WO2022012487A1 - 一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012487A1
WO2022012487A1 PCT/CN2021/105878 CN2021105878W WO2022012487A1 WO 2022012487 A1 WO2022012487 A1 WO 2022012487A1 CN 2021105878 W CN2021105878 W CN 2021105878W WO 2022012487 A1 WO2022012487 A1 WO 2022012487A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
discharge
discharge current
voltage
current
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PCT/CN2021/105878
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
瞿松松
冯光文
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Autel Intelligent Technology Corp Ltd
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Autel Intelligent Technology Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery detection method, equipment and storage medium.
  • the battery is a necessary part for the operation of the equipment, such as the most common lead-acid battery used in electric vehicles, etc. It is not only used to start the car, but also to support all the electronic loads on the car, such as ECU. With the use of the battery, the battery may have health problems such as damage, bad cell, insufficient power, etc., which will cause the vehicle to fail to run normally. Therefore, it is extremely important to judge the health status of the battery in advance.
  • the quality of the battery is mainly based on the conductance test to detect the internal resistance of the battery, and then judge the health status of the battery.
  • more and more devices still draw power from the battery even when the vehicle is turned off, which will interfere with the detection of the battery on the vehicle, resulting in inaccurate detection.
  • a battery in good health is misjudged as an aging battery.
  • One object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a battery detection method, device, and storage medium, which can improve anti-noise interference, improve battery detection accuracy, and reduce misjudgment.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery detection method, the method comprising:
  • the internal resistance of the battery is obtained according to the first discharge current, the first discharge voltage, the second discharge current and the second discharge voltage to form a measurement cycle, and the internal resistance is determined according to the internal resistance. State the health status of the battery.
  • the obtaining the first discharge voltage of the battery when the first discharge current is operating includes:
  • the first discharge voltage of the storage battery is obtained after averaging the multiple discharge voltages when the first discharge current is operating.
  • the obtaining of the second discharge voltage of the battery when the second discharge current is operating includes:
  • the second discharge voltage of the storage battery is obtained after averaging the multiple discharge voltages when the second discharge current is operating.
  • the method before the outputting the first drive signal drives the discharge module of the battery to generate the first discharge current, the method further includes:
  • obtaining the internal resistance of the battery according to the first discharge current, the first discharge voltage, the second discharge current and the second discharge voltage includes:
  • V S is the second discharge voltage
  • I L is the second discharge current
  • the specification parameter includes a bias voltage of the battery
  • the obtaining the internal resistance of the battery according to the first discharge current, the first discharge voltage, the second discharge current and the second discharge voltage includes:
  • R L (V L -V bias) / I L
  • R S (V S -V bias )/I S ,
  • V S is the second discharge voltage
  • I L is the second discharge current
  • R L of the battery is in the is the internal resistance value of the battery when the first discharge current is operating
  • R S is the internal resistance value of the battery when the second discharge current is operating.
  • the method further includes:
  • an average internal resistance is obtained, so as to determine the state of health of the battery according to the average internal resistance.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery testing device, and the device includes:
  • a discharge module which is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery to form a discharge circuit of the battery
  • a voltage sampling module which is respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the storage battery, and is used for sampling the discharge voltage of the storage battery;
  • a main controller is connected to the discharge module and the voltage sampling module respectively, and the main controller can execute any one of the methods described above.
  • the device further includes:
  • an input module connected with the main controller, for inputting the specification parameters of the battery
  • a display module connected with the main controller, for displaying the specification parameters and health status of the battery
  • the wireless communication module is connected with the main controller, and is used for sending the specification parameters and health status data of the battery to the cloud for backup.
  • the discharge module includes a current sampling circuit and a load adjustment circuit
  • the first end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, the second end is connected to the main controller, and the third end is connected to the load regulation circuit;
  • the first end of the load regulation circuit is connected to the third end of the current sampling circuit, the second end is connected to the main controller, and the third end is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
  • the current sampling circuit includes a first operational amplifier and a sampling load
  • the reverse input end of the first operational amplifier, one end of the sampling load and the negative electrode of the battery are connected to the first node, the same-direction input end of the first operational amplifier, the other end of the sampling load and the The first end of the load regulation circuit is connected to the second node, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the main controller.
  • the load adjustment circuit includes a second operational amplifier and a MOS transistor
  • the forward input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the main control, the reverse input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the second node, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the MOS the grid of the tube;
  • the source of the MOS transistor is connected to the second node, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
  • the voltage sampling module includes a third operational amplifier, the same-direction input terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the reverse input terminal of the third operational amplifier is connected to the battery's positive terminal.
  • the negative pole is connected, and the output end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the main controller.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer-executable program, and when the computer-executable program is executed by a processor, causes the computer to execute a program such as The method of any of the above.
  • the discharge module respectively outputs the first drive signal and the second drive signal to the discharge module of the battery, so that the discharge module generates the battery respectively.
  • the first discharge current and the second discharge current wherein the first discharge current is greater than the second discharge current, so that by driving the discharge module to generate large and small discharge currents respectively, the large and small discharge current signals are used to reduce other discharge currents on the vehicle. noise interference generated by the equipment; and collect the first discharge voltage and the second discharge voltage of the battery at the first discharge current and the second discharge current, and then, according to the magnitude of the discharge current, the circuit of the discharge module
  • the parameter obtains the internal resistance of the battery, which improves the accuracy of battery detection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a battery detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of another battery detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2c is a schematic structural diagram of another battery detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2d is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a battery detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3a is a schematic flowchart of a battery detection method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3b is a schematic flowchart of another battery detection method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic flowchart of yet another battery detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery will gradually age, and the battery capacity will decrease.
  • the battery capacity may drop in a diving manner, resulting in insufficient load carrying capacity of the battery and may be scrapped at any time. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the health status of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery detection system.
  • the system 100 includes a battery 10 and a battery detection device 20.
  • the battery 10 is electrically connected to the battery detection device 20, and the battery detection device 20 is used for The electrical parameters of the battery 10 are detected to determine the state of health of the battery 10 .
  • the storage battery 10 is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy and realizes recharging through a reversible chemical reaction. That is, when charging, external electrical energy is used to regenerate internal active substances, and electrical energy is stored as chemical energy. Again the chemical energy is converted into electrical output.
  • the battery 10 includes one or more cells, generally the rated voltage of one cell is 2V, and the multiple cells can be connected in series or in parallel, so the rated voltage of the battery 10 can be 2V, 4V, 6V, 8V , 12V, 24V, etc.
  • a vehicle battery generally consists of 6 lead-acid cells in series to form a battery pack with a rated voltage of 12V for small cars, or 12 lead-acid cells in series to form a battery pack with a rated voltage of 24V for large vehicles. It can be understood that the rated voltage of the vehicle battery can also be designed to other specifications according to the actual situation.
  • the state of health of the battery 10 is an index used to evaluate the working ability of the battery 10. For example, the state of health may include whether it is close to being scrapped (bad battery), whether there is a bad cell (bad battery), whether it is in good condition ( good battery) or whether the power is sufficient (insufficient battery), etc.
  • the health state of the battery 10 will affect the electrical parameters of the battery 10 , for example, the voltage will decrease when the battery is damaged.
  • the battery 10 is in an online on-load state, and the on-load state specifically means that the battery 10 is not removed from the vehicle, and the battery 10 is connected to other equipment on the vehicle. There is also a power supply relationship between them. Since the internal resistance of the battery 10 is very small, it is easy to be interfered by the noise of other devices on the vehicle during the detection process, so it is particularly important to reduce the noise interference.
  • the battery testing device 20 is electrically connected to the battery 10, and the battery testing device 20 is used to measure the electrical parameters of the battery 10.
  • the electrical parameters include basic parameters such as voltage and current, and may also include voltage and current derivatives. parameters, such as internal resistance and cold cranking current (Cold Cranking Ampere, CCA). Furthermore, the battery detection device 20 can judge the health state of the battery 10 according to the electrical parameters.
  • the system 100 further includes a Kelvin connector 30 through which the battery detection device 20 and the battery 10 are electrically connected.
  • the battery detection device 20 includes a discharge module 21, a voltage sampling module 22 and a main controller 23, wherein the main controller 23 is connected to the discharge module 21 and the main controller 23 respectively.
  • the voltage sampling module 22 is electrically connected.
  • the discharge module 21 is respectively connected to the positive pole A+ and the negative pole A- of the battery 10 to form a discharge loop of the battery 10, and during the discharge process of the battery 10, detects the voltage signal and/or the discharge of the battery 10. or current signal.
  • a load is set in the discharge circuit, the battery 10 discharges electric energy to the load in the discharge circuit, and by sampling the voltage signal at both ends of the load, according to Ohm's law, the power flowing through the load can be obtained.
  • the current signal is obtained, and then the current signal of the discharge circuit is obtained, and the current signal is also the current flowing from the negative electrode A- to the positive electrode A+ inside the battery 10 under the current load.
  • the discharge module 21 further includes a current sampling circuit 211 and a load adjustment circuit 212 , wherein the first end of the current sampling circuit 211 is connected to the negative electrode A ⁇ of the battery 10 , the second end is connected to the main controller 23 , and the third end is connected to the load regulating circuit 212 .
  • the main controller 23 samples the current signal in the discharge module 21 through the current sampling circuit 211 .
  • the current sampling circuit 211 includes a first operational amplifier U1 and a sampling load R, the reverse input end of the first operational amplifier U1 , one end of the sampling load R and the battery 10
  • the negative pole A- is connected to the first node P1
  • the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1 the other end of the sampling load R and the first end of the load adjustment circuit 212 are connected to the second node P2
  • the output end of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the ADC interface of the main controller 23 .
  • the voltage of the first terminal of the sampling load R is input to the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, and the voltage of the second terminal of the sampling load R is input to the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier U1.
  • the voltage signal at both ends of the sampled load R is obtained, and the voltage signal is sent to the main controller 23.
  • the main controller 23 can determine the resistance value of the sampled load R according to the resistance value of the sampled load R and the The voltage signal can determine the current signal flowing through the sampling load R, that is, the discharge current of the discharge module 21 .
  • the resistance value of the sampling load R is 10m ⁇ .
  • the first end of the load regulation circuit 212 is connected to the third end of the current sampling circuit 211, the second end is connected to the main controller 23, the third end is connected to the positive electrode A+ of the battery 10, and the The main controller 23 outputs a drive signal to the load adjustment circuit 212 according to the current signal sampled by the current sampling circuit 211 to adjust the load loaded by the discharge module 21, and then adjust the current signal of the discharge module 21 so that the The discharge module 21 generates the desired current signal. Therefore, the main controller 23 , the current sampling circuit 211 and the load adjustment circuit 212 form a closed-loop control circuit for the current in the discharge module 21 , which improves the control accuracy and stability of the battery detection device 20 .
  • the load adjustment circuit 212 includes a second operational amplifier U2 and a MOS transistor Q, wherein the forward input end of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the DAC interface of the main controller 23, so The reverse input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the second node P2, the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q; the source of the MOS transistor Q is connected to the The second node P2 is connected, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q is connected to the positive electrode A+ of the battery 10 .
  • the closed-loop control process of the discharge module 21 is as follows:
  • the battery detection device 20 is connected to the battery 21 to provide power for the battery detection device 20.
  • the main controller 23 fails to output the output to the discharge module 21. drive signal, at this time, the MOS transistor Q is in an off state.
  • the main controller 23 sends a driving signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2, the voltage of the second operational amplifier U2 to the driving signal and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2 Processing is performed to output a load adjustment signal to the gate of the MOS transistor Q, so that a voltage difference VGS is formed between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q.
  • the MOS transistor Q When the voltage difference VGS is greater than the turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor Q, the MOS transistor Q is turned on, the discharge module 21 and the battery 10 form a closed loop, and a discharge current signal is generated in the loop , so that the storage battery 10 starts to discharge.
  • the main controller 23 continues to sample the discharge current signal of the discharge module 21 through the current sampling circuit 211. When the discharge current signal does not reach the expected current signal, the The main controller 23 adjusts the output drive signal to control the degree of conduction of the MOS transistor Q. It should be noted that after the MOS transistor Q is saturated and turned on, there is a very small resistance, which is equivalent to a linear resistance, and its resistance value is related to the voltage drop across the MOS transistor Q and the The current of the MOS transistor Q conforms to Ohm's law, so that the discharge current signal of the discharge module 21 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the MOS transistor Q.
  • the main controller 23 can adjust the discharge current signal generated in the discharge module 21 by adjusting the output drive signal. Therefore, the main controller 23 collects the discharge current signal through the current sampling circuit 211 in real time, and outputs a driving signal according to the discharge current signal to adjust the degree of conduction of the MOS transistor Q, thereby adjusting the MOS transistor Q
  • the load loaded on the discharge module 21 is adjusted according to the resistance value formed by the degree of conduction, so that the discharge module 21 can generate a desired discharge current.
  • the discharge module 21 further includes a diode D1, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode A+ of the battery 10, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the MOS transistor Q The drain of the diode D1 is used to prevent the discharge current from flowing back into the battery 10 .
  • the voltage sampling module 22 is respectively connected to the positive pole A+ and the negative pole A- of the battery, and is used for sampling the discharge voltage of the battery. It should be noted that the discharge module 21 and the voltage sampling module 22 are respectively connected to the positive electrode A+ and the negative electrode A- of the battery through different wires, such as the four-wire Kelvin clips listed above, respectively from the The positive electrode A+ and the negative electrode A- of the battery lead out two wires equipped with Kelvin clips, and are electrically connected to the discharge module 21 and the voltage sampling module 22 respectively.
  • the voltage sampling module 22 includes a third operational amplifier U3, the same-direction input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the positive pole A+ of the battery 10, and the third operational amplifier U3 The reverse input terminal of 1 is connected to the negative pole A- of the battery 10 , and the output terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the main controller 23 .
  • the forward input terminal and the reverse input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 are respectively connected to the two poles of the battery 10 , so that the third operational amplifier U3 is used to collect the The discharge voltage is output to the main controller 23 through the output terminal of the third operational amplifier U3, so that the main controller 23 collects the discharge voltage of the battery 10.
  • the load loaded by the discharge module 21 includes the resistance value formed by the sampling load R and the MOS transistor Q according to the degree of conduction, wherein the sampling load R and the MOS transistor Q are formed according to the degree of conduction.
  • the resistance value of is connected in series in the discharge module 21 , so the load loaded by the discharge module 21 is the sum of the resistance values formed by the sampling load R and the MOS transistor Q according to the degree of conduction.
  • the main controller 23 is electrically connected to the discharge module 21 and the voltage sampling module 22 respectively, and is used for outputting a first drive signal to the discharge module 21 to generate a first drive signal in the discharge circuit of the battery 10 .
  • the discharge current is obtained, and the first discharge voltage of the battery 10 when the first discharge current is working is obtained through the voltage sampling module 22;
  • the second discharge current is generated in the discharge loop of the battery, and the second discharge voltage of the battery 10 when the second discharge current is working is obtained through the voltage sampling module 22, and then according to the obtained first discharge current,
  • the first discharge voltage, the second discharge current and the second discharge voltage are used to calculate the internal resistance of the battery 10 in combination with Ohm's law.
  • the main controller 23 includes, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor that supports ADC and DAC conversion functions, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an ARM ( Acorn RISC Machine) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components; can also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller that supports ADC and DAC conversion functions or state machine; may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such supporting ADC and DAC Converting capable computing devices.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ARM Acorn RISC Machine
  • the battery detection device 20 further includes an input module 24, a display module 25, a storage module 26 and a wireless communication module 27, and the main controller 23 also communicates with the input module 24, The display module 25 , the storage module 26 and the wireless communication module 27 are respectively electrically connected.
  • the input module 24 is used to input the specification parameters of the battery 10, preferably, the specification parameters include the factory parameters, rated parameters (including rated voltage), MMY information and VIN code information of the battery 10 and the like. Detect relevant data. After acquiring the specification parameters of the battery 10 , the main controller 23 can know the current working state of the battery 10 by checking the measurement parameters and specification parameters of the battery 10 when detecting the battery 10 .
  • the input module 24 includes but is not limited to external devices such as a mouse and a keyboard.
  • the display module 25 is used to provide the user with the relevant interactive interface when the battery is detected.
  • the main controller 23 displays the battery detection results, work flow, work parameters and information prompts on the display module 25. It is displayed in the display, so that users can quickly understand the relevant information and data of the battery.
  • the storage module 26 is used to save the text, protocols and other related resources required for battery detection, so as to realize the detection of the battery 10 ; at the same time, the storage module 26 is also used to save the detection data of the battery 10 , including the starting characteristic curve of the battery, the voltage change curve, the health inspection record and the calculation result of the battery capacity, etc.
  • the wireless communication module 27 is used for sending the specification parameters and health status data of the battery to the cloud for backup.
  • the wireless communication module 27 includes but is not limited to wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN), Wi-Fi network (Wireless Fidelity), Bluetooth (Bluetooth, BT), global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS), Frequency Modulation (FM), Near Field Communication (NFC), Infrared (IR), etc.
  • a discharge module is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to form a discharge circuit of the battery; and a voltage sampling module is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to sample the discharge voltage of the battery , and further, the main controller generates large and small discharge currents by driving the discharge modules respectively, and reduces the noise interference generated by other equipment on the vehicle through the large and small discharge current signals; and collects the discharge voltage of the battery at the large and small discharge currents, Furthermore, the internal resistance of the battery is obtained according to the circuit parameters of the discharge module when the magnitude of the discharge current is large, which improves the accuracy of battery detection.
  • the detection method of the embodiment of the present invention uses the voltage drop value of the detection battery to confirm whether the battery needs to be replaced, so it is applicable to any suitable circuit that can detect the voltage drop of the battery.
  • the detection device is only one of the implementations.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic flowchart of a battery detection method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method can be applied to any suitable battery detection circuit, for example, the battery detection device described in any of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3a
  • the detection method includes:
  • the first discharge current is a current value preset by the user according to the current when the battery is loaded. In order to reduce noise interference caused by the battery being loaded, the first discharge current is at least greater than the battery capacity load current.
  • the first discharge current can be preset according to the needs of the user, and is preferably 60A.
  • the first discharge voltage refers to the voltage difference between the positive and negative poles of the battery when the current in the discharge module is the first discharge current.
  • step S32 includes:
  • the first preset time refers to the duration during which the battery is discharged at the first discharge current.
  • the preset duration is in the millisecond level, preferably 3-100ms, for example, the first preset duration is 3ms, 10ms, or 50ms.
  • the preset duration is related to the discharge current. For example, when the discharge current is relatively large, a shorter preset duration can be selected for discharging.
  • the state of health of the battery to be tested is detected by discharging within a short preset time. On the one hand, the detection time is saved, the health state of the battery to be tested can be quickly determined, and the detection efficiency is improved. Setting the time length to the millisecond level and the short discharge time can prevent the battery to be tested from generating a large amount of heat, so that no additional heat dissipation device is required during the detection process.
  • the plurality of discharge voltages are obtained by sampling the discharge voltages within a first preset time at a certain sampling rate when the first discharge current is operating. For example, 50 discharge voltages are collected in a preset duration of 20ms for discharging the battery, an average value of the plurality of discharge voltages is calculated, and the average value is used as the first discharge voltage.
  • the first preset time is accumulated by means of a timer, and when the discharge time of the battery reaches the duration of the first preset time, the timer reaches a set stop threshold, and the battery is triggered to stop discharge.
  • the duration of the first preset time that is, during the discharge of the battery, counting is performed at the sampling rate by means of a counter. If the stop threshold set in the timer is exceeded, the data collection will be stopped.
  • the risk of errors can be reduced, and the discharge voltage can be eliminated.
  • Abnormal data increase the accuracy of discharge voltage.
  • the second discharge current is a current value preset by the user according to the current when the battery is loaded, wherein the first discharge current is greater than the second discharge current.
  • the first discharge current is at least 5A larger than the second discharge current.
  • the second discharge current can be preset according to the needs of the user, and is preferably 20A.
  • the second discharge voltage refers to the voltage difference between the positive and negative poles of the battery when the current in the discharge module is the second discharge current.
  • step S34 includes:
  • the second preset time refers to the duration during which the battery is discharged at the second discharge current.
  • the preset duration is in milliseconds, preferably 3-100ms, for example, the second preset duration is 5ms, 20ms, or 30ms.
  • the first preset time and the second preset time may be set to the same time during setting, and may be specifically set according to user requirements.
  • the plurality of discharge voltages are obtained by sampling the discharge voltages within a second preset time at a certain sampling rate when the second discharge current is operating. For example, 30 discharge voltages are collected in a preset duration of 10ms for discharging the battery, an average value of the plurality of discharge voltages is calculated, and the average value is used as the second discharge voltage.
  • the risk of errors can be reduced, and the discharge voltage can be eliminated.
  • Abnormal data increase the accuracy of discharge voltage.
  • the sequence of steps S31, S32 and steps S33, S34 can be exchanged, that is, the sequence of the above steps can be S31, S32, S33, S34, in this control step, the battery detection The device first collects the first discharge voltage when the discharge current is large, and then collects the second discharge voltage when the discharge current is small; it can also be S33, S34, S31, S32, so the battery detection device first collects the small discharge current The second discharge voltage at the time of discharge, and then the first discharge voltage at the time of large discharge current is collected.
  • the state of health of the battery refers to whether the battery can still drive other equipment in the vehicle to operate normally, and the evaluation parameters of the state of health mainly include the internal resistance of the battery, battery capacity, CCA parameters, and the like.
  • the internal resistance of the battery refers to the resistance received by the current flowing through the battery when the battery is working. The smaller the internal resistance of the storage battery is, the stronger the discharge capacity of the storage battery is, and the more sufficient the discharge is. Conversely, the greater the internal resistance of the battery, the weaker the discharge capacity of the battery.
  • the health status of the battery can be judged by obtaining the internal resistance value of the battery.
  • the internal resistance R of the battery is calculated by the following formula:
  • V S is the second discharge voltage
  • I L is the second discharge current
  • the battery's Therefore, the detection accuracy of the internal resistance of the battery is improved, and the accurate measurement of the internal resistance of the battery under the on-line load state is realized.
  • the method further includes:
  • the specification parameters include the factory parameters of the battery 10, rated parameters (including rated voltage), MMY information and VIN code information and other data related to detection,
  • the rated parameter refers to the rated value that the battery can achieve during normal operation, such as rated voltage, rated current, battery capacity, and the like.
  • the factory parameters include inherent parameters, and the inherent parameters refer to the parameters brought about by the structure of the battery that will not change due to the use time or method, for example, the bias voltage of the battery, generally, so The bias voltage of the battery is obtained by calibration when the battery leaves the factory.
  • the specification parameter includes the bias voltage of the battery; in order to improve the accuracy of the internal resistance detection of the battery, the first discharge current, the first discharge voltage, After the second discharge current and the second discharge voltage, the internal resistance R of the battery is calculated according to the following formula:
  • R L (V L -V bias) / I L
  • R S (V S -V bias )/I S ,
  • V S is the second discharge voltage
  • I L is the second discharge current
  • R L of the battery is in the is the internal resistance value of the battery when the first discharge current is operating
  • R S is the internal resistance value of the battery when the second discharge current is operating.
  • the value of the bias voltage is subtracted from the discharge voltage, and then the value of the bias voltage is subtracted from the discharge voltage.
  • Ohm's law calculates the internal resistance value of the battery, and further averages the internal resistance values obtained at high current and low current to obtain the internal resistance value of the battery, thereby improving the detection of the internal resistance of the battery precision.
  • steps S31-S35 the internal resistance detection of the battery is completed, therefore, the above-mentioned steps S31-S35 can be used as a measurement cycle of the battery detection.
  • the measurement cycles are repeated for a plurality of times, so as to obtain multiple internal resistance values of the battery; and the multiple internal resistance values are averaged After the value is processed, the average internal resistance of the battery is obtained, and then the state of health of the battery is determined according to the average internal resistance.
  • the CCA parameter of the battery is calculated according to the internal resistance value, so that the state of health of the battery is judged according to the CCA parameter.
  • the CCA parameter may be CCA or CCA percentage, wherein the CCA (Cold Cranking Ampere) is the cold cranking current of the battery, which refers to a specified low temperature state (usually specified at 0°F or -17.8°C). ) The amount of current released by the battery for 30 consecutive seconds before the voltage drops to the limit feeding voltage.
  • a 12V battery has a CCA of 550, which means that the battery can provide a current of 550A for 30 seconds before the voltage drops to 7.2V after being fully charged and standing at -17.8°C for 24 hours.
  • the percent CCA is the ratio between the measured CCA and the rated CCA.
  • the first driving signal and the second driving signal are respectively output to the discharging module of the battery, so that the discharging module generates the first discharging current and the second discharging current respectively, wherein the first discharging current and the second discharging current are respectively generated by the discharging module.
  • the first discharge current is greater than the second discharge current, so that the discharge modules are driven to generate large and small discharge currents, and the large and small discharge current signals are used to reduce noise interference generated by other equipment on the vehicle;
  • the first discharge voltage and the second discharge voltage when the discharge current and the second discharge current are present, and further, the internal resistance of the battery is obtained according to the circuit parameters of the discharge module when the discharge current is large and small, which improves the accuracy of battery detection. sex.
  • the apparatus or device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the unit modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as modular units may or may not be physical units , that is, it can be located in one place, or it can be distributed to multiple network module units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by one or more processors, for example, to execute the above The method steps of Figures 3a to 3c are described.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, where the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the The computer executes the ontology construction method in any of the above method embodiments, for example, executes the method steps of FIGS. 3 a to 3 c described above.

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Abstract

一种蓄电池检测方法，涉及电池技术领域，通过分别向蓄电池的放电模块输出第一驱动信号和第二驱动信号，以使放电模块分别产生第一放电电流和第二放电电流，其中，第一放电电流大于第二放电电流，从而，通过驱动放电模块分别产生大小放电电流，通过大小放电电流信号来降低车辆上其他设备产生的噪声干扰；并采集蓄电池在第一放电电流和第二放电电流时的第一放电电压和第二放电电压，进而，根据大小放电电流时放电模块的电路参数获取蓄电池的内阻，提高了蓄电池检测的准确性。一种蓄电池检测设备及一种存储介质。

Description

一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质
本申请要求于2020年7月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010670555.2、申请名称为“一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质。
背景技术
电池是设备运行的必要部件，如最常见的用于电动汽车的铅酸蓄电池等，不仅仅用于启动汽车，还用于支持汽车上所有的电子负载，例如ECU等。随着蓄电池的使用，蓄电池可能出现损坏、坏格、电量不足等健康问题，导致车辆无法正常运行，因此，能预先判断蓄电池的健康状态极为重要。
一般地，蓄电池的好坏主要是采用电导测试以检测出蓄电池的内阻，进而判断蓄电池的健康状态。然而，随着汽车的智能化发展，越来越多的设备即使在车辆熄火时，仍然从蓄电池取电，这将会对车辆上蓄电池的检测产生干扰，导致检测的不准确，严重时会将健康状态良好的蓄电池误判为老化电池。
发明内容
本发明实施例的一个目的旨在提供一种蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质，其能够提升抗噪声干扰，提高蓄电池检测的准确性，减少误判。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供以下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种蓄电池检测方法，所述方法包括：
输出第一驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第一放电电流；
获取所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压；
输出第二驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第二放电电流，其中，所述第一放电电流大于所述第二放电电流；
获取所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压；
根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，以形成一个测量周期，并根据所述内阻确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
可选地，所述获取所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压，包括：
控制所述放电模块在所述第一放电电流下工作第一预设时间；
在所述第一预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
将所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第一放电电压。
可选地，所述获取所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压，包括：
控制所述放电模块在所述第二放电电流下工作第二预设时间；
在所述第二预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
将所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第二放电电压。
可选地，所述输出第一驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第一放电电流之前，所述方法还包括：
获取所述蓄电池的规格参数。
可选地，所述根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，包括：
根据下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
Figure PCTCN2021105878-appb-000001
其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，I L为所述第二放电电流。
可选地，所述规格参数包括所述蓄电池的偏置电压；
所述根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，包括：
根据下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
R L＝(V L-V 偏)/I L,
R S＝(V S-V 偏)/I S,
R＝(R L+R S)/2,
其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，I L为所述第二放电电流,R L为所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的内阻值，R S为所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的内阻值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
重复多个所述测量周期，以获取多个所述蓄电池的内阻；
将多个所述内阻做均值处理后得到平均内阻，以根据所述平均内阻确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种蓄电池检测设备所述设备包括：
放电模块，分别与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，形成所述蓄电池的放电回路；
电压采样模块，分别与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，用于采样所述蓄电池的放电电压；
主控制器，分别与所述放电模块及所述电压采样模块连接，所述主控制器可执行上述任一项所述的方法。
可选地，所述设备还包括：
输入模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于输入所述蓄电池的规格参数；
显示模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于显示所述蓄电池的规格参数及健康状态；
无线通讯模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于将所述蓄电池的规格参数及健康状态数据发送至云端备份。
可选地，所述放电模块包括电流采样电路和负载调节电路；
所述电流采样电路的第一端与所述蓄电池的负极连接，第二端与所述主控制器连接，第三端与所述负载调节电路连接；
所述负载调节电路的第一端与所述电流采样电路的第三端连接，第二端与所述主控制器连接，第三端与所述蓄电池的正极连接。
可选地，所述电流采样电路包括第一运放和采样负载；
所述第一运放的反向输入端、所述采样负载的一端及所述蓄电池的负极连接于第一节点，所述第一运放的同向输入端、所述采样负载的另一端及所述负载调节电路的第一端连接于第二节点，所述第一运放的输出端与所述主控制器连接。
可选地，所述负载调节电路包括第二运放和MOS管；
所述第二运放的正向输入端与所述主控制连接，所述第二运放的反向输入端与所述第二节点连接，所述第二运放的输出端与所述MOS管的栅极；
所述MOS管的源极与所述第二节点连接，所述MOS管的漏极与所述蓄电池的正极连接。
可选地，所述电压采样模块包括第三运放，所述第三运放的同向输入端与所述蓄电池的正极连接，所述第三运放的反向输入端与所述蓄电池的负极连接，所述第三运放的输出端与所述主控制器连接。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行程序，当所述计算机可执行程序被处理器执行时，使所述计算机执行如上述任一项所述的方法。
相对于传统技术，在本发明各实施例提供的蓄电池检测方法、设备及存储介质，通过分别向所述蓄电池的放电模块输出第一驱动信号和第二驱动信号，以使所述放电模块分别产生第一放电电流和第二放电电流，其中，所述第一放电电流大于所述第二放电电流，从而，通过驱动所述放电模块分别产生大小放电电流，通过大小放电电流信号来降低车辆上其他设备产生的噪声干扰；并采集所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流和所述第二放电电流时的第一放电电压和第二放电电压，进而，根据大小放电电流时所述放电模块的电路参数获取所述蓄电池的内阻，提高了蓄电池检测的准确性。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种蓄电池检测系统的结构示意图；
图2a为本发明实施例提供的一种蓄电池检测设备的结构示意图；
图2b为本发明实施例提供的又一蓄电池检测设备的结构示意图；
图2c为本发明实施例提供的又一蓄电池检测设备的结构示意图；
图2d为本发明实施例提供的蓄电池检测设备的电路结构示意图；
图3a为本发明实施例提供的一种蓄电池检测方法的流程示意图；
图3b为本发明实施例提供又一蓄电池检测方法的流程示意图；
图3c为本发明实施例提供又一蓄电池检测方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
可以理解的，随着蓄电池的使用，蓄电池会逐渐老化，电池容量会降低。当电池容量低于额定电池容量的80％时，电池容量可能呈跳水式下降，导致蓄电池的带载能力不足，随时可能出现报废。因此，了解蓄电池的健康状态显的尤为重要。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供的一种蓄电池检测系统，系统100包括蓄电池10及蓄电池检测设备20，所述蓄电池10与所述蓄电池检测设备20电连接，所述蓄电池检测设备20用于检测所述蓄电池10的电学参数，以确定所述蓄电池10的健康状态。
所述蓄电池10是将化学能直接转化成电能，并且通过可逆的化学反应实现再充电的一种装置，即充电时利用外部的电能使内部活性物质再生，把电能存储为化学能，需要放电时再次把化学能转换为电能输出。所述蓄电池10包括一个或多个单元格，一般一个单元格的额定电压为2V，所述多个单元格可串联或并联，则所述蓄电池10的额定电压可以为2V，4V、6V、8V、12V、24V等。例如，车辆蓄电池一般是6个铅蓄单元格串联形成额定电压12V的电池组， 用于小型车，或，是12个铅蓄单元格串联形成额定电压24V的电池组，用于大型车。可以理解的是，所述车辆蓄电池也可根据实际情况，将额定电压设计成其它规格。
在蓄电池10经历多次充放电后，可能出现损耗、坏格(单元格损坏)、电量不足等健康问题，导致车辆无法正常运行，因此，能预先判断蓄电池10的健康状态极为重要，能让用户清楚了解到蓄电池10的情况，从而避免启动运行风险。所述蓄电池10的健康状态是用于评价所述蓄电池10的工作能力的指标，例如，所述健康状态可以包括是否接近报废(坏蓄电池)、是否出现坏格(坏格蓄电池)、是否完好(好蓄电池)或电量是否充足(电量不足蓄电池)等。蓄电池10的健康状态，会影响蓄电池10的电学参数，例如坏格时电压会降低等。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，所述蓄电池10为在线带载状态，所述带载状态具体是指所述蓄电池10未从车辆中拆卸，所述蓄电池10与车辆上的其他设备之间还存在供电关系。由于所述蓄电池10的内阻很小，在检测过程中很容易受到车辆上其他设备的噪声干扰，因此，减小噪声干扰就显得尤为重要。
所述蓄电池检测设备20与所述蓄电池10电连接，所述蓄电池检测设备20用于测量所述蓄电池10的电学参数，所述电学参数包括电压、电流等基础参数，还可以包括电压、电流衍生出的参数，例如内阻和冷起动电流(Cold Cranking Ampere，CCA)等。进而，所述蓄电池检测设备20根据所述电学参数，即可判断所述蓄电池10的健康状态。
在一些实施例中，所述系统100还包括开尔文连接器30，所述蓄电池检测设备20与所述蓄电池10通过所述开尔文连接器30进行电连。
具体的，请一并参阅图2a至图2d，所述蓄电池检测设备20包括放电模块21、电压采样模块22及主控制器23，其中，所述主控制器23分别与所述放电模块21及所述电压采样模块22电连接。
放电模块21分别与所述蓄电池10的正极A+和负极A-连接，形成所述蓄电池10的放电回路，并在所述蓄电池10的放电过程中，检测所述蓄电池10放电时的电压信号和/或电流信号。具体的，在所述放电回路中设置有负载，所述蓄电池10向所述放电回路中的负载释放电能，通过采样所述负载两端的电压信号，根据欧姆定律即可得到流经所述负载的电流信号，进而获得所述放电回路的电流信号，所述电流信号亦为当前负载时所述蓄电池10内部的由负极A-流向正极A+的电流。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图2b，所述放电模块21还包括电流采样电路211及负载调节电路212，其中，所述电流采样电路211的第一端与所述蓄电池10的负极A-连接，第二端与所述主控制器23连接，第三端与所述负载调节电路212连接。所述主控制器23通过所述电流采样电路211采样所述放电模块21中的电流信号。
具体的，请参阅图2d，所述电流采样电路211包括第一运放U1和采样负载R，所述第一运放U1的反向输入端、所述采样负载R的一端及所述蓄电池10的负极A-连接于第一节点P1，所述第一运放U1的同向输入端、所述采样负载R的另一端及所述负载调节电路212的第一端连接于第二节点P2，所述第一运放U1的输出端与所述主控制器23的ADC接口连接。从而，所述采样负载R的第一端电压输入所述第一运放U1的同相端，所述采样负载R的第二端电压输入所述第一运放U1的反相端，经所述第一运放U1处理后，得到采样负载R两端的电压信号，并将所述电压信号发送给所述主控制器23，于是，所述主控制器23根据所述采样负载R的阻值以及所述电压信号即可确定流过采样负载R的电流信号，即所述放电模块21的放电电流。优选的，所述采样负载R的阻值为10mΩ。
所述负载调节电路212的第一端与所述电流采样电路211的第三端连接，第二端与所述主控制器23连接，第三端与所述蓄电池10的正极A+连接，所述主控制器23根据所述电流采样电路211采样的电流信号，输出驱动信号至所述负载调节电路212，以调节所述放电模块21加载的负载，进而调节所述放电模块21的电流信号，使所述放电模块21产生期望的电流信号。从而，所述主控制器23、所述电流采样电路211及所述负载调节电路212构成所述放电模块21中电流的闭环控制电路，提高了所述蓄电池检测设备20的控制精度及稳定性。
请继续参阅图2d，所述负载调节电路212包括第二运放U2和MOS管Q,其中，所述第二运放U2的正向输入端与所述主控制器23的DAC接口连接，所述第二运放U2的反向输入端与所述第二节点P2连接，所述第二运放U2的输出端与所述MOS管Q的栅极；所述MOS管Q的源极与所述第二节点P2连接，所述MOS管Q的漏极与所述蓄电池10的正极A+连接。
在具体操作时，所述放电模块21的闭环控制过程如下：
所述蓄电池检测设备20与所述蓄电池21连接，以为所述蓄电池检测设备20提供电能，在所述蓄电池检测设备20初上电时，所述主控制器23未能向所述放电模块21输出驱动信号，此时，所述MOS管Q处于断开状态。当所述主控制器23发送驱动信号至所述第二运放U2的同相输入端时，所述第二运放U2对所述驱动信号及所述第二运放U2的反向输入端电压进行处理，输出负载调节信号至所述MOS管Q的栅极，从而所述MOS管Q的栅极和源极之间形成电压差VGS。当所述电压差VGS大于所述MOS管Q的导通电压时，所述MOS管Q导通，所述放电模块21与所述蓄电池10构成闭合回路，并在所述回路中产生放电电流信号，从而所述蓄电池10开始放电。
所述MOS管Q导通后，所述主控制器23继续通过所述电流采样电路211采样所述放电模块21的放电电流信号，当所述放电电流信号未达到预期的电流信号时，所述主控制器23调节输出的驱动信号以控制所述MOS管Q的导通程度。应该说明的是，MOS管Q在饱和导通后，存在一个阻值极小的电阻，其 该电阻等效于一个线性电阻，其阻值与所述MOS管Q两端的压降及流经所述MOS管Q的电流符合欧姆定律，从而，通过调节所述MOS管Q的电阻值即可调节所述放电模块21的放电电流信号。因此，所述主控制器23通过调节输出的驱动信号即可调节所述放电模块21中产生的放电电流信号。从而，所述主控制器23实时通过所述电流采样电路211采集放电电流信号，并根据所述放电电流信号输出驱动信号以调节所述MOS管Q的导通程度，从而调节所述MOS管Q根据导通程度形成的电阻值，进而调节所述放电模块21加载的负载，从而使所述放电模块21产生期望的放电电流。
在又一些实施例中，所述放电模块21还包括二级管D1，所述二级管D1的正极连接所述蓄电池10的正极A+，所述二级管D1的负极连接所述MOS管Q的漏极，所述二级管D1用于防止所述放电电流倒灌回所述蓄电池10。
所述电压采样模块22分别与所述蓄电池的正极A+和负极A-连接，用于采样所述蓄电池的放电电压。应该说明的是，所述放电模块21与所述电压采样模块22分别通过不同的导线与所述蓄电池的正极A+和负极A-连接，例如上述所列举的四线制开尔文夹子，分别从所述蓄电池的正极A+和负极A-引出两条配置有开尔文夹子的导线，并分别与所述放电模块21、所述电压采样模块22电连。
具体的，请参阅图2d，所述电压采样模块22包括第三运放U3，所述第三运放U3的同向输入端与所述蓄电池10的正极A+连接，所述第三运放U3的反向输入端与所述蓄电池10的负极A-连接，所述第三运放U3的输出端与所述主控制器23连接。在本实施例中，所述第三运放U3的正向输入端和反向输入端分别连接于所述蓄电池10的两极，从而，所述第三运放U3用于采集所述蓄电池10的放电电压，并通过所述第三运放U3的输出端输出至所述主控制器23，以使所述主控制器23采集到所述蓄电池10的放电电压。
应该说明的是，所述放电模块21加载的负载包括所述采样负载R及所述MOS管Q根据导通程度形成的电阻值，其中，所述采样负载R与MOS管Q根据导通程度形成的电阻值串联在所述放电模块21中，于是，所述放电模块21加载的负载大小为采样负载R与MOS管Q根据导通程度形成的电阻值之和。
所述主控制器23分别与所述放电模块21、所述电压采样模块22电连接，用于向所述放电模块21输出第一驱动信号，以在所述蓄电池10的放电回路中产生第一放电电流，并通过所述电压采样模块22获取所述蓄电池10在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压；再向所述放电模块21输出第二驱动信号，以在所述蓄电池10的放电回路中产生第二放电电流，并通过所述电压采样模块22获取所述蓄电池10在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压，进而根据获得的所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压，并结合欧姆定律计算出所述蓄电池10的内阻。
其中，所述主控制器23包括但不限于是支持ADC及DAC转换功能的通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA)、ARM(Acorn RISC Machine)或其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或晶体管逻辑、分立的硬件组件或者这些部件的任何组合；还可以是任何传统的支持ADC及DAC转换功能的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机；也可以被实现为计算设备的组合，例如，DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、一个或多个微处理器结合DSP核、或任何其它这种支持ADC及DAC转换功能的计算设备。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图2c，所述蓄电池检测设备20还包括输入模块24、显示模块25、存储模块26及无线通讯模块27，所述主控制器23还与所述输入模块24、所述显示模块25、存储模块26及所述无线通讯模块27分别电连。
其中，所述输入模块24用于输入所述蓄电池10的规格参数，优选地，所述规格参数包括所述蓄电池10的出厂参数、额定参数(包括额定电压)、MMY信息及VIN码信息等与检测相关的数据。主控制器23获取到所述蓄电池10的规格参数后，可以在检测所述蓄电池10时，通过校对所述蓄电池10的测量参数与规格参数了解所述蓄电池10当前的工作状态。所述输入模块24包括但不限于是鼠标、键盘等外部设备。
所述显示模块25用于为用户提供所述蓄电池检测时的相关交互界面，所述主控制器23将所述蓄电池的检测结果、工作流程、工作参数及信息提示等内容在所述显示模块25中进行展示，以方便用户快速了解所述蓄电池的相关信息及数据。
所述存储模块26用于保存蓄电池检测时所需要的文本、协议及其他相关资源，以实现对所述蓄电池10的检测；同时，所述存储模块26还用于保存所述蓄电池10的检测数据，包括蓄电池的启动特征曲线、电压变化曲线、健康检测记录及电池容量计算结果等。
所述无线通讯模块27则用于将所述蓄电池的规格参数及健康状态数据发送至云端进行备份。其中，所述无线通讯模块27包括但不限于是无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)、Wi-Fi网络(Wireless Fidelity)、蓝牙(Bluetooth，BT)、全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS)，调频(Frequency Modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(Near Field Communication，NFC)，红外技术(Infrared,IR)等。
在本发明实施例中，通过放电模块与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，形成所述蓄电池的放电回路；通过电压采样模块与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，从而采样所述蓄电池的放电电压，进而，所述主控制器通过驱动所述放电模块分别产生大小放电电流，通过大小放电电流信号来降低车辆上其他设备产生的噪声干扰；并采集所述蓄电池在大小放电电流时的放电电压，进而，根据大小放电电流时所述放电模块的电路参数获取所述蓄电池的内阻，提高了蓄电池检测的准确性。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例的检测方法利用检测蓄电池的压降值确认蓄 电池是否需要被替换，因此适用于任何合适的可以检测蓄电池压降的电路，本发明任一实施例所述的蓄电池检测设备仅为其中一种实现方式。
请参阅图3a，为本发明实施例提供的一种蓄电池检测方法的流程示意图，该方法可以应用于任何合适的电池检测电路，例如，上述任一实施例所述的蓄电池检测设备，如图3a所示，应用于在线带载的车辆蓄电池，所述检测方法包括：
S31、输出第一驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第一放电电流；
S32、获取所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压；
其中，所述第一放电电流为用户根据所述蓄电池带载时的电流进行预设的电流值，为了降低所述蓄电池带载产生的噪声干扰，所述第一放电电流至少大于所述蓄电池带载时的电流。
在一些实施例中，所述第一放电电流可以根据用户的需要预先进行设定，优选为60A。
所述第一放电电压是指所述放电模块中的电流为所述第一放电电流时，所述蓄电池正负两极的压差。
为了使所述第一放电电压的检测数据更加稳定和准确，在一些实施例中，请参阅图3b，步骤S32包括：
S321、控制所述放电模块在所述第一放电电流下工作第一预设时间；
其中，第一预设时间是指所述蓄电池以所述第一放电电流进行放电的持续时间。在一些实施例中，所述预设时长为毫秒级，优选为3-100ms，例如所述第一预设时间为3ms、10ms或50ms等。所述预设时长与所述放电电流有关，例如，当所述放电电流较大时，可选用较短的预设时长进行放电。通过较短的预设时长进行放电，检测待测蓄电池的健康状态，一方面，节省了检测时间，可快速确定所述待测蓄电池的健康状态，提高了检测效率，另一方面，所述预设时长为毫秒级，放电时间短，可避免所述待测蓄电池产生大量的热，从而，在检测的过程中，不需要额外的散热装置。
S322、在所述第一预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
S323、将所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第一放电电压；
所述多个放电电压是指所述第一放电电流工作时，按一定的采样率在第一预设时间内对所述放电电压进行采数而得到的。例如，在所述蓄电池放电的预设时长20ms中采集50个放电电压，计算所述多个放电电压的平均值，并将所述平均值作为所述第一放电电压。
具体的，通过定时器的方式累计第一预设时间，当所述蓄电池的放电时间达到所述第一预设时间的时长时，所述定时器达到设定的停止阈值，触发所述蓄电池停止放电。在所述第一预设时间的时长内，即所述蓄电池放电的过程中，通过计数器的方式按采样率进行计数，例如，每隔所述采样率采一次数，直到 所述计数器达到所述定时器中设定的停止阈值，则停止采数。
在本发明实施例中，通过在第一预设时间内采集多个所述蓄电池的放电电压，并将所述多个放电电压的平均值作为所述第一放电电压，可减少误差风险，排出异常数据，增加放电电压的准确性。
S33、输出第二驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第二放电电流；
S34、获取所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压；
与所述第一放电电流相同的，所述第二放电电流为用户根据所述蓄电池带载时的电流进行预设的电流值，其中，所述第一放电电流大于所述第二放电电流。作为优选的，所述第一放电电流至少比所述第二放电电流大5A。
在又一些实施例中，所述第二放电电流可以根据用户的需要预先进行设定，优选为20A。
所述第二放电电压是指所述放电模块中的电流为所述第二放电电流时，所述蓄电池正负两极的压差。
为了使所述第一放电电压的检测数据更加稳定和准确，在一些实施例中，请参阅图3c，步骤S34包括：
S341、控制所述放电模块在所述第二放电电流下工作第二预设时间；
S342、在所述第二预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
S343、将所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第二放电电压；
其中，第二预设时间是指所述蓄电池以所述第二放电电流进行放电的持续时间。在一些实施例中，所述预设时长为毫秒级，优选为3-100ms，例如所述第二预设时间为5ms、20ms或30ms等。应该说明的是，所述第一预设时间及所述第二预设时间可以在设置时可以设置为相同的时间，具体可以根据用户的需求进行设定。
所述多个放电电压是指所述第二放电电流工作时，按一定的采样率在第二预设时间内对所述放电电压进行采数而得到的。例如，在所述蓄电池放电的预设时长10ms中采集30个放电电压，计算所述多个放电电压的平均值，并将所述平均值作为所述第二放电电压。
在本发明实施例中，通过在第二预设时间内采集多个所述蓄电池的放电电压，并将所述多个放电电压的平均值作为所述第二放电电压，可减少误差风险，排出异常数据，增加放电电压的准确性。
应该说明的是，上述步骤中，步骤S31、S32与步骤S33、S34的顺序可以进行调换，亦即，上述步骤的循序可以是S31、S32、S33、S34，该控制步骤时，所述蓄电池检测设备中先采集大放电电流时的第一放电电压，再采集小放电电流时的第二放电电压；也可以是S33、S34、S31、S32，从而，所述蓄电池检测设备中先采集小放电电流时的第二放电电压，再采集大放电电流时的第一放电电压。
S35、根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，以形成一个测量周期，并根据所述内阻确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
所述蓄电池的健康状态是指所述蓄电池是否还能够带动车辆中其他设备正常运行，所述健康状态的评价参数主要包括所述蓄电池的内阻值、电池容量、CCA参数等。其中，所述蓄电池的内阻是指蓄电池工作时，电流流过所述蓄电池内部所受到的阻力。所述蓄电池的内阻越小，所述蓄电池的放电能力越强，放电越充分。相反的，所述蓄电池的内阻越大，则所述蓄电池的放电能力越弱。
因此，可通过获取所述蓄电池的内阻值判断所述蓄电池的健康状况。在一些实施例中，获取所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压后，通过下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
Figure PCTCN2021105878-appb-000002
其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，为I L所述第二放电电流。
在本实施例中，通过将所述第一放电电流、所述第二放电电流、所述第一放电电压和所述第二放电电压分别进行差分运算后，根据欧姆定律计算出所述蓄电池的内阻，从而提高了所述蓄电池内阻的检测精度，实现了对所述蓄电池在线带载状态下的内阻的准确测量。
可以理解的，在启动所述蓄电池的检测方法之前，所述方法还包括：
S30、获取所述蓄电池的规格参数。
其中，所述规格参数包括所述蓄电池10的出厂参数、额定参数(包括额定电压)、MMY信息及VIN码信息等与检测相关的数据，
所述额定参数是指所述蓄电池在正常工作时的所能达到的额定值，例如，额定电压、额定电流、电池容量等。所述出厂参数包括固有参数，所述固有参数是指所述蓄电池本身的结构带来的不会由于使用时长或方法而发生改变的参数，例如，所述蓄电池的偏置电压，一般的，所述蓄电池出厂时通过校准的方式来获取所述蓄电池的偏置电压。
因此，在又一些实施例中，所述规格参数包括所述蓄电池的偏置电压；为了提高所述蓄电池的内阻检测的准确性，获取所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压之后，根据下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
R L＝(V L-V 偏)/I L,
R S＝(V S-V 偏)/I S,
R＝(R L+R S)/2,
其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，I L为所述第二放电电流,R L为所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的内阻值，R S为所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的内阻值。
在本实施例中，考虑到所述蓄电池本身所携带的偏置电压，在计算所述蓄电池的内阻值时，在所述放电电压的基础上减去所述偏置电压的值，再根据欧姆定律计算出所述蓄电池的内阻值，并进一步的将大电流和小电流时得到的内阻值进行均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的内阻值，从而提高了所述蓄电池内阻的检测精度。
应该说明的是，上述步骤S31-S35的步骤中，完成了对所述蓄电池的内阻检测，因此，上述步骤S31-S35可以作为所述蓄电池检测的一个测量周期。
为了进一步提高所述蓄电池内阻的检测精确度，在一些实施例中，重复多个所述测量周期，从而可以获得所述蓄电池的多个内阻值；将多个所述内阻值做平均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的平均内阻，进而根据所述平均内阻以确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
在其他实施例中，获取所述蓄电池的内阻后，根据所述内阻值计算出所述蓄电池的CCA参数，从而，根据所述CCA参数判断所述蓄电池的健康状态。具体的，所述CCA参数可以是CCA或CCA百分比，其中，所述CCA(Cold Cranking Ampere)为蓄电池的冷启动电流，指在规定的某一低温状态下(通常规定在0℉或–17.8℃)蓄电池在电压降至极限馈电电压前，连续30秒释放出的电流量。例如一个12V的蓄电池CCA为550，即指蓄电池在充满电并在-17.8℃环境下静置24小时后，在电压降至7.2V之前，能连续30秒提供550A的电流。CCA百分比为测得的CCA与额定CCA之间的比值。
本领域技术人员可知，CCA参数跟内阻R有一定的比例系数α，即CCA＝α*R，从而，即可获得所述CCA以及CCA百分比。
在本发明实施例中，通过分别向所述蓄电池的放电模块输出第一驱动信号和第二驱动信号，以使所述放电模块分别产生第一放电电流和第二放电电流，其中，所述第一放电电流大于所述第二放电电流，从而，通过驱动所述放电模块分别产生大小放电电流，通过大小放电电流信号来降低车辆上其他设备产生的噪声干扰；并采集所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流和所述第二放电电流时的第一放电电压和第二放电电压，进而，根据大小放电电流时所述放电模块的电路参数获取所述蓄电池的内阻，提高了蓄电池检测的准确性。
以上所描述的装置或设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
本发明实施例提供了一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令被一个或多个处理器执行，例如，执行以上描述的图3a至图3c的方法步骤。
本发明实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括存储在非易失性计算机可 读存储介质上的计算程序，所述计算机程序包括程序指令，当所述程序指令被计算机执行时，使所述计算机执行上述任意方法实施例中的本体构建方法，例如，执行以上描述的图3a至图3c的方法步骤。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；在本发明的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明，它们没有在细节中提供；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种蓄电池检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    输出第一驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第一放电电流；
    获取所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压；
    输出第二驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第二放电电流，其中，所述第一放电电流大于所述第二放电电流；
    获取所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压；
    根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，以形成一个测量周期，并根据所述内阻确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的第一放电电压，包括：
    控制所述放电模块在所述第一放电电流下工作第一预设时间；
    在所述第一预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
    将所述第一放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第一放电电压。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的第二放电电压，包括：
    控制所述放电模块在所述第二放电电流下工作第二预设时间；
    在所述第二预设时间内采样所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压；
    将所述第二放电电流工作时的多个放电电压做均值处理后得到所述蓄电池的第二放电电压。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述输出第一驱动信号驱动所述蓄电池的放电模块产生第一放电电流之前，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述蓄电池的规格参数。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，包括：
    根据下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
    Figure PCTCN2021105878-appb-100001
    其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，I L为所述第二放电电流。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述规格参数包括所述蓄电池的偏置电压；
    所述根据所述第一放电电流、所述第一放电电压、所述第二放电电流及所述第二放电电压获取所述蓄电池的内阻，包括：
    根据下述公式计算所述蓄电池的内阻R：
    R L＝(V L-V 偏)/I L,
    R S＝(V S-V 偏)/I S,
    R＝(R L+R S)/2,
    其中，V L为所述第一放电电压，V S为所述第二放电电压，I S为所述第一放电电流，I L为所述第二放电电流,R L为所述蓄电池在所述第一放电电流工作时的内阻值，R S为所述蓄电池在所述第二放电电流工作时的内阻值。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    重复多个所述测量周期，以获取多个所述蓄电池的内阻；
    将多个所述内阻做均值处理后得到平均内阻，以根据所述平均内阻确定所述蓄电池的健康状态。
  8. 一种蓄电池检测设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括：
    放电模块，分别与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，形成所述蓄电池的放电回路；
    电压采样模块，分别与所述蓄电池的正极和负极连接，用于采样所述蓄电池的放电电压；
    主控制器，分别与所述放电模块及所述电压采样模块连接，所述主控制器可执行如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备还包括：
    输入模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于输入所述蓄电池的规格参数；
    显示模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于显示所述蓄电池的规格参数及健康状态；
    无线通讯模块，与所述主控制器连接，用于将所述蓄电池的规格参数及健康状态数据发送至云端备份。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述放电模块包括电流采样电路和负载调节电路；
    所述电流采样电路的第一端与所述蓄电池的负极连接，第二端与所述主控制器连接，第三端与所述负载调节电路连接；
    所述负载调节电路的第一端与所述电流采样电路的第三端连接，第二端与所述主控制器连接，第三端与所述蓄电池的正极连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电流采样电路包括第一运放和采样负载；
    所述第一运放的反向输入端、所述采样负载的一端及所述蓄电池的负极连接于第一节点，所述第一运放的同向输入端、所述采样负载的另一端及所述负载调节电路的第一端连接于第二节点，所述第一运放的输出端与所述主控制器连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述负载调节电路包括第二运放和MOS管；
    所述第二运放的正向输入端与所述主控制连接，所述第二运放的反向输入端与所述第二节点连接，所述第二运放的输出端与所述MOS管的栅极；
    所述MOS管的源极与所述第二节点连接，所述MOS管的漏极与所述蓄电池的正极连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电压采样模块包括第三运放，所述第三运放的同向输入端与所述蓄电池的正极连接，所述第三运放的反向输入端与所述蓄电池的负极连接，所述第三运放的输出端与所述主控制器连接。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行程序，当所述计算机可执行程序被处理器执行时，使所述计算机执行如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法。
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