WO2022011441A1 - Composition et procédé pour atténuer les stress abiotiques et biotiques des plantes - Google Patents

Composition et procédé pour atténuer les stress abiotiques et biotiques des plantes Download PDF

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WO2022011441A1
WO2022011441A1 PCT/BR2021/050241 BR2021050241W WO2022011441A1 WO 2022011441 A1 WO2022011441 A1 WO 2022011441A1 BR 2021050241 W BR2021050241 W BR 2021050241W WO 2022011441 A1 WO2022011441 A1 WO 2022011441A1
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plants
composition
plant
ultraviolet radiation
radiation
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PCT/BR2021/050241
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
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Carlos ARTURO VARON RODRIGUEZ
André LUIZ ABREU
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Abrevia Comércio E Serviços Ltda.
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Publication of WO2022011441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011441A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of chemistry applicable to plants to attenuate damage and abiotic stresses caused by ultraviolet radiation and mitigate biotic damage caused by opportunistic pest organisms as a result. More specifically, the invention relates to a composition and methods involving inorganic sunscreen for use on cultivated plants, aiming to reduce the physical and physiological damages of burning by solar radiation, as well as creating a better physical and physiological condition of plants to better resist infections. fungi and still hindering the proliferation of insect pests chewing on such plants.
  • R-UV ultraviolet radiation
  • emitted by the sun that reaches the earth's surface causes risks not only to human health, but also impacts the intrinsic health of plants.
  • some crops, such as fruits and vegetables the visual appearance of leaves and fruits has been protected against the damage caused by burning by solar radiation (infrared heat, excessive light and even ultraviolet) from sprinkling. on these of products such as Kaolin or Calcium Carbonate to create a protective film.
  • UV radiation in addition to compromising appearance, also limits the productivity of plants cultivated on a large scale for food production (grains, oils, energy, fibers) and may even favor the greater aggressiveness of pests and diseases incident on them, a fact that has become worrying in view of the increases in levels of ultraviolet radiation observed and reported under the ongoing climate changes, more specifically the bands, in the spectrum R-UV, UV-A and UV-B, as UV-C does not reach the earth's surface. While the concern for human protection against exposure to UV radiation is public and well-known, little is said about what happens with plants grown in the same situation.
  • UV radiation also penetrates the interior of the leaves and causes an increase in the level of R.O.S. (reactive oxidative species, or oxidative free radicals) which, although it is a common stress compound resulting from plant respiration and self-removed, when in excess it creates damage to the vital functions of plants.
  • R.O.S. reactive oxidative species, or oxidative free radicals
  • oxidative free radicals attack fundamental cell apparatus (such as photosystem II), proteins (ex: RUBISCO) and the cells' own DNA.
  • ROS oxidative free radicals
  • plants remove oxidative radicals by the action of the enzyme Super Oxidase Dismutase (SOD) which, among its possible forms, the most common are those that contain Copper and Zinc (Cu/Zn-SOD) and especially those that contain Manganese. (Mn-SOD), this vital for dealing with mitochondrial ROS (where respiration and energy generation takes place in the cell).
  • SOD Super Oxidase Dismutase
  • Cu/Zn-SOD Copper and Zinc
  • Mn-SOD Manganese
  • UV radiation also causes indirect negative effects, by increasing the severity of fungal infections on plants under this stress, as can be seen in studies published by William J. Manning in 1995 ( climate change: potential effects of increased Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO & ozone (03), and Ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on plant diseases. Environmental Pollution 88 (1995) 219-245) and, in 2008, by Raquel Ghini and colleagues ( climate Change and Plant Diseases. Sei Agric (Piracicaba, Braz.), v.65, special issue, p.98-107, December 2008).
  • a way to bring attenuation of ultraviolet radiation to cultivated plants is by the external application, on them, of products that provide some blockage such as sunscreen.
  • An example is the commercial product PURSHADE® soluble in water and applied in the form of spray on the leaves and fruits of the plants, available to farmers in the United States, which, according to its manufacturer, reduces the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and thus promotes greater photosynthetic efficiency and productivity increases.
  • the product leaflet its composition is Calcium Carbonate (CaC03 - 62.5%) and doses of around 20 liters per hectare are recommended.
  • a similar product, also based on Calcium Carbonate, available in the Brazilian market is PROTEX ® , which, according to its manufacturer, protects plants from excessive exposure to sunlight.
  • the precondition for Silicon to reach the interior of the plant is to be administered in soluble form, as it is absorbed by the roots or leaves of the plant. Once absorbed, the silicon is translocated following the path of water in the plant until its evapotranspiration in the leaves and the silicon is retained, accumulating under the epidermis of the leaves, where it then reacts chemically and passes into the form of biogenic silica (silicon dioxide). (S1O2) amorphous and soluble) which has a certain optical property that reflects on ultraviolet radiation.
  • the only molecular way for silicon to be taken up by the plant (via the soil or leaf) is as silicic acid (Si(OH)4), which occurs when using soluble fertilizers that can generate it.
  • silicates calcium for soil use, or potassium for foliar use
  • water available in the soil or in foliar application
  • silicic acid which can be absorbed.
  • Takahashi classified the plants in three categories regarding the absorption of the soluble silicon supplied: the Active (eg corn, rice, sugar cane which are very receptive and efficient), the Passive or intermediate (eg soybean, cucurbits) and the Excluding ones (eg tomatoes, which are inefficient).
  • Active eg corn, rice, sugar cane which are very receptive and efficient
  • Passive or intermediate eg soybean, cucurbits
  • Excluding ones eg tomatoes, which are inefficient.
  • Other researchers deepened this study and came to the conclusion that even within a non-Exclusable species, there is still genetic variability for greater or lesser capacity to accumulate the soluble silicon provided.
  • not all crop species and not all cultivars within a species can benefit, or benefit equally, from this possible alternative of applying soluble silicon in the soil or on the leaves for the purpose of attenuating ultraviolet radiation.
  • ⁇ O2 Titanium Dioxide
  • ZnO Zinc Oxide
  • US 8986741 proposes the use of a composition for protecting plants against sunburn or UV radiation, based on a high concentration of ⁇ O2 combined with ZnO, this combination optionally added to S1O2; minerals having a plurality of particle sizes. While the specific description is intended for use on lawns, this document generally may cover other plants. A limitation for this alternative is that although Zinc is frequently used in plant nutrition, the same does not occur with Titanium, since there is controversy about its impact on plant productivity.
  • the document US 6069112 proposes to protect plants against sunburn by applying on the same finely divided particles involving Kaolin, Silica or T1O2, which are obtained from heat treatment between 300°C and 1200°C (which generates a pyrogenic material, amorphous in nature) which, although claimed for dimensions smaller than 3 microns, by the described and claimed thermal process results in dimensions on the order of nanoparticles.
  • the document WO 2007/014826 A3 proposes a composition for application in plants aiming to absorb UV radiation with nanoparticles of metallic oxides with specific surface larger than 20 square meters covered by applied gram (nanoparticle approximately smaller than 200nm), in which the metallic oxides are Ti, Zn, Al and/or Si.
  • US 9833003 proposes a compound based on T1O2 nanoparticles of even smaller size (2nm to 20nm) coated with ZnO and other agents.
  • the present invention comprises a mineral composition, for use on annual or perennial cultivated plants, which acts as a reducer of the incidence and abiotic stresses caused by ultraviolet radiation and attenuates damage from biotic stresses caused by the consequent greater severity of pathogenic fungi and voracity of insect herbivorous pests that attack such plants, said composition comprising microparticles of Silicon Dioxide (S1O2) in crystalline, insoluble and inert form, optionally combined with microparticles of insoluble Zinc Oxide (ZnO), both optionally combined with Manganese ( Mn) from a soluble molecule containing 0 same.
  • S1O2 Silicon Dioxide
  • ZnO insoluble Zinc Oxide
  • Said composition is applied to the aerial part of the plants via spraying and then provides attenuation of the physical and physiological stresses caused by ultraviolet radiation on the external and internal part of the plant tissues with consequent reduction of the resulting severity of damages caused by certain fungi and by insects- opportunistic herbivorous pests.
  • a particular and basic embodiment of the invention comprises a concentration of Silicon Dioxide (S1O2) in its crystalline form, insoluble, inert and in the dimension of microparticles, applied directly on the surface of plants, whose form and modality of use so far it has no precedent of use in application on the aerial part of cultivated plants.
  • S1O2 Silicon Dioxide
  • the invention further comprises methods of using said composition to favor the intrinsic health of the plant, observable in the more vigorous development of leaves, roots, greater number of flowers and fruits and, ultimately, preserving or promoting agricultural productivity and the quality of its fruits, including the application of such composition on the surface of the aerial part of the plants.
  • the present invention comprises a composition to attenuate abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, comprising microparticles of Silicon Dioxide (SIO2) in crystalline, insoluble and inert form, said Silicon Dioxide microparticles having a size between 1 and 70 microns.
  • SIO2 Silicon Dioxide
  • the composition of the invention further comprises insoluble Zinc Oxide, wherein the weight/weight ratio of S1O2 and ZnO is comprised between 80:20 and 60:40; Manganese, provided by a molecule or compound in a soluble form and absorbable by the leaves of plants, and the content of the Manganese element is between 1:4 to 1:20 (w/w) in relation to the weight of S1O2.
  • composition of the invention may also contain other additives, up to a maximum limit of 70% by weight of additives in relation to the weight of S1O2, selected from: mineral nutrients of foliar applicability, vegetable or mineral antioxidants, organic or inorganic sunscreens , mineral oils, vegetable oils, biocides, pesticides, vegetable hormones, and others.
  • additives up to a maximum limit of 70% by weight of additives in relation to the weight of S1O2, selected from: mineral nutrients of foliar applicability, vegetable or mineral antioxidants, organic or inorganic sunscreens , mineral oils, vegetable oils, biocides, pesticides, vegetable hormones, and others.
  • composition is presented for use, preferably, containing a total weight/weight between 900 gr/kilo and 999 gr/kilo associated with solid components adjuvants and surfactant, or containing a total weight/volume between 1 gr/liter and 800 g/liter in a suspension associated with emollient components and suspenders of insoluble particles in the medium, stabilizers and preservatives and surfactants.
  • the present invention further comprises a method for attenuating abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, to preserve or increase the productivity and quality of annual or perennial cultivated plants, said method comprising spraying on the exposed parts of the plant a solution of the composition of the invention.
  • the method for mitigating the physical and physiological damage caused under abiotic stress by UV-B and UV-A ultraviolet radiation provides for spraying on plant parts exposed to direct and diffuse insolation, from the initial development of the plants.
  • the method for mitigating the severity of pathogenic fungi increased by the damage caused by UV-B and UV-A ultraviolet radiation to cultivated plants comprises carrying out preventive sprays before the risk of infection.
  • the method to attenuate the voracity of herbivorous pest insects to cultivated plants comprises spraying from the initial incidence of the target pest in its neonatal phase.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagrammatic visual scale, containing images of soybean leaflets ordered according to the severity of damage caused by ultraviolet radiation in situations of UV-B and UV-B + UV-A radiation, which serves as the basis for the scale from 1 to 5 used to qualify the results of studies with the composition;
  • FIG. 2 presents selected images extracted from example 02, showing lettuce leaves of the Roman cultivar (Lactuca sativa variety longifolia), according to the levels of damage suffered by ultraviolet radiation and the response of alternative treatments to attenuate them;
  • FIG. 3 shows images of soybean leaflets, selected from example 03 to illustrate the impact on plant leaflets (leaf size and cuticle damage), according to the increasing dose of UV-B radiation in both experimental situations, with and without application of the composition to mitigate said impacts;
  • FIG. 4 presents a photograph showing two adult maize plants for visual comparison of abiotic stress damage of an unprotected plant (on the left) with a plant protected by the use of the composition;
  • FIG. 5 presents a diagrammatic scale for evaluating the severity of the pathogenic biotic agent in plants, called Asian soybean rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow) in leaflets (a leaf of a trifoliate), adopted as reference for the evaluation of example 04;
  • Asian soybean rust fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow
  • leaflets a leaf of a trifoliate
  • FIG. 6 shows illustrative images of example 04, with leaflets of soybean plants infected with the pathogenic biotic agent fungus Asian soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow), showing the average severity resulting from the alternatives tested after the fungus has been inoculated and completed its cycle reproductive (sporulating again to increase the epidemic); and
  • - Figure 7 presents images related to example 6, of leaflets of soybean plants damaged by chewing by larvae of the insect pest Spodopetra frugiperda, under the treatment alternatives in typical condition of infestation by newly hatched larvae.
  • preserve productivity or "preserve quality”, in the context related to plants treated with the composition, means to minimize the losses that would be imposed by abiotic and biotic stresses or even allow a higher performance within the intrinsic genetic capacity of said plant.
  • agronomically acceptable in the context of the present invention, means the use of materials that are certified for safe use in agricultural areas and in cultivated plants, that is, applied with equipment and under routine application technologies in the activity of cultivation.
  • insects in the concept of biotic stresses attenuated by the treatment of plants with said composition, means insect species that in their larval stage cause damage to plants by consuming plant parts, such as leaves, flowers, flower buds, branches, fruits, sap, including, but not limited to, insects of the order Lepidoptera.
  • the present invention discloses a chemical composition
  • a chemical composition comprising a concentrated suspension of crystalline S1O2 (Silicon Dioxide), insoluble in water and in microparticle size, alternatively in combination with ZnO (Zinc Oxide) insoluble in water and, alternatively, still added with a water-soluble molecule based on Mn (Manganese), this composition can be diluted and maintained with particles suspended in a volume of water and then sprayed on the foliage, branches and fruits of cultivated plants and thus act on the parts of the plant. plant to mitigate the damage caused by harmful ultraviolet radiation to it.
  • the present composition according to the invention aims to preserve aspects of plant health negatively impacted by ultraviolet radiation and, consequently, maintain the productive capacity of plants or even increase their productivity and the quality of its products for commercialization.
  • the composition of the invention contains materials considered safe for use in agriculture and can be applied simply and with the desired and expected effect on any plant species, including varieties thereof.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises on w/w bases:
  • S1O2 Silicon Dioxide
  • Zinc Oxide from 5% to 30%, preferably between 15% and 25%, in the microparticle dimension, insoluble in water;
  • - Manganese from 1% to 10%, preferably from 3% to 8%, in the form of a water-soluble molecule containing this element Mn, whose proportion of such molecule in the composition has that Mn content in the final composition, and the weight/weight ratio between S1O2 and ZnO is between 80:20 and 20:80, preferably between 80:20 and 60:40; and the proportion of the element Manganese is comprised between 1:4 to 1:20 (w/w) in relation to the weight of S1O2; the particle size of the S1O2 being between 1 and 70 microns, preferably between 1 and 40 microns; the particle size of the ZnO being between 0.5 and 10 microns; and being the water-soluble Mn provider molecule.
  • the concentration of the total solids is between 1% and 80% in w/v, preferably between 40% and 70%; being that such concentrated suspension contains one or more adjuvants such as humectants, emollients, mineral or vegetable oils, surfactants, suspenders, stabilizers, conditioners and preservatives, which form a stable suspension in storage, providing an adequate dilution in spraying solution, a distribution of particles uniform in the spray drops and a good fixation of these on the parts of the sprayed plant.
  • adjuvants such as humectants, emollients, mineral or vegetable oils, surfactants, suspenders, stabilizers, conditioners and preservatives
  • composition When the composition is presented in the form of Wettable Powder, it may contain a content of 0.1 to 10% of other solid adjuvants for good suspension of spraying solution and coverage and fixation of sprayed drops, such as for example surfactants, conditioners and stabilizers.
  • other solid adjuvants for good suspension of spraying solution and coverage and fixation of sprayed drops, such as for example surfactants, conditioners and stabilizers.
  • Silicon Dioxide (or Silica), S1O2 in its crystalline and insoluble form, and in the size of microparticles, is obtained from the processing of the known raw material as “industrial sand”, as well as quartz sand or silica sand, which is not yet used for application on the structures of the aerial part of cultivated plants, as it is not a fertilizer or nutrient as a source of silicon.
  • Industrial sand as well as quartz sand or silica sand
  • quartz sand or silica sand which is not yet used for application on the structures of the aerial part of cultivated plants, as it is not a fertilizer or nutrient as a source of silicon.
  • the United States of America is the world's largest producer of industrial sand, and no use is indicated of the product for application in cultivated plants.
  • the source is always different, using only the amorphous and soluble form, obtained from silicates or diatoms (see International Plant Nutrition Institute at http://www.ipni. net/nutrifacts).
  • an achievement under the invention is the step of grinding or micronizing such particles of crystalline silica from industrial sand until obtaining a smaller, micrometric and more suitable diameter of that naturally disposed and in the basic sieving processes, a diameter small enough for the particles become susceptible to suspension in a liquid medium and consequently suitable for foliar spraying on plants in an agronomically acceptable way, whose particle size keeps the silica chemically inert and without nutritional effect.
  • the crystalline Silica (S1O2) particles are of a size between 1 and 71 microns, preferably of D90 between 1 and 40 microns and more preferably of D50 between 1 and 15 microns, a preferred embodiment of the composition being under the invention a particle size of D90 between 1 and 10 microns and D50 between 1 and 5 microns, which allows a suspension in liquid medium with stability under the gentle and constant agitation of an agricultural sprayer to be uniformly sprayed on the target plant.
  • this crystalline form of insoluble and non-absorbable S1O2 once applied and deposited on the cuticle of the plant parts (external part), has proved to be a surprisingly effective physical element to mitigate stresses and even superior on the amorphous and/or soluble absorbable form of silicas or silicates, these forms used for the nutrition of Si in plants via soil or foliar which result, in another way, in the deposit of biogenic (amorphous) S1O2 under the cuticle (internal part of the leaf).
  • the differential under the present invention is to directly and immediately dispose the S1O2 on the target to be protected, in a form that is not easily washable by rain or irrigation, in a particle size with feasibility of agronomic use in spraying and with a size and hardness that fulfill a protective function.
  • This aspect of resistance to removal by washing the leaves provides an adequate protection interval for the plants until new leaves appear and deserve to be treated equally and, in the same way, as the plant develops, the previously treated and protected leaves pass to be located in the inner and lower parts of the plants, which are preferential target areas for some pests and diseases and at the same time difficult to be reached by the spraying drops of pesticides.
  • An advantage of this technique of direct deposition on the leaf epidermis with S1O2 in crystalline and inert form as described in the present invention is to be usable and effective on any plant species or on any variety of a plant species, since there is total independence of any metabolism of the plant in question, different from the use of a soluble source of Silicon that depends on the differentiated capacity between and intra species to absorb (in the form of silicic acid), translocate and store the Silicon that finally generates S1O2 in the plant, but being biogenic, amorphous and under the leaf epidermis.
  • Crystalline silica in the particle size suitable for use under the present invention can be obtained from various mineral sources, but especially by milling industrial sand or pre-crushed quartz and, in either case, possibly subject to other additional processes. micronization process, including the collection of processing dust from those sources, leading to material with a particle size smaller than 71 microns.
  • Another embodiment of the composition comprises the presence of Zinc Oxide (ZnO), insoluble, in microparticle size, complementary to crystalline Silicon Dioxide (S1O2), for the desired functionality.
  • ZnO Zinc Oxide
  • S1O2 crystalline Silicon Dioxide
  • ZnO in the microparticle dimension is used in agriculture as a fertilizer of minor importance as a source of Zinc, since the nutritional element Zn is largely provided from a soluble source such as Zinc Sulfate (ZnS04) .
  • ZnS04 Zinc Sulfate
  • an embodiment of said composition is that ZnO is present in D90 particles between 1 and 10 microns, which allows a spray mixture suspension of up to 1.2% v/v with stability under gentle and constant agitation of an agricultural sprayer to be evenly sprinkled on the aerial part of the target plant.
  • An advantage of the invention is that while the particle size of the elements of said composition in micrometers provides a reasonable blocking effect of ultraviolet radiation, such particle size does not bring the current regulatory concerns about the large-scale use in the environment of nanoparticles. of metal oxides.
  • the elements S1O2 and ZnO of said composition act in an additive way to attenuate the abiotic stresses caused by ultraviolet radiation that harm the biomass and productivity of plants.
  • these elements of the composition act additively and even synergistically, as the data of some examples below show, an aspect of embodiment of the composition under the invention is that the weight/weight ratio of S1O2 and ZnO, under the particle sizes described are between 80:20 and 60:40.
  • another aspect of the invention is the optional addition, together with the SiC>2/ZnO mixture, of a portion of Manganese (Mn) from a soluble molecule accepted for agronomic use as a plant nutrient such as, for example, Manganese Sulfate. (MnS04.3H20), Manganese Chloride (MnCl2.4H20), Manganese Carbonate (MnCCh), Manganese Nitrate (Mn (N03)2.6H20) or Manganese Chelate (CioHi2N20eMnNa2).
  • MnS04.3H20 Manganese Sulfate.
  • MnCl2.4H20 Manganese Chloride
  • MnCCh Manganese Carbonate
  • Mn (N03)2.6H20) Manganese Chelate
  • One embodiment of the composition is the use, for example, but not limited to this example, of Manganese Sulfate, in the ratio for the SiO2/Zn0 mixture between 1:1 and 1:10, a preferred embodiment
  • compositions in combination with one or more agronomically acceptable plant nutritional components, recommended for foliar application, aiming to nutritionally strengthen the plant in other aspects, which can be added in a presentation of the composition of the present invention, but in a non-prevalent form, that is, in less than 50% weight/weight of the final formulation, such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mn), Boron (B), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo), Chloride (CI-), Soluble Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), and even Soluble Silicon (Si), Nickel (Ni) and Selenium (Se).
  • agronomically acceptable plant nutritional components recommended for foliar application, aiming to nutritionally strengthen the plant in other aspects, which can be added in a presentation of the composition of the present invention, but in a non-prevalent form, that is, in less than 50% weight/weight of the final
  • antioxidants can further increase the attenuation of this abiotic stress in plants.
  • another embodiment of the present invention provides for the composition in combination with one or more antioxidant products, in a non-prevalent manner, i.e. less than 50% w/w, such as, but not limited to, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, alpha-tocopherol.
  • composition under the invention is presented in a form suitable for dispersion in water in order to obtain a sprayable spray, either in the form of Wettable Powder (WP) or then as Concentrated Suspension (SC), a preferred embodiment being the presentation as Concentrated Suspension (SC).
  • WP Wettable Powder
  • SC Concentrated Suspension
  • the preparation of the spray mixture can add adjuvants to obtain adequate coverage by the drops on the outside of the plants.
  • an embodiment regarding the method of using the Wettable Powder (PM) formulated composition is the addition of suspenders, surfactants, anionic or non-ionic surfactants to the spray mixture, with non-ionic surfactants being a preferred embodiment, to obtain an aqueous suspension with a final concentration of use in the application between 0.1% and 5%, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5%, which, once sprayed on a crop, results in a dose of 0.1 to 2.0 kg per hectare of the formulated PM product, preferably a dose between 0.5 and 1.0 kg per hectare.
  • An embodiment of the composition under the invention when presented in the SC formulation, is to contain wetting and suspending agents for insoluble particles, which allow a distribution of the particles in the spray droplets, a slow settling and a rapid resuspension of the composition. in the spray solution.
  • a particle distributing agent are oils paraffinic or vegetable minerals, emulsifiable or aided by emulsifying agents, in adequate concentration to provide a uniform aqueous suspension with slow settling.
  • an embodiment of the composition in the SC formulation is that it can contain surfactants to generate an oil/water emulsion by wetting the insoluble particles and improving their suspensibility.
  • composition in the SC formulation may contain anionic or non-ionic surfactants, preferably a combination of both, to promote better coverage and fixation of the spray drops on the surface of the target plant for treatment.
  • composition in the SC formulation can contain stabilizing agents, preservatives and coloring agents to preserve the properties of the SC formulation upon storage.
  • composition under an SC Sespension Concentrate
  • SC Concentrated Suspension
  • this volume of concentrated suspension presented can be later diluted in a volume of 50 to 200 liters of water, preferably between 100 and 150 liters, and be applied via spray to treat 1 hectare of medium-sized cultivated plants.
  • the determination of the volume of water for diluting and spraying this volume of the exemplified SC composition is determined by the characteristics of the spraying equipment.
  • the dose per hectare, of this example of the described formula can be reduced by up to 50% when the target plants of treatment have little leaf area per square meter to be protected (plants in the initial vegetative stage) or increased by up to 100% when the plants be in fullness of development, with large leaf area per square meter.
  • An embodiment under the present invention involves methods of protecting plants and their parts from damage arising from exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation.
  • the damages in this case are defined as chlorosis, necrosis and/or tanning of leaves or fruits, deformation and/or less development of leaves, reduction in the accumulation of plant biomass, reduction of root development, reduction in the viability and fecundity of pollination, abortion of flowers and fruits, increased oxidative stress, water loss due to increased leaf transpiration, reduced oil and protein contents in plant parts, reduced fiber quality.
  • Solar ultraviolet radiation as defined in the present invention is electromagnetic waves between 290 and 400 nanometers.
  • example 05 further on the data show that the composition, while attenuating abiotic stresses, reduced the severity of phytopathogenic fungus.
  • the data indicate that the use of the composition associated with fungicides provided the best results in plant productivity in crop conditions.
  • another embodiment under the present invention involves methods by using the composition regularly applied to plants to protect such plants and parts thereof from fungal diseases and from pathogenicity increased by the debility of the plant exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation. Diseases in this case being defined as fungi, bacteria and viruses.
  • Another embodiment under the present invention involves methods of reducing damage and proliferation of herbivorous pest insects that infest said cultivated plants from the use of said composition.
  • the data presented in example 07 obtained from controlled tests, demonstrate that the crystalline and insoluble S1O2 component and in the microparticle size, present in the composition under the said invention, presents performance in reducing the voracity and development of lepidopteran species (caterpillars) important in the agriculture, which cause economic damage through the destruction of leaves and fruits.
  • the performance of the component under the present invention observed from the data, is clearly superior to that provided by soluble silicon, reported in the prior art as something functional for this purpose and, in fact, the observed performance approximates the level of a pyrethroid insecticide evaluated as a positive standard.
  • the aqueous suspension for spraying said composition can be applied on cultivated plants by means of typical spray equipment used in crops, with spray nozzles of liquids commonly determined to obtain fine droplets that adequately cover the surface of the leaves and fruits of the plants.
  • An embodiment of the invention is that the composition is applied from the first vegetative stages of the plants, repeating the treatment at intervals of 05 to 30 days, as the target plant species produces new leaves and/or grows in volume of total biomass. that again becomes subject to damage from ultraviolet radiation and/or there are indications that biotic targets will occur.
  • the cultivated plants defined under the present invention are those of agricultural, economic or ornamental importance, annual or perennial.
  • Examples of cultivated plants include, without limitation: soy, corn, beans, rice, cotton, sugar cane, wheat, coffee, cocoa, citrus, vine, eucalyptus, cocoa, potato, lettuce, among others.
  • the doses of ultraviolet radiation (R-UV) or for its UV-B and/or UV-A ranges, used in the exemplified studies, are given in kJoules/m 2 /day for the tests with controlled ultraviolet radiation in a greenhouse and, for tests in the field environment, in IUV (UV indices).
  • a fixed reference dose was established as a parameter, since in the environment the daily dose of ultraviolet radiation that reaches plants on the earth's surface is variable: by latitude, altitude, time of year, time of day and by variations in aerosols in the atmosphere.
  • values of 1040 kJ/m 2 /day were estimated, comprising 1012 kJ/m 2 /day of UV-A and 28 kJ/m 2 /day of UV-B.
  • the estimate is based on the calculation that considers the Horizontal Global Irradiation for the month of January and the Southeast and Midwest agricultural regions of Brazil, with an average of 5500 Wh/m 2 /day, or 18.9 MJ/m 2 /day, according to the data published by INPE (National Institute for Space Research in Brazil (Brazilian atlas of solar energy. 2nd ed.
  • UV index (UVI) graphs published daily by the same INPE, with measurements every 15 minutes of the maximum UVI and attenuated UVI, shows that, on average, for the month of January, in this region, there is an attenuation of 25% of the UVI, which finally results in 1040 kJ/m 2 /day of ultraviolet radiation.
  • eta on plants which is corroborated within the scope of data taken over five years for the month and region, published by Escobedo, JF and collaborators in 2008 (Monthly variations of UV, PAR and IV solar fractions of Global Radiation in Botucatu. II Brazilian Solar Energy Congress and III ISES Latin American Regional Conference - Florianópolis, November 18 to 21, 2008).
  • UV-B and UV-A fractions in this total R-UV dose found, this was divided according to the percentage rates that vary throughout the day, published by Marcelo Corrêa ( Solar ultraviolet radiation: properties, characteristics and amounts observed in Brazil and South America. Anais de Dermatologia 2015;90(3):297-313), whose calculations showed in this situation of month and region that the UV-B fraction is around 2.67% of the dose of daily ultraviolet radiation, ie 28 kJ/m 2 /day and the remaining 1012 kJ/m 2 /day being UV-A.
  • the doses of ultraviolet radiation were generated with special lamps and the dose adjustment was made by the exposure time and distance between the lamp and the target plant, calibrated with the INSTRUTHERM ultraviolet radiation meter.
  • MRU-201 which performs radiation reading within the spectrum from 290 to 390nm on the pW/cm 2 scale, while for field studies, data published daily by IN PE were taken to estimate the incident doses in the experiment
  • soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] of the cultivar NA5909RG of wide adaptation were used, cultivated in pots and nourished via daily ferti-irrigation with a complete supply of soluble macro and micro nutrients according to the need established in the “March of Nutrient Absorption by Soybean” published by EMBRAPA.
  • the plants were grown under a controlled environment in a greenhouse protected by 150 micron GINEGAR plastic with a UV filter, which allows the transmittance and diffusion of PAR light but prevents the transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (R-UV), confirmed by the measurement of ultraviolet radiation.
  • Controlled ultraviolet radiation was provided with special lamps according to the experiment: pure UV-B radiation was obtained with a Philips TL 40W/12S lamp; the pure UV-A radiation obtained with the Philips TL-K 40W/10-R lamp; irradiance for the entire solar spectrum (UV-A, UV-B, PAR and IR) from the Osram Vitalux 300W lamp and, in some study, the REPTO LUX PRO 10.0 lamp that provides UV-A and UV-B radiation .
  • the cultivation with and without ultraviolet radiation took place under the same greenhouse environment, using the same plastic separator curtain with UV filter to exclude UV-A and/or UV-B radiation on control treatments, and thus isolating other factors. environmental factors that could interfere with the results.
  • composition under the invention was formulated under alternative ingredients, concentration, coding and formulation.
  • alternatives with the composition under the invention are presented below as COMP01-04 and the products of the art as REF(n), detailed in their characteristics in Table 1 below.
  • COMP01, COMP02, COMP03 and COMP04 S1O2 is Crystalline and insoluble with >99.0% purity in microparticles whose dimensions according to analytical reports are between 2 to 71 pm; ZnO is insoluble with >99.5% purity in microparticles whose size according to analytical reports is between 0.9 to 18pm.
  • COMP02 is a Concentrated Suspension of the elements aided, in the formulation of 1000 ml, by 67 ml of paraffinic mineral oil, 2 ml of non-ionic surfactant and 877 ml of distilled water.
  • COMP03 is a Concentrated Suspension of the elements assisted, in the formulation of 1000 ml, by 20 ml of vegetable oil; 20 g of anionic surfactant; 8 ml of non-ionic surfactant and 700 ml of distilled water.
  • Soybean plants were grown without exposure to ultraviolet radiation (negative control) and under exposure to UV-A plus UV-B radiation without protective treatment (positive control) or with protective treatments (alternatives).
  • said composition was tested under the formula COMP01, as well as the isolated components thereof (insoluble crystalline SiO2, corresponding to COMP04, and insoluble ZnO).
  • doses of treatments containing Silicon were adjusted between products to 140 grams/hectare of this element.
  • the dose of ZnO relative to S1O2 was established in the proportion of 25%:75% respectively.
  • Potassium Silicate the form most commonly used in foliar nutrition, from fertilizer commercially available SC foliar fertilizer, SIFOL®
  • REF01 fertilizer commercially available SC foliar fertilizer
  • Silicic Acid the form that is readily absorbable by the plant, from commercially available commercial foliar fertilizer, SIFOL POWDER®
  • the plants were spray treated between the stages of 2 trifoliate (V2) to 5 trifoliate (V5) at 5-day intervals and were irradiated for 14 days with doses equivalent to 38 kJ/m 2 /day of UV-B radiation plus 1376 kJ/m 2 /day of UV-A radiation, from 24 hours after the first treatment to 24 hours after the last treatment and were evaluated at the beginning of the reproductive phase (R1), whose data are presented in table 2.
  • Table 2 Response of soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to the stress of ultraviolet radiation, UV-A plus UV-B, regarding leaf damage, its vegetative development and root, under the tested alternatives.
  • Table 3 Response of romaine lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa variety longifolia) to UV-A and UV-B radiation stress and their vegetative development under the tested alternatives.
  • composition showed clearly superior performance to the treatment used from previous references (treatment 3) such as those given in patent application WO 2007/014826 A3, which involves nanoparticles of amorphous silica, which in these extreme conditions of ultraviolet radiation did not provide a reasonable protection to avoid necrosis or to allow normal leaf development.
  • treatment 3 such as those given in patent application WO 2007/014826 A3, which involves nanoparticles of amorphous silica, which in these extreme conditions of ultraviolet radiation did not provide a reasonable protection to avoid necrosis or to allow normal leaf development.
  • the study in this example evaluated the composition performance under the invention under different levels of UV-B radiation.
  • the UV-B component of ultraviolet radiation was adopted in this experiment because it is considered by many scholars as the most harmful or erythematous.
  • the object cultivated plant species was Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].
  • a group of vessels was kept in isolation from UV-B radiation and another group had the vessels positioned on platforms with different proximity to the lamp generating the UV-B radiation (adjusted following the intensity measurements with the Instrutherm meter. MRU-201).
  • UV-B radiation levels of 0, 38 and 55 kJoules/m 2 /day were provided for 14 days, between stages V2 to V5 (from two to five trefoils).
  • each radiation level 2 pots were used, one WITHOUT foliar application of said composition and another WITH application.
  • 3 plants were grown, with each plant being evaluated as a repetition.
  • the aforementioned composition was tested under the formula COMP01, with a suspension containing 4.0 grams per liter of distilled water, plus a non-ionic surfactant in the recommended dose of the package insert (0.5 ml/liter) for adequate droplet scattering.
  • the pots with application received the spraying of the composition under the invention every 5 days, starting 24 hours before the start of the radiation.
  • the plants were evaluated for stress on the whole plant at 5, 8 and 14 days after the end of the period under radiation, following the scale given in figure 1 of the annex, producing an average data by repetition of three readings.
  • Table 4 Response of soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to exposure under different doses of UV-B radiation, with and without application of the composition (4.0 g/liter of COMP01) for its protection, regarding the leaf damage by stress (chlorosis, necrosis, malformation), to vegetative (leaves) and root (roots) development under the tested alternatives.
  • the UV-B radiation dose levels in this example are challenging, as they represent +50% to +100% that taken as a reference for mid-summer cultivation.
  • the damage caused by UV-B radiation in the challenge treatments were severe, in the order of 35 % to 48% of leaf damage, from -34% to -48% in leaf size and from -45% to roots.
  • the composition (COMP01), according to the invention was effective in mitigating to a large extent the growing damage to the shoot and completely avoided damage to the root system.
  • the test area was subjected to two applications with the composition under the invention, at 19 and 25 days after the emergence of germinated seedlings, that is, in V4 and V6, with COMP03 at a dose of 1.0 liter per hectare, suspended in a volume of water of 100 liters/ha.
  • the UV index data were recorded daily from the INPE consultation (at URL http://satelite.cptec.inpe.br/uv/) as well as the rainfall index with INMET (National Institute of Meteorology at URL http ://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/) and, with the analysis of both data, a weekly stress index on the area of the experiment was qualified. Table 5 below gathers these data for the period of the initial eight weeks of crop development, which involves the complete vegetative period.
  • Table 5 Vegetative development cycle of the corn crop under the experiment, resulting stress levels and moments and the protective treatment.
  • Soybean plants were grown side by side under three situations of exposure to ultraviolet radiation: (A) ambient UV (plants under the sun), (B) artificial UV (UV-B+UV-A) and (C) no UV. Plants in situation (B) and (C) were protected from solar radiation by anti-UV plastic film, as well as for additional isolation of plants in situation (C). The study was installed on 02/22/2019, and during the 60 days of plant cultivation, measurements of ambient ultraviolet radiation indicated average daily doses of 24 kJoules/m 2 of UV-B radiation and 889 k Joules/m 2 of UV-A radiation.
  • the artificial radiation was adjusted to produce a dose of 25 k Joules/m 2 of UV-B radiation and 907 k Joules/m 2 of UV-A radiation for 31 days.
  • said composition was tested under the above specified formulas COMP01 and COMP02.
  • the element Manganese which aims to complement within the leaf the attenuation of abiotic stress, from the cellular physiological machinery as an antioxidant promoter.
  • the plants were subjected to doses of ultraviolet radiation from the V2 to R3 stage for 11 days, followed by an interval of 5 days and again for another 20 days.
  • the treatments with the formulas under said composition were applied 06 times in this period, from 02 hours before exposure to ultraviolet radiation and then every 5 days apart.
  • the plants were subjected to two inoculations with uredospores of the fungus (obtained from the South and Southeast regions of Brazil), the first at 13 days after starting treatments and exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the second 12 days after the first.
  • the amount of inoculum was increased, starting from soybean leaves under intense severity (> 50%) and in sporulation, in an amount of approximately 20 leaves with inoculum for each inoculated plant.
  • the uredospores of the fungus were extracted from the leaves with a wet brush of distilled water with surfactant, added in steps of volumes every 30 minutes and sprayed repeatedly on all plants.
  • the leaflets (individual leaves of a trefoil) were extracted from the plants, in order from trefoil 1 to trefoil 6, photographed on the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) faces and then evaluated in percentage of severity for each leaflet following the Scale proposed in 2006 by Godoy et al (Diagrammatic Scale for Assessment of Soybean Rust Severity. Fitopatol. Bras. 31(1), Jan. - Feb. 2006) according to figure 5 in the annex.
  • Table 6 Effect of formulas of the composition under the invention on abiotic (damage to vegetative and reproductive structure) and biotic (pathogenic fungus) stresses of soybean under UV-B and UV-A radiation)
  • treatment 1 The greater impacts on the plant by ambient solar radiation (treatment 1) compared to the artificial one (treatment 2) are expected, since the full dose of rays at each wavelength of the spectrum (from 290 to 390nm) is expected in the environment. , while the lamps emulate rays at peaks within the range, in the case of UV-B radiation at 305nm and UV-A radiation at 365nm.
  • the treatment method with the composition proved to be effective in attenuating the severity of the fungus, having been more effective the greater its effect in protecting the plant from abiotic damage (leaves, biomass, root).
  • the number of pods (fruits) was negatively impacted by ultraviolet radiation in the order of 35% (treatment 1 and 2 vs treatment 5), and under the method by using the composition , especially with the formula used in treatment 4, fruiting losses were remedied.
  • an embodiment under the invention is the method of attenuating the severity of infection by Asian Soybean Rust, by prior attenuation of damage from ultraviolet radiation, by means of external application of protectors against said radiation with or without association with specific fungicide treatments.
  • an achievement under the present invention is the method of associating specific fungicides to the composition, aiming to increase the efficiency index in the fight against pathogenic fungi by multiple means: direct fungistatic and indirect action via improvement in the intrinsic resistance of the plant.
  • plots 1 An area called “A, with Cultivar BMX Foco IPRO was divided into plots 1 (standard used by the farmer taken as a reference) and 2 (experimental area with the composition); in the same way, the other area called “B, with Cultivar BMX Bónus IPRO, was divided into plots 1 and 2. While plots 1 involve an extensive cultivated area, plots 2, in each situation, occupied a test surface of 4000m 2 . In the area dedicated to the use of the composition, the applications were made aiming to attenuate the abiotic stresses caused by ultraviolet radiation as well as to favor the effectiveness of fungicides against Asian Rust.
  • the composition was used three times in areas 2A and 2B (in Table 7 below with the name “Experimental Area”): once in the vegetative stage of the crop, in the V4 stage (40 DAP - Days After Planting), and twice in the reproductive phase in association with fungicides (at 53 DAP combined with Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole and then at 68 DAP combined with Azoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupyr).
  • the dose of the composition was 500 grams/ha of the formula COMP01 plus a non-ionic surfactant in the package insert.
  • Table 7 Effect of the use of the COMP01 composition on soybean productivity, in a preventive management system for abiotic stresses from ultraviolet radiation and as an alternative to complement the control of biotic stress caused by Asian soybean rust.
  • Cultivated plants are subject to predatory attack caused by several orders of insect pests that impair the productivity of crops, so it is common to use insecticide molecules to reduce the infestation of such insects when they reach a level of economic damage.
  • Pests chewing plant parts are especially important because they destroy the leaf area or whole fruits, among them those of the order Lepidoptera (caterpillars).
  • Example 07 below brings data from a study carried out under controlled conditions, following typical protocols for evaluating the effectiveness of insecticides, in which it is observed that the component for three species of high relevance in agriculture.
  • Leaflets of the treated plants were collected and placed in a Petri dish on moistened filter paper, then infested with larvae of Lepidoptera species and incubated for 5 days until the evaluation. To simulate the most adverse conditions (deterioration of the applied product and larger larvae), the leaves were collected at two times: 06 hours and 4 days after application, and in the first time (Table 8A) the infested larvae were 3-4 mm ( first instar) and in the second season (Table 8B) were 4 to 8 mm (second instar). For each pest and time tested, a total of 04 leaves (four) were used, each one serving as a repetition.
  • Chrysodeixis includens, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera, all of great importance in agriculture (Soybean, Cotton, Corn, Beans, etc.), reared and characterized in the diet since oviposition. Leaf consumption (defoliation) and larval size were evaluated.
  • Table 8A Efficacy of soybean foliar treatment with crystalline S1O2 on lepidopteran voracity and development. Infestation 6 hours after treatment. Mean consumption of 4 infested leaflets and mean size of all larvae in the set of 4 replicates.
  • Table 8B Efficacy of soybean foliar treatment with crystalline S1O2 on lepidopteran voracity and development. Infestation 4 days after treatment. Average consumption of 4 infested leaflets and average size of all larvae in the set of 4 replicates.
  • the new S1O2 component in the compositions according to the present invention is effective in reducing the voracity of chewing pests, being superior to that provided by Silicon in the soluble form reported in the state of the art.
  • the use of insoluble crystalline S1O2 and microparticle size reduced pest voracity between 50 and 70% and reduced pest size development by 30 to 35%.
  • the insoluble crystalline S1O2 and microparticle size had an efficacy close to that of a recognized insecticide, and this species is considered polyphagous (attacks numerous plant species) and has a great capacity to develop resistance to insecticides and proteins.
  • an embodiment of the present invention is the method of associating specific insecticides to the composition, aiming to increase the effectiveness rate in combating herbivorous insects by multiple modes of action.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition minérale à base de dioxyde de silicium, spécifiquement sous forme cristalline, insoluble et inerte, avec une taille de particules comprise entre 1 et 70 micromètres et, de préférence, ajoutée à de l'oxyde de zinc insoluble et à une source de manganèse. Ladite composition, lorsqu'elle est appliquée sur les parties aériennes exposées de la plante par pulvérisation d'une suspension aqueuse provenant d'une poudre mouillable ou d'une suspension concentrée, débouche sur le dépôt d'une couche externe de protection contre les rayons UV-A et UV-B. Des tests dans des champs et des serres démontrent amplement la relation directe entre l'atténuation des stress biotiques et abiotiques à partir de la composition de l'invention, et une amélioration de la santé de la plante et de sa productivité.
PCT/BR2021/050241 2020-07-16 2021-06-04 Composition et procédé pour atténuer les stress abiotiques et biotiques des plantes WO2022011441A1 (fr)

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