WO2022007318A1 - Système composite de déshumidification de solution basée sur une régénération par évaporation éclair et de préparation d'eau douce - Google Patents

Système composite de déshumidification de solution basée sur une régénération par évaporation éclair et de préparation d'eau douce Download PDF

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WO2022007318A1
WO2022007318A1 PCT/CN2020/132781 CN2020132781W WO2022007318A1 WO 2022007318 A1 WO2022007318 A1 WO 2022007318A1 CN 2020132781 W CN2020132781 W CN 2020132781W WO 2022007318 A1 WO2022007318 A1 WO 2022007318A1
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Prior art keywords
dehumidification
solution
liquid
flash
phase change
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PCT/CN2020/132781
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
牛晓峰
柯庆
何旭
陆志恒
董红林
夏芮峰
王丹丹
高鹏
段地长
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南京工业大学
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Publication of WO2022007318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007318A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution dehumidification and fresh water production composite system based on flash regeneration, which dehumidifies the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condenses the water vapor discharged from solution flash regeneration at room temperature to obtain
  • the fresh water not only realizes the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water production, but also solves the regeneration problem of the existing dehumidification solution containing phase change microcapsules.
  • a solution dehumidification and fresh water production compound system based on flash regeneration comprising a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier and a flash regenerator;
  • the dehumidifier is provided with a dehumidifying filler, so The upper part of the dehumidifying packing is provided with a liquid distributor, the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying packing through the liquid distributor, and the moist air is passed into the dehumidifier from the lower part of the dehumidifier through a fan;
  • the flash regenerator includes a condensation pipe and The spray pipe, the condenser pipe and the external cooling water pool form a cooling water circulation loop through the pipe;
  • the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier, and the diluted and endothermic phase change dehumidification liquid enters the flash regenerator through the connecting pipe It is sprayed out through the spray pipe in
  • the phase-change dehumidification solution is obtained by adding phase-change microcapsules with a mass fraction of no more than 10% in the dehumidification salt solution; wherein, the dehumidification salt solution is lithium chloride solution, lithium bromide solution or calcium chloride solution.
  • phase-change dehumidification liquid is prepared by the following method: adding the phase-change microcapsules into the dehumidifying salt solution, stirring to make the phase-change microcapsules evenly dispersed, adding a composite surfactant to the suspension, and continuing to stir to obtain Stable phase change dehumidifier.
  • the present invention adopts phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as working fluid.
  • the flash regenerator is connected with an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump.
  • the flash regenerator includes a fresh water production area and a solution regeneration area separated by a partition plate, the condensation pipe is located in the fresh water preparation area, the spray pipe is located in the solution regeneration area, and a The water collecting tray is provided with a concentrated solution tray under the spray pipe.
  • the water collecting tray is connected with the water tank through a pipeline
  • the concentrated solution tray is connected with the solution tank through a pipeline
  • the height of the partition is not lower than the vertical distance from the nozzle of the spray pipe to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator.
  • the solar panels supply power to each pump and fan in the system through the inverter.
  • phase change microcapsules can significantly improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution.
  • the experimental data show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules in the phase change dehumidifying solution is 0.5%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 8.9% and 8.2% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution.
  • the strengthening effect on the dehumidification process increases with the increase of the amount of phase change microcapsules. When the amount of microcapsules reaches 2%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 18% and 17% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution.
  • the dehumidifying liquid with phase change microcapsules has a lower surface water vapor partial pressure than the lithium chloride base liquid at the same temperature.
  • the particle size of water molecules is much smaller than that of the microcapsule particles, and some water molecules will be wrapped On the microcapsule particles, this results in a decrease in the number of free water molecules escaping and a decrease in the surface vapor pressure. Therefore, the phase change desiccant has a greater dehumidification capacity than the lithium chloride solution, and the dehumidification process has a greater driving force for mass transfer.
  • the measurement results show that: in the base liquid of 35% mass concentration of lithium chloride solution, when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 2.0%, under the conditions of 293.2K, 298.2K, 303.2K, 308.2K and 313.2K, the corresponding phase
  • the surface vapor pressure reduction rates of the dehumidifying liquid were 10.68%, 11.86%, 14.34%, 12.04% and 10.55%, respectively.
  • the latent heat of vaporization released by the water vapor during the dehumidification process is partially absorbed by the microcapsules.
  • phase transition microcapsules can significantly improve the specific heat capacity of the phase transition dehumidifying liquid, and as the mass concentration of the microcapsules increases, the phase transition The increase rate of the specific heat capacity of the dehumidifying liquid gradually increases.
  • the measurement results show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 3.0% and the mass concentration of lithium chloride is 35%, the specific heat capacity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid can reach 6.112J/(g ⁇ K). It is 117.51%, and the increase of specific heat capacity can keep the phase change dehumidifying liquid at a lower temperature, so it has a greater dehumidification capacity.
  • the addition of microcapsules increases the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid.
  • the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases with the increase of the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules, and the rate of increase increases. increase gradually; when the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules increases from 1% to 5%, the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases approximately linearly at each temperature.
  • the phase change desiccant fluid is similar to the lithium chloride solution, the phase change desiccant fluid has a larger Sherwood number Sh, that is, the phase change desiccant fluid has a higher mass transfer coefficient.
  • adding phase change microcapsules to the dehumidifying salt solution can effectively improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution, but it will reduce the surface vapor pressure of the dehumidifying solution.
  • It is very difficult to regenerate the solution using the existing heating method that is, the existing heating method has a negative impact on the regeneration of the solution, and the existing heating method will make the mass transfer driving force in the regeneration process (the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution and The difference between the water vapor partial pressures in the regeneration air) is weakened, thereby increasing the difficulty of water transfer from the solution to the regeneration air.
  • the surface vapor pressure of the solution can only be increased by increasing the regeneration heating temperature. On the one hand, this will inevitably lead to an increase in the energy consumption of the solution heating; During the heating process, part of the heat will be applied to the microcapsules in the form of sensible heat transfer, which further aggravates the trend of increasing heating energy consumption; in addition, the subsequent re-solidification process of the inner core of the microcapsules requires more cooling energy .
  • the technical scheme of the present invention can avoid the adverse effect of adding phase change microcapsules on the regeneration process of the solution, and at the same time does not affect the recycling of the phase change microcapsules in the dehumidification system, fully exert its promoting effect on the performance of the dehumidification process, and can also improve the solution.
  • the low-pressure flash regeneration process does not need to consume external heating energy, and the solution temperature can be flashed at about 20 to 35 °C, while the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid that absorbs the condensation heat of water vapor during the dehumidification process is usually higher than 30 °C, so no need
  • the heating energy consumption of the traditional regeneration process avoids the problem of increased heating energy consumption due to the addition of microcapsules;
  • the phase change microcapsules can enhance flash regeneration because the liquid-solid transition of the phase change material inside the microcapsules
  • the release of heat can alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash evaporation process.
  • phase change microcapsule "self-heating" characteristic is applied to the desiccant liquid flash regeneration process, which is expected to facilitate the evaporation of water from the solution under low pressure conditions; Finally, the low-pressure flash evaporation can simultaneously realize the cooling of the desiccant liquid and the liquid-solid phase transition in the core of the capsule. It is very beneficial to the solidification of the inner core material of the microcapsule, and saves the energy consumption of using an external refrigerant for subsequent cooling and cooling of the dehumidifying liquid and the microcapsule.
  • the composite system of the present invention utilizes the flash regenerator and the phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension as the working fluid to dehumidify the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condense the water vapor discharged from the flash regeneration of the solution at room temperature to prevent the air from being dehumidified.
  • Fresh water is obtained, thereby realizing the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water preparation; the composite system of the present invention can realize the synergistic enhancement of solution-air/steam heat and mass transfer involved in the two solution thermodynamic processes of dehumidification and regeneration, thereby The overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, and the composite system of the present invention has important application value for the development and construction of marine islands and reefs in high humidity climates, lack of fresh water, and lack of energy supply.
  • Fig. 1 is the system principle diagram of the composite system of the present invention
  • the solid line represents the process of phase change dehumidification liquid
  • the dashed line represents the fresh water production process
  • the dashed line represents the cooling water process
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite system of the present invention using solar panels for power supply.
  • the present invention is based on a composite system of solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration, which can integrate solution dehumidification and fresh water production into one system.
  • Regenerator 14; the composite system of the present invention includes a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier 19 and a flash regenerator 14; the dehumidifier 19 is provided with a dehumidification filler 1, and the upper part of the dehumidification filler 1 is provided with a liquid distributor 15, The phase change dehumidifying liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying filler 1 through the liquid distributor 15, and the moist air enters the dehumidifier 19 from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 through the fan 8; the flash regenerator 14 includes a condensation pipe 9 and a spray pipe 3.
  • the condensation pipe 9 The cooling water circulation loop is formed with the external cooling water pool through the pipeline; the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is diluted and absorbed heat enters the flash regeneration through the connecting pipeline In the dehumidifier 14 and sprayed out through the spray pipe 3 in the flash regenerator 14 (during the dehumidification process, the temperature of the dehumidification liquid can reach 30-40 degrees), the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed out and the steam formed by instant flash evaporation is condensed.
  • the liquid is formed under the action of the pipe 9 and collected by the water collecting tray 10; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is not flashed enters the solution tank 6, and is sent to the dehumidifier 19 by the solution pump 7 and sprayed out by the liquid distributor 15 for dehumidification again.
  • the phase-change dehumidification liquid is composed of phase-change microcapsules and a dehumidifying salt solution; that is, the present invention adopts a phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase-change dehumidification liquid) as a working fluid.
  • the phase change microcapsules were added to a lithium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 35%; a stirrer was used to stir for 30 minutes to open the large agglomeration of the phase change microcapsules; then the composite surfactant was added to the suspension, and the stirring was continued for 30 minutes. A suspension with good dispersibility and stability was obtained.
  • the composite surfactant can improve the stability of the suspension.
  • the use of the composite surfactant can significantly improve the stability of the suspension.
  • the mass concentration of microcapsules is 1%
  • the amount of CTAB in the composite surfactant is 0.1%
  • the amount of Tween80 is 0.15%
  • phase change microcapsules take n-octadecane as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material, adopt the in-situ polymerization method to prepare the phase change material microcapsules, specifically: mix 3g melamine, 6g formaldehyde solution (w% as 37%) was dissolved in deionized water, stirred at a constant temperature of 70°C, and the stirring rate was 500-600 r/min.
  • the melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer was slowly added dropwise, and the pH value was adjusted to 5.5 with 10% ammonium chloride solution, the temperature was raised to 65 °C and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, and then the pH value was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 with 10% glacial acetic acid solution, and continued After stirring for 30 min, it was finished; after suction filtration and washing with absolute ethanol and deionized water for several times, the obtained filter cake was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40 °C for 24 h, and finally phase-change microcapsules were obtained.
  • the particle size of the prepared phase change microcapsules is concentrated in the range of 0.3-1 ⁇ m, the average particle size is 0.636 ⁇ m, the highest latent heat of phase change is 147.59 J/g, and the corresponding core content is 63.69%; the melting temperature of the prepared phase change microcapsules The range is 26-32°C, which is in line with the ideal temperature range of lithium chloride dehumidifying solution in the dehumidification stage; the crystallization temperature range is 20-26°C, and the degree of subcooling is low.
  • the high-temperature cold source can be used to re-solidify the capsule core, which is easy to achieve phase transition. Reuse of microcapsules.
  • the flash regenerator 14 is connected to an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump 13 .
  • the low pressure in the flash regenerator 14 is initially created by the vacuum pump 13 before the system runs.
  • the cooling water flow and temperature in the condenser 9 are controlled to maintain and adjust the vacuum degree in the flash regenerator 14 .
  • the system of the present invention also includes a PLC control box, and the solution pump 7, the output pump 12 and the vacuum pump 13 are respectively connected with the PLC control box through cables.
  • the flash regenerator 14 includes a fresh water production area 17 and a solution regeneration area 18 separated by a partition plate 16, and the height h of the partition plate is not lower than the vertical distance H from the nozzle of the spray pipe 3 to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator 14; 9 is located in the fresh water production area 17, the spray pipe 3 is located in the solution regeneration area 18, the condensing pipe 9 is provided with a water collecting pan 10 below, and the spray pipe 3 is provided with a concentrated solution pan 5 below; Connection, the water tank 11 supplies fresh water to the outside through the output pump 12, the concentrated solution pan 5 is connected to the solution tank 6 through a pipeline, and the solution tank 6 is connected to the liquid distributor 15 in the dehumidifier 19 through the solution pump 7.
  • the dehumidifying filler 1 of the present invention is mainly used for heat and mass exchange between humid air and phase change dehumidification liquid.
  • the low-pressure flash regenerator of the solution dehumidification circulation loop mainly works in the solution regeneration zone 18.
  • the diluted dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash regenerator 14, and the water is flashed into water vapor, and the solution can be concentrated and regenerated.
  • the low-pressure flash regenerator of the fresh water production process mainly works in the fresh water production area 17.
  • the water vapor flashed from the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid contacts the wall surface of the condenser pipe 9, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water collecting tray 10, which can be used as living fresh water.
  • the composite system of the present invention further includes a solar cell panel 20, and the solar cell panel 20 supplies power to each pump (7, 12, 13) and the fan 8 in the system through the inverter 21, respectively.
  • the solution dehumidification cycle process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid sent by the solution pump 7 and the humid air sent by the fan 8 exchange heat and mass in the dehumidification filler 1.
  • the difference of the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution produces the driving force of the dehumidification process.
  • the condensation heat released by the absorption of the moisture in the air by the phase change dehumidification liquid will cause the temperature of the solution to rise, and the partial pressure of the water vapor on the surface of the solution will also rise accordingly.
  • the concentration of the phase change dehumidification liquid gradually decreases and becomes a dilute solution; the diluted phase change dehumidification liquid is driven by the pressure difference between the dehumidifier 19 and the flash regenerator 14, and enters the flash from the bottom of the dehumidifier 19 through the throttle valve 2.
  • the spray pipe 3 at the top of the solution regeneration zone 18 of the steam regenerator 14 the spray pipe 3 is evenly sprayed inside the flash steam regenerator 14, and the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash steam regenerator 14.
  • the water is flashed into water vapor, and the phase change dehumidification liquid can be concentrated and regenerated; the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid after flash evaporation and regeneration enters the solution tank 6 through the concentrated solution tray 5, and then is transported by the solution pump 7 to the dehumidifier 19. In this way cycle over and over again.
  • the humid air enters from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 by the fan 8, and forms a countercurrent flow state with the phase change dehumidification liquid in the dehumidifier 19 (dehumidification filler 1).
  • the dry air is then sent to the air-conditioning area through the exhaust port at the top of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning.
  • the fresh water production process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the water vapor obtained during the low-pressure flash regeneration of the solution is transferred from the solution regeneration zone 18 in the flash regenerator 14 to the fresh water production zone 17, and the water vapor is condensed with cooling water.
  • the pipe 9 is in contact with the pipe wall, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water tank 11 through the water collecting tray 10, and then sent to the user by the output pump 12 for fresh water supply.
  • the composite system of the present invention adopts the phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as the working fluid.
  • the phase change microcapsules undergo a solid-liquid phase change, which absorbs the heat released by the condensation of water into the solution during the dehumidification process, thereby alleviating the problem of the decrease in dehumidification capacity caused by the temperature rise of the solution, and realizing the “self-cooling of the solution”. ”, which is beneficial to the dehumidification process.
  • phase change material inside the phase change microcapsules undergoes a liquid-solid transition to release heat, which can not only alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash regeneration process, but also strengthen the flash regeneration without the need for heating energy in the traditional regeneration process.
  • mass transfer process of flash evaporation of water from the phase change dehumidification liquid is accompanied by heat absorption, and the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid is reduced while being re-concentrated, which is very beneficial to the solidification of the core material inside the phase change microcapsules.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système composite de déshumidification de solution basée sur une régénération par évaporation éclair et de préparation d'eau douce. Un déshumidificateur (19) est muni intérieurement d'une charge de déshumidification (1), et un liquide de déshumidification à changement de phase est pulvérisé sur la charge de déshumidification (1) par l'intermédiaire d'un distributeur de liquide (15) ; de l'air humide entre dans le déshumidificateur (19) par la partie inférieure par l'intermédiaire d'un ventilateur (8), et est refoulé par un orifice d'échappement supérieur après que l'air humide est déshumidifié ; le liquide de déshumidification à changement de phase, qui est dilué et absorbe de la chaleur, entre dans un régénérateur par évaporation éclair (14) et est pulvérisé par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau de pulvérisation (3), de la vapeur formée par évaporation éclair au moment de la pulvérisation forme un liquide sous l'action d'un tuyau de condensation (9) et est collectée par un disque de collecte d'eau (10), et le tuyau de condensation (9) et un bassin d'eau de refroidissement externe forment une boucle de circulation d'eau de refroidissement ; et un liquide de déshumidification à changement de phase n'ayant pas subi d'évaporation éclair entre dans un réservoir de solution (6), est envoyé dans le déshumidificateur (19) par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe de solution (7), et est pulvérisé par le distributeur de liquide (15) pour une nouvelle déshumidification.
PCT/CN2020/132781 2020-07-08 2020-11-30 Système composite de déshumidification de solution basée sur une régénération par évaporation éclair et de préparation d'eau douce WO2022007318A1 (fr)

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