WO2022007318A1 - Flash evaporation regeneration-based solution dehumidification and fresh water preparation composite system - Google Patents

Flash evaporation regeneration-based solution dehumidification and fresh water preparation composite system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007318A1
WO2022007318A1 PCT/CN2020/132781 CN2020132781W WO2022007318A1 WO 2022007318 A1 WO2022007318 A1 WO 2022007318A1 CN 2020132781 W CN2020132781 W CN 2020132781W WO 2022007318 A1 WO2022007318 A1 WO 2022007318A1
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Prior art keywords
dehumidification
solution
liquid
flash
phase change
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PCT/CN2020/132781
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
牛晓峰
柯庆
何旭
陆志恒
董红林
夏芮峰
王丹丹
高鹏
段地长
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南京工业大学
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Publication of WO2022007318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007318A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution dehumidification and fresh water production composite system based on flash regeneration, which dehumidifies the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condenses the water vapor discharged from solution flash regeneration at room temperature to obtain
  • the fresh water not only realizes the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water production, but also solves the regeneration problem of the existing dehumidification solution containing phase change microcapsules.
  • a solution dehumidification and fresh water production compound system based on flash regeneration comprising a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier and a flash regenerator;
  • the dehumidifier is provided with a dehumidifying filler, so The upper part of the dehumidifying packing is provided with a liquid distributor, the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying packing through the liquid distributor, and the moist air is passed into the dehumidifier from the lower part of the dehumidifier through a fan;
  • the flash regenerator includes a condensation pipe and The spray pipe, the condenser pipe and the external cooling water pool form a cooling water circulation loop through the pipe;
  • the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier, and the diluted and endothermic phase change dehumidification liquid enters the flash regenerator through the connecting pipe It is sprayed out through the spray pipe in
  • the phase-change dehumidification solution is obtained by adding phase-change microcapsules with a mass fraction of no more than 10% in the dehumidification salt solution; wherein, the dehumidification salt solution is lithium chloride solution, lithium bromide solution or calcium chloride solution.
  • phase-change dehumidification liquid is prepared by the following method: adding the phase-change microcapsules into the dehumidifying salt solution, stirring to make the phase-change microcapsules evenly dispersed, adding a composite surfactant to the suspension, and continuing to stir to obtain Stable phase change dehumidifier.
  • the present invention adopts phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as working fluid.
  • the flash regenerator is connected with an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump.
  • the flash regenerator includes a fresh water production area and a solution regeneration area separated by a partition plate, the condensation pipe is located in the fresh water preparation area, the spray pipe is located in the solution regeneration area, and a The water collecting tray is provided with a concentrated solution tray under the spray pipe.
  • the water collecting tray is connected with the water tank through a pipeline
  • the concentrated solution tray is connected with the solution tank through a pipeline
  • the height of the partition is not lower than the vertical distance from the nozzle of the spray pipe to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator.
  • the solar panels supply power to each pump and fan in the system through the inverter.
  • phase change microcapsules can significantly improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution.
  • the experimental data show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules in the phase change dehumidifying solution is 0.5%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 8.9% and 8.2% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution.
  • the strengthening effect on the dehumidification process increases with the increase of the amount of phase change microcapsules. When the amount of microcapsules reaches 2%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 18% and 17% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution.
  • the dehumidifying liquid with phase change microcapsules has a lower surface water vapor partial pressure than the lithium chloride base liquid at the same temperature.
  • the particle size of water molecules is much smaller than that of the microcapsule particles, and some water molecules will be wrapped On the microcapsule particles, this results in a decrease in the number of free water molecules escaping and a decrease in the surface vapor pressure. Therefore, the phase change desiccant has a greater dehumidification capacity than the lithium chloride solution, and the dehumidification process has a greater driving force for mass transfer.
  • the measurement results show that: in the base liquid of 35% mass concentration of lithium chloride solution, when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 2.0%, under the conditions of 293.2K, 298.2K, 303.2K, 308.2K and 313.2K, the corresponding phase
  • the surface vapor pressure reduction rates of the dehumidifying liquid were 10.68%, 11.86%, 14.34%, 12.04% and 10.55%, respectively.
  • the latent heat of vaporization released by the water vapor during the dehumidification process is partially absorbed by the microcapsules.
  • phase transition microcapsules can significantly improve the specific heat capacity of the phase transition dehumidifying liquid, and as the mass concentration of the microcapsules increases, the phase transition The increase rate of the specific heat capacity of the dehumidifying liquid gradually increases.
  • the measurement results show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 3.0% and the mass concentration of lithium chloride is 35%, the specific heat capacity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid can reach 6.112J/(g ⁇ K). It is 117.51%, and the increase of specific heat capacity can keep the phase change dehumidifying liquid at a lower temperature, so it has a greater dehumidification capacity.
  • the addition of microcapsules increases the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid.
  • the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases with the increase of the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules, and the rate of increase increases. increase gradually; when the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules increases from 1% to 5%, the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases approximately linearly at each temperature.
  • the phase change desiccant fluid is similar to the lithium chloride solution, the phase change desiccant fluid has a larger Sherwood number Sh, that is, the phase change desiccant fluid has a higher mass transfer coefficient.
  • adding phase change microcapsules to the dehumidifying salt solution can effectively improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution, but it will reduce the surface vapor pressure of the dehumidifying solution.
  • It is very difficult to regenerate the solution using the existing heating method that is, the existing heating method has a negative impact on the regeneration of the solution, and the existing heating method will make the mass transfer driving force in the regeneration process (the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution and The difference between the water vapor partial pressures in the regeneration air) is weakened, thereby increasing the difficulty of water transfer from the solution to the regeneration air.
  • the surface vapor pressure of the solution can only be increased by increasing the regeneration heating temperature. On the one hand, this will inevitably lead to an increase in the energy consumption of the solution heating; During the heating process, part of the heat will be applied to the microcapsules in the form of sensible heat transfer, which further aggravates the trend of increasing heating energy consumption; in addition, the subsequent re-solidification process of the inner core of the microcapsules requires more cooling energy .
  • the technical scheme of the present invention can avoid the adverse effect of adding phase change microcapsules on the regeneration process of the solution, and at the same time does not affect the recycling of the phase change microcapsules in the dehumidification system, fully exert its promoting effect on the performance of the dehumidification process, and can also improve the solution.
  • the low-pressure flash regeneration process does not need to consume external heating energy, and the solution temperature can be flashed at about 20 to 35 °C, while the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid that absorbs the condensation heat of water vapor during the dehumidification process is usually higher than 30 °C, so no need
  • the heating energy consumption of the traditional regeneration process avoids the problem of increased heating energy consumption due to the addition of microcapsules;
  • the phase change microcapsules can enhance flash regeneration because the liquid-solid transition of the phase change material inside the microcapsules
  • the release of heat can alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash evaporation process.
  • phase change microcapsule "self-heating" characteristic is applied to the desiccant liquid flash regeneration process, which is expected to facilitate the evaporation of water from the solution under low pressure conditions; Finally, the low-pressure flash evaporation can simultaneously realize the cooling of the desiccant liquid and the liquid-solid phase transition in the core of the capsule. It is very beneficial to the solidification of the inner core material of the microcapsule, and saves the energy consumption of using an external refrigerant for subsequent cooling and cooling of the dehumidifying liquid and the microcapsule.
  • the composite system of the present invention utilizes the flash regenerator and the phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension as the working fluid to dehumidify the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condense the water vapor discharged from the flash regeneration of the solution at room temperature to prevent the air from being dehumidified.
  • Fresh water is obtained, thereby realizing the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water preparation; the composite system of the present invention can realize the synergistic enhancement of solution-air/steam heat and mass transfer involved in the two solution thermodynamic processes of dehumidification and regeneration, thereby The overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, and the composite system of the present invention has important application value for the development and construction of marine islands and reefs in high humidity climates, lack of fresh water, and lack of energy supply.
  • Fig. 1 is the system principle diagram of the composite system of the present invention
  • the solid line represents the process of phase change dehumidification liquid
  • the dashed line represents the fresh water production process
  • the dashed line represents the cooling water process
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite system of the present invention using solar panels for power supply.
  • the present invention is based on a composite system of solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration, which can integrate solution dehumidification and fresh water production into one system.
  • Regenerator 14; the composite system of the present invention includes a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier 19 and a flash regenerator 14; the dehumidifier 19 is provided with a dehumidification filler 1, and the upper part of the dehumidification filler 1 is provided with a liquid distributor 15, The phase change dehumidifying liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying filler 1 through the liquid distributor 15, and the moist air enters the dehumidifier 19 from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 through the fan 8; the flash regenerator 14 includes a condensation pipe 9 and a spray pipe 3.
  • the condensation pipe 9 The cooling water circulation loop is formed with the external cooling water pool through the pipeline; the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is diluted and absorbed heat enters the flash regeneration through the connecting pipeline In the dehumidifier 14 and sprayed out through the spray pipe 3 in the flash regenerator 14 (during the dehumidification process, the temperature of the dehumidification liquid can reach 30-40 degrees), the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed out and the steam formed by instant flash evaporation is condensed.
  • the liquid is formed under the action of the pipe 9 and collected by the water collecting tray 10; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is not flashed enters the solution tank 6, and is sent to the dehumidifier 19 by the solution pump 7 and sprayed out by the liquid distributor 15 for dehumidification again.
  • the phase-change dehumidification liquid is composed of phase-change microcapsules and a dehumidifying salt solution; that is, the present invention adopts a phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase-change dehumidification liquid) as a working fluid.
  • the phase change microcapsules were added to a lithium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 35%; a stirrer was used to stir for 30 minutes to open the large agglomeration of the phase change microcapsules; then the composite surfactant was added to the suspension, and the stirring was continued for 30 minutes. A suspension with good dispersibility and stability was obtained.
  • the composite surfactant can improve the stability of the suspension.
  • the use of the composite surfactant can significantly improve the stability of the suspension.
  • the mass concentration of microcapsules is 1%
  • the amount of CTAB in the composite surfactant is 0.1%
  • the amount of Tween80 is 0.15%
  • phase change microcapsules take n-octadecane as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material, adopt the in-situ polymerization method to prepare the phase change material microcapsules, specifically: mix 3g melamine, 6g formaldehyde solution (w% as 37%) was dissolved in deionized water, stirred at a constant temperature of 70°C, and the stirring rate was 500-600 r/min.
  • the melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer was slowly added dropwise, and the pH value was adjusted to 5.5 with 10% ammonium chloride solution, the temperature was raised to 65 °C and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, and then the pH value was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 with 10% glacial acetic acid solution, and continued After stirring for 30 min, it was finished; after suction filtration and washing with absolute ethanol and deionized water for several times, the obtained filter cake was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40 °C for 24 h, and finally phase-change microcapsules were obtained.
  • the particle size of the prepared phase change microcapsules is concentrated in the range of 0.3-1 ⁇ m, the average particle size is 0.636 ⁇ m, the highest latent heat of phase change is 147.59 J/g, and the corresponding core content is 63.69%; the melting temperature of the prepared phase change microcapsules The range is 26-32°C, which is in line with the ideal temperature range of lithium chloride dehumidifying solution in the dehumidification stage; the crystallization temperature range is 20-26°C, and the degree of subcooling is low.
  • the high-temperature cold source can be used to re-solidify the capsule core, which is easy to achieve phase transition. Reuse of microcapsules.
  • the flash regenerator 14 is connected to an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump 13 .
  • the low pressure in the flash regenerator 14 is initially created by the vacuum pump 13 before the system runs.
  • the cooling water flow and temperature in the condenser 9 are controlled to maintain and adjust the vacuum degree in the flash regenerator 14 .
  • the system of the present invention also includes a PLC control box, and the solution pump 7, the output pump 12 and the vacuum pump 13 are respectively connected with the PLC control box through cables.
  • the flash regenerator 14 includes a fresh water production area 17 and a solution regeneration area 18 separated by a partition plate 16, and the height h of the partition plate is not lower than the vertical distance H from the nozzle of the spray pipe 3 to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator 14; 9 is located in the fresh water production area 17, the spray pipe 3 is located in the solution regeneration area 18, the condensing pipe 9 is provided with a water collecting pan 10 below, and the spray pipe 3 is provided with a concentrated solution pan 5 below; Connection, the water tank 11 supplies fresh water to the outside through the output pump 12, the concentrated solution pan 5 is connected to the solution tank 6 through a pipeline, and the solution tank 6 is connected to the liquid distributor 15 in the dehumidifier 19 through the solution pump 7.
  • the dehumidifying filler 1 of the present invention is mainly used for heat and mass exchange between humid air and phase change dehumidification liquid.
  • the low-pressure flash regenerator of the solution dehumidification circulation loop mainly works in the solution regeneration zone 18.
  • the diluted dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash regenerator 14, and the water is flashed into water vapor, and the solution can be concentrated and regenerated.
  • the low-pressure flash regenerator of the fresh water production process mainly works in the fresh water production area 17.
  • the water vapor flashed from the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid contacts the wall surface of the condenser pipe 9, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water collecting tray 10, which can be used as living fresh water.
  • the composite system of the present invention further includes a solar cell panel 20, and the solar cell panel 20 supplies power to each pump (7, 12, 13) and the fan 8 in the system through the inverter 21, respectively.
  • the solution dehumidification cycle process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid sent by the solution pump 7 and the humid air sent by the fan 8 exchange heat and mass in the dehumidification filler 1.
  • the difference of the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution produces the driving force of the dehumidification process.
  • the condensation heat released by the absorption of the moisture in the air by the phase change dehumidification liquid will cause the temperature of the solution to rise, and the partial pressure of the water vapor on the surface of the solution will also rise accordingly.
  • the concentration of the phase change dehumidification liquid gradually decreases and becomes a dilute solution; the diluted phase change dehumidification liquid is driven by the pressure difference between the dehumidifier 19 and the flash regenerator 14, and enters the flash from the bottom of the dehumidifier 19 through the throttle valve 2.
  • the spray pipe 3 at the top of the solution regeneration zone 18 of the steam regenerator 14 the spray pipe 3 is evenly sprayed inside the flash steam regenerator 14, and the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash steam regenerator 14.
  • the water is flashed into water vapor, and the phase change dehumidification liquid can be concentrated and regenerated; the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid after flash evaporation and regeneration enters the solution tank 6 through the concentrated solution tray 5, and then is transported by the solution pump 7 to the dehumidifier 19. In this way cycle over and over again.
  • the humid air enters from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 by the fan 8, and forms a countercurrent flow state with the phase change dehumidification liquid in the dehumidifier 19 (dehumidification filler 1).
  • the dry air is then sent to the air-conditioning area through the exhaust port at the top of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning.
  • the fresh water production process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the water vapor obtained during the low-pressure flash regeneration of the solution is transferred from the solution regeneration zone 18 in the flash regenerator 14 to the fresh water production zone 17, and the water vapor is condensed with cooling water.
  • the pipe 9 is in contact with the pipe wall, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water tank 11 through the water collecting tray 10, and then sent to the user by the output pump 12 for fresh water supply.
  • the composite system of the present invention adopts the phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as the working fluid.
  • the phase change microcapsules undergo a solid-liquid phase change, which absorbs the heat released by the condensation of water into the solution during the dehumidification process, thereby alleviating the problem of the decrease in dehumidification capacity caused by the temperature rise of the solution, and realizing the “self-cooling of the solution”. ”, which is beneficial to the dehumidification process.
  • phase change material inside the phase change microcapsules undergoes a liquid-solid transition to release heat, which can not only alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash regeneration process, but also strengthen the flash regeneration without the need for heating energy in the traditional regeneration process.
  • mass transfer process of flash evaporation of water from the phase change dehumidification liquid is accompanied by heat absorption, and the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid is reduced while being re-concentrated, which is very beneficial to the solidification of the core material inside the phase change microcapsules.

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Abstract

A flash evaporation regeneration-based solution dehumidification and fresh water preparation composite system. A dehumidifier (19) is internally provided with a dehumidification filler (1), and a phase-changing dehumidification liquid is sprayed onto the dehumidification filler (1) through a liquid distributor (15); wet air enters the dehumidifier (19) from the lower part through a fan (8), and is discharged from an upper exhaust port after the wet air is dehumidified; the phase-changing dehumidification liquid which is diluted and absorbs heat enters a flash evaporation regenerator (14) and is sprayed out through a spray pipe (3), steam formed through flash evaporation at the moment of spraying forms a liquid under the action of a condensing pipe (9) and is collected by a water collecting disk (10), and the condensing pipe (9) and an external cooling water pool form a cooling water circulating loop; and a non-flash-evaporated phase-changing dehumidification liquid enters a solution tank (6), is sent into the dehumidifier (19) through a solution pump (7), and is sprayed out by the liquid distributor (15) for dehumidification again.

Description

一种基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统A composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统。The invention relates to a composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration.
背景技术Background technique
在制冷空调领域，现有研究针对溶液除湿和再生过程的性能提升进行了大量积极有益的探索。在溶液除湿/再生过程中，分别对应着空气中水分被吸收和溶液中水分汽化，伴随着水分进入/离开溶液的质量迁移，同时也发生水分相变潜热传递，导致溶液温度升高或降低，这一溶液热力学状态的变化进而会制约除湿/再生过程热质交换效率，且理论上水分质量迁移越大，其相变潜热带来对传质过程的反向抑制效应越明显。常规技术措施是通过设置内部换热管、采用冷源或热源(即内冷或内热)对这一问题进行改善，但并没有从根本上解决热质交换强化与溶液热力状态变化过程间的内在矛盾。此外，从再生或除湿过程单一角度进行改进，会对系统中其它过程及系统整体带来不容忽视的影响，比如虽然除湿效率提高，但是除湿溶液的再生过程会导致能耗大幅增大，因此需要从系统协同角度进行审视。In the field of refrigeration and air conditioning, existing research has carried out a lot of positive and beneficial explorations on the performance improvement of solution dehumidification and regeneration processes. In the process of solution dehumidification/regeneration, corresponding to the absorption of moisture in the air and the vaporization of moisture in the solution, along with the mass migration of moisture entering/leaving the solution, the latent heat transfer of the moisture phase transition also occurs, resulting in an increase or decrease in the temperature of the solution, This change in the thermodynamic state of the solution will further restrict the heat and mass exchange efficiency in the dehumidification/regeneration process. In theory, the greater the water mass migration, the more obvious the reverse inhibition effect on the mass transfer process brought by the latent heat of phase transition. Conventional technical measures are to improve this problem by setting up internal heat exchange tubes and using cold sources or heat sources (ie, internal cooling or internal heat), but they have not fundamentally solved the inherent problem between the enhancement of heat and mass exchange and the change of the thermal state of the solution. contradiction. In addition, improving the regeneration or dehumidification process from a single point of view will have a non-negligible impact on other processes in the system and the system as a whole. For example, although the dehumidification efficiency is improved, the regeneration process of the dehumidification solution will lead to a significant increase in energy consumption. Look at it from the perspective of system coordination.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，该系统在对空气进行除湿实现空调作用的同时，也对溶液闪蒸再生排放的水蒸汽进行常温冷凝而获得淡水，不仅实现了空调溶液除湿与闪蒸淡水制取的有机结合，而且也解决了现有含有相变微胶囊除湿溶液的再生问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution dehumidification and fresh water production composite system based on flash regeneration, which dehumidifies the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condenses the water vapor discharged from solution flash regeneration at room temperature to obtain The fresh water not only realizes the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water production, but also solves the regeneration problem of the existing dehumidification solution containing phase change microcapsules.
本发明的技术方案为：一种基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，包括由除湿器和闪蒸再生器组成的溶液除湿循环回路；所述除湿器内设有除湿填料，所述除湿填料的上部设有布液器，相变除湿液通过布液器喷洒在除湿填料上，湿空气通过风机从除湿器下部通入除湿器中；所述闪蒸再生器内包括冷凝管以及喷淋管，冷凝管通过管道与外部冷却水池形成冷却水循环回路；除湿后的干燥空气从除湿器上部的排气口排出，被稀释并吸热的相变除湿液通过连接管道进入闪蒸再生器中并通过闪蒸再生器内的喷淋管喷出，相变除湿液喷出瞬间闪蒸形成的蒸汽在冷凝管作用下形成液体并被集水盘接收；未闪蒸的相变除湿液进入溶液槽中，通过溶液泵送入除湿器中通过布液器喷洒出来再次进行除湿。The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a solution dehumidification and fresh water production compound system based on flash regeneration, comprising a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier and a flash regenerator; the dehumidifier is provided with a dehumidifying filler, so The upper part of the dehumidifying packing is provided with a liquid distributor, the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying packing through the liquid distributor, and the moist air is passed into the dehumidifier from the lower part of the dehumidifier through a fan; the flash regenerator includes a condensation pipe and The spray pipe, the condenser pipe and the external cooling water pool form a cooling water circulation loop through the pipe; the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier, and the diluted and endothermic phase change dehumidification liquid enters the flash regenerator through the connecting pipe It is sprayed out through the spray pipe in the flash regenerator, the phase change dehumidification liquid is sprayed out and the steam formed by instant flash evaporation is formed into a liquid under the action of the condenser pipe and is received by the water collecting tray; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is not flashed enters In the solution tank, the solution is pumped into the dehumidifier and sprayed out by the liquid distributor for dehumidification again.
其中，所述相变除湿液通过在除湿盐溶液中添加质量分数不超过10％的相变微胶囊而得到；其中，除湿盐溶液为氯化锂溶液、溴化锂溶液或氯化钙溶液。Wherein, the phase-change dehumidification solution is obtained by adding phase-change microcapsules with a mass fraction of no more than 10% in the dehumidification salt solution; wherein, the dehumidification salt solution is lithium chloride solution, lithium bromide solution or calcium chloride solution.
其中，所述相变除湿液具体由如下方法制备而成：将相变微胶囊加入除湿盐溶液中，搅拌使相变微胶囊分散均匀后，往悬浮液中加入复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌得到稳定的相变除湿液。本发明采用相变微胶囊除湿悬浮液(相变除湿液)作为工作流体。Wherein, the phase-change dehumidification liquid is prepared by the following method: adding the phase-change microcapsules into the dehumidifying salt solution, stirring to make the phase-change microcapsules evenly dispersed, adding a composite surfactant to the suspension, and continuing to stir to obtain Stable phase change dehumidifier. The present invention adopts phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as working fluid.
其中，所述闪蒸再生器通过真空泵与外部抽真空装置连接。Wherein, the flash regenerator is connected with an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump.
其中，所述闪蒸再生器包括通过隔板隔离的淡水制取区和溶液再生区，所述冷凝管位于淡水制取区，所述喷淋管位于溶液再生区，所述冷凝管下方设有集水盘，所述喷淋管下方设有浓溶液盘。Wherein, the flash regenerator includes a fresh water production area and a solution regeneration area separated by a partition plate, the condensation pipe is located in the fresh water preparation area, the spray pipe is located in the solution regeneration area, and a The water collecting tray is provided with a concentrated solution tray under the spray pipe.
其中，所述集水盘通过管道与水槽连接，所述浓溶液盘通过管道与溶液槽连接。Wherein, the water collecting tray is connected with the water tank through a pipeline, and the concentrated solution tray is connected with the solution tank through a pipeline.
其中，所述隔板的高度不低于喷淋管喷嘴至闪蒸再生器底板的垂直距离。Wherein, the height of the partition is not lower than the vertical distance from the nozzle of the spray pipe to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator.
其中，还包括太阳能电池板，太阳能电池板通过逆变器分别给系统中的各个泵和风机供电。Among them, it also includes solar panels, and the solar panels supply power to each pump and fan in the system through the inverter.
添加相变微胶囊后可以显著提高除湿溶液的除湿量与除湿效率。实验数据显示：当微胶囊在相变除湿液中质量浓度为0.5％时，除湿量和除湿效率比纯氯化锂溶液分别提高了8.9％和8.2％。对除湿过程的强化作用随相变微胶囊用量的增加而提高，当微胶囊用量达到2％时，除湿量和除湿效率分别比纯氯化锂溶液提高了18％和17％。添加相变微胶囊的除湿液比同温度下的氯化锂基液具有更低的表面水蒸气分压力，在相变除湿液中，水分子粒径远小于微胶囊颗粒，部分水分子会包裹在微胶囊颗粒上，导致逸出的自由水分子数目减少，表面蒸汽压降低。因此相变除湿液比氯化锂溶液具有更大的除湿能力，除湿过程具有更大的质量传递驱动力。测量结果显示：在35％质量浓度的氯化锂溶液基液中，添加微胶囊质量浓度为2.0％时，在温度为293.2K、298.2K、303.2K、308.2K和313.2K条件下，对应相变除湿液的表面蒸汽压降低率分别为10.68％、11.86％、14.34％、12.04％和10.55％。除湿过程中的水蒸气释放的汽化潜热部分被微胶囊吸收，在相变温度范围，添加相变微胶囊能够显著提升相变除湿液的比热容，并且随着微胶囊质量浓度的升高，相变除湿液比热容的提升率逐渐增加。测量结果显示：当微胶囊质量浓度为3.0％，氯化锂质量浓度为35％时，相变除湿液的比热容可达6.112J/(g·K)，此时相变除湿液的比热容提升率为117.51％，比热容增大可以使相变除湿液维持在较低的温度，因而具有更大的除湿能力。添加微胶囊使相变除湿液的粘度变大，相变微胶囊质量浓度从0.2％逐渐增加到1％时，相变除湿液的粘度随相变微胶囊质量浓度的增加而上升，且上升速率逐渐增大；相变微胶囊的质量浓度由1％增加到5％时，相变除湿液的粘度在各温度下均呈近似线性增加。当相变除湿液与氯化锂溶液流态类似时，相变除湿液具有更大的舍伍德数Sh，即相变除湿液的传质系数更高。The addition of phase change microcapsules can significantly improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution. The experimental data show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules in the phase change dehumidifying solution is 0.5%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 8.9% and 8.2% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution. The strengthening effect on the dehumidification process increases with the increase of the amount of phase change microcapsules. When the amount of microcapsules reaches 2%, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency are respectively 18% and 17% higher than those of pure lithium chloride solution. The dehumidifying liquid with phase change microcapsules has a lower surface water vapor partial pressure than the lithium chloride base liquid at the same temperature. In the phase change dehumidifying liquid, the particle size of water molecules is much smaller than that of the microcapsule particles, and some water molecules will be wrapped On the microcapsule particles, this results in a decrease in the number of free water molecules escaping and a decrease in the surface vapor pressure. Therefore, the phase change desiccant has a greater dehumidification capacity than the lithium chloride solution, and the dehumidification process has a greater driving force for mass transfer. The measurement results show that: in the base liquid of 35% mass concentration of lithium chloride solution, when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 2.0%, under the conditions of 293.2K, 298.2K, 303.2K, 308.2K and 313.2K, the corresponding phase The surface vapor pressure reduction rates of the dehumidifying liquid were 10.68%, 11.86%, 14.34%, 12.04% and 10.55%, respectively. The latent heat of vaporization released by the water vapor during the dehumidification process is partially absorbed by the microcapsules. In the phase transition temperature range, the addition of phase transition microcapsules can significantly improve the specific heat capacity of the phase transition dehumidifying liquid, and as the mass concentration of the microcapsules increases, the phase transition The increase rate of the specific heat capacity of the dehumidifying liquid gradually increases. The measurement results show that when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 3.0% and the mass concentration of lithium chloride is 35%, the specific heat capacity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid can reach 6.112J/(g·K). It is 117.51%, and the increase of specific heat capacity can keep the phase change dehumidifying liquid at a lower temperature, so it has a greater dehumidification capacity. The addition of microcapsules increases the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid. When the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules gradually increases from 0.2% to 1%, the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases with the increase of the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules, and the rate of increase increases. increase gradually; when the mass concentration of the phase change microcapsules increases from 1% to 5%, the viscosity of the phase change dehumidifying liquid increases approximately linearly at each temperature. When the phase change desiccant fluid is similar to the lithium chloride solution, the phase change desiccant fluid has a larger Sherwood number Sh, that is, the phase change desiccant fluid has a higher mass transfer coefficient.
在溶液除湿过程中，在除湿盐溶液中加入相变微胶囊后，虽然能够有效提高除湿溶液的除湿量与除湿效率，但是会使除湿溶液表面蒸气压降低，因此对含有相变微胶囊的除湿溶液采用现有的加热方式进行再生难度很大，即现有的加热方式对该溶液再生的影响是负面的，现有的加热方式将使再生过程传质推动力(溶液表面水蒸气分压力与再生空气中的水蒸气分压力之差)减弱，从而增大了水分由溶液传递到再生空气中的难度。要弥补表面蒸气压下降的不利影响，只能通过提高再生加热温度来提升溶液表面蒸汽压，一方面这必 然导致溶液加热的能耗增大；另一方面，由于溶液中含有相变微胶囊，在加热的过程会有部分热量以显热传热方式施加给微胶囊，从而进一步加剧了加热能耗增大的趋势；此外，后续微胶囊内部囊芯重新凝固过程还需要耗费更多的冷量。In the process of solution dehumidification, adding phase change microcapsules to the dehumidifying salt solution can effectively improve the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification efficiency of the dehumidifying solution, but it will reduce the surface vapor pressure of the dehumidifying solution. It is very difficult to regenerate the solution using the existing heating method, that is, the existing heating method has a negative impact on the regeneration of the solution, and the existing heating method will make the mass transfer driving force in the regeneration process (the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution and The difference between the water vapor partial pressures in the regeneration air) is weakened, thereby increasing the difficulty of water transfer from the solution to the regeneration air. To compensate for the adverse effect of the drop in the surface vapor pressure, the surface vapor pressure of the solution can only be increased by increasing the regeneration heating temperature. On the one hand, this will inevitably lead to an increase in the energy consumption of the solution heating; During the heating process, part of the heat will be applied to the microcapsules in the form of sensible heat transfer, which further aggravates the trend of increasing heating energy consumption; in addition, the subsequent re-solidification process of the inner core of the microcapsules requires more cooling energy .
本发明技术方案能够避免添加相变微胶囊对溶液再生过程的不利作用，同时又不影响相变微胶囊在除湿系统中的循环利用，充分发挥其对除湿过程性能的促进作用，还能提升溶液除湿系统的整体性能和有效降低能耗。首先，低压闪蒸再生过程无需消耗外加热能，溶液温度在20～35℃左右即可闪蒸，而在除湿过程中吸收了水蒸气凝结热的相变除湿液温度通常高于30℃，因此无需传统再生过程的加热耗能，避免了由于添加微胶囊而导致的加热能耗增加的问题；其次，相变微胶囊可强化闪蒸再生，其原因是微胶囊内部相变材料发生液-固转变而释放热量，可缓解闪蒸过程中液体温度降低的趋势，这一相变微胶囊“自内热”特性应用于除湿液闪蒸再生过程，预期会有利于低压条件下水分从溶液中的蒸发；最后，低压闪蒸可同时实现对除湿液降温及囊芯液-固相变，水分从除湿液中闪蒸这一传质过程伴随吸热，除湿液在得以重新浓缩的同时温度也下降，这非常有利于微胶囊内部囊芯材料的凝固，节省了采用外部冷媒对除湿液及微胶囊进行后续冷却降温的能耗。The technical scheme of the present invention can avoid the adverse effect of adding phase change microcapsules on the regeneration process of the solution, and at the same time does not affect the recycling of the phase change microcapsules in the dehumidification system, fully exert its promoting effect on the performance of the dehumidification process, and can also improve the solution. The overall performance of the dehumidification system and the effective reduction of energy consumption. First of all, the low-pressure flash regeneration process does not need to consume external heating energy, and the solution temperature can be flashed at about 20 to 35 °C, while the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid that absorbs the condensation heat of water vapor during the dehumidification process is usually higher than 30 °C, so no need The heating energy consumption of the traditional regeneration process avoids the problem of increased heating energy consumption due to the addition of microcapsules; secondly, the phase change microcapsules can enhance flash regeneration because the liquid-solid transition of the phase change material inside the microcapsules The release of heat can alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash evaporation process. This phase change microcapsule "self-heating" characteristic is applied to the desiccant liquid flash regeneration process, which is expected to facilitate the evaporation of water from the solution under low pressure conditions; Finally, the low-pressure flash evaporation can simultaneously realize the cooling of the desiccant liquid and the liquid-solid phase transition in the core of the capsule. It is very beneficial to the solidification of the inner core material of the microcapsule, and saves the energy consumption of using an external refrigerant for subsequent cooling and cooling of the dehumidifying liquid and the microcapsule.
有益效果：本发明复合系统利用闪蒸再生器和以相变微胶囊除湿悬浮液为工作流体，在对空气进行除湿实现空调作用的同时，也对溶液闪蒸再生排放的水蒸汽进行常温冷凝而获得淡水，从而实现了空调溶液除湿与闪蒸淡水制取的有机结合；本发明复合系统能够实现除湿、再生这两个溶液热力过程所涉溶液-空气/水蒸气热质传递的协同强化，从而提高系统的整体能效，本发明复合系统对处于高湿气候、缺少淡水、缺乏能源供给的海洋岛礁开发建设有着重要的应用价值。Beneficial effects: The composite system of the present invention utilizes the flash regenerator and the phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension as the working fluid to dehumidify the air to achieve air conditioning, and also condense the water vapor discharged from the flash regeneration of the solution at room temperature to prevent the air from being dehumidified. Fresh water is obtained, thereby realizing the organic combination of air conditioning solution dehumidification and flashing fresh water preparation; the composite system of the present invention can realize the synergistic enhancement of solution-air/steam heat and mass transfer involved in the two solution thermodynamic processes of dehumidification and regeneration, thereby The overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, and the composite system of the present invention has important application value for the development and construction of marine islands and reefs in high humidity climates, lack of fresh water, and lack of energy supply.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明复合系统的系统原理图；图1中实线表示相变除湿液流程，虚线表示淡水制取流程，点划线表示冷却水流程；Fig. 1 is the system principle diagram of the composite system of the present invention; in Fig. 1, the solid line represents the process of phase change dehumidification liquid, the dashed line represents the fresh water production process, and the dashed line represents the cooling water process;
图2为本发明复合系统利用太阳能电池板供电的原理图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite system of the present invention using solar panels for power supply.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1～2所示，本发明基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，能将溶液除湿与淡水制取整合到一个系统中实现，溶液再生和淡水制取同时在低压闪蒸再生器14中进行；本发明复合系统包括由除湿器19和闪蒸再生器14组成的溶液除湿循环回路；除湿器19内设有除湿填料1，除湿填料1的上部设有布液器15，相变除湿液通过布液器15喷洒在除湿填料1上，湿空气通过风机8从除湿器19下部进入除湿器19中；闪蒸再生器14内包括冷凝管9以及喷淋管3，冷凝管9通过管道与外部冷却水池形成冷却水循环回路；被除湿后的干燥空气从除湿器19上部的排气口排出，供空调用；被稀释并吸热的相变除湿液通过连接 管道进入闪蒸再生器14中并通过闪蒸再生器14内的喷淋管3喷出(在除湿过程中，除湿液的温度可达到30-40度)，相变除湿液喷出瞬间闪蒸形成的蒸汽在冷凝管9作用下形成液体并被集水盘10收集；未闪蒸的相变除湿液进入溶液槽6中，通过溶液泵7送入除湿器19中通过布液器15喷洒出来再次进行除湿。As shown in Figures 1 to 2, the present invention is based on a composite system of solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration, which can integrate solution dehumidification and fresh water production into one system. Regenerator 14; the composite system of the present invention includes a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier 19 and a flash regenerator 14; the dehumidifier 19 is provided with a dehumidification filler 1, and the upper part of the dehumidification filler 1 is provided with a liquid distributor 15, The phase change dehumidifying liquid is sprayed on the dehumidifying filler 1 through the liquid distributor 15, and the moist air enters the dehumidifier 19 from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 through the fan 8; the flash regenerator 14 includes a condensation pipe 9 and a spray pipe 3. The condensation pipe 9. The cooling water circulation loop is formed with the external cooling water pool through the pipeline; the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is diluted and absorbed heat enters the flash regeneration through the connecting pipeline In the dehumidifier 14 and sprayed out through the spray pipe 3 in the flash regenerator 14 (during the dehumidification process, the temperature of the dehumidification liquid can reach 30-40 degrees), the phase-change dehumidification liquid is sprayed out and the steam formed by instant flash evaporation is condensed. The liquid is formed under the action of the pipe 9 and collected by the water collecting tray 10; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is not flashed enters the solution tank 6, and is sent to the dehumidifier 19 by the solution pump 7 and sprayed out by the liquid distributor 15 for dehumidification again.
相变除湿液由相变微胶囊和除湿盐溶液构成；即本发明采用相变微胶囊除湿悬浮液(相变除湿液)作为工作流体。将相变微胶囊加入质量分数为35％的氯化锂溶液中；采用搅拌器，搅拌30min，将相变微胶囊的大团聚打开；然后往悬浮液中加入复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌30min，得到分散性和稳定性均好的悬浮液。复合表面活性剂能够改善悬浮液的稳定性，与单一表面活性剂相比，采用复合表面活性剂能够显著提高悬浮液的稳定性。悬浮液中，微胶囊质量浓度为1％，复合表面活性剂中，CTAB的用量为0.1％，Tween80为0.15％时，悬浮液稳定性最好。The phase-change dehumidification liquid is composed of phase-change microcapsules and a dehumidifying salt solution; that is, the present invention adopts a phase-change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase-change dehumidification liquid) as a working fluid. The phase change microcapsules were added to a lithium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 35%; a stirrer was used to stir for 30 minutes to open the large agglomeration of the phase change microcapsules; then the composite surfactant was added to the suspension, and the stirring was continued for 30 minutes. A suspension with good dispersibility and stability was obtained. The composite surfactant can improve the stability of the suspension. Compared with the single surfactant, the use of the composite surfactant can significantly improve the stability of the suspension. In the suspension, when the mass concentration of microcapsules is 1%, the amount of CTAB in the composite surfactant is 0.1%, and the amount of Tween80 is 0.15%, the stability of the suspension is the best.
相变微胶囊的制备：以正十八烷为芯材、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为壁材，采用原位聚合法制备相变材料微胶囊，具体为：将3g三聚氰胺、6g甲醛溶液(w％为37％)溶解于去离子水中，在70℃条件下恒温搅拌，搅拌速率为500-600r/min。搅拌30min后，用三乙醇胺溶液调pH至8.5-9.0，1h后得到澄清透明的三聚氰胺-甲醛预聚体溶液；将复配乳化剂与10g正十八烷混合后，加入到5mL温度为80℃的去离子水，复配乳化剂的种类和配比为SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶Span80(司盘-80)∶Tween80(吐温-80)＝0.1∶0.6∶0.3，复配乳化剂用量为芯材(正十八烷)加入质量的10％，乳化转速为1000r/min。在80℃恒温水浴中高速剪切，预乳化5min后，再以5mL/min的速度滴加100mL去离子水，得到乳液；在三口烧瓶中加入乳液，水浴温度40℃，在400r/min搅拌速度下缓慢滴入三聚氰胺-甲醛预聚体，并用10％的氯化铵溶液调节pH值至5.5，升温至65℃继续反应2h后用10％的冰醋酸溶液调pH值至3.5-4.0，再持续搅拌30min后结束；经抽滤并用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤数次，所得滤饼在真空干燥箱内于40℃条件下干燥24h，最终得到相变微胶囊。The preparation of phase change microcapsules: take n-octadecane as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material, adopt the in-situ polymerization method to prepare the phase change material microcapsules, specifically: mix 3g melamine, 6g formaldehyde solution (w% as 37%) was dissolved in deionized water, stirred at a constant temperature of 70°C, and the stirring rate was 500-600 r/min. After stirring for 30min, adjust the pH to 8.5-9.0 with triethanolamine solution, and obtain a clear and transparent melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer solution after 1h; after mixing the compound emulsifier with 10g n-octadecane, add it to 5mL and the temperature is 80℃ The type and ratio of compound emulsifier are SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate): Span80 (Span-80): Tween80 (Tween-80) = 0.1: 0.6: 0.3, compound emulsification The dosage of the agent is 10% of the added mass of the core material (n-octadecane), and the emulsification speed is 1000 r/min. High-speed shearing in a constant temperature water bath at 80°C, after pre-emulsification for 5min, 100mL of deionized water was added dropwise at a rate of 5mL/min to obtain an emulsion; the emulsion was added to a three-necked flask, the temperature of the water bath was 40°C, and the stirring speed was 400r/min. The melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer was slowly added dropwise, and the pH value was adjusted to 5.5 with 10% ammonium chloride solution, the temperature was raised to 65 °C and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, and then the pH value was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 with 10% glacial acetic acid solution, and continued After stirring for 30 min, it was finished; after suction filtration and washing with absolute ethanol and deionized water for several times, the obtained filter cake was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40 °C for 24 h, and finally phase-change microcapsules were obtained.
制得的相变微胶囊粒径集中分布在0.3-1μm，平均粒径为0.636μm，相变潜热最高为147.59J/g，对应囊芯含量为63.69％；制得的相变微胶囊熔融温度区间为26～32℃，符合氯化锂除湿溶液在除湿阶段的理想温度范围；结晶温度范围在20～26℃，过冷度低，可以利用高温冷源使囊芯重新凝固，容易实现相变微胶囊的重复利用。The particle size of the prepared phase change microcapsules is concentrated in the range of 0.3-1 μm, the average particle size is 0.636 μm, the highest latent heat of phase change is 147.59 J/g, and the corresponding core content is 63.69%; the melting temperature of the prepared phase change microcapsules The range is 26-32°C, which is in line with the ideal temperature range of lithium chloride dehumidifying solution in the dehumidification stage; the crystallization temperature range is 20-26°C, and the degree of subcooling is low. The high-temperature cold source can be used to re-solidify the capsule core, which is easy to achieve phase transition. Reuse of microcapsules.
闪蒸再生器14通过真空泵13与外部抽真空装置连接。闪蒸再生器14内的低压由真空泵13在系统运行前初步营造，系统运行过程中由冷凝管9中冷却水流量和温度控制来维持和调节闪蒸再生器14内的真空度。本发明系统还包括PLC控制箱，溶液泵7、输出泵12和真空泵13分别通过电缆与PLC控制箱连接。The flash regenerator 14 is connected to an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump 13 . The low pressure in the flash regenerator 14 is initially created by the vacuum pump 13 before the system runs. During the system operation, the cooling water flow and temperature in the condenser 9 are controlled to maintain and adjust the vacuum degree in the flash regenerator 14 . The system of the present invention also includes a PLC control box, and the solution pump 7, the output pump 12 and the vacuum pump 13 are respectively connected with the PLC control box through cables.
闪蒸再生器14包括通过隔板16隔离的淡水制取区17和溶液再生区18，隔板的高度h不低于喷淋管3喷嘴至闪蒸再生器14底板的垂直距离H；冷凝管9位于淡水制取区17，喷 淋管3位于溶液再生区18，冷凝管9下方设有集水盘10，喷淋管3下方设有浓溶液盘5；集水盘10通过管道与水槽11连接，水槽11通过输出泵12给外部进行淡水供应，浓溶液盘5通过管道与溶液槽6连接，溶液槽6通过溶液泵7与除湿器19内的布液器15连接。The flash regenerator 14 includes a fresh water production area 17 and a solution regeneration area 18 separated by a partition plate 16, and the height h of the partition plate is not lower than the vertical distance H from the nozzle of the spray pipe 3 to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator 14; 9 is located in the fresh water production area 17, the spray pipe 3 is located in the solution regeneration area 18, the condensing pipe 9 is provided with a water collecting pan 10 below, and the spray pipe 3 is provided with a concentrated solution pan 5 below; Connection, the water tank 11 supplies fresh water to the outside through the output pump 12, the concentrated solution pan 5 is connected to the solution tank 6 through a pipeline, and the solution tank 6 is connected to the liquid distributor 15 in the dehumidifier 19 through the solution pump 7.
本发明除湿填料1主要用于湿空气与相变除湿液的热质交换，湿空气将水分释放给相变除湿液变成干燥空气，相变除湿液吸收水分由浓溶液变成稀溶液。溶液除湿循环回路的低压闪蒸再生器主要由溶液再生区18工作，稀释后的稀相变除湿液在闪蒸再生器14中进行低压闪蒸，水分闪蒸成为水蒸气，溶液得以浓缩再生。淡水制取流程的低压闪蒸再生器主要由淡水制取区17工作，由稀相变除湿液中闪蒸出的水蒸气与冷凝管9管壁面接触，被冷凝成液态水汇集入集水盘10中，可用做生活淡水。The dehumidifying filler 1 of the present invention is mainly used for heat and mass exchange between humid air and phase change dehumidification liquid. The low-pressure flash regenerator of the solution dehumidification circulation loop mainly works in the solution regeneration zone 18. The diluted dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash regenerator 14, and the water is flashed into water vapor, and the solution can be concentrated and regenerated. The low-pressure flash regenerator of the fresh water production process mainly works in the fresh water production area 17. The water vapor flashed from the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid contacts the wall surface of the condenser pipe 9, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water collecting tray 10, which can be used as living fresh water.
本发明复合系统还包括太阳能电池板20，太阳能电池板20通过逆变器21分别给系统中的各个泵(7，12，13)和风机8供电。The composite system of the present invention further includes a solar cell panel 20, and the solar cell panel 20 supplies power to each pump (7, 12, 13) and the fan 8 in the system through the inverter 21, respectively.
本发明复合系统溶液除湿循环过程为：由溶液泵7送出的浓相变除湿液与风机8送入的湿空气在除湿填料1中发生热质交换，由于湿空气中的水蒸汽分压力与除湿溶液表面的水蒸汽分压力之差产生了除湿过程的推动力，伴随空气中水分被相变除湿液吸收所放出的凝结热会导致溶液温度升高，溶液表面水蒸汽分压力也相应升高，相变除湿液的浓度逐渐降低变为稀溶液；稀释后的稀相变除湿液在除湿器19和闪蒸再生器14之间压差驱动下，由除湿器19底部经节流阀2进入闪蒸再生器14的溶液再生区18顶部的喷淋管3中，再由喷淋管3均匀喷淋在闪蒸再生器14内部，稀相变除湿液在闪蒸再生器14中进行低压闪蒸，水分闪蒸成为水蒸气，相变除湿液得以浓缩再生；闪蒸再生后的浓相变除湿液经浓溶液盘5进入溶液槽6中，再由溶液泵7输送到除湿器19中，如此周而复始地循环。湿空气由风机8从除湿器19下部进入，与除湿器19(除湿填料1)中的相变除湿液形成逆流流动状态，空气中的水分被相变除湿液吸收，得以除湿；被除湿后的干燥空气再经除湿器19顶部的排气口送入空调区域，用以空气调节。The solution dehumidification cycle process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid sent by the solution pump 7 and the humid air sent by the fan 8 exchange heat and mass in the dehumidification filler 1. The difference of the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the solution produces the driving force of the dehumidification process. The condensation heat released by the absorption of the moisture in the air by the phase change dehumidification liquid will cause the temperature of the solution to rise, and the partial pressure of the water vapor on the surface of the solution will also rise accordingly. The concentration of the phase change dehumidification liquid gradually decreases and becomes a dilute solution; the diluted phase change dehumidification liquid is driven by the pressure difference between the dehumidifier 19 and the flash regenerator 14, and enters the flash from the bottom of the dehumidifier 19 through the throttle valve 2. In the spray pipe 3 at the top of the solution regeneration zone 18 of the steam regenerator 14, the spray pipe 3 is evenly sprayed inside the flash steam regenerator 14, and the dilute phase change dehumidification liquid is flashed at low pressure in the flash steam regenerator 14. , the water is flashed into water vapor, and the phase change dehumidification liquid can be concentrated and regenerated; the concentrated phase change dehumidification liquid after flash evaporation and regeneration enters the solution tank 6 through the concentrated solution tray 5, and then is transported by the solution pump 7 to the dehumidifier 19. In this way cycle over and over again. The humid air enters from the lower part of the dehumidifier 19 by the fan 8, and forms a countercurrent flow state with the phase change dehumidification liquid in the dehumidifier 19 (dehumidification filler 1). The dry air is then sent to the air-conditioning area through the exhaust port at the top of the dehumidifier 19 for air conditioning.
本发明复合系统淡水制取流程为：溶液低压闪蒸再生过程中得到的水蒸气由闪蒸再生器14内的溶液再生区18转移至淡水制取区17，水蒸气与通有冷却水的冷凝管9管壁面接触，被冷凝成液态水经集水盘10汇集入水槽11中，再由输出泵12送入用户进行淡水供应。The fresh water production process of the composite system of the present invention is as follows: the water vapor obtained during the low-pressure flash regeneration of the solution is transferred from the solution regeneration zone 18 in the flash regenerator 14 to the fresh water production zone 17, and the water vapor is condensed with cooling water. The pipe 9 is in contact with the pipe wall, and is condensed into liquid water and collected into the water tank 11 through the water collecting tray 10, and then sent to the user by the output pump 12 for fresh water supply.
本发明复合系统采用相变微胶囊除湿悬浮液(相变除湿液)为工作流体。在除湿过程中，相变微胶囊发生固-液相变，吸收除湿过程中由于水分凝结进入溶液中而释放的热量，从而缓解因溶液温升导致除湿能力下降的问题，实现溶液“自内冷”，有利于除湿过程。在低压闪蒸再生过程中，相变微胶囊内部相变材料发生液-固转变而释放热量，不仅可缓解闪蒸过程中液体温度降低的趋势，强化闪蒸再生，无需传统再生过程的加热能耗；而且水分从相变除湿液中闪蒸这一传质过程伴随吸热，相变除湿液在得以重新浓缩的同时温度也下降，这非常有利于相变微胶囊内部囊芯材料的凝固，节省了采用外部冷媒对除湿液及微胶 囊进行后续冷却降温的能耗，低压闪蒸同时实现了对除湿液降温及囊芯液-固相变。The composite system of the present invention adopts the phase change microcapsule dehumidification suspension (phase change dehumidification liquid) as the working fluid. During the dehumidification process, the phase change microcapsules undergo a solid-liquid phase change, which absorbs the heat released by the condensation of water into the solution during the dehumidification process, thereby alleviating the problem of the decrease in dehumidification capacity caused by the temperature rise of the solution, and realizing the “self-cooling of the solution”. ”, which is beneficial to the dehumidification process. During the low-pressure flash regeneration process, the phase change material inside the phase change microcapsules undergoes a liquid-solid transition to release heat, which can not only alleviate the tendency of the liquid temperature to decrease during the flash regeneration process, but also strengthen the flash regeneration without the need for heating energy in the traditional regeneration process. Moreover, the mass transfer process of flash evaporation of water from the phase change dehumidification liquid is accompanied by heat absorption, and the temperature of the phase change dehumidification liquid is reduced while being re-concentrated, which is very beneficial to the solidification of the core material inside the phase change microcapsules. The energy consumption of subsequent cooling and cooling of the dehumidifying liquid and the microcapsules by using an external refrigerant is saved, and the low-pressure flash evaporation simultaneously realizes the cooling of the dehumidifying liquid and the liquid-solid phase transition of the capsule core.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：包括由除湿器和闪蒸再生器组成的溶液除湿循环回路；所述除湿器内设有除湿填料，所述除湿填料的上部设有布液器，相变除湿液通过布液器喷洒在除湿填料上，湿空气通过风机从除湿器下部通入除湿器中；所述闪蒸再生器内包括冷凝管和喷淋管，冷凝管通过管道与外部冷却水池形成冷却水循环回路；除湿后的干燥空气从除湿器上部的排气口排出，被稀释并吸热的相变除湿液通过连接管道进入闪蒸再生器中并通过闪蒸再生器内的喷淋管喷出，相变除湿液喷出瞬间闪蒸形成的蒸汽在冷凝管作用下形成液体并被集水盘接收；未闪蒸的相变除湿液进入溶液槽中，通过溶液泵送入除湿器中通过布液器喷洒出来再次进行除湿。A compound system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration is characterized in that: it includes a solution dehumidification circulation loop composed of a dehumidifier and a flash regenerator; the dehumidifier is provided with a dehumidification filler, and the dehumidification filler The upper part is provided with a liquid distributor, the phase change dehumidification liquid is sprayed on the dehumidification packing through the liquid distributor, and the moist air is passed into the dehumidifier from the lower part of the dehumidifier through the fan; the flash regenerator includes a condensation pipe and a spray pipe. , the condensation pipe forms a cooling water circulation loop with the external cooling water pool through the pipeline; the dehumidified dry air is discharged from the exhaust port on the upper part of the dehumidifier, and the phase-change dehumidification liquid that is diluted and absorbed heat enters the flash regenerator through the connecting pipeline and passes through The spray pipe in the flash regenerator is sprayed out, and the phase change dehumidification liquid is sprayed out. The steam formed by instant flashing is formed into a liquid under the action of the condenser pipe and is received by the water collecting tray; the phase change dehumidification liquid that is not flashed enters the solution tank. , pump the solution into the dehumidifier and spray it out through the liquid distributor to dehumidify again.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述相变除湿液通过在除湿盐溶液中添加质量分数不超过10％的相变微胶囊而得到；其中，除湿盐溶液为氯化锂溶液、溴化锂溶液或氯化钙溶液。The composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 1, wherein the phase change dehumidification liquid is prepared by adding phase change microcapsules with a mass fraction of no more than 10% in the dehumidification salt solution. obtained; wherein, the dehumidifying salt solution is a lithium chloride solution, a lithium bromide solution or a calcium chloride solution.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述相变除湿液具体由如下方法制备而成：将相变微胶囊加入除湿盐溶液中，搅拌使相变微胶囊分散均匀后，往悬浮液中加入复合表面活性剂，继续搅拌得到稳定的相变除湿液。The composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 2, characterized in that: the phase change dehumidification liquid is prepared by the following method: adding phase change microcapsules into the dehumidifying salt solution, After stirring to uniformly disperse the phase change microcapsules, the composite surfactant is added to the suspension, and the stirring is continued to obtain a stable phase change dehumidifying liquid.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述闪蒸再生器通过真空泵与外部抽真空装置连接。The composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 1, wherein the flash regenerator is connected to an external vacuuming device through a vacuum pump.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述闪蒸再生器包括通过隔板隔离的淡水制取区和溶液再生区，所述冷凝管位于淡水制取区，所述喷淋管位于溶液再生区，所述冷凝管下方设有集水盘，所述喷淋管下方设有浓溶液盘。The combined system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 1, wherein the flash regenerator comprises a fresh water production area and a solution regeneration area separated by Located in the fresh water production area, the spray pipe is located in the solution regeneration area, a water collecting tray is arranged below the condensation pipe, and a concentrated solution tray is arranged below the spray pipe.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述集水盘通过管道与水槽连接，所述浓溶液盘通过管道与溶液槽连接。The composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 5, wherein the water collecting tray is connected to the water tank through a pipeline, and the concentrated solution tray is connected to the solution tank through a pipeline.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：所述隔板的高度不低于喷淋管喷嘴至闪蒸再生器底板的垂直距离。The composite system for solution dehumidification and fresh water production based on flash regeneration according to claim 5, wherein the height of the partition is not lower than the vertical distance from the nozzle of the spray pipe to the bottom plate of the flash regenerator.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于闪蒸再生的溶液除湿及淡水制取复合系统，其特征在于：还包括太阳能电池板，太阳能电池板通过逆变器分别给系统中的各个泵和风机供电。The flash regeneration-based solution dehumidification and fresh water production composite system according to claim 1, further comprising a solar panel, which supplies power to each pump and fan in the system through an inverter.
PCT/CN2020/132781 2020-07-08 2020-11-30 Flash evaporation regeneration-based solution dehumidification and fresh water preparation composite system WO2022007318A1 (en)

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