WO2022012024A1 - 一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术 - Google Patents

一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术 Download PDF

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WO2022012024A1
WO2022012024A1 PCT/CN2021/074291 CN2021074291W WO2022012024A1 WO 2022012024 A1 WO2022012024 A1 WO 2022012024A1 CN 2021074291 W CN2021074291 W CN 2021074291W WO 2022012024 A1 WO2022012024 A1 WO 2022012024A1
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vacuum
die
magnesium alloy
heating furnace
precision
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PCT/CN2021/074291
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李卫荣
李扬德
杨洁丹
刘华珠
汤铁装
陈学民
朱伟
陆新春
徐海章
邓群辉
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东莞宜安科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012024A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of high-vacuum precision die-casting, in particular to a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles.
  • New energy vehicles refer to the use of unconventional vehicle fuels as the power source (or the use of conventional vehicle fuels, the use of new vehicle power units), and the integration of advanced technologies in vehicle power control and driving.
  • New technology new structure of the car.
  • New energy vehicles include four major types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV, including solar vehicles), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and other new energy vehicles (such as supercapacitors, flywheels and other high-efficiency energy storage) vehicles Wait.
  • HEV hybrid electric vehicles
  • BEV pure electric vehicles
  • FCEV fuel cell electric vehicles
  • Other new energy vehicles such as supercapacitors, flywheels and other high-efficiency energy storage
  • Magnesium alloys are alloys composed of magnesium-based and other elements. Its characteristics are: low density (about 1.8g/cm3 magnesium alloy), high specific strength, large specific elastic modulus, good heat dissipation, good shock absorption, higher impact load capacity than aluminum alloy, and corrosion resistance to organic substances and alkalis. good.
  • the main alloying elements are aluminum, zinc, manganese, cerium, thorium and a small amount of zirconium or cadmium. At present, the most widely used is magnesium-aluminum alloy, followed by magnesium-manganese alloy and magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy. Mainly used in aviation, aerospace, transportation, chemical, rocket and other industrial sectors.
  • magnesium alloy industry is optimistic about the market. Among them, the lightweight and environmental protection needs of the automotive industry, especially the development of new energy vehicles, and the continuous progress of magnesium alloy research and development technology and recycling technology, will be good news for the wide application of magnesium alloys.
  • the existing magnesium alloy materials contain many impurities, resulting in lower mechanical properties, especially yield strength.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
  • a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles comprising the following operation steps:
  • the components of the magnesium alloy material are: magnesium 85-95%, aluminum 3-10%, manganese 0.1-1%, zinc 0.1-1%, mixed rare earth 1-3% according to the composition and weight ratio.
  • the composition and weight of the magnesium alloy material are batched;
  • S4 Inject the magnesium alloy melt into the high-vacuum die-casting machine for precision die-casting of auto parts.
  • a molecular vacuum pump to evacuate the internal pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts to control the high-vacuum die-casting machine.
  • the vacuum degree in the internal pipes and precision molds of auto parts is 10 -1 -10 -8 Pa, and the temperature of the internal pipes of the high vacuum die casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts is controlled to be 500-600 °C.
  • the generating device generates ultrasonic waves to the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts, and the ultrasonic waves remove the bubbles in the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the melt of the precision molds of auto parts;
  • the auto precision parts mold is naturally cooled, cooled to room temperature, and then demolded to form.
  • the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated 3-5 times.
  • the mixed rare earth is one or more of zirconium, cadmium, praseodymium and cerium.
  • the gas is one of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
  • the mixed rare earth is added into the crucible heating furnace in the form of a magnesium rare earth master alloy.
  • the stirring device is an electromagnetic stirring device, and the electromagnetic stirring device stirs 200-500 times per minute.
  • the ultrasonic generating device generates ultrasonic waves of 20-30 Hz.
  • the crucible of the crucible heating furnace is made of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or boron nitride.
  • the mixed rare earth is added to the magnesium alloy.
  • the mixed rare earth has the functions of removing hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron and inclusions in the magnesium alloy melt, so as to achieve the effect of degassing refining and purifying the melt, and improve the magnesium alloy.
  • a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles comprising the following operation steps:
  • the components of the magnesium alloy material are: magnesium 85-95%, aluminum 3-10%, manganese 0.1-1%, zinc 0.1-1%, mixed rare earth 1-3% according to the composition and weight ratio.
  • the composition and weight of the magnesium alloy material are batched;
  • S4 Inject the magnesium alloy melt into the high-vacuum die-casting machine for precision die-casting of auto parts.
  • a molecular vacuum pump to evacuate the internal pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts to control the high-vacuum die-casting machine.
  • the vacuum degree in the internal pipes and precision molds of auto parts is 10 -1 -10 -8 Pa, and the temperature of the internal pipes of the high vacuum die casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts is controlled to be 500-600 °C.
  • the generating device generates ultrasonic waves to the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts, and the ultrasonic waves remove the bubbles in the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the melt of the precision molds of auto parts;
  • the auto precision parts mold is naturally cooled, cooled to room temperature, and then demolded to form.
  • the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated 3-5 times.
  • the mixed rare earth is one or more of zirconium, cadmium, praseodymium, and cerium.
  • the gas is one of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
  • the mixed rare earth is added into the crucible heating furnace in the form of a magnesium rare earth master alloy.
  • the stirring device is an electromagnetic stirring device, and the electromagnetic stirring device stirs 200-500 times per minute.
  • the ultrasonic generating device generates ultrasonic waves of 20-30 Hz.
  • the crucible of the crucible heating furnace is made of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or boron nitride.
  • a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles comprising the following operation steps:
  • the magnesium alloy material components are: magnesium 90%, aluminum 5%, manganese 1%, zinc 1%, mixed rare earth 3%, according to the composition and weight ratio of the magnesium alloy material. ;
  • S4 Inject the magnesium alloy melt into the high-vacuum die-casting machine for precision die-casting of auto parts.
  • a molecular vacuum pump to evacuate the internal pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts to control the high-vacuum die-casting machine.
  • the vacuum degree in the internal pipes and precision molds of auto parts is 10 -1 -10 -8 Pa, and the temperature of the internal pipes of the high vacuum die casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts is controlled to be 500-600 °C.
  • the generating device generates ultrasonic waves to the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the precision molds of auto parts, and the ultrasonic waves remove the bubbles in the inner pipes of the high-vacuum die-casting machine and the melt of the precision molds of auto parts;
  • the auto precision parts mold is naturally cooled, cooled to room temperature, and then demolded to form.
  • the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated 3-5 times.
  • the mixed rare earth is one or more of zirconium, cadmium, praseodymium, and cerium.
  • the gas is one of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
  • the mixed rare earth is added into the crucible heating furnace in the form of a magnesium rare earth master alloy.
  • the stirring device is an electromagnetic stirring device, and the electromagnetic stirring device stirs 200-500 times per minute.
  • the ultrasonic generating device generates ultrasonic waves of 20-30 Hz.
  • the crucible of the crucible heating furnace is made of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or boron nitride.
  • a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles comprising the following operation steps:
  • the magnesium alloy material components are: magnesium 90%, aluminum 5%, manganese 1%, zinc 1%, mixed rare earth 3%, according to the composition and weight ratio of the magnesium alloy material. ;
  • the magnesium into the crucible heating furnace for heating, fill the crucible heating furnace with gas during heating, drive away the air inside the crucible heating furnace, heat the crucible heating furnace temperature to 700 °C, and add aluminum after all the magnesium is melted.
  • manganese, zinc and mixed rare earths fully stirred with a stirring device, the temperature of the crucible heating furnace is heated to 800 °C, and the ultrasonic generator and vacuum pump are activated at the same time, the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic waves to the crucible heating furnace, and ultrasonic waves are removed from the crucible heating furnace. Air bubbles and impurities, and make the melt more refined and evenly dispersed, the vacuum pump will evacuate the crucible heating furnace to 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa;
  • the auto precision parts mold is naturally cooled, cooled to room temperature, and then demolded to form.
  • the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated 3-5 times.
  • the mixed rare earth is one or more of zirconium, cadmium, praseodymium, and cerium.
  • the gas is one of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
  • the mixed rare earth is added into the crucible heating furnace in the form of a magnesium rare earth master alloy.
  • the stirring device is an electromagnetic stirring device, and the electromagnetic stirring device stirs 200-500 times per minute.
  • the ultrasonic generating device generates ultrasonic waves of 20-30 Hz.
  • the crucible of the crucible heating furnace is made of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or boron nitride.
  • a high-vacuum precision die-casting technology based on magnesium alloy materials for new energy vehicles comprising the following operation steps:
  • the magnesium alloy material components are: magnesium 90%, aluminum 5%, manganese 1%, zinc 1%, mixed rare earth 3%, according to the composition and weight ratio of the magnesium alloy material. ;
  • the magnesium into the crucible heating furnace for heating, fill the crucible heating furnace with gas during heating, drive away the air inside the crucible heating furnace, heat the crucible heating furnace temperature to 700°C, and add aluminum after all the magnesium is melted.
  • manganese, zinc and mixed rare earths fully stirred with a stirring device, the temperature of the crucible heating furnace is heated to 800 °C, and the ultrasonic generator and vacuum pump are activated at the same time, the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic waves to the crucible heating furnace, and ultrasonic waves are removed from the crucible heating furnace. Air bubbles and impurities, and make the melt more refined and evenly dispersed, the vacuum pump will evacuate the crucible heating furnace to 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa;
  • the auto precision parts mold is naturally cooled, cooled to room temperature, and then demolded to form.
  • the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated 4 times.
  • the mixed rare earth is one or more of zirconium, cadmium, praseodymium, and cerium.
  • the gas is one of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
  • the mixed rare earth is added into the crucible heating furnace in the form of a magnesium rare earth master alloy.
  • the stirring device is an electromagnetic stirring device, and the electromagnetic stirring device stirs 500 times per minute.
  • the ultrasonic generating device generates ultrasonic waves of 30 Hz.
  • the crucible of the crucible heating furnace is made of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or boron nitride.
  • mixed rare earths are added into magnesium alloys, and the mixed rare earths have the functions of removing hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron and inclusions in the molten magnesium alloy, so as to achieve the effects of degassing refining and purifying the melt, and improve magnesium
  • the strength of the alloy when the magnesium alloy is melted, the ultrasonic wave generator is used to generate ultrasonic waves to the crucible heating furnace.
  • the strength of magnesium alloy is filled with inert gas when magnesium is melted, and molecular vacuum pump is used to pump into high vacuum when magnesium alloy melt is melted and die-casting, so as to prevent magnesium from reacting with oxygen in the air, and prevent magnesium from reacting with impurities, which is convenient for improving magnesium strength of the alloy.

Abstract

一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：镁合金材料制备、镁合金材料熔融、镁合金熔融液压铸、汽车零部件冷却。

Description

一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术 技术领域
本发明涉及高真空精密压铸技术领域，特别涉及一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术。
背景技术
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源(或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置)，综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。新能源汽车包括四大类型混合动力电动汽车(HEV)、纯电动汽车(BEV，包括太阳能汽车)、燃料电池电动汽车(FCEV)、其他新能源(如超级电容器、飞轮等高效储能器)汽车等。提倡新能源汽车是为了应付环保和石油危机需要，减少或放弃燃烧传统的汽油或柴油驱动内燃机的现时主流车型。
镁合金是以镁为基加入其他元素组成的合金。其特点是：密度小(1.8g/cm3镁合金左右)，比强度高，比弹性模量大，散热好，消震性好，承受冲击载荷能力比铝合金大，耐有机物和碱的腐蚀性能好。主要合金元素有铝、锌、锰、铈、钍以及少量锆或镉等。目前使用最广的是镁铝合金，其次是镁锰合金和镁锌锆合金。主要用于航空、航天、运输、化工、火箭等工业部门。在实用金属中是最轻的金属，镁的比重大约是铝的2/3，是铁的1/4。它是实用金属中的最轻的金属，高强度、高刚性。得益于中国汽车工业和3C等行业的转型升级及其中国经济地位的显著提升，镁合金行业令市场看好。其中，汽车行业的轻量化，环保化需求，尤其是新能源汽车的发展，以及镁合金研发技术和回收利用技术的不断进步，对促使镁合金的广泛应用将是利好消息。而现有的镁合金材料含有的杂质较多，导致力学性能特别是屈服强度较低。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：
S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁85-95％、铝3-10％、锰0.1-1％、锌0.1-1％、混合稀土1-3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至650-700℃，待到镁全部熔化后，加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至750-800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -1-10 -8Pa；
S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至650-700℃；
S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸，压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -1-10 -8Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为500-600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复3-5次。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚加热炉内。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌200-500次。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述超声波发生装置产生20-30赫兹的超声波。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、镁合金中加入混合稀土，混合稀土在镁合金熔融液中具有除氢、除氧、除硫、除铁、除夹杂物的作用,达到除气精炼、净化熔体的效果，提高镁合金的强度；
2、在镁合金熔融时，通过超声波发生装置，向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，便于提高镁合金的强度；
3、在镁熔融时充入惰性气体，在镁合金熔融液熔融时和压铸时使用分子真空泵抽成高真空，防止镁与空气中的氧发生反应，防止镁发生反应含有杂质，便于提高镁合金的强度。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：
S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁85-95％、铝3-10％、锰0.1-1％、锌0.1-1％、混合稀土1-3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至650-700℃，待到镁全部熔化后，加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至750-800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -1-10 -8Pa；
S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至650-700℃；
S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸，压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -1-10 -8Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为500-600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
本实施例中，优选的，所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复3-5次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚 加热炉内。
本实施例中，优选的，所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌200-500次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述超声波发生装置产生20-30赫兹的超声波。
本实施例中，优选的，所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
实施例2
一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：
S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁90％、铝5％、锰1％、锌1％、混合稀土3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至650-700℃，待到镁全部熔化后，加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至750-800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -1-10 -8Pa；
S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至650-700℃；
S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸，压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -1-10 -8Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为500-600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
本实施例中，优选的，所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复3-5次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚加热炉内。
本实施例中，优选的，所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌200-500次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述超声波发生装置产生20-30赫兹的超声波。
本实施例中，优选的，所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
实施例3
一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：
S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁90％、铝5％、锰1％、锌1％、混合稀土3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至700℃，待到镁全部熔化后，加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -3-10 -6Pa；
S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至700℃；
S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸， 压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -3-10 -6Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
本实施例中，优选的，所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复3-5次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚加热炉内。
本实施例中，优选的，所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌200-500次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述超声波发生装置产生20-30赫兹的超声波。
本实施例中，优选的，所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
实施例4
一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，包括以下操作步骤：
S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁90％、铝5％、锰1％、锌1％、混合稀土3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至700℃，待到镁全部熔化后， 加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -3-10 -6Pa；
S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至700℃；
S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸，压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -3-10 -6Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
本实施例中，优选的，所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复4次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
本实施例中，优选的，所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚加热炉内。
本实施例中，优选的，所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌500次。
本实施例中，优选的，所述超声波发生装置产生30赫兹的超声波。
本实施例中，优选的，所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
本发明在镁合金中加入混合稀土，混合稀土在镁合金熔融液中具有除氢、 除氧、除硫、除铁、除夹杂物的作用,达到除气精炼、净化熔体的效果，提高镁合金的强度，在镁合金熔融时，通过超声波发生装置，向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，便于提高镁合金的强度，在镁熔融时充入惰性气体，在镁合金熔融液熔融时和压铸时使用分子真空泵抽成高真空，防止镁与空气中的氧发生反应，防止镁发生反应含有杂质，便于提高镁合金的强度。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
    S1.所述镁合金材料组分按成分和重量份比为：镁85-95％、铝3-10％、锰0.1-1％、锌0.1-1％、混合稀土1-3％，根据所述镁合金材料组分和重量进行配料；
    S2.将镁放入到坩埚加热炉加热，加热时向坩埚加热炉中充入气体，赶走坩埚加热炉内部的空气，坩埚加热炉温度加热至650-700℃，待到镁全部熔化后，加入铝、锰、锌及混合稀土，使用搅拌装置充分搅拌，坩埚加热炉温度加热至750-800℃，同时启动超声波发生装置和真空泵，超声波发生装置向坩埚加热炉产生超声波，超声波除去坩埚加热炉熔融液内的气泡与杂质，并使得熔融液更加细化、分散均匀，真空泵将坩埚加热炉抽真空至10 -1-10 -8Pa；
    S3.镁合金熔融液充分搅拌精炼后，将坩埚加热炉冷却至650-700℃；
    S4.将镁合金熔融液注入到高真空压铸机内进行汽车零部件的精密压铸，压铸时，使用分子真空泵对高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具进行抽真空，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具内的真空度为10 -1-10 -8Pa，控制高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具的温度为500-600℃，同时使用超声波发生装置，超声波发生装置向高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具产生超声波，超声波除去高真空压铸机内部管道、汽车零部件精密模具熔融液内的气泡；
    S5.压铸完成后，将汽车精密零部件模具自然冷却，冷却至室温后脱模成型。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述步骤S2和步骤S3重复3-5次。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述混合稀土为锆、镉、镨、铈的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述气体为氮气或惰性气体的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述混合稀土以镁稀土中间合金形式加入进坩埚加热炉内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述搅拌装置为电磁搅拌装置，所述电磁搅拌装置每分钟搅拌200-500次。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述超声波发生装置产生20-30赫兹的超声波。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种新能源汽车用基于镁合金材料的高真空精密压铸技术，其特征在于：所述坩埚加热炉的坩埚为三氧化二铝、氧化钙或者氮化硼材质。
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