WO2022016800A1 - 一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022016800A1
WO2022016800A1 PCT/CN2020/138197 CN2020138197W WO2022016800A1 WO 2022016800 A1 WO2022016800 A1 WO 2022016800A1 CN 2020138197 W CN2020138197 W CN 2020138197W WO 2022016800 A1 WO2022016800 A1 WO 2022016800A1
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microwave
pyrolysis
energy
drying
thermal energy
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French (fr)
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张会岩
张书平
董青
肖睿
李晓迪
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B27/00—Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrolysis device and method, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis device and method with optimal matching of thermal energy and microwave energy.
  • Biomass energy is a renewable energy with wide distribution and large amount of resources, or an environmentally friendly low-carbon energy. It occupies an important position in the entire energy system. The development of biomass energy is of great significance for improving the energy structure and developing a green and low-carbon economy. Biomass is mainly composed of woody raw materials, herbaceous raw materials, livestock manure, domestic waste and domestic sewage.
  • thermochemical transformation of biomass resource utilization mainly includes combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and other methods.
  • pyrolysis is the use of thermal energy to cut off the chemical bonds of macromolecular compounds in biomass under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, and crack them into smaller ones.
  • product distribution of pyrolysis products can be regulated by controlling operating parameters, and biomass energy can be converted into energy products such as biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolysis gas.
  • Biomass pyrolysis Traditional heating method Pyrolysis heat is transferred from the surface of biomass raw materials to the interior through heat conduction or convection, while microwave heating converts microwave energy into heat energy in the form of dissipation, which is used as a unique heating method for solid
  • the pyrolysis of organic waste has obvious advantages. The heating rate is fast and the whole raw material is uniformly heated. It has some pyrolysis conditions different from traditional pyrolysis, resulting in different pyrolysis characteristics. The control of the product becomes easy, the obtained biocoke and bio-oil are of high quality, and the subsequent utilization potential is great.
  • microwave absorption capacity of biomass raw materials is weak, and it is difficult to increase the heating rate simply by the microwave absorption factors (water and trace elements Na+, K+, etc.) existing in the biomass. Therefore, it is necessary to use traditional heating methods to bake the biomass raw materials in advance. And carbonization to increase its absorption constant and improve the utilization of microwave energy.
  • the present invention aims to provide a biomass pyrolysis device and method with a rational utilization of energy and a green and environmentally friendly thermal energy-microwave energy optimal matching.
  • the biomass pyrolysis device with optimal matching of thermal energy and microwave energy of the present invention includes a feeding device and a condensing device, as well as a power generation system, a drying device and a microwave pyrolysis device;
  • the drying device is a flue gas layer and a material layer. Nested cylinders, the material inlet of the device is connected to the feeding device, and the volatile outlet is connected to the condensation device;
  • the microwave pyrolysis device is connected to the material outlet of the drying device, and the pyrolysis gas outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device is connected to the condensation device;
  • the condensing device is connected to the power generation system, and the exhaust gas generated by the power generation is passed into the flue gas layer of the drying device.
  • the thermal energy-microwave energy optimally matched biomass pyrolysis method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the material is sent into the drying device through the feeding device for drying, and the drying heat source is provided by the tail gas after the combustion of the pyrolysis gas;
  • step (3) the remaining non-condensable gas is sent to the internal combustion engine for combustion through purification, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion is the drying heat source in step (1), the temperature is 400 °C ⁇ 600 °C, the internal combustion engine is connected to the generator, and the generated electric energy is the step (1).
  • Power supply for the pyrolysis process
  • the present invention uses thermal energy to bake biomass raw materials, increases its microwave absorption constant, and then feeds the biomass into a microwave pyrolysis device.
  • the pre-carbonized biomass has high energy absorption efficiency in microwaves, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved, so that the thermal energy-
  • the purpose of optimizing and matching microwave energy, and at the same time, the present invention can efficiently convert biomass energy into chemical raw materials or fuel, and the product characteristics have very broad prospects, not only can realize the improvement of the economic value of biomass, but also can alleviate environmental pollution and energy issue.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of the drying device of the present invention.
  • this embodiment includes a feeding device, a condensing device 19 , a power generation system, and a drying device 7 and a microwave pyrolysis device 13 arranged between the feeding device and the condensing device 19 .
  • the feeding device includes a silo 1, a screw elevator 2 and two air locks.
  • the silo 1 is connected to the screw elevator 2, the outlet 3 of the screw elevator is connected to the air lock 4, and the air lock 4 is connected to the air lock 5.
  • the air lock 5 is connected to the material inlet 6 of the drying device 7 .
  • the drying device 7 is a cylinder in which the smoke layer and the material layer are nested.
  • the drying device 7 is provided with a first flue gas layer 71 along the central axis, a second flue gas layer 73 along the outer wall, and the annular space between the first and second flue gas layers is a material layer 72 .
  • the inlet 9 of the flue gas layer is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the power generation system, and is heated by the exhaust gas of the power generation system.
  • the nested design of the flue gas layer and the material layer can not only make full use of the heat of the exhaust gas, but also fully exchange heat between the flue gas and the material, and improve the drying efficiency.
  • the material outlet 8 of the drying device 7 is connected to the microwave pyrolysis device 13 , and the coke outlet 16 of the microwave pyrolysis device 13 is connected to the carbon storage bin 17 .
  • the microwave pyrolysis device 13 includes a microwave generator 14 arranged on the surface of the device and a screw feeding device arranged at the inner central axis.
  • the pyrolysis gas outlet 15 of the microwave pyrolysis device 13 and the volatile matter outlet 11 of the drying device 7 are respectively connected to the gas inlet 18 of the condensation device 19 . Volatile gases and pyrolysis gases are condensed in a condensing unit.
  • the condensing device 19 is of a spray tower type with a spray layer inside.
  • One side of the condensing device 19 is provided with a gas inlet, and the other side is provided with a gas outlet.
  • the inlet and the outlet have a height difference to ensure the condensable components in the gas. fully condensed.
  • the non-condensable combustible gas is discharged from the outlet 20 of the condensing device and enters the power generation system.
  • the power generation system includes a gas purification device 21, an induced draft fan 22, an internal combustion engine 23, and a generator 24, which are sequentially arranged behind the cooling device 19.
  • the non-condensable gas is purified and sent to the internal combustion engine for combustion, and the heat provided by the combustion enables the generator 24 to generate electricity.
  • the internal combustion engine 23 is also connected to the flue gas layer of the drying device 7, and the outlet 10 of the flue gas layer is connected to the exhaust gas purification device 26, and the flue gas after heat exchange is treated and discharged.
  • Different power generation devices can be selected according to the size of the biomass processing capacity. In this embodiment, an internal combustion engine is used as an example.
  • the biomass raw material is sent from the silo 1 through the screw elevator 2 from the discharge port 3, and enters the drying device 7 from the inlet 6 of the drying device 7 through the air lock 4 and the air lock 5. Drying and torrefaction are carried out at low temperature to remove moisture from the biomass feedstock and partially pre-carbonize it.
  • the generated volatile gas enters the condensing device 19 from the gas outlet 9 .
  • the dried and upgraded biomass enters the heater from the feed port 12 of the microwave pyrolysis device 13, and undergoes deep pyrolysis under the heating action of the microwave generator.
  • the generated biocoke enters the carbon storage bin 17 through the discharge port for storage and collection.
  • the generated pyrolysis gas enters the spray condenser 19 through the gas outlet 15 to collect the bio-oil.
  • the combustible and non-condensable gas in the spray condenser 19 is discharged by the induced draft fan 22 through the gas purification device 21 to the internal combustion engine 23 for combustion, and drives the generator 24 to generate electricity.
  • the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion is introduced into the tumble drying-torrefaction device 7 as a heat source, and the exhaust gas generated after heat exchange and drying and baking is passed into the exhaust gas purification device 26 and then discharged.
  • the biomass passes through two air locks and enters the drum drying-torrefaction device. After drying and baking, the moisture in the biomass is removed and the raw material is partially pre-carbonized. Subsequently, the upgraded biomass enters the microwave pyrolysis section for deep pyrolysis through a spiral, so as to obtain biocoke with high quality.
  • the generated pyrolysis gas is collected by a spray condenser to obtain high-quality bio-oil.
  • the system generates electricity from the internal combustion engine to supplement the energy consumption of the microwave system, and the exhaust gas is used for heating in the drying-baking section.
  • the system has high energy efficiency and no exhaust gas emissions during operation.
  • the operating parameters can be adjusted according to biomass raw materials, and the system is safe to operate. High and low cost.

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Abstract

一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，所述装置包括发电系统、干燥装置（7）和微波热解装置（13）；所述干燥装置（7）为烟气层和物料层（72）嵌套的圆筒，该装置的物料入口（6）连接送料装置，挥发分出口（11）连接冷凝装置（19）；所述微波热解装置（13）连接干燥装置（7）的物料出口（8），微波热解装置（13）的热解气出口（15）连接冷凝装置（19）；所述冷凝装置（19）连接发电系统，发电产生的尾气通入干燥装置（7）的烟气层。采用热能烘焙生物质原料，增加其微波吸收常数，随后给入微波热解装置（13），预碳化后的生物质在微波中吸能效率较高，能量利用率大幅提高，达到所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的目的。

Description

一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种热解装置及方法，尤其涉及一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置及方法。
背景技术
生物质能是分布广、资源量大的可再生能源，还是环境友好的低碳能源，在整个能源系统中占有重要地位，发展生物质能源对于改善能源结构，发展绿色低碳经济具有重要意义。生物质主要由木本类原料、草本类原料、禽畜粪便、生活垃圾和生活污水等组成。
目前生物质资源利用热化学转化主要包括燃烧、热解、气化等方法，其中热解是在无氧或缺氧的条件下利用热能切断生物质中的大分子化合物的化学键，裂解成为较小分子的挥发物质，同时可通过控制操作参数调控热解产物的产品分布，可以将生物质能源转化为生物炭、生物油、热解气等能源产品。
生物质热解传统加热方式热解热量通过导热或对流方式由生物质原料表面向内部传递，微波加热则是以耗散的形式将微波能转化为热能，作为一种独特的加热方式用于固体有机废弃物的热解具有明显的优越性，加热速率快且对原料整体均匀加热，具有一些不同于传统热解的热解条件，形成不同热解特性，而且温度调控、热解过程及预期最终产物的控制变得容易，所得生物焦和生物油品质较高，后续利用潜力大。但是生物质原料的微波吸收能力较弱，难以单纯靠生物质中本身存在的微波吸收因子(水分与微量元素Na+、K+等)提升升温速率，因此需要预先利用传统加热方式对生物质原料进行烘焙与碳化来增加其吸收常数，提高微波能量利用率。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明旨在提供一种能源合理利用、绿色环保的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置及方法。
技术方案：本发明的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，包括送料装置以及冷凝装置，还包括发电系统、干燥装置和微波热解装置；所述干燥装置为烟气层和物料层嵌套的圆筒，该装置的物料入口连接送料装置，挥发分出口连接冷凝装置；所述微波热解装置连接干燥装置的物料出口，微波热解装置的热解气出口连接冷凝装置；所述冷凝装置连接发电系统，发电产生的尾气通入干燥装置的烟气层。
本发明的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解方法，基于上述的热解装置，包括以下步骤：
(1)物料经过送料装置送入干燥装置中进行干燥，干燥的热源由热解气燃烧后的尾气提供；
(2)干燥后的物料进行热解，生成的热解气进行冷凝；
(3)剩余的不冷凝气体经过净化送入内燃机中燃烧，燃烧生成的尾气即为步骤(1)中的干燥热源，温度为400℃～600℃，内燃机连接发电机，产生的电能为步骤(2)热解过程供能；
(4)经过干燥装置换热后的尾气进行处理后排出。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著优点：
本发明采用热能烘焙生物质原料，增加其微波吸收常数，随后给入微波热解装置，预碳化后的生物质在微波中吸能效率较高，能量利用率大幅提高，达到所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的目的，同时，本发明能将生物质能高效地转化为化工原料或燃料，产品特性具有很广阔的前景，不仅可以实现对生物质经济价值的提升，还可以缓解环境污染以及能源问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明干燥装置截面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本实施例包括送料装置、冷凝装置19、发电系统以及设于送料装置和冷凝装置19之间的干燥装置7和微波热解装置13。
送料装置包括料仓1、螺旋提升机2以及两个锁气器，料仓1与螺旋提升机2相连，螺旋提升机出口3与锁气器4相连，锁气器4与锁气器5相连，锁气器5与干燥装置7的物料入口6相连。
干燥装置7为烟气层和物料层嵌套的圆筒。干燥装置7沿中轴线设有第一烟气层71，沿外壁设有第二烟气层73，第一、二烟气层之间的环形空间为物料层72。烟气层的入口9连接发电系统的尾气出口，由发电系统的尾气供热。烟气层与物料层相嵌套的设计，既能充分利用尾气的热量，又能够使烟气与物料充分换热，提高干燥效率。
干燥装置7的物料出口8与微波热解装置13相连，微波热解装置13的焦碳出口16与储碳仓17相连。微波热解装置13包括设于装置表面的微波发生器14以及设于内部中轴线处的螺旋送料装置。微波热解装置13的热解气出口15和干燥装置7的挥发分出口11分别于冷凝装置19的气体入口18相连。挥发分气体和热解气在冷凝装置中冷凝。
冷凝装置19为喷淋塔式，内部设有喷淋层，冷凝装置19的一侧设有气体入口，另一侧设有气体出口，入口和出口具有高度差，保证气体中的可凝组分充分凝结。不凝可燃气体从泠凝装置出口20排出，进入发电系统。
发电系统包括依次设于泠凝装置19后方的气体净化装置21、引风机22、内燃机23以 及发电机24。不可凝气体经过净化，送入内燃机进行燃烧，燃烧提供的热量使发电机24发电，该电量用于补充微波热解装置13中微波发生器的电能，实现资源与能量的充分利用。内燃机23还与干燥装置7的烟气层相连，烟气层的出口10与尾气净化装置26的相连，换热后的烟气经过处理后排出。根据生物质处理量的大小，可选择不同的发电装置，本实施例以内燃机作为举例。
本装置的具体工作原理为：
生物质原料从料仓1经螺旋提升机2由出料口3送出，经过锁气器4和锁气器5由干燥装置7的入料口6进入干燥装置7，在250～350℃的温度下进行干燥和烘焙，除去生物质原料中的水分并使其部分预碳化。产生的挥发性气体由气体出口9进入泠凝装置19。
干燥提质后的生物质再从微波热解装置13的入料口12进入加热器，在微波发生微波器的加热作用下，进行深度热解。生成的所得生物焦经出料口进入储碳仓17储藏收集。产生的热解气经气体出口15进入喷淋式冷凝器19，对生物油进行收集。
喷淋式冷凝器19中的可燃不凝气体，经过气体净化装置21由引风机22排出至内燃机23内燃烧，带动发电机24发电。燃烧产生的高温尾气引入滚动式干燥-烘焙装置7作为热源，换热后和干燥烘焙产生的乏气通入尾气净化装置26后排出。
生物质在提升机作用下，经过2个锁气器，进入滚筒式干燥-烘焙装置，经过干燥烘焙去除生物质中的水分并使得原料部分预碳化。随后提质后的生物质通过螺旋进入微波热解段进行深度热解，得到具有较高品质的生物焦。产生的热解气经喷淋式冷凝器收集得到高品质的生物油。同时，系统通过内燃机发电电能用于补充微波系统的能耗，尾气用于干燥-烘焙段加热，系统能效高，运行过程无乏气排放，操作参数均可根据生物质原料调节，系统运行安全性高、成本低。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，包括送料装置以及冷凝装置(19)，其特征在于，还包括发电系统、干燥装置(7)和微波热解装置(13)；所述干燥装置(7)为烟气层和物料层嵌套的圆筒，该装置的物料入口(6)连接送料装置，挥发分出口(11)连接冷凝装置(19)；所述微波热解装置(13)连接干燥装置(7)的物料出口(8)，微波热解装置(13)的热解气出口(15)连接冷凝装置(19)；所述冷凝装置(19)连接发电系统，发电产生的尾气通入干燥装置(7)的烟气层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述干燥装置(7)沿中轴线设有第一烟气层(71)，沿外壁设有第二烟气层(73)，第一、二烟气层之间的环形空间为物料层(72)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述发电系统产生的电能用于补充微波热解装置(13)的耗能。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述微波热解装置(13)包括微波发生器(14)、设于装置中轴线处的螺旋送料装置以及与微波热解装置(13)连接的储碳仓(17)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述送料装置包括料仓(1)、螺旋提升机(2)以及设于螺旋提升机出口(3)的锁气器，所述螺旋提升机(2)连接料仓底部的物料出口，所述锁气器出口连接干燥装置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述干燥装置(7)烟气层的出口(10)连接尾气净化装置(26)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解装置，其特征在于，所述冷凝装置(19)为喷淋塔。
  8. 一种热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解方法，基于权利要求1～7任一项所述的热解装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)物料经过送料装置送入干燥装置中进行干燥，干燥的热源由热解气燃烧后的尾气提供；
    (2)干燥后的物料进行热解，生成的热解气进行冷凝；
    (3)剩余的不冷凝气体经过净化送入内燃机中燃烧，燃烧生成的尾气即为步骤(1)中的干燥热源，温度为400℃～600℃，内燃机连接发电机，产生的电能为步骤(2)热解过程供能；
    (4)经过干燥装置换热后的尾气进行处理后排出。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的热能-微波能优化匹配的生物质热解方法，其特征在于，所述干燥烘焙段所消耗的热能、热解段所消耗的电能以及发电机产生的电能的比例根据调 整干燥烘焙段的质量损失率来调控。
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