WO2022016319A1 - 一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法 - Google Patents

一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022016319A1
WO2022016319A1 PCT/CN2020/103024 CN2020103024W WO2022016319A1 WO 2022016319 A1 WO2022016319 A1 WO 2022016319A1 CN 2020103024 W CN2020103024 W CN 2020103024W WO 2022016319 A1 WO2022016319 A1 WO 2022016319A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
monitoring
pulley
rim
gap
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PCT/CN2020/103024
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨隽
张杨
曾云华
甄洪梅
Original Assignee
宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司
浙江吉利动力总成有限公司
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
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Application filed by 宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司, 浙江吉利动力总成有限公司, 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司
Priority to CN202080100400.3A priority Critical patent/CN115485490A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/103024 priority patent/WO2022016319A1/zh
Publication of WO2022016319A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022016319A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/36—Pulleys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/01—Monitoring wear or stress of gearing elements, e.g. for triggering maintenance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of engine structures, in particular to a pulley device, a pulley failure monitoring system and a monitoring method.
  • the structure of the pulley is divided into three parts: the hub, the outer rim and the rubber ring.
  • the wheel hub is rigidly connected to the crankshaft
  • the outer wheel rim drives the front-end gear train such as the water pump and the generator through the belt
  • the wheel hub and the outer wheel rim are flexibly connected by a rubber ring.
  • the rubber ring ages and the connection ability becomes weak, and there may be relative sliding between the hub and the outer rim or even the outer rim falling off.
  • functional parts such as pumps and generators will fail, and the water temperature will rise. Since the state of the rubber ring in the pulley cannot be monitored, the failure of the rubber ring can only be found when the water temperature is too high or the tile is held, but at this time the engine has suffered major damage.
  • the rubber ring in the pulley of the engine is aging and fails, it will cause relative sliding between the hub and the outer rim, which will cause the belt-driven functional parts such as water pumps and generators to fail to work, and eventually lead to failures such as engine cylinder pulling and tile holding.
  • the failure of the rubber ring cannot be monitored. The problem will only be found when the engine is damaged. At this time, not only the rubber ring needs to be replaced, but also the water pump, generator and other components may need to be replaced. The cost of the parts to be replaced is high. In severe cases, the bare metal needs to be replaced, resulting in very high maintenance costs.
  • the present invention proposes a pulley device, a pulley failure monitoring system and a monitoring method.
  • a pulley device provided by the present invention includes:
  • the side of the outer rim is provided with a first rim, and the first rim is provided with a first gap;
  • the side surface of the wheel hub is provided with a second rim, and the second rim is provided with a second gap;
  • the rubber ring is arranged between the outer rim and the hub, and the first rim and the second rim protrude outward from the side surface of the rubber ring;
  • a monitoring device the monitoring device is connected to the wheel hub, the monitoring device is provided with a signal transceiver, and the signal transceiver, the first notch and the second notch are collinear.
  • a further improvement of the pulley device provided by the present invention is that the monitoring device includes a mounting base and a support arm, one end of the support arm is connected to the mounting base, and the other end of the support arm is connected to the signal transceiver,
  • the mounting seat is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole is coaxial with the shaft hole of the wheel hub.
  • a further improvement of the pulley device provided by the present invention is that the signal transceiver includes a signal sending end and a signal receiving end;
  • the signal sending end is used to transmit a first monitoring signal, and when the signal transceiver, the first gap and the second gap are collinear, the first monitoring signal passes through the first gap and the second gap.
  • the second gap when the second gap and the first gap are misaligned, the first monitoring signal is reflected by the first rim to form a second monitoring signal, and the signal receiving end is used to receive the The second monitoring signal.
  • the present invention also provides a pulley failure monitoring system, comprising an electronic control unit and the above-mentioned pulley device, and a signal transceiver of the pulley device is signally connected to the electronic control unit;
  • the signal transceiver is configured to send the second monitoring signal to the electronic control unit when receiving the second monitoring signal
  • the electronic control unit is used for protecting and controlling the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal sent by the signal transceiver.
  • a further improvement of the pulley failure monitoring system provided by the present invention is that the electronic control unit includes a displacement monitoring module and a control module;
  • the displacement monitoring module is configured to process the second monitoring signal, obtain a displacement signal, and send the displacement signal to the control module;
  • the control module is used for cutting off the power input to the pulley device according to the displacement signal.
  • a further improvement of the pulley failure monitoring system provided by the present invention is that the control module is further configured to trigger an alarm prompt according to the displacement signal.
  • the present invention also provides a method for monitoring the failure of the pulley using the above-mentioned pulley failure monitoring system, including:
  • the feedback signal is obtained by the signal transceiver of the monitoring device, and when the obtained feedback signal is the second monitoring signal, the second monitoring signal is sent to the electronic control unit, and the second monitoring signal is used to indicate the outer rim of the pulley device Misalignment with the hub;
  • the electronic control unit receives the second monitoring signal, and performs protection control on the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal.
  • a further improvement of the method for monitoring the failure of the pulley provided by the present invention is that the protection and control of the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal includes:
  • the power input to the pulley device is cut off according to the displacement signal.
  • a further improvement of the method for monitoring the failure of the pulley provided by the present invention is that the protecting and controlling the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal further comprises: triggering an alarm prompt according to the displacement signal.
  • a further improvement of the method for monitoring the failure of the pulley provided by the present invention is that the obtaining the feedback signal by using the signal transceiver of the monitoring device includes:
  • the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transmitting end of the signal transceiver passes through the first notch and the second gap, the feedback signal received by the signal receiving end of the signal transceiver is empty;
  • the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transmitting end is reflected by the first rim where the first gap is located to form a second monitoring signal, and the signal receiving end
  • the received feedback signal is the second monitoring signal.
  • the pulley device, the pulley failure monitoring system and the monitoring method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the present invention monitors whether the first gap and the second gap are misaligned through the signal transceiver of the monitoring device, and realizes the protection of the rubber.
  • the monitoring of the ring status can monitor or find the failure of the rubber ring in time; when the rubber ring fails, the fuel injector can be controlled to cut off the fuel in time and a warning message is displayed on the instrument panel to warn the driver that the vehicle is faulty and avoid the failure of the rubber ring. More serious vehicle damage or failure occurs to ensure driving safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulley device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control relationship of a pulley failure monitoring system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring a pulley failure provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a pulley device, a pulley failure monitoring system and a monitoring method, and the present invention is specifically the following technical solutions realized.
  • a pulley device provided in Embodiment 1 includes an outer rim 10, a hub 20, a rubber ring 30 and a monitoring device.
  • the side of the outer rim 10 is provided with a first rim 11, and the first rim 11 is provided with a There is a first gap 12, the side of the hub 20 is provided with a second rim 21, the second rim 21 is provided with a second gap 22, the rubber ring 30 is arranged between the outer rim 10 and the hub 20, the first rim 11 and The second rim 21 protrudes outward from the side surface of the rubber ring 30 , and the monitoring device is connected to the wheel hub 20 .
  • the pulley In the engine, the pulley is used to drive the water pump, generator, etc. through the belt.
  • the pulley is worn on the crankshaft, and the pulley can rotate with the crankshaft when the engine is running, and the impact force is first transmitted to the hub 20, and then to the vibration-absorbing rubber ring 30 in the middle layer, and then from the rubber ring 30 to the outer rim 10;
  • the impact force received by the outer rim 10 will be reduced by the rubber ring 30, so as to have the effect of shock absorption.
  • the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device can send a first monitoring signal, and can also receive a second monitoring signal, and the second monitoring signal is formed after the first monitoring signal is reflected.
  • the rubber ring 30 does not fail, since the signal transceiver 40, the first notch 12 and the second notch 22 are collinear, the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transceiver 40 can pass through the first notch 12 and the second notch 22, The signal transceiver 40 cannot receive the second monitoring signal (reflected signal).
  • the signal transceiver 40 , the first notch 12 and the second notch 22 are all located in the radial direction of the wheel hub 20 .
  • the hub 20 and the outer rim 10 cannot rotate synchronously, resulting in the dislocation of the second notch 22 of the second rim 21 and the first notch 12 of the first rim 11; Therefore, the monitoring device can rotate synchronously with the wheel hub 20, and the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device and the second gap 22 are still located in the radial direction of the wheel hub 20; thus, the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transceiver 40 passes through the second The gap 22 will then reach the first rim 11 , the first monitoring signal is reflected by the first rim 11 to form a second monitoring signal, and the second monitoring signal passes through the second gap 22 and is received by the signal transceiver 40 .
  • the signal transceiver 40 receives the second monitoring signal, indicating that the rubber ring 30 has failed. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device monitors whether the first notch 12 and the second notch 22 are dislocated, so as to realize the monitoring of the state of the rubber ring 30 .
  • the first rim 11 and the second rim 21 protrude outward from the side of the rubber ring 30 , which can prevent the rubber ring 30 from covering the first gap 12 and the second gap 22 and prevent the rubber ring 30 from reflecting The first monitoring signal.
  • the monitoring device includes a mounting base 50 and a support arm, one end of the support arm is connected with the mounting base 50, and the other end of the support arm is connected with the signal transceiver 40, the mounting base 50 is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole is connected with the shaft of the wheel hub 20.
  • the holes are arranged coaxially.
  • the structure of the monitoring device in Embodiment 1 is adapted to the structure of the engine.
  • the crankshaft passes through the shaft hole of the wheel hub 20 and the mounting hole of the mounting seat 50, that is, the mounting seat 50 and the wheel hub 20 are both penetrated to the outside of the crankshaft; after the engine is assembled, the mounting seat 50 can be tightly against the wheel hub 20.
  • the mounting base 50 and the hub 20 can be driven to rotate synchronously.
  • the support arm can be connected to the mounting base 50 by welding, the signal transceiver 40 is mounted on the support arm, and the mounting base 50 can drive the support arm and the signal transceiver 40 to rotate, so that the signal transceiver 40 and the hub 20 can rotate synchronously around the crankshaft .
  • the mounting seat 50 is annular, the first end of the support arm, the first notch 12 and the second gap 22 are collinear, and the second end of the support arm is connected to the curved surface of the mounting seat 50 .
  • the signal transceiver 40 includes a signal transmitting end and a signal receiving end; the signal transmitting end is used to transmit the first monitoring signal, when the signal transceiver 40, the first gap 12 and the second gap 22 are collinear, the first monitoring signal Passing through the first gap 12 and the second gap 22, when the second gap 22 and the first gap 12 are misaligned, the first monitoring signal is reflected by the first rim 11 to form a second monitoring signal, and the signal receiving end is used to receive the second monitoring signal. Monitor the signal.
  • the signal transceiver 40 may be a position sensor.
  • a position sensor is a sensor that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. It can be divided into contact position sensors and proximity position sensors. Contact position sensors include travel switches, two-dimensional matrix position sensors, etc. Proximity position sensors include electromagnetic, photoelectric, eddy current, capacitive, Hall, and ultrasonic position sensors.
  • a photoelectric position sensor can be used.
  • the photoelectric position sensor is a photoelectric device that is sensitive to the position of the light spot on the incident photosensitive surface. It is a photoelectric position sensitive detector based on the lateral photoelectric effect. It has high sensitivity, high resolution, fast response speed and circuit configuration. Simple and so on.
  • the photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon of automatic discharge from light energy into electrical energy. Specifically, it refers to: the larger the number of incident photons per unit time, the more photoelectrons that escape, and the stronger the photocurrent.
  • the signal transceiver 40 in Embodiment 1 is a wireless position sensor.
  • Embodiment 2 provides a pulley failure monitoring system including an electronic control unit and the pulley device in Embodiment 1.
  • the signal transceiver 40 of the pulley device is signally connected to the electronic control unit; the signal transceiver 40 is used for When the second monitoring signal is received, the second monitoring signal is sent to the electronic control unit; the electronic control unit is used for protecting and controlling the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal sent by the signal transceiver 40 .
  • the electronic control unit has the functions of calculation and control.
  • the electronic control unit can collect the relevant signals of the engine operation through the sensor for calculation, and convert the calculation result into a control signal to control the work of the controlled object.
  • the electronic control unit can analyze the collected signals, and can analyze the ignition of the engine, the air-fuel ratio (the ratio of the mass between the air and the fuel in the mixture), the idle speed (the engine is running in neutral), the exhaust gas according to the analysis results. Recirculation and other parameters are controlled.
  • the signal transceiver 40 receives the second monitoring signal, and transmits the second monitoring signal to the electronic control unit.
  • the electronic control unit can determine the failure of the rubber ring 30 according to the second monitoring signal, and further the electronic control unit performs protection and control on the pulley device, so as to avoid the failure of functional parts such as water pumps and generators due to the failure of the rubber ring 30 of the pulley. Engine damage.
  • the electronic control unit includes a displacement monitoring module 70 and a control module 80; the displacement monitoring module 70 is used for processing the second monitoring signal, obtaining the displacement signal, and sending the displacement signal to the control module 80; the control module 80 is used for according to The displacement signal cuts off the power input to the pulley device.
  • the second monitoring signal is an analog signal
  • the signal transceiver 40 receives the second monitoring signal and sends the second monitoring signal to the displacement monitoring module 70, and the displacement monitoring module 70 can perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second monitoring signal
  • the displacement signal is processed and generated, ie the second monitoring signal of the analog signal type is converted into a displacement signal of the digital signal type.
  • the signal transceiver 40 may be a wireless position sensor, and the signal transmission between the signal transceiver 40 and the displacement monitoring module 70 may be performed by wireless transmission.
  • the displacement monitoring module 70 and the control module 80 may be integrated into one body, or the two may be set independently of each other, as long as the displacement monitoring module 70 can transmit displacement signals to the control module 80 .
  • control module 80 can cut off the power input to the pulley device according to the displacement signal, thereby realizing the protection control of the pulley device. Specifically, the control module 80 can stop the fuel injection by controlling the fuel injector 91 in the engine, thereby stopping the rotation of the crankshaft, so as to stop the rotation of the pulley, so as to avoid the water pump and generator caused by the rotation of the pulley when the rubber ring 30 fails. and other functional parts failure problems.
  • the fuel injector 91 in the engine is used to atomize the fuel into finer particles, and evenly distribute it into the combustion chamber, so as to facilitate the uniform mixing of fuel and air, and promote ignition and combustion.
  • the fuel injector 91 includes an orifice fuel injector, a hydraulic servo system (control piston, control orifice, etc.), and a solenoid valve. By controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, the fuel injector 91 can be controlled to inject fuel into the combustion chamber at the optimum fuel injection timing, fuel injection quantity and fuel injection rate.
  • the spray characteristics of the injector 91 include atomization particle size, oil mist distribution, oil beam direction, range and diffusion cone angle, etc. These characteristics should meet the requirements of the combustion system, so that the formation and combustion of the mixture can be perfected, and a higher power and thermal efficiency.
  • control module 80 is further configured to trigger an alarm prompt according to the displacement signal.
  • the control module 80 can control the instrument panel 92 to display warning information according to the displacement signal; the warning information can be in the form of text, and the instrument panel 92 can display words such as "the pulley rubber ring 30 has failed"; the warning information can also be in the form of an icon.
  • the control module 80 can also control the voice safety reminder unit 93 to play a safety prompt sound according to the displacement signal, and the voice safety reminder unit 93 can broadcast the voice information of "the pulley rubber ring 30 is invalid" to the user.
  • the present embodiment 3 provides a method for monitoring the failure of the pulley using the pulley failure monitoring system in the embodiment 2, including:
  • Step S101 Use the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device to obtain the feedback signal, when the obtained feedback signal is the second monitoring signal, send the second monitoring signal to the electronic control unit, and the second monitoring signal is used to indicate the outer rim of the pulley device 10 is misaligned with the hub 20;
  • Step S102 the electronic control unit receives the second monitoring signal, and performs protection control on the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal.
  • performing protection control on the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal includes:
  • the power input to the pulley device is cut off according to the displacement signal.
  • performing protection control on the pulley device according to the second monitoring signal further includes: triggering an alarm prompt according to the displacement signal.
  • the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device uses the signal transceiver 40 of the monitoring device to obtain the feedback signal includes:
  • the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transmitting end of the signal transceiver 40 passes through the first notch 12 and the second gap 22, the feedback signal received by the signal receiving end of the signal transceiver 40 is empty;
  • the first monitoring signal transmitted by the signal transmitting end is reflected by the first rim 11 where the first gap 12 is located to form a second monitoring signal, and the feedback signal received by the signal receiving end is the first monitoring signal.
  • the signal transceiver 40, the second gap 22 and the first gap 12 are collinear, the signal transceiver 40 transmits the first monitoring signal, and the first monitoring signal passes through the second gap 22 and the first gap 12, the signal transceiver 40 cannot receive the second monitoring signal.
  • the feedback signal received by the signal receiving end of the signal transceiver 40 is empty, indicating that the signal transceiver 40 has not received the second monitoring signal. Circle 30 did not fail.
  • the signal transceiver 40 transmits a first monitoring signal
  • the first monitoring signal passes through the second notch 22 and is reflected by the first rim 11 to form a second monitoring signal Signal
  • the feedback signal received by the signal transceiver 40 is the second monitoring signal, indicating that the rubber ring 30 fails.
  • the electronic control unit can determine the failure of the rubber ring 30 according to the second monitoring signal, and further the electronic control unit protects and controls the pulley device to avoid the failure of functional parts such as water pumps and generators due to the rotation of the pulley in the failure state of the rubber ring 30. problem to avoid engine damage.
  • the present invention provides a pulley device, a pulley failure monitoring system and a monitoring method.
  • a monitoring device including a position sensor
  • the rubber ring 30 can be monitored for failure at any time.
  • the monitoring device synchronously transmits a displacement signal.
  • the electronic control unit controls the fuel injector 91 to cut off the fuel and informs the owner on the dashboard 92, so as to avoid a larger engine failure and a larger loss.
  • the innovation of the present invention is as follows: a first notch 12 is added to the first rim 11 of the outer rim 10, a second notch 22 is added to the second rim 21 of the wheel hub 20, and the hub 20 is rigidly connected to a position sensor with a wireless transmission function , the first notch 12, the second notch 22 and the position sensor are collinear or aligned.
  • the first monitoring signal sent by the position sensor can pass through the first notch 12 and the second notch 22 without generating a reflected signal; when the rubber ring 30 fails, the first notch 12 and the second notch 22 rotate relative to each other.
  • the first rim 11 next to the first gap 12 of the outer rim 10 blocks the passage of the first monitoring signal, and reflects the first monitoring signal.
  • the second monitoring signal formed after the reflection can be received by the position sensor.
  • the position sensor The second monitoring signal is sent to the electronic control unit through wireless transmission, and the electronic control unit determines that the rubber ring 30 is invalid, controls the fuel injector 91 to cut off the fuel, and informs the vehicle owner on the dashboard 92 .
  • the outer rim 10 of the pulley and the outer side of the wheel hub 20 are provided with a gap at the same position.
  • a position sensor is installed on the wheel hub 20.
  • the position sensor has a wireless transmission function.
  • the notch position of the hub 20 When the engine is running, the sensor is rigidly connected to the wheel hub 20, and the two can rotate synchronously. Normally, the position sensor cannot receive the reflected signal, so the position sensor does not send a signal to the electronic control unit.
  • the rubber ring 30 fails, the outer rim 10 and the hub 20 rotate relative to each other, the position of the first gap 12 is shifted, the position sensor can receive the reflected signal, and then the position sensor sends the first signal to the displacement monitoring module 70 through wireless transmission.
  • the displacement monitoring module 70 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the second monitoring signal to obtain a displacement signal, and the displacement monitoring module 70 sends the displacement signal to the control module 80 .
  • the control module 80 controls the fuel injector 91 to cut off the fuel according to the displacement signal and displays a warning message on the instrument panel 92 to warn the driver that the vehicle is faulty.
  • the fuel injector 91 is affected by the rubber ring 30 of the pulley, which makes the fuel injection control method safer and more reliable, and prevents the fuel injector 91 from continuing to inject fuel when the rubber ring 30 is aged.
  • the cost of the present invention is low. It only needs to change the design on the basis of the existing pulley, and add a notch, a position sensor and a mounting seat 50. The cost does not change much, but the function of monitoring the state of the rubber ring 30 can be realized, preventing the rubber ring 30 continued to cause damage to the engine after the failure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

一种皮带轮装置，其包括：外轮圈（10），外轮圈（10）的侧面设有第一轮缘（11），第一轮缘（11）设有第一缺口（12）；轮毂（20），轮毂（20）的侧面设有第二轮缘（21），第二轮缘（21）设有第二缺口（22）；橡胶圈（30），橡胶圈（30）设于外轮圈（10）和轮毂（20）之间，第一轮缘（11）和第二轮缘（21）相较于橡胶圈（30）的侧面向外突出；监测装置，监测装置与轮毂（20）连接，监测装置设有信号收发器（40），信号收发器（40）、第一缺口（12）和第二缺口（22）共线。还包括具有皮带轮装置的皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法。通过监测装置的信号收发器监测第一缺口和第二缺口是否错位，实现了对橡胶圈状态的监测，可以及时监测或发现橡胶圈失效。

Description

一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及发动机结构领域，具体涉及一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法。
背景技术
目前皮带轮的结构分为三部分：轮毂、外轮圈和橡胶圈。其中轮毂与曲轴刚性连接，外轮圈通过皮带驱动水泵、发电机等前端轮系，轮毂和外轮圈之间通过橡胶圈柔性连接。随着发动机长时间运行，橡胶圈老化，连接能力变弱，轮毂和外轮圈之间有可能产生相对滑动甚至出现外轮圈脱落现象。此时会造成水泵、发电机等功能性零件失效，水温升高，严重时会出现抱瓦故障，导致发动机损毁。由于无法监控皮带轮中橡胶圈的状态，只有等到出现水温过高或抱瓦时才能发现橡胶圈已失效，但是此时发动机已经出现较大损伤。
发动机的皮带轮中橡胶圈如果出现老化失效，会造成轮毂与外轮圈之间相对滑动，进而导致皮带驱动的功能零件如水泵、发电机无法工作，最终导致发动机拉缸、抱瓦等故障。目前橡胶圈是否失效无法监控，只有等到发动机出现较大损伤时才会发现问题，此时不仅要更换橡胶圈，还有可能需要更换水泵、发电机等部件，需要更换的零件的成本较高，严重时需要更换裸机，导致维修成本非常高。
因此，有必要提供一种方案，解决现有技术中无法监测皮带轮中橡胶圈状态、无法及时发现橡胶圈老化失效的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中无法监测皮带轮中橡胶圈状态、无法及时发现橡胶圈老化失效的技术问题，本发明提出了一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监 测系统及监测方法。
本发明提供的一种皮带轮装置，包括：
外轮圈，所述外轮圈的侧面设有第一轮缘，所述第一轮缘设有第一缺口；
轮毂，所述轮毂的侧面设有第二轮缘，所述第二轮缘设有第二缺口；
橡胶圈，所述橡胶圈设于所述外轮圈和所述轮毂之间，所述第一轮缘和所述第二轮缘相较于所述橡胶圈的侧面向外突出；
监测装置，所述监测装置与所述轮毂连接，所述监测装置设有信号收发器，所述信号收发器、所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口共线。
本发明提供的皮带轮装置的进一步改进在于，所述监测装置包括安装座和支臂，所述支臂的一端与所述安装座连接，所述支臂的另一端与所述信号收发器连接，所述安装座设有安装孔，所述安装孔与所述轮毂的轴孔同轴设置。
本发明提供的皮带轮装置的进一步改进在于，所述信号收发器包括信号发送端和信号接收端；
所述信号发送端用于发射第一监测信号，当所述信号收发器、所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口共线时，所述第一监测信号穿过所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口，当所述第二缺口与所述第一缺口错位时，所述第一监测信号经所述第一轮缘反射形成第二监测信号，所述信号接收端用于接收所述第二监测信号。
此外，本发明还提供一种皮带轮失效监测系统，包括电子控制单元和上述的皮带轮装置，所述皮带轮装置的信号收发器与所述电子控制单元信号连接；
所述信号收发器用于在接收到第二监测信号时，将所述第二监测信号发送至所述电子控制单元；
所述电子控制单元用于根据所述信号收发器发送的第二监测信号对所述皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
本发明提供的皮带轮失效监测系统的进一步改进在于，所述电子控制单元包括位移监测模块和控制模块；
所述位移监测模块用于对所述第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号，并将所述位移信号发送至所述控制模块；
所述控制模块用于根据所述位移信号切断对所述皮带轮装置的动力输入。
本发明提供的皮带轮失效监测系统的进一步改进在于，所述控制模块还用于根据所述位移信号触发报警提示。
此外，本发明还提供一种使用上述的皮带轮失效监测系统进行皮带轮失效监测的方法，包括：
利用监测装置的信号收发器获取反馈信号，当获取的反馈信号为第二监测信号时，将所述第二监测信号发送至电子控制单元，所述第二监测信号用于指示皮带轮装置的外轮圈与轮毂发生错位；
所述电子控制单元接收所述第二监测信号，根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
本发明提供的皮带轮失效监测的方法的进一步改进在于，所述根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制包括：
对所述第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号；
根据所述位移信号切断对所述皮带轮装置的动力输入。
本发明提供的皮带轮失效监测的方法的更进一步改进在于，所述根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制还包括：根据所述位移信号触发报警提示。
本发明提供的皮带轮失效监测的方法的进一步改进在于，所述利用监测装置的信号收发器获取反馈信号包括：
当所述信号收发器、第一轮缘的第一缺口和第二轮缘的第二缺口共线时，所述信号收发器的信号发送端发射的第一监测信号穿过所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口，所述信号收发器的信号接收端接收的反馈信号为空；
当所述第二缺口与所述第一缺口错位时，所述信号发送端发射的第一监测信号经所述第一缺口所在的第一轮缘反射形成第二监测信号，所述信号接收端接收的反馈信号为所述第二监测信号。
采用上述技术方案，本发明提供的一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测 系统及监测方法具有如下有益效果：本发明通过监测装置的信号收发器监测第一缺口和第二缺口是否错位，实现了对橡胶圈状态的监测，可以及时监测或发现橡胶圈失效；当橡胶圈失效时，可以及时地控制喷油器断油并且在仪表盘显示警示信息，警示驾驶者车辆存在故障，避免由于橡胶圈失效而产生更严重的车辆损伤或故障，保证行车安全。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1提供的皮带轮装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2提供的皮带轮失效监测系统的控制关系示意图；
图3为本发明实施例3提供的皮带轮失效监测方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了解决现有技术中无法监测皮带轮中橡胶圈状态、无法及时发现橡胶圈老化失效的技术问题，本发明提出了一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法，本发明具体是以如下技术方案实现的。
实施例1：
结合图1所示，本实施例1提供的一种皮带轮装置包括外轮圈10、轮毂20、橡胶圈30和监测装置，外轮圈10的侧面设有第一轮缘11，第一轮 缘11设有第一缺口12，轮毂20的侧面设有第二轮缘21，第二轮缘21设有第二缺口22，橡胶圈30设于外轮圈10和轮毂20之间，第一轮缘11和第二轮缘21相较于橡胶圈30的侧面向外突出，监测装置与轮毂20连接，监测装置设有信号收发器40，信号收发器40、第一缺口12和第二缺口22共线。
在发动机中，皮带轮用于通过皮带带动水泵、发电机等工作。皮带轮穿设在曲轴上，在发动机运行时皮带轮可以随着曲轴转动，冲击力首先传到轮毂20，再转到中间层的减振橡胶圈30，再从橡胶圈30传到外轮圈10；由此，外轮圈10受到的冲击力会因橡胶圈30而减小，从而起到减震的效果。
本实施例1中，监测装置的信号收发器40可以发出第一监测信号，也可以接收第二监测信号，第二监测信号是第一监测信号被反射后形成的。当橡胶圈30没有失效时，由于信号收发器40、第一缺口12和第二缺口22共线，因此信号收发器40发射的第一监测信号可以穿过第一缺口12和第二缺口22，信号收发器40无法接收到第二监测信号(反射信号)。当橡胶圈30没有失效时，信号收发器40、第一缺口12和第二缺口22均位于轮毂20的半径方向上。
当橡胶圈30失效时，轮毂20和外轮圈10之间无法同步旋转，导致第二轮缘21的第二缺口22和第一轮缘11的第一缺口12错位；又由于监测装置与轮毂20连接，因此监测装置可以与轮毂20同步旋转，监测装置的信号收发器40与第二缺口22仍位于轮毂20的半径方向上；由此，信号收发器40发射的第一监测信号穿过第二缺口22后会到达第一轮缘11，第一监测信号被第一轮缘11反射形成第二监测信号，第二监测信号穿过第二缺口22并被信号收发器40接收。信号收发器40接收到第二监测信号，表明橡胶圈30失效。由此，本实施例1通过监测装置的信号收发器40监测第一缺口12和第二缺口22是否错位，实现了对橡胶圈30状态的监测。
本实施例1中，第一轮缘11和第二轮缘21相较于橡胶圈30的侧面向外突出，可以避免橡胶圈30遮挡第一缺口12和第二缺口22，避免橡胶圈30反射第一监测信号。
进一步地，监测装置包括安装座50和支臂，支臂的一端与安装座50连接，支臂的另一端与信号收发器40连接，安装座50设有安装孔，安装孔与轮毂20的轴孔同轴设置。
本实施例1中监测装置的结构适应于发动机结构。曲轴穿过轮毂20的轴孔和安装座50的安装孔，即安装座50和轮毂20均穿设至曲轴外；发动机装配完成后，安装座50可以紧紧抵靠于轮毂20，曲轴旋转时可以带动安装座50和轮毂20进行同步旋转。支臂可以通过焊接的方式连接于安装座50，信号收发器40安装于支臂，安装座50可以带动支臂和信号收发器40旋转，由此信号收发器40和轮毂20可以绕曲轴同步旋转。
本实施例1中安装座50为环状，支臂的第一端、第一缺口12和第二缺口22共线，支臂的第二端与安装座50的曲面相连接。
进一步地，信号收发器40包括信号发送端和信号接收端；信号发送端用于发射第一监测信号，当信号收发器40、第一缺口12和第二缺口22共线时，第一监测信号穿过第一缺口12和第二缺口22，当第二缺口22与第一缺口12错位时，第一监测信号经第一轮缘11反射形成第二监测信号，信号接收端用于接收第二监测信号。
本实施例1中，信号收发器40可以为位置传感器。位置传感器是一种能感受被测物的位置并转换成可用输出信号的传感器，可以分为接触式位置传感器和接近式位置传感器，接触式位置传感器包括行程开关、二维矩阵式位置传感器等，接近式位置传感器包括电磁式、光电式、涡流式、电容式、霍尔式、超声波式位置传感器等。本实施例1中可以使用光电式位置传感器。光电式位置传感器是一种对入射光敏面上的光点位置敏感的光电器件，它是一种基于横向光电效应的光电位置敏感探测器，具有灵敏度高、分辨率高、响应速度快和电路配置简单等特点。光电效应是指由光能变成电能自动放电的现象，具体是指：单位时间内，入射光子的数量愈大，飞逸出的光电子就愈多，光电流也就愈强。较佳地，本实施例1中信号收发器40为无线位置传感器。
实施例2：
结合图2所示，本实施例2提供一种皮带轮失效监测系统包括电子控制单元和实施例1中的皮带轮装置，皮带轮装置的信号收发器40与电子控制单元信号连接；信号收发器40用于在接收到第二监测信号时，将第二监测信号发送至电子控制单元；电子控制单元用于根据信号收发器40发送的第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
电子控制单元具有运算与控制的功能，发动机在运行时，电子控制单元可以通过传感器采集发动机运行的相关信号进行运算，并将运算的结果转变为控制信号，控制被控对象的工作。电子控制单元可以对采集到的信号进行分析，可以根据分析结果对发动机的点火、空燃比(混合气中空气与燃料之间的质量的比例)、怠速(发动机在空档情况下运转)、废气再循环等多项参数进行控制。
本实施例2中，橡胶圈30失效时，信号收发器40接收第二监测信号，并将第二监测信号传输至电子控制单元。电子控制单元可以根据第二监测信号判定橡胶圈30失效，进一步地电子控制单元对皮带轮装置进行保护控制，避免因皮带轮的橡胶圈30失效而造成水泵、发电机等功能性零件失效的问题，避免发动机损毁。
进一步地，电子控制单元包括位移监测模块70和控制模块80；位移监测模块70用于对第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号，并将位移信号发送至控制模块80；控制模块80用于根据位移信号切断对皮带轮装置的动力输入。
本实施例2中，第二监测信号为模拟信号，信号收发器40接收第二监测信号并将第二监测信号发送至位移监测模块70，位移监测模块70可以对第二监测信号进行模数转换处理并生成位移信号，即，将模拟信号类型的第二监测信号转换为数字信号类型的位移信号。本实施例2中，信号收发器40可以为无线位置传感器，信号收发器40和位移监测模块70之间可以通过无线传输方式进行信号传输。本实施例2中位移监测模块70可以与控制模块80集成于一体，两者也可以相互独立设置，只要位移监测模块70能够向控制模块80传输位移信号即可。
本实施例2中，控制模块80可以根据位移信号切断对皮带轮装置的动 力输入，由此实现对皮带轮装置的保护控制。具体地，控制模块80可以通过控制发动机中的喷油器91停止喷油，进而使曲轴停止转动，从而使皮带轮停止转动，避免由于皮带轮在橡胶圈30失效状态下转动而造成的水泵、发电机等功能性零件失效的问题。
发动机中的喷油器91用于将燃油雾化成较细的颗粒，并把它均匀地分布到燃烧室中，以利于将燃油和空气进行均匀混合，促进着火和燃烧。喷油器91包括孔式喷油嘴、液压伺服系统(控制活塞、控制量孔等)、电磁阀。可以通过控制电磁阀的开启和关闭，控制喷油器91将燃油以最佳的喷油定时、喷油量和喷油率喷入燃烧室。喷油器91的喷雾特性包括雾化粒度、油雾分布、油束方向、射程和扩散锥角等，这些特性应符合燃烧系统的要求，以使混合气形成和燃烧完善，并获得较高的功率和热效率。
更进一步地，控制模块80还用于根据位移信号触发报警提示。具体地，控制模块80可以根据位移信号控制仪表盘92显示警示信息；警示信息可以是文字样式，仪表盘92可以显示“皮带轮橡胶圈30失效”等字样；警示信息也可以是图标样式。控制模块80也可以根据位移信号控制语音安全提醒单元93播放安全提示音，语音安全提醒单元93可以向用户播报“皮带轮橡胶圈30失效”的语音信息。
实施例3：
本实施例3提供一种使用实施例2中的皮带轮失效监测系统进行皮带轮失效监测的方法，包括：
步骤S101：利用监测装置的信号收发器40获取反馈信号，当获取的反馈信号为第二监测信号时，将第二监测信号发送至电子控制单元，第二监测信号用于指示皮带轮装置的外轮圈10与轮毂20发生错位；
步骤S102：电子控制单元接收第二监测信号，根据第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
进一步地，根据第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制包括：
对第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号；
根据位移信号切断对皮带轮装置的动力输入。
更进一步地，根据第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制还包括：根据位移信号触发报警提示。
进一步地，利用监测装置的信号收发器40获取反馈信号包括：
当信号收发器40、第一轮缘11的第一缺口12和第二轮缘21的第二缺口22共线时，信号收发器40的信号发送端发射的第一监测信号穿过第一缺口12和第二缺口22，信号收发器40的信号接收端接收的反馈信号为空；
当第二缺口22与第一缺口12错位时，信号发送端发射的第一监测信号经第一缺口12所在的第一轮缘11反射形成第二监测信号，信号接收端接收的反馈信号为第二监测信号。
本实施例3中，当橡胶圈30没有失效时，信号收发器40、第二缺口22与第一缺口12共线，信号收发器40发射第一监测信号，第一监测信号穿过第二缺口22和第一缺口12，信号收发器40无法接收到第二监测信号，此时信号收发器40的信号接收端接收的反馈信号为空，表明信号收发器40没有接收到第二监测信号，橡胶圈30没有失效。
当橡胶圈30失效时，第二缺口22与第一缺口12错位，信号收发器40发射第一监测信号，第一监测信号穿过第二缺口22并被第一轮缘11反射形成第二监测信号，信号收发器40接收到的反馈信号为第二监测信号，表明橡胶圈30失效。电子控制单元可以根据第二监测信号判定橡胶圈30失效，进一步地电子控制单元对皮带轮装置进行保护控制，避免由于皮带轮在橡胶圈30失效状态下转动而造成的水泵、发电机等功能性零件失效的问题，避免发动机损毁。
本发明提供的一种皮带轮装置、皮带轮失效监测系统及监测方法，通过结构设计和增加监测装置(包括位置传感器)，随时监测橡胶圈30是否发生失效，当发生失效时，监测装置同步传输位移信号至电子控制单元，控制喷油器91断油并在仪表盘92通知车主，避免发动机出现更大的故障，避免出现更大的损失。本发明创新点如下：在外轮圈10的第一轮缘11增加第一缺口12，在轮毂20的第二轮缘21增加第二缺口22，轮毂20刚性连接一个带有无线传输功能的位置传感器，第一缺口12、第二缺口22和位 置传感器共线或对齐。正常情况下，位置传感器发出的第一监测信号可以穿过第一缺口12和第二缺口22，不会产生反射信号；当橡胶圈30失效时，第一缺口12和第二缺口22产生相对转动，外轮圈10的第一缺口12旁的第一轮缘11回挡住第一监测信号的通道，将第一监测信号反射，反射后形成的第二监测信号可以被位置传感器接收，此时位置传感器通过无线传输向电子控制单元发送第二监测信号，电子控制单元判定橡胶圈30失效，控制喷油器91断油并在仪表盘92通知车主。
本发明中皮带轮外轮圈10和轮毂20外侧相同位置增加缺口，轮毂20上安装位置传感器，位置传感器带有无线传输功能，位置传感器安装后，信号发送端和信号接收端均正对外轮圈10和轮毂20的缺口位置。发动机运行时，传感器与轮毂20刚性连接，二者可以同步旋转。正常情况下，位置传感器无法接收被反射的信号，所以位置传感器不会向电子控制单元发送信号。当橡胶圈30失效时，外轮圈10和轮毂20产生相对转动，第一缺口12位置偏移，位置传感器可以接收到被反射回来的信号，然后位置传感器再通过无线传输向位移监测模块70发送第二监测信号，位移监测模块70将第二监测信号进行模数转换并得到位移信号，位移监测模块70再向控制模块80发送位移信号。控制模块80根据位移信号控制喷油器91断油并且在仪表盘92显示警示信息，警示驾驶者车辆存在故障。与正常喷油策略相比，喷油器91受到皮带轮橡胶圈30的影响，使喷油控制方式更加安全可靠，避免橡胶圈30老化时喷油器91继续喷油。
本发明的成本低，只需要在现有皮带轮的基础上进行设计变更，增加缺口、位置传感器和安装座50即可，成本变化不大，但可实现监控橡胶圈30状态的功能，防止橡胶圈30失效后继续对发动机造成破坏。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种皮带轮装置，其特征在于，包括：
    外轮圈(10)，所述外轮圈(10)的侧面设有第一轮缘(11)，所述第一轮缘(11)设有第一缺口(12)；
    轮毂(20)，所述轮毂(20)的侧面设有第二轮缘(21)，所述第二轮缘(21)设有第二缺口(22)；
    橡胶圈(30)，所述橡胶圈(30)设于所述外轮圈(10)和所述轮毂(20)之间，所述第一轮缘(11)和所述第二轮缘(21)相较于所述橡胶圈(30)的侧面向外突出；
    监测装置，所述监测装置与所述轮毂(20)连接，所述监测装置设有信号收发器(40)，所述信号收发器(40)、所述第一缺口(12)和所述第二缺口(22)共线。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的皮带轮装置，其特征在于，所述监测装置包括安装座(50)和支臂，所述支臂的一端与所述安装座(50)连接，所述支臂的另一端与所述信号收发器(40)连接，所述安装座(50)设有安装孔，所述安装孔与所述轮毂(20)的轴孔同轴设置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的皮带轮装置，其特征在于，所述信号收发器(40)包括信号发送端和信号接收端；
    所述信号发送端用于发射第一监测信号，当所述信号收发器(40)、所述第一缺口(12)和所述第二缺口(22)共线时，所述第一监测信号穿过所述第一缺口(12)和所述第二缺口(22)，当所述第二缺口(22)与所述第一缺口(12)错位时，所述第一监测信号经所述第一轮缘(11)反射形成第二监测信号，所述信号接收端用于接收所述第二监测信号。
  4. 一种皮带轮失效监测系统，其特征在于，包括电子控制单元和如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的皮带轮装置，所述皮带轮装置的信号收发器 (40)与所述电子控制单元信号连接；
    所述信号收发器(40)用于在接收到第二监测信号时，将所述第二监测信号发送至所述电子控制单元；
    所述电子控制单元用于根据所述信号收发器(40)发送的第二监测信号对所述皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的皮带轮失效监测系统，其特征在于，所述电子控制单元包括位移监测模块(70)和控制模块(80)；
    所述位移监测模块(70)用于对所述第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号，并将所述位移信号发送至所述控制模块(80)；
    所述控制模块(80)用于根据所述位移信号切断对所述皮带轮装置的动力输入。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的皮带轮失效监测系统，其特征在于，所述控制模块(80)还用于根据所述位移信号触发报警提示。
  7. 一种使用如权利要求4至6中任一项所述的皮带轮失效监测系统进行皮带轮失效监测的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    利用监测装置的信号收发器(40)获取反馈信号，当获取的反馈信号为第二监测信号时，将所述第二监测信号发送至电子控制单元，所述第二监测信号用于指示皮带轮装置的外轮圈(10)与轮毂(20)发生错位；
    所述电子控制单元接收所述第二监测信号，根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的皮带轮失效监测的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制包括：
    对所述第二监测信号进行处理，获得位移信号；
    根据所述位移信号切断对所述皮带轮装置的动力输入。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的皮带轮失效监测的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第二监测信号对皮带轮装置进行保护控制还包括：根据所述位移信号触发报警提示。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的皮带轮失效监测的方法，其特征在于，所述利用监测装置的信号收发器(40)获取反馈信号包括：
    当所述信号收发器(40)、第一轮缘(11)的第一缺口(12)和第二轮缘(21)的第二缺口(22)共线时，所述信号收发器(40)的信号发送端发射的第一监测信号穿过所述第一缺口(12)和所述第二缺口(22)，所述信号收发器(40)的信号接收端接收的反馈信号为空；
    当所述第二缺口(22)与所述第一缺口(12)错位时，所述信号发送端发射的第一监测信号经所述第一缺口(12)所在的第一轮缘(11)反射形成第二监测信号，所述信号接收端接收的反馈信号为所述第二监测信号。
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