WO2022011497A1 - 一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱系统全局稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱系统全局稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022011497A1
WO2022011497A1 PCT/CN2020/101592 CN2020101592W WO2022011497A1 WO 2022011497 A1 WO2022011497 A1 WO 2022011497A1 CN 2020101592 W CN2020101592 W CN 2020101592W WO 2022011497 A1 WO2022011497 A1 WO 2022011497A1
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nonlinear
nonlinear energy
energy
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孙希明
段楠
吴玉虎
仲崇权
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
    • G06F17/13Differential equations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08Fluids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/14Pipes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of system stability proving and analysis in control systems, relates to ordinary differential differentiation of high-order partial differential equation models and energy disturbance technology, and particularly relates to an exponential stability analysis method based on Lyapunov stability theory.
  • the flow pipe has important application value and a wide range of use in the industrial field.
  • the pipelines are used to transport fluids with a wide range of flow velocity.
  • the change of fluid flow velocity will induce excessive vibration in the pipeline.
  • failures such as noise, material fatigue and liquid leakage occur in the machinery, resulting in the equipment failing to meet the required performance indicators.
  • passive vibration controllers have received more and more attention. One of them is based on nonlinear energy.
  • the passive vibration controller of the trap has received extensive attention and research, and has achieved certain control effects.
  • the present invention is based on the understanding of the flow pipe-nonlinear energy trap system model, uses its convex characteristics and gradient characteristics to establish the energy functional and perturbation functional of the system, and then uses the energy perturbation technology to establish the Lyapunov function of the system. Under the framework of Lyapunov stability theory, it is analyzed that the system is globally exponentially stable, and finally the theoretical proof is verified by numerical methods. So far, no patent discloses the global stability analysis method of the tube-nonlinear energy sink system based on Lyapunov stability theory and energy perturbation technology.
  • the present invention proposes a global stability analysis of the flow tube-nonlinear energy trap system. method.
  • the invention converts the original system model into a system model containing convex function gradient information through the understanding and analysis of the pipeline-nonlinear energy well model, and based on this model, the energy functional and disturbance functional of the system are carefully constructed, Then, the Lyapunov function of the system is obtained by using the energy perturbation technique, and the criterion that the tube-nonlinear energy sink system is globally exponentially stable is obtained under the framework of Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the results of the theoretical proof are verified by numerical simulation.
  • a method for analyzing the global stability of a flow pipe-nonlinear energy trap comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Modeling and Preprocessing of the Flow Tube-Nonlinear Energy Trap System
  • the installation method of the flow pipe is simply supported at both ends, and the nonlinear energy well is connected with the flow pipe pipeline; and without considering the gravity, internal damping, external tension and pressurization effect, the flow pipe-nonlinear
  • the mathematical model of the energy sink (nonlinear energy sink, NES) system can be written in the following form:
  • the tube-NES system can be transformed into a more tractable finite-dimensional dynamical system; the specific process is as follows:
  • Galerkin type of displacement for a flow tube-nonlinear energy sink system is:
  • ⁇ r (x) is the r-th eigenfunction of the flow tube in the case of undamped free vibration
  • q r (t) is the generalized coordinate of the discrete system
  • n is the Galerkin discrete term number.
  • ⁇ r [ ⁇ 1 (x)... ⁇ n (x)] T
  • ⁇ rd [ ⁇ r (d)... ⁇ n (d)] T
  • q [q 1 (t)... q n (t) ] T
  • ⁇ KZ, Z> represents the Euclidean inner product of the vectors KZ and Z; according to equation (6), it is easy to obtain that ⁇ (Z) is a convex function, and the system model shown in equation (3) can be written in the following form:
  • Equation (3) the energy functional E(t) and perturbation functional W(t) of the system model shown in Equation (3) are defined as follows:
  • Lyapunov function Based on the defined energy functional and perturbation functional, the following Lyapunov function is defined:
  • G represents the influence coefficient of the perturbation functional on the Lyapunov function
  • m 1 is the largest eigenvalue of matrix M
  • ⁇ 0 is the smallest eigenvalue of matrix C
  • eigenvalue of the product of matrix M and the inverse of matrix C is the largest eigenvalue of the product of matrix M and the inverse of matrix C.
  • the present invention sets up the quadratic model containing convex function gradient information of the conduit-NES system for the first time, and wherein this convex function is proposed and proved for the first time on the basis of system characteristics;
  • the present invention more comprehensively illustrates the effectiveness of NES for pipeline vibration control from the point of view of stability, and is no longer limited to the comparison of responses on the general passage through the pipeline section.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow tube-nonlinear energy trap system.
  • Fig. 2 shows the energy function, Lyapunov function and corresponding exponential function of the flow pipe-nonlinear energy trap system under different flow rates; 3.0.
  • Figure 3 shows the comparison results of the responses of several sections (that is, x is 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8, respectively) on the flow pipe when there is no control and a nonlinear energy trap as the controller at different flow rates, (a) to (c) correspond in turn
  • the dimensionless liquid flow velocity v in the flow pipe is 1.0, 2.0, 3.0.
  • Step 1 Establish the mathematical model of the flow tube-nonlinear energy well, its physical structure is shown in Figure 1, the length of the flow tube simply supported at both ends is L, the bending stiffness of the flow tube is EI, and the mass is m p , the viscoelastic coefficient is ⁇ .
  • the nonlinear energy trap as the vibration controller is installed at a distance D from the left end of the flow pipe. The nonlinear energy trap is used to absorb the vibration energy generated when the fluid enters the pipeline. Its structure is composed of damping, nonlinear springs and mass. block composition. Without considering gravity, internal damping, external applied tension and pressurization effects, the equation of motion of the tube-nonlinear energy sink system is as follows:
  • Y(X, T) is the longitudinal displacement of the flow pipe, correspondingly, is the longitudinal displacement of the nonlinear energy well
  • M f is the mass of the fluid in the delivery tube
  • m NES represents the structural mass of the NES.
  • V represents the flow rate of the fluid in the tube.
  • D represents the installation position of the parallel nonlinear energy trap system. While K represents the nonlinear (cubic nonlinear) stiffness of the NES; C represents the damping of the nonlinear energy well.
  • the first term represents the bending restoring force
  • the second term represents the viscoelasticity of the conduit
  • the third term represents the centrifugal force generated by the liquid flow
  • the fourth term represents the Coriolis effect
  • the fifth term represents the inertial force of the pipe and the liquid when the liquid fills the pipe
  • the remaining two terms represent the coupling between the flow pipe and the vibration controller.
  • nonlinear energy sink is a light mass system compared to the mass of the fluid-filled tube system, as follows:
  • is a parameter much less than 1.
  • equation (1) In order to make the global stability analysis of the flow tube-nonlinear energy sink system and the subsequent numerical verification have good generality, the system shown in equation (1) needs to be converted into a dimensionless form, and the dimensionless process is as follows:
  • L represents the length of the delivery pipe
  • x represents the dimensionless form of the independent variable X of the length of the delivery pipe
  • y is the dimensionless form of the longitudinal displacement Y(X, T) of the delivery pipe
  • d represents the installation position of the dimensionless nonlinear energy well
  • k represents the dimensionless nonlinear stiffness of the nonlinear energy well
  • v represents the dimensionless flow velocity of the liquid in the pipeline
  • t represents the dimensionless time variable
  • represents the dimensionless viscoelasticity coefficient of the delivery tube
  • represents the ratio of the liquid mass in the delivery tube to the sum of the delivery tube mass and the liquid mass
  • represents the dimensionless damping of the nonlinear energy trap.
  • Equation (3) the dimensionless form of Equation (1) is obtained:
  • Step 2 The higher-order PDE model of the flow pipe-vibration controller system represented by equation (4) is approximately converted into a more tractable finite-dimensional dynamic system by using the standard Galerkin-type term. Therefore, the displacement of the system can be extended into the following form:
  • ⁇ r (x) is the characteristic function of the flow tube in the case of undamped free vibration
  • q r (t) is the generalized coordinate of the discrete system
  • n is the number of Galerkin discrete terms.
  • ⁇ r [ ⁇ 1 (x)... ⁇ n (x)] T
  • ⁇ rd [ ⁇ 1 (d)... ⁇ n (d)] T
  • q [q 1 (t)... q n (t) ] T
  • ⁇ r, b r, c r and ⁇ r are ⁇ r, Kronecker product ⁇ r and ⁇ 'r, ⁇ r and ⁇ "r, and its specific form is as follows
  • the potential energy function ⁇ (Z) of the tube-nonlinear energy sink system is defined as follows:
  • Equation (14) can be further transformed into a form containing the gradient information of the convex function, namely
  • Equation (19) the energy functional E(t) and disturbance functional W(t) of the tube-NES system are defined as follows:
  • Equation (15) M is a positive definite matrix
  • K is a semi-positive definite matrix.
  • matrix C is not completely symmetric, it is composed of matrix C 0 , and the constant ⁇ is augmented, where is a symmetrical matrix.
  • C 0 is a linear combination of matrices ⁇ r and br .
  • ⁇ r is a diagonal matrix
  • br is an antisymmetric matrix. Since the quadratic form of an antisymmetric matrix is 0, the inequality It is established, indicating that the matrix C can be considered to be a symmetric matrix.
  • ⁇ 0 is the smallest eigenvalue of matrix C.
  • inequality (22) can be transformed into the following form:
  • m 1 is the largest eigenvalue of the matrix M given in equation (15), so the last term of equation (23) holds.
  • inequality (34) can be derived as the following form
  • inequality (44) If s is small enough, the coefficient of the first term of inequality (44) is greater than 0, i.e. From the definition of the energy functional represented by the formula (20), it is known that E(t) ⁇ 0. Therefore, inequality (44) can be further transformed into the following form
  • the above inequality (50) is the exponential stability judgment condition of the vibration energy E(t) of the system represented by the formula (14) under the Lyapunov stability theory.
  • an exponential function 0.025e -0.11t can be determined such that (49) the relationship shown in the energy function E (t) and the Lyapunov function V L (t) satisfies the following formula.
  • the above results verify the result given in step 4, that is, the system represented by equation (14) is exponentially stable. Further considering the approximation characteristics of the Galerkin method, it can be deduced that the original system represented by equation (4) is also exponentially stable. Furthermore, the validity and feasibility of the global stability analysis method designed by the present invention are verified.
  • the dotted line represents the displacement response of each section of the flow pipe when there is no control
  • the solid line represents the displacement response of the flow pipe when the nonlinear energy trap is used as the vibration controller. Comparing the changes of the solid line and the dashed line in Fig. 3, it can be easily seen that the nonlinear energy trap can well suppress the vibration of the flow tube, and its displacement response is quickly reduced to a small range.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱系统全局稳定性的方法,属于控制系统中的系统稳定性证明与分析技术领域。该方法基于目标能量传递理论建立的输流管-非线性能量阱系统的高阶偏微分模型,通过Galerkin逼近方法将其离散为二阶非线性常微分形式,并首次进一步转换为包含梯度信息的二次型模型;进而通过能量扰动技术得到系统的全局稳定性判据,最后通过数值方法对理论结果验证。本发明首次解决了非线性能量阱在输流管振动控制方面有效性的理论证明问题,并给出了其全局稳定性是指数稳定的严格分析过程。

Description

一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱系统全局稳定性的方法 技术领域
本发明属于控制系统中的系统稳定性证明与分析技术领域,涉及到高阶偏微分方程模型的常微分化以及能量扰动技术,特别涉及一种基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论的指数稳定分析方法。
背景技术
输流管在工业领域有着重要的应用价值和广泛的使用范围,比如热交换、燃油输送、液压等领域皆以管道输送流速变化范围很大的流体,流体流速的变化会诱导管道产生过量振动,进而使机械发生诸如噪声、材料疲劳以及漏液等故障,致使设备达不到要求的性能指标。对于输流管的振动控制方面,由于安装空间限制小,不需要能量输入,经济性好以及高可靠性等优势,被动振动控制器受到了越来越多的关注,其中一种基于非线性能量阱的被动振动控制器取得了广泛的关注及研究,并取得了一定的控制效果。作为一个强非线性附件,非线性能量阱的引入必然会对系统的稳定性产生影响,但缺乏输流管-非线性能量阱系统稳定性方面的研究。而本发明基于对输流管-非线性能量阱系统模型的理解,利用其凸特性与梯度特性建立系统的能量泛函和扰动泛函,然后利用能量扰动技术建立了系统的Lyapunov函数,并在Lyapunov稳定性理论框架下分析了系统是全局指数稳定的,最后利用数值方法对理论证明结果进行了验证。目前为止,没有专利公开基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和能量扰动技术的输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性分析方法。
发明内容
为了说明非线性能量阱的引入对系统的影响,需要输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性进行研究,本发明提出了一种输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性分析方法。
本发明通过对输流管-非线性能量阱模型的理解和分析,将原系统模型转换为含有凸函数梯度信息形式的系统模型,基于此模型精心构建了系统的能量泛函与扰动泛函,然后利用能量扰动技术得到了系统的Lyapunov函数,并在Lyapunov稳定性理论框架下得到了输流管-非线性能量阱系统是全局指数稳定的判据,最后利用数值仿真验证了理论证明的结果。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱全局稳定性的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:输流管-非线性能量阱系统的建模及预处理
所述输流管的安装方式为两端简支,非线性能量阱与输流管管道相连;并且在不考虑重力、内部阻尼、外部张力以及增压效果的情况下,输流管-非线性能量阱(nonlinear energy sink,NES)系统的数学模型可写成如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000002
其中,Y(X,T)表示输流管的截面位移函数;EI表示输流管的弯曲刚度;λ表示输流管的黏弹性系数;M f表示输流管内流体的质量;m p表示输流管本身的质量; V表示输流管内流体的流速;T是时间变量;
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000003
表示NES的位移函数;m NES表示NES的结构质量;K表示NES的非线性(立方非线性)刚度;C表示NES的阻尼;D表示NES的安装位置;δ(X-D)是狄拉克δ函数。
步骤2:模型离散化
由于原输流管-非线性能量阱系统模型为高阶偏微分方程(partial differential equation简写PDE)形式,不便于后续的全局稳定性分析,故需要通过Galerkin近似方法将其转换为常微分方程(ordinary differential equation简写ODE)形式。通过利用标准Galerkin型,可以将输流管-NES系统转换为一个更加容易处理的有限维的动力学系统;具体过程如下:
输流管-非线性能量阱系统位移的标准Galerkin型为:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000004
其中,φ r(x)是输流管在无阻尼自由振动情况时的第r个特征函数;q r(t)是离散系统的广义坐标;n是Galerkin离散项数。
利用式(2)所表示的标准Galerkin型将式(1)所示的高阶PDE系统模型转化为式(3)所示的二阶非线性ODE形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000005
其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000008
式(4)中,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000009
表示NES的位移,R n+1表示n+1维空间,ε表示NES的结构质量与管本身和管内液体质量之和的比值,σ表示NES的无量纲阻尼,k表示NES 的无量纲刚度,t表示无量纲时间变量,α为输流管本身的无量纲黏弹性系数,β表示管内液体的质量与管本身和管内液体质量之和的比值,v表示管内液体的无量纲流速;λ r=rπ,r=1,…,n;φ r、φ rd为式(2)中特征函数组成的向量;q为式(2)中广义坐标组成的向量;δ r、b r、c r分别是φ r与φ r、φ r与φ′ r、φ r与φ″ r的Kronecker积,具体形式为:
φ r=[φ 1(x)…φ n(x)] T,φ rd=[φ r(d)…φ n(d)] T,q=[q 1(t)…q n(t)] T
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000012
步骤3:模型的二次型化
基于式(3)所示的输流管-非线性能量阱系统模型的特性,建立输流管-非线性能量阱系统的势能函数Φ(Z)如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000013
其中,<KZ,Z>表示向量KZ与Z的欧式内积;根据式(6)易得Φ(Z)是一个凸函数,式(3)所示的系统模型可以写成如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000014
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000015
表示凸函数Φ(Z)的梯度。
步骤4:全局稳定性分析
基于式(7),定义式(3)所示系统模型的能量泛函E(t)和扰动泛函W(t)如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000017
基于定义的能量泛函和扰动泛函,定义如下Lyapunov函数:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000018
其中,G表示扰动泛函对Lyapunov函数的影响系数,且
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000019
m 1为矩阵M的最大特征值,λ 0为矩阵C的最小特征值,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000020
是矩阵M和矩阵C的逆矩阵的乘积的最大特征值。
进而,利用泛函分析得到Lyapunov函数V L(t)满足如下指数稳定性判定条件:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000021
其中,a 0=V L(0)。
考虑到
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000023
结合式(11)得到能量泛函E(t)满足如下关系:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000024
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000025
至此,得到E(t)的指数稳定判定条件;
结合式(14)、(5)和(4),得到式(3)所示的输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性为指数稳定。
本发明的有益效果:
1)基于Galerkin方法,本发明首次建立输流管-NES系统的包含凸函数梯度 信息的二次型模型,其中该凸函数是在系统特性的基础上首次被提出和证明的;
2)基于二次型模型,分析证明该输流管-NES系统是指数稳定的,并给出了其严格的分析过程;
3)本发明从稳定性的角度更为全面地说明了NES对于管道振动控制的有效性,而不再仅仅局限于一般的通过管道截面上响应的对比。
附图说明
图1是输流管-非线性能量阱系统结构简图。
图2是不同流速下输流管-非线性能量阱系统的能量函数、Lyapunov函数及相应的指数函数;(a)至(c)依次对应的输流管内无量纲液体流速v为1.0、2.0、3.0。其中输流管-非线性能量阱系统参数为α=0.001,β=0.8,ε=0.1,σ=0.1,k=8000,d=0.5,X=0.3。
图3是不同流速下,在无控制和非线性能量阱作为控制器时输流管上若干截面(即x分别为0.2、0.5、0.8)的响应对比结果,(a)至(c)依次对应的输流管内无量纲液体流速v为1.0、2.0、3.0。其中,图3中虚线表示无控制时输流管的响应;实线为NES作为控制器时输流管的位移响应,振动控制器参数设置为α=0.001,β=0.8,ε=0.1,σ=0.1,k=8000,X=0.3。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和全局稳定性的证明推导过程,详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本实施例的具体过程是针对图1所示输流管-非线性能量阱系统的稳定性分析及仿真验证过程中进行的,详细设计步骤如下:
步骤1:建立输流管-非线性能量阱的数学模型,其物理结构如图1所示,两端简支的输流管长度为L,输流管的抗弯刚度为EI,质量为m p,黏弹性系数 为λ。作为振动控制器的非线性能量阱安装在距离输流管左端点距离为D的位置,非线性能量阱用来吸收由于流体进入管道时产生的振动能量,其结构由阻尼、非线性弹簧及质量块组成。在不考虑重力、内部阻尼、外部施加张力以及增压效果的情况下,则输流管-非线性能量阱系统的运动方程为如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000027
其中,Y(X,T)是输流管的纵向位移,相应地,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000028
是非线性能量阱的纵向位移,M f是输流管内流体的质量,m NES表示NES的结构质量。V表示管内流体的流速。D表示的是平行非线性能量阱系统的安装位置。而K表示NES的非线性(立方非线性)刚度;C表示非线性能量阱的阻尼。
在方程组(1)的第一个方程中,其第一项表示弯曲恢复力;第二项表示输流管的黏弹性;第三项表示由液体流动产生的离心力;第四项表示Coriolis效应;第五项表示当液体充满管道时,管道和液体的惯性力;剩下的两项表示输流管和振动控制器之间的耦合。
需要指出的是,与充满液体的输流管系统的质量相比,非线性能量阱是一个轻质量的系统,如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000029
其中,ε为远小于1的参数。
为了使输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性分析及后面的数值验证具有 较好的一般性,式(1)所示的系统需要转换成无量纲形式,无量纲化过程如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000030
式(3)中,L表示输流管的长度,x表示输流管的长度自变量X的无量纲形式,y是输流管纵向位移Y(X,T)的无量纲形式,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000031
是非线性能量阱纵向位移
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000032
的无量纲形式,d表示无量纲化的非线性能量阱的安装位置,k为非线性能量阱的无量纲非线性刚度,v表示输流管内液体的无量纲流速,t表示无量纲时间变量,α表示输流管的无量纲黏弹性系数,β表示输流管管内液体质量与输流管质量和液体质量之和的比值,σ表示非线性能量阱的无量纲阻尼。
将式(3)代入方程组(1),得到方程组(1)的无量纲形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000033
步骤2:通过利用标准Galerkin型项,将式(4)所表示的输流管-振动控制器系统的高阶PDE模型近似的转换为一个更加容易处理的有限维的动力学系统。因此,系统的位移可以被扩展成如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000034
其中,φ r(x)是输流管在无阻尼自由振动情况下的特征函数,q r(t)是离散系统的广义坐标,n是Galerkin离散项数。考虑到输流管是两端简支结构,因此选择特征函数
φ r(x)=sin(λ rx),λ r=rπ,r=1,…,n     (6) 即
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000035
将方程(5)代入方程组(4)中,得到如下形式方程组:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000036
为了简化和方便后续推导过程,定义如下向量:
φ r=[φ 1(x)…φ n(x)] T,φ rd=[φ 1(d)…φ n(d)] T,q=[q 1(t)…q n(t)] T   (8)
则方程组(7)可以写成如下向量形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000037
联合方程组(9)中的相似项,可以得到如下形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000038
方程组(10)中的第一个方程乘以φ r并在[0,1]内积分,可得如下方程
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000039
其中δ r、b r、c r分别是φ r与φ r、φ r与φ′ r、φ r与φ″ r的Kronecker积,其具体形式如下
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000042
I是单位阵,基于式(6)可以推导出Kronecker积δ r的具体形式为:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000043
因此可得
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000044
同样地,可以推导出Kronecker积b r的具体形式为:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000045
其中μ∈(1,2,…,r),因此可以得到是一个反对称矩阵。相似地,可以得到Kronecker积c r为对角阵,其形式为
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000046
方程组(11)可以进一步地合并为向量积的形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000047
至此,将式(4)表示的输流管-NES的四阶偏微分转化为如下二阶非线性常微分形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000048
其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000051
步骤3:模型的二次型化
定义输流管-非线性能量阱系统的势能函数Φ(Z)如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000052
其中<KZ,Z>表示向量KZ和Z的欧式内积。
根据式(16)容易推导出Φ(Z)的梯度
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000053
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000054
那么Φ(Z)的海森矩阵
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000055
如下
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000056
其中k>0是非线性能量阱的无量纲刚度。由式(15)可知K是一个半正定矩阵;由式(6)可知φ r(d)=sin(rπd),容易得到式(18)中矩阵
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000057
的所有特征值都大于等于0,即
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000058
也是一个半正定矩阵。因此海森矩阵
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000059
是一个半正定矩阵,这说明了Φ(Z)是一个凸函数。
接下来,基于凸函数Φ(Z)及其梯度特性,式(14)可进一步转化为包含凸函数梯度信息的形式,即
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000060
步骤4:全局稳定性分析
基于式(19),定义输流管-NES系统的能量泛函E(t)及扰动泛函W(t)如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000061
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000062
由式(15)可知,M是一个正定矩阵,K是一个半正定矩阵。需要注意的是,矩阵C并不是完全对称的,它是由矩阵C 0
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000063
以及常数σ增广而来,其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000064
为对称阵。由式(15)可知,C 0是矩阵δ r和b r的线性组合。回顾式(12),δ r是一个对角阵,b r是一个反对称阵。由于反对称阵的二次型为0,所以不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000065
成立,说明可以认为矩阵C是一个对称矩阵。
接下来需要对扰动泛函W(t)进行必要的处理。根据式(21),得到如下关系
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000066
其中λ 0是矩阵C的最小特征值。
应用Young不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000067
其中θ=λ 0。则不等式(22)可以转换成如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000068
m 1为式(15)中给出的矩阵M的最大特征值,因此式(23)的最后一项成立。
基于凸函数Φ(Z)与能量泛函E(t)的定义,容易得到Φ(Z)≥0,这意味着
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000069
结合不等式(23)则可以得到
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000070
对于式(20)所示的系统的能量函数,可以推导出如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000071
那么对于(21)所示的系统的扰动函数,也可以得到其导数如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000072
将式(19)代入式(26),得
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000073
考虑到Φ(Z)是一个凸函数,对于Z∈R n+1,得到如下不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000074
因此,结合式(27)和式(28),得到如下不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000075
将不等式(29)加到式(20),得如下关系
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000076
其中C -1为矩阵C的逆矩阵。令
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000077
并且将式(24)代入(29)可得
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000078
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000079
对于任意θ>0,存在Young不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000080
那么式(21)满足如下不等式关系
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000081
其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000082
是矩阵C的最大特征值。考虑到二次型的性质,不等式(34)可以被推导为如下形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000083
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000084
为矩阵M的最大特征值。
从凸函数Φ(Z)的定义,易得Φ(Z)的最后一项大于等于0,即
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000085
那么容易得到
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000086
其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000087
是式(14)所表示系统的刚度矩阵K的最小特征值。因此,系统的能量泛函满足如下不等式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000088
上式两边同乘以一个正实数P后依然成立
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000089
则存在正实数P可以使如下不等式成立
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000090
那么,结合不等式(35)、(39)和(40)可以得到
W(t)≤PE(t)     (41)不等式(32)的第一项可以进一步地被分解为如下形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000091
其中s∈[0,1]。将不等式(41)代入不等式(42)可得
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000092
其可以进一步地被因式分解为如下形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000093
如果s足够小,那么不等式(44)的第一项的系数大于0,即
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000094
从式(20)表示的能量泛函的定义可知E(t)≥0。因此不等式(44)可进一步被转换为如下形式
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000095
定义Lyapunov函数:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000096
并将其代入不等式(45),可得
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000097
其中a 0=V L(0)。利用不等式(24)可以得到Lyapunov函数V L(t)满足
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000098
注意到
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000099
可以得到
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000100
并且从式(20)表示的能量泛函和扰动泛函的定义容易得到E(t)≥0。因此易得不等式(47)满足如下关系
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000101
结合不等式(46)和(48),可以获得Lyapunov稳定性理论框架下的指数稳定判据
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000102
从上式可以得到系统(14)的能量E(t)满足如下关系
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000103
其中
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000104
上述不等式(50)即为式(14)所示系统的振动能量E(t)在Lyapunov稳定性理论下的指数稳定判定条件。
Galerkin方法表明,对于方程(5),可以通过增加逼近项和合适的特征函数可以获得足够精确的解。那么,式(14)表示的系统的振动能量E(t)等于式(4)表示的原系统的振动能量,所以振动能量同样满足指数稳定判定条件(50),即可以认为式(4)表示的原系统为指数稳定。
步骤5:仿真验证
在这一步里,以图1所示输流管-非线性能量阱系统为例来验证步骤4的理论结果。并通过对比有无非线性能量阱时输流管的位移响应情况,来对非线性能量阱的振动控制效果进行说明。基于式(4),将图1所标示的输流管-非线性能量阱系统的参数设置如下为α=0.001,β=0.8,ε=0.1,σ=0.1,d=0.5,k=8000,并且输流管两端简支表明其边界条件如下:
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000105
然后通过仿真不同无量纲流速v情况下,输流管-非线性能量阱系统的能量量函数E(t),Lyapunov函数V L(t)以及输流管的位移响应y(x,t)来验证步骤4的理论结果并说明非线性能量阱的振动控制效果。
然而,由于式(4)所表示的系统是一个高阶偏微分动力学系统,其瞬态动力学的解析解是非常难以求解的,只能通过数值方法来近似求解。为了获得高精度的近似解,式(4)所表示的系统的Galerkin过程中必须以至少两阶近似项来对输流管的位移函数y(x,t)截断。为了获得更好的数值收敛性,以及降低仿真过程的难度和减少仿真过程所用时间,选取并确定n=2。为了激活振荡,系统的初始条件设置为
Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-000106
其中X为常数。
图2中(a)为无量纲流速v=1.0,仿真激励X=0.3的情况下,输流管-非线性能量阱系统的能量函数E(t)及Lyapunov函数V L(t)的仿真结果,图中能量函数E(t)用实线表示,Lyapunov函数V L(t)用点划线表示。则根据上述结果,很容易确认一个指数函数0.025e -0.4t,使v=1.0时式(49)成立(如图2中(a)的虚线、点划线及实线的关系)。图2中(b)是无量纲流速v=2.0时,能量函数E(t)及Lyapunov函数V L(t)的仿真结果,则易确定一个指数函数0.025e -0.35t,使得不等 式0≤E(t)≤V L(t)≤0.025e -0.35t成立(如图2中(b)的虚线、点划线及实线的关系),即式(49)成立。当无量纲流速v=3.0时,仿真结果如图2中(c)所示,根据图2中(c)虚线、点划线及实线的关系,可以确定一个指数函数0.025e -0.11t使得能量函数E(t)和Lyapunov函数V L(t)满足式(49)所示关系。上述结果验证了步骤4给出的结果,也就是式(14)所表示的系统是指数稳定的。进一步地考虑到Galerkin方法的逼近特性,能够推断出式(4)所表示的原系统同样是指数稳定。进而验证了本发明所设计的全局稳定性分析方法的有效性与可行性。
为了进一步说明非线性能量阱的振动控制效果以及引入后对输流管的影响,对不同条件下输流管的位移响应进行了仿真和分析,结果如图3所示。图3中(a)~(c)分别是不同的无量纲流速下(依次对应于v=1.0,2.0,3.0),仿真激励X=0.3时,输流管上三个截面x=0.2,0.5,0.8(对应于图中长度轴)处的位移响应情况,即y(0.2,t),y(0.5,t),y(0.8,t)。其中虚线表示的无控制时输流管各截面的位移响应,实线表示非线性能量阱作为振动控制器时输流管的位移响应情况。对比图3中实线与虚线的变化情况,可以很容易的看出非线性能量阱能够很好地抑制输流管的振动,使其位移响应很快地降低到很小的范围内。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种分析输流管-非线性能量阱系统全局稳定性的方法,其特征在于,该方法通过建立一个势能函数,将输流管-非线性能量阱系统模型转换为一个包含梯度项的二次型模型,并基于此构建输流管-非线性能量阱系统的能量泛函和扰动泛函,进而通过能量扰动技术和泛函分析得到Lyapunov稳定性理论框架下输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性判据;该方法具体包括以下步骤:
    步骤1:输流管-非线性能量阱系统的建模及预处理
    所述输流管的安装方式为两端简支,非线性能量阱与输流管管道相连;在不考虑重力、内部阻尼、外部张力以及增压效果的情况下,输流管-非线性能量阱系统的数学模型为:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100001
    其中,Y(X,T)表示输流管的截面位移函数;EI表示输流管的弯曲刚度;λ表示输流管的黏弹性系数;M f表示输流管内流体的质量;m p表示输流管本身的质量;V表示输流管内流体的流速;T是时间变量;
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100002
    表示非线性能量阱的位移函数;m NES表示非线性能量阱的结构质量;K表示非线性能量阱的非线性刚度;C表示非线性能量阱的阻尼;D表示非线性能量阱的安装位置;δ(X-D)是狄拉克δ函数;
    将输流管-非线性能量阱系统数学模型的参数进行如下无量纲化过程:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100003
    式(2)中,L表示输流管的长度,x表示输流管的长度自变量X的无量纲形式,y是输流管纵向位移Y(X,T)的无量纲形式,
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100004
    是非线性能量阱纵向位移
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100005
    的无量纲形式,d表示无量纲化的非线性能量阱的安装位置,k为非线性能量阱的无量纲非线性刚度,v表示输流管 内液体的无量纲流速,t表示无量纲时间变量,α表示输流管的无量纲黏弹性系数,β表示输流管内液体质量与输流管质量和液体质量之和的比值,ε表示非线性能量阱的结构质量与输流管本身和输流管内液体质量之和的比值,σ表示非线性能量阱的无量纲阻尼;
    将式(2)代入方程组(1)中,得到输流管-非线性能量阱系统的无量纲化数学模型:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100006
    步骤2:模型离散化
    输流管-非线性能量阱系统的位移函数的标准Galerkin型为:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100007
    其中,φ r(x)是输流管在无阻尼自由振动情况时的第r个特征函数;q r(t)是离散系统的广义坐标;n是Galerkin离散项数;
    将式(4)代入式(3)中,得到式(5)所示的二阶非线性常微分方程形式:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100008
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100009
    式(6)中,R n+1表示n+1维空间;λ r=rπ,r=1,…,n;φ r、φ rd为式(4)中特征函数组成的向量;q为式(4)中广义坐标组成的向量;δ r、b r、c r分别是φ r与φ r、φ r与φ′ r、φ r与φ″ r的Kronecker积;
    步骤3:模型的二次型化
    基于式(5),建立输流管-非线性能量阱系统的势能函数Φ(Z),且Φ(Z)为凸函数:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100010
    其中,<KZ,Z>表示向量KZ和Z的欧式内积;则将式(5)转化为:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100011
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100012
    表示凸函数Φ(Z)的梯度;
    步骤4:全局稳定性分析
    基于式(8),定义输流管-非线性能量阱系统的能量泛函E(t)和扰动泛函W(t):
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100014
    基于上述能量泛函和扰动泛函,定义Lyapunov函数V L(t)如下:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100015
    其中,G表示扰动泛函对Lyapunov函数的影响系数,且
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100016
    m 1为矩阵M的最大特征值,λ 0为矩阵C的最小特征值,
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100017
    是矩阵M和矩阵C的逆矩阵C -1的乘积的最大特征值;
    进而,利用泛函分析得到Lyapunov函数V L(t)满足如下指数稳定性判定条件:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100018
    其中,a 0=V L(0),s和P为大于0的参数;
    由于
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100020
    同时结合式(12)得到能量泛函E(t)满足如下关系:
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100021
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2020101592-appb-100022
    至此,得到式(13)为E(t)的指数稳定判定条件;
    结合式(13)、(5)和(4),得到式(3)所示的输流管-非线性能量阱系统的全局稳定性为指数稳定。
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