WO2022007158A1 - 地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备 - Google Patents

地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007158A1
WO2022007158A1 PCT/CN2020/112786 CN2020112786W WO2022007158A1 WO 2022007158 A1 WO2022007158 A1 WO 2022007158A1 CN 2020112786 W CN2020112786 W CN 2020112786W WO 2022007158 A1 WO2022007158 A1 WO 2022007158A1
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Prior art keywords
traction transformer
phase angle
power supply
magnetic flux
power
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PCT/CN2020/112786
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王跃
梅文庆
文宇良
张志学
李程
彭赟
胡景瑜
付刚
吴奕
陈欣
周振邦
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中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司
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Priority to EP20944083.3A priority Critical patent/EP4180267A4/en
Publication of WO2022007158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007158A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • B60M3/04—Arrangements for cutting in and out of individual track sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/04—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
    • H02H1/043—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks to inrush currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H02H9/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off limiting inrush current on switching on of inductive loads subjected to remanence, e.g. transformers

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the technical field of rectification, and in particular relates to a method and a device for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer by ground over-phase.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit topology of the ground automatic phase splitting device of the power electronic switch. Taking the forward driving as an example, the basic working principle is briefly introduced:
  • Step1 The neutral section M was originally in a no-power state, the locomotive C traveled to the CG1 position, and the control unit U processed the position detection logic to determine that it was driving in the forward direction; the control unit U controlled the first power electronic switch (thyristor valve group) K1 action
  • the neutral segment M is electrically connected to the front-phase power supply arm A (the first power supply arm), and the voltage of the neutral segment M is exactly the same as that of the front-phase power supply arm A;
  • Step2 The locomotive travels to the CG2 position, the control unit U receives the position detection signal, and prepares for the switching process: first control the first power electronic switch K1 to disconnect so that the neutral section M and the front-phase power supply arm A are disconnected (at this time, the neutral Section M is in a no-power state), after a period of time (that is, the real no-power time of the locomotive passing through the phase-splitting area), the second power electronic switch K2 is controlled to act so that the neutral section M and the rear-phase power supply arm B (the second power supply arm ) electrical connection, at this time the voltage of the neutral section M is exactly the same as that of the rear-phase power supply arm B;
  • Step3 The locomotive travels to the CG3 position, and the control unit U controls the second power electronic switch K2 to turn off, so that the neutral section M is disconnected from the rear-phase power supply arm B. At this time, the neutral section M returns to a no-power state.
  • the power electronic over-phase device using the thyristor valve group as the switch can solve the problems caused by the traditional vacuum switch, and at the same time greatly reduce the speed loss and the driver's operating frequency caused by the over-phase of the locomotive.
  • the power electronic over-phase splitting device switches the power supply voltage from the front-phase power supply arm A to the back-phase power supply arm B (the voltage of the front-phase power supply arm A and the voltage of the back-phase power supply arm B usually have a phase difference), it is equivalent to a locomotive.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a method and device for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer by ground over-phase, so as to solve the problems of low safety and low operational reliability of power electronic over-phase devices in the prior art.
  • the present application provides a method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase, comprising: obtaining a first phase angle of the voltage of the first power supply arm whose voltage of the second power supply arm lags behind, and the locomotive is powered by the first power supply arm.
  • the primary current of the traction transformer lags the second phase angle of the voltage of the first power supply arm and the disconnection time of the first power electronic switch corresponding to the first power supply arm; according to the first phase angle, the second phase angle and the preset
  • the magnetic flux change threshold is determined according to the non-power time interval of the traction transformer; according to the disconnection moment of the first power electronic switch and the non-power time interval, the The closing moment is such that when the second power electronic switch is closed, the magnetic flux of the traction transformer is within a preset magnetic flux range, wherein the preset magnetic flux range is determined according to the maximum withstand excitation inrush current of the traction transformer.
  • the present application further provides a device for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer by ground over-phase, a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the ground over-phase as described in any one of the above is realized. Steps of a method for suppressing magnetizing inrush current in a traction transformer.
  • the present application also provides a ground over-phase system, including acquisition equipment, at least one ground over-phase device, and the above-mentioned ground over-phase suppression device for excitation inrush current of a traction transformer; each ground over-phase device includes a first power supply arm, a second Two power supply arms, a first power electronic switch and a second power electronic switch; the collection device is used to collect the voltage of the first power supply arm, the voltage of the second power supply arm and the primary current of the traction transformer; the ground over-phase suppresses the excitation of the traction transformer
  • the device for inrush current is used for implementing the steps of the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 according to the data collected by the collecting device.
  • the present application also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to any one of the above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit topology of the ground automatic phase splitting device of a power electronic switch
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of a traction transformer
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to the ground excessive phase;
  • Fig. 4 is the flow chart of determining the time interval without electricity
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation waveform of the primary current of the traction transformer using the optimal no-power time interval
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation waveform of the primary current of the traction transformer using random non-electric time intervals
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit model of a traction transformer.
  • the resistors R 1 to R 3 and the inductances L 1 to L 3 represent the short-circuit impedance characteristics of each winding, and the resistor R m and the saturated inductance L sat are used to simulate the active loss of the traction transformer iron core. and magnetization properties.
  • the magnetizing inrush current is generated because the magnetic flux curve of the traction transformer is in the saturation region of its core magnetization curve.
  • the size of the magnetic flux of the traction transformer determines the size of the excitation surge, and the magnetic flux of the traction transformer is directly related to the voltage of the traction transformer. Therefore, there is the following formula (1):
  • u is the voltage of the traction transformer
  • ⁇ is the magnetic flux of the traction transformer
  • R 1 is the short-circuit resistance value of the primary winding of the traction transformer
  • L 1 is the short-circuit inductance value of the primary winding of the traction transformer
  • i is the current flowing through the traction transformer.
  • calculation formula (1) can be simplified to the calculation formula (2) as follows:
  • ⁇ m is the maximum magnetic flux of the traction transformer
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer
  • U m is the maximum voltage of the traction transformer
  • ⁇ is the initial phase angle of the closing voltage
  • ⁇ 0 ⁇ m cos( ⁇ t+ ⁇ )+ ⁇ r (4)
  • ⁇ r is the remanence of the traction transformer immediately before closing.
  • the magnitude and the positive and negative of the magnetic flux change ⁇ 0 of the traction transformer are directly related to the remanence ⁇ r and the initial phase angle ⁇ of the closing voltage, where the initial phase angle of the closing voltage is a random quantity according to the different closing moments. . Due to the loss of the traction transformer, ⁇ 0 decays with time, and the decay constant is related to the impedance of the primary side, the capacity of the traction transformer and the material of the iron core.
  • the magnetic flux curve may be in the saturation region of the magnetization curve, resulting in an excitation inrush current.
  • the maximum value of the magnetic flux can be more than twice that of the steady state, and the inrush current will increase sharply.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase of the present application.
  • the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase in this embodiment may specifically include the following steps:
  • the first phase angle is the phase of the first power supply arm voltage lagging behind the second power supply arm voltage
  • the angle and the second phase angle are the phase angles at which the primary current of the traction transformer lags the voltage of the first power supply arm when the locomotive is powered by the first power supply arm;
  • the voltage of the first power supply arm, the voltage of the second power supply arm, and the primary current of the traction transformer can be collected by means of voltage sensing, current sensor and other collection devices, and then the first power supply arm voltage lag of the second power supply arm can be obtained.
  • the first phase angle of the voltage of the power supply arm and the second phase angle of the primary side current of the traction transformer when the locomotive is powered by the first power supply arm lags the voltage of the first power supply arm.
  • the power electronic switch K1 is controlled to be disconnected, the disconnection time of the power electronic switch is recorded.
  • the implementation process of this step is as follows:
  • the no-power time interval is to determine the per-unit value of the magnetic flux variation of the traction transformer corresponding to the closing moment of the second power electronic switch;
  • the first phase angle, the second phase angle and the predicted no-electricity time interval can be substituted into the pre-built calculation formula of the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change to obtain the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer. .
  • the above-mentioned calculation formula (5) of the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change can be constructed as follows:
  • the voltages of the power supply arms passing before and after the locomotive running direction are the first power supply arm voltage U A and the second power supply arm voltage U B respectively , then there is the following calculation formula (6):
  • the difference of the grid voltage amplitude and frequency of the front and rear power supply arms has been ignored.
  • the common values of the first phase angle ⁇ AB of the voltage of the first power supply arm that the voltage of the second power supply arm lags behind are 0, ⁇ /3 ( ⁇ 60° ), ⁇ /2 ( ⁇ 90°), ⁇ 2 ⁇ /3 ( ⁇ 120°); however, due to the variability of railway power supply methods, there is even a situation where the power supply arms at both ends of the phase-splitting area are powered by different power supply bureaus.
  • the value range of the first phase angle ⁇ AB of the first power supply arm voltage with the two power supply arm voltages lagging should be ⁇ AB ⁇ [- ⁇ , + ⁇ ].
  • the primary current of the traction transformer when the locomotive travels under the first power supply arm can be expressed as formula (7):
  • the ground automatic phase splitting device of the power electronic switch connects the neutral section M to the voltage U B of the second power supply arm.
  • the calculation formula (10) can be obtained:
  • the real-time magnetic flux of the traction transformer iron core is shown in formula (11), where ⁇ 0 gradually decays with time. Since the saturation magnetic flux of the traction transformer is generally ⁇ sat ⁇ 1.15 to 1.5, that is to say, when the amplitude of ⁇ 0 is greater than 0.5, the magnetizing inrush current of the traction transformer will be excited.
  • the magnetic flux change threshold ⁇ pu can be analyzed and set in advance according to the actual demand. In this way, after setting a predicted no-power time interval t no , the predicted second power electronic switch can be obtained. variation of magnetic flux corresponding to the closing time of the traction transformer p.u.
  • the preset magnetic flux change threshold ⁇ pu is preferably 0.5.
  • step S20 If the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer is greater than the preset magnetic flux change threshold, add the predicted no-power time interval to the preset iterative increment time, update the predicted no-power time interval, and return to step S10;
  • the predicted no-power time interval can be added to the preset iterative increment time and the predicted no-power time interval can be updated. , return to step S10;
  • the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer is less than or equal to the preset magnetic flux change threshold, it means that according to the predicted no-power time interval set this time, after the second power electronic switch is controlled to be closed, a small excitation will be generated Inrush current, even magnetizing inrush current is not generated, therefore, the predicted no-power time interval can be regarded as the no-power time interval. In this way, the magnetizing inrush current of the traction transformer is guaranteed to be within the acceptable range, and the power-off time interval is as short as possible to reduce the speed loss of the train in the excessive phase region.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of determining the no-power time interval. As shown in FIG. 4 , the steps of determining the no-power time interval are as follows:
  • the closing time of the second power electronic switch corresponding to the second power supply arm may be determined according to the disconnection time and the dead time interval of the first power electronic switch. time, so that when the second power electronic switch is closed, the magnetic flux of the traction transformer is within a preset magnetic flux range.
  • the closing time of the second power electronic switch is preferably the sum of the opening time of the first power electronic switch and the dead time interval.
  • the preset magnetic flux range is determined according to the maximum withstand excitation inrush current of the traction transformer. The preset magnetic flux range is preferably 1.15 ⁇ 1.5.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation waveform of the primary side current of the traction transformer using the optimal no-power time interval
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation waveform of the primary side current of the traction transformer using a random no-power time interval.
  • the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of the traction transformer by ground over-phase in this embodiment is obtained by obtaining the first phase angle of the voltage of the first power supply arm that is lagging behind the voltage of the second power supply arm, and the current of the primary side of the traction transformer lags the first power supply arm when the locomotive is powered by the first power supply arm.
  • the magnetic flux is within the preset magnetic flux range, which realizes the optimal no-power time interval on-line, which not only ensures that the excitation inrush current of the traction transformer is within an acceptable range, but also makes the no-power time interval as short as possible to reduce the excessive phase delay of the train. speed loss in the area.
  • the methods in the embodiments of the present application may be executed by a single device, such as a computer or a server.
  • the method in this embodiment can also be applied in a distributed scenario, and is completed by the cooperation of multiple devices.
  • one device among the multiple devices may only execute one or more steps in the methods of the embodiments of the present application, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to the present application.
  • the apparatus for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer according to the present embodiment includes an acquisition module 70 , a first determining module 71 and a second determination module 72 .
  • the obtaining module 70 is configured to obtain the first phase angle of the voltage of the first power supply arm with the voltage of the second power supply arm lagging behind, the second phase angle of the primary current of the traction transformer lagging the voltage of the first power supply arm when the locomotive is powered by the first power supply arm, and the disconnection time of the first power electronic switch corresponding to the first power supply arm;
  • the first determination module 71 is configured to determine the non-electric time interval of the traction transformer according to the first phase angle, the second phase angle and the preset magnetic flux change threshold;
  • the first determination module 71 determines the non-power time interval of the traction transformer, it can be implemented according to the following steps:
  • the first phase angle, the second phase angle and the predicted dead time interval are substituted into the pre-built calculation formula of the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change to obtain the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer.
  • the calculation formula of the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change refers to calculation formula (5).
  • the flux change threshold is 0.5.
  • the value range of the first phase angle is [ ⁇ , + ⁇ ].
  • step S20 If the per-unit value of the magnetic flux change of the traction transformer is greater than the preset magnetic flux change threshold, add the predicted no-power time interval to the preset iterative increment time, update the predicted no-power time interval, and return to step S10;
  • the second determination module 72 is configured to determine the closing time of the second power electronic switch corresponding to the second power supply arm according to the disconnection time and the dead time interval of the first power electronic switch, so that when the second power electronic switch is closed, the The magnetic flux of the traction transformer is within the preset magnetic flux range;
  • the preset magnetic flux range is determined according to the maximum withstand excitation inrush current of the traction transformer.
  • the present application also provides a device for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase, and the device for suppressing the excitation inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase includes a memory and a processor;
  • a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of the traction transformer according to the above-mentioned embodiment are realized.
  • the present application also provides various ground over-phase systems, the ground over-phase systems include acquisition equipment, at least one ground over-phase device, and the ground over-phase suppression device for the excitation inrush current of the traction transformer of the above embodiment;
  • each of the ground over-phase devices includes a first power supply arm, a second power supply arm, a first power electronic switch, and a second power electronic switch;
  • the acquisition device is used to collect the voltage of the first power supply arm, the voltage of the second power supply arm and the primary side current of the traction transformer;
  • the apparatus for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase is used to realize the steps of the method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of a traction transformer with excessive ground phase as in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium.
  • the storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present application stores a computer program thereon, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for suppressing the excitation inrush current of the traction transformer according to the above embodiment.
  • any description of a process or method in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function or step of the process , and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which the functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing the functions substantially concurrently or in the reverse order depending upon the functions involved, which should It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present application belong.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module 32, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, and can also be implemented in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备，方法包括：根据获取的第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻(S300)，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔(S301)；根据第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和无电时间间隔，确定第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以使牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内(S302)。

Description

地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备
本申请要求享有2020年07月08日提交的名称为“地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备”的中国专利申请202010654109.2的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于整流技术领域，具体涉及一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备。
背景技术
车载牵引变压器是牵引供电系统中重要的设备，它是否安全直接关系到整个系统的稳定。图1为电力电子开关地面自动过分相装置主电路拓扑示意图，以正向行车为例简要介绍其基本工作原理：
Step1：中性段M原本为无电状态，机车C行驶至CG1位置，控制单元U通过位置检测逻辑处理，判定为正向行车；控制单元U控制第一电力电子开关(晶闸管阀组)K1动作使中性段M与前相供电臂A(第一供电臂)电气连接，此时中性段M的电压与前相供电臂A完全相同；
Step2：机车行驶至CG2位置，控制单元U接收到位置检测信号，准备进行切换过程：先控制第一电力电子开关K1断开使中性段M与前相供电臂A断开(此时中性段M处于无电状态)，经过一段时间(即机车通过分相区的真实无电时间)后，控制第二电力电子开关K2动作使中性段M与后相供电臂B(第二供电臂)电气连接，此时中性段M的电压与后相供电臂B完全相同；
Step3：机车行驶至CG3位置，控制单元U控制第二电力电子开关K2断开使中性段M与后相供电臂B断开，此时中性段M恢复无电状态。
使用晶闸管阀组作为开关的电力电子过分相装置能够解决传统的真空开关带来的问题，同时大幅降低机车过分相带来的速度损失与驾驶员操作频率。然而实际运行中当电力电子过分相装置将供电电压由前相供电臂A切换至后相供电臂B时(前相供电臂A电压 和后相供电臂B电压通常存在相位差)，相当于机车的牵引变压器输入端电压在短时间内存在相位突变，容易激发牵引变压器励磁涌流，甚至可达额定电流的数倍，造成牵引变压器损坏，导致电力电子过分相装置的安全性较低、运行可靠性较低。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提供一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法和设备，以解决现有技术中电力电子过分相装置的安全性较低、运行可靠性较低的问题。
针对上述问题，本申请提供了一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，包括：获取第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻；根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；根据所述第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和所述无电时间间隔，确定所述第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便所述第二电力电子开关闭合时，使所述牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内；其中，所述预设磁通范围根据牵引变压器的最大耐受励磁涌流确定。
本申请还提供一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备，存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上任一项所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
本申请还提供一种地面过分相系统，包括采集设备、至少一个地面过分相装置和上述所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备；每个地面过分相装置包括第一供电臂、第二供电臂、第一电力电子开关和第二电力电子开关；所述采集设备用于采集第一供电臂电压、第二供电臂电压和牵引变压器原边电流；所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备用于根据所述采集设备采集的数据实现如权利要求1至6中任一项所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
本申请还提供一种存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上任一项所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
附图说明
图1为电力电子开关地面自动过分相装置主电路拓扑示意图；
图2为牵引变压器的一种电路模型示意图；
图3为本申请的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法实施例的流程图；
图4为确定无电时间间隔的流程图；
图5为采用最优无电时间间隔的牵引变压器原边电流仿真波形示意图；
图6为采用随机无电时间间隔的牵引变压器原边电流仿真波形示意图；
图7为本申请的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的装置实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本申请的实施方式，借此对本申请如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本申请中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本申请的保护范围之内。
牵引变压器励磁涌流原理如下：
图2为牵引变压器的一种电路模型示意图，电阻R 1～R 3和电感L 1～L 3表征各绕组短路阻抗特性，电阻R m和饱和电感L sat则用于模拟牵引变压器铁芯有功损耗和磁化特性。
在一个具体实现过程中，励磁涌流的产生是由于牵引变压器的磁通曲线处于其铁心磁化曲线的饱和区域造成的。牵引变压器的磁通的大小决定了励磁涌的大小，而牵引变压器的磁通又与牵引变压器电压直接相关，因此，有如下计算式(1)：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000001
其中，u为牵引变压器电压，φ为牵引变压器的磁通，R 1为牵引变压器原边绕组短路电阻值，L 1为牵引变压器原边绕组短路电感值，i为流过牵引变压器的电流。
考虑牵引变压器的励磁涌流主要受磁通变化影响，忽略计算式(1)其他项，计算式(1)可简化为计算式(2)如下：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000002
设牵引变压器的合闸时刻(t＝0)，加在牵引变压器原边侧的电压为u＝U msin(ωt+α)。由式(2)可得计算式(3)：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000003
其中，φ m为牵引变压器最大磁通，φ 0为牵引变压器的磁通变化量，U m为牵引变压器最大电压，α为合闸电压初始相角。
根据磁通不能突变的性质，可得计算式(4)：
φ 0＝φ mcos(ωt+α)+φ r  (4)
其中，φ r为合闸前瞬间牵引变压器剩磁。
牵引变压器的磁通变化量φ 0的大小以及正负性与剩磁φ r、合闸电压初始相角α直接相关，其中，合闸电压初始相角根据合闸时刻的不同α是一个随机量。由于牵引变压器的损耗，φ 0随时间衰减，衰减常数与原边侧阻抗大小、牵引变压器容量和铁芯材料等有关。
牵引变压器饱和磁通一般为φ sat≈1.15～1.5，电力系统中规定牵引变压器的运行电压不超过其额定电压的10％，相应的最大磁通φ m＝1.1，因此稳态时牵引变压器磁通不会超过饱和磁通φ sat，励磁涌流很小。
合闸初始时刻，由于牵引变压器的磁通变化量φ 0的影响，磁通曲线有可能处于磁化曲线的饱和区，产生励磁涌流。最严重情况下，磁通最大值可达超过稳态时的2倍多，励磁涌流会急剧增大。
实施例一
图3为本申请的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法实施例的流程图，如图3所示，本实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法具体可以包括如下步骤：
300、获取第一相位角、第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻；其中，第一相位角为第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的相位角、第二相位角为机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的相位角；
在一个具体实现过程中，可以利用电压传感、电流传感器等采集设备采集到第一供电臂电压、第二供电臂电压和牵引变压器原边电流，进而可以获取第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角。并在控制电力电子开关K1断开时，记录电力电子开关的断开时刻。
301、根据第一相位角、第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；
在一实施方式中，该步骤的实现过程如下：
S10、根据第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角和设定的预测无电时间间隔，确定第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻对应的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值；
在一实施方式中，可以将第一相位角、第二相位角和预测无电时间间隔代入预先构建的磁通变化量标幺值计算式中，得到牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值。
本实施例中，磁通变化量标幺值计算式(5)如下：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000004
其中，|φ 0| pu为牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值，t 0为第一电力电子开关的断开时刻，α AB为第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角，t no为预测无电时间间隔，T s为供电网压基波周期，
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000005
为机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角。
在一实施方式中，上述磁通变化量标幺值计算式(5)可以根据如下方式构建：
设在分相区，机车行车方向前、后经过的供电臂的电压分别为第一供电臂电压U A和第二供电臂电压U B，则有如下计算式(6)：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000006
计算式(6)中，已忽略前、后供电臂电网电压幅值、频率的差异性。根据国内常见铁路分相区供电方式并考虑上行、下行情况，第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角α AB的常见取值为0、±π/3(±60°)、±π/2(±90°)、±2π/3(±120°)；但由于铁路供电方式的多变甚至存在分相区两端供电臂由不同的供电局进行供电的情况，第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角α AB的取值范围应为α AB∈[-π，+π]。
不考虑牵引变压器原边电流畸变时，机车行驶在第一供电臂下牵引变压器原边电流可表示为计算式(7)：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000008
为原边电流滞后网压的相位角度，
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000009
即功率因数。
一般可认为在过分相前，机车在第一供电臂电压下处于较长时间的正常、稳定运行状态，牵引变压器的磁通变化量φ 0已完全衰退到零，即牵引变压器铁芯的磁通将按照正弦 规律变化，则有计算式(8)：
φ＝-φ m cos(ωt)  (8)
设电力电子开关地面自动过分相装置在t＝t 0时刻，将中性段M从第一供电臂电压U A断开，此时牵引变压器的剩磁如计算式(9)
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000010
此后，经过无电时间间隔后，电力电子开关地面自动过分相装置将中性段M接入第二供电臂电压U B，根据计算式(4)可得计算式(10)：
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000011
中性段M接入第二供电臂电压U B后，牵引变压器铁芯实时磁通如计算式(11)所示，其中，φ 0随时间逐渐衰减。由于牵引变压器饱和磁通一般为φ sat≈1.15～1.5，也就是说当φ 0幅值大于0.5时必然会激起牵引变压器励磁涌流。
φ＝-φ mcos(ωt-α AB)+φ 0  (11)
对于计算式(10)，
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000012
或
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000013
时，φ 0数值不变，φ 0的数值由α AB、t no、
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000014
三者共同决定。记|φ 0| pu为φ 0的标幺值，则有计算式(5)。
根据牵引变压器励磁涌流产生原理，只有φ 0的标幺值|φ 0| pu尽可能小，牵引变压器在电力电子开关地面自动过分相装置将原边侧断电再上电时的励磁涌流才能得到相应抑制，因此，本实施例中，可以根据实际需求，分析并预先设置磁通变化阈值λ pu，这样，设定一个预测无电时间间隔t no后，即可得到预测出第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻对应的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值|φ 0| pu，并将得到的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值|φ 0| pu与预设的磁通变化阈值λ pu进行比较，得到比较结果。其中，预设的磁通变化阈值λ pu优选为0.5。
S20、若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值大于预设的磁通变化阈值，将预测无电时间间隔与预设迭代递增时长相加并对预测无电时间间隔进行更新后，返回步骤S10；
本实施例中，若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值大于预设的磁通变化阈值，说明按照此次设置的预测无电时间间隔，控制第二电力电子开关闭合后，会产生较大的励磁涌流，此时，设置的预测无电时间间隔不是最优无电时间间隔，因此，可以将预测无电时间间隔与预设迭代递增时长相加并对预测无电时间间隔进行更新后，返回步骤S10；
S30、若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值小于或等于预设的磁通变化阈值，将预测 无电时间间隔作为无电时间间隔。
若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值小于或等于预设的磁通变化阈值，说明按照此次设置的预测无电时间间隔，控制第二电力电子开关闭合后，会产生较小的励磁涌流，甚至不产生励磁涌流，因此，可以将预测无电时间间隔作为无电时间间隔。这样，既保证牵引变压器励磁涌流在可接受范围内，也要使无电时间间隔尽可能短以降低列车在过分相区的速度损失。
在一实施方式中，图4为确定无电时间间隔的流程图，如图4所示，确定无电时间间隔的步骤如下：
400、给定预设的磁通变化阈值λ pu、预设迭代递增时长t step，并将预测无电时间间隔t no初始化为0；
401、检测第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角α AB和第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000015
402、计算牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值
Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-000016
403、|φ 0| pu≤λ pu是否成立，若是，执行步骤404，若否，执行步骤405；
404、输出预测无电时间间隔t no；
405、t no＝t no+t step，返回步骤401。
302、根据第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和无电时间间隔，确定第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便第二电力电子开关闭合时，使牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内；
在一个具体实现过程中，在确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔后，可以将根据第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和无电时间间隔，确定第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便第二电力电子开关闭合时，使牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内。在一实施方式中，第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻优选为第一电力电子开关的断开时刻与无电时间间隔的和。其中，预设磁通范围根据牵引变压器的最大耐受励磁涌流确定。预设磁通范围优选为1.15～1.5。
为验证本申请的技术方案的正确性，给出采用本申请技术方案的最优无电时间间隔、随机时间间隔两种情况下列车牵引变压器的原边电流仿真波形分别如图5和图6所示，其中，图5为采用最优无电时间间隔的牵引变压器原边电流仿真波形示意图，图6为采用随机无电时间间隔的牵引变压器原边电流仿真波形示意图。从图5和图6中可以看出，可以 看出，采用最优化无电时间间隔投入第二电力电子开关可以完全抑制励磁涌流现象，而以随机无电时间间隔投入第二电力电子开关时则会出现严重的励磁涌流现象。
本实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，通过获取第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻，并根据第一相位角、第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；根据第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和无电时间间隔，确定第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便第二电力电子开关闭合时，使牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内，实现了在线获得最优的无电时间间隔，既保证了牵引变压器励磁涌流在可接受范围内，也使无电时间间隔尽可能短以降低列车在过分相区的速度损失。采用本申请的技术方案，能够提高电力电子过分相装置的安全性、运行可靠性。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的方法可以由单个设备执行，例如一台计算机或服务器等。本实施例的方法也可以应用于分布式场景下，由多台设备相互配合来完成。在这种分布式场景的情况下，这多台设备中的一台设备可以只执行本申请实施例的方法中的某一个或多个步骤，这多台设备相互之间会进行交互以完成的方法。
实施例二
图7为本申请的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的装置实施例的结构示意图，如图7所示，本实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的装置包括获取模块70、第一确定模块71和第二确定模块72。
获取模块70，用于获取第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的第一相位角、机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻；
第一确定模块71，用于根据第一相位角、第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；
在一实施方式中，第一确定模块71在确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔时，可以按照如下步骤实现：
S10、根据第一相位角、第二相位角和设定的预测无电时间间隔，确定第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻对应的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值；
在一实施方式中，将第一相位角、第二相位角和预测无电时间间隔代入预先构建的磁 通变化量标幺值计算式中，得到牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值。
本实施例中，磁通变化量标幺值计算式参考计算式(5)。磁通变化阈值为0.5。第一相位角的取值范围为[－π，+π]。
S20、若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值大于预设的磁通变化阈值，将预测无电时间间隔与预设迭代递增时长相加并对预测无电时间间隔进行更新后，返回步骤S10；
S30、若牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值小于或等于预设的磁通变化阈值，将预测无电时间间隔作为无电时间间隔。
第二确定模块72，用于根据第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和无电时间间隔，确定第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便第二电力电子开关闭合时，使牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内；
其中，预设磁通范围根据牵引变压器最大耐受励磁涌流确定。
需要说明的是，上述实施例的装置用于实现前述实施例中相应的方法，并且具有相应的方法实施例的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
实施例三
本申请还提供了一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备，该地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备包括存储器和处理器；
存储器上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
实施例四
本申请还提供了一种种地面过分相系统，该地面过分相系统包括采集设备、至少一个地面过分相装置和上述实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备；
每个地面过分相装置包括第一供电臂、第二供电臂、第一电力电子开关和第二电力电子开关；
采集设备用于采集第一供电臂电压、第二供电臂电压和牵引变压器原边电流；
地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备用于实现如上述实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
实施例五
为解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种存储介质。
本申请实施例提供的存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述实施例的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流方法的步骤。
可以理解的是，上述各实施例中相同或相似部分可以相互参考，在一些实施例中未详细说明的内容可以参见其他实施例中相同或相似的内容。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指至少两个。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本申请的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本申请的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
应当理解，本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
此外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块32中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
虽然本申请所公开的实施方式如上，但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本申请而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本申请。任何本申请所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本申请所公开的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本申请的保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，包括：
    获取第一相位角、第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻；所述第一相位角为第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的相位角，所述第二相位角为机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的相位角；
    根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；
    根据所述第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和所述无电时间间隔，确定所述第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便所述第二电力电子开关闭合时，使所述牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内；
    其中，所述预设磁通范围根据牵引变压器的最大耐受励磁涌流确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔，包括：
    S10、根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和设定的预测无电时间间隔，确定所述第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻对应的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值；
    S20、若所述牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值大于所述预设的磁通变化阈值，将所述预测无电时间间隔与预设迭代递增时长相加并对所述预测无电时间间隔进行更新后，返回步骤S10；
    S30、若所述牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值小于或等于所述预设的磁通变化阈值，将所述预测无电时间间隔作为所述无电时间间隔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和设定的预测无电时间间隔，确定所述第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻对应的牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值，包括：
    将所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和所述预测无电时间间隔代入预先构建的磁通变化量标幺值计算式中，得到所述牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，所述磁通变化量标幺值计算式为：
    Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-100001
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-100002
    或
    Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-100003
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-100004
    为所述牵引变压器的磁通变化量的标幺值，t 0为所述第一电力电子开关的断开时刻，α AB为所述第一相位角，t no为所述预测无电时间间隔，T s为供电网压基波周期，
    Figure PCTCN2020112786-appb-100005
    为所述第二相位角。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，所述磁通变化阈值为0.5。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法，其中，所述第一相位角的取值范围为[－π，+π]。
  7. 一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的装置，其中，包括：
    获取模块，用于获取第一相位角、第二相位角以及第一供电臂对应的第一电力电子开关的断开时刻；所述第一相位角为第二供电臂电压滞后的第一供电臂电压的相位角，所述第二相位角为机车在第一供电臂供电下牵引变压器原边电流滞后第一供电臂电压的相位角；
    第一确定模块，用于根据所述第一相位角、所述第二相位角和预设的磁通变化阈值，确定牵引变压器的无电时间间隔；
    第二确定模块，用于根据所述第一电力电子开关的断开时刻和所述无电时间间隔，确定所述第二供电臂对应的第二电力电子开关的闭合时刻，以便所述第二电力电子开关闭合时，使所述牵引变压器的磁通位于预设磁通范围内；
    其中，所述预设磁通范围根据牵引变压器最大耐受励磁涌流确定。
  8. 一种地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备，其中，存储器和处理器；
    所述存储器上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至6中任一项所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
  9. 一种地面过分相系统，其中，包括采集设备、至少一个地面过分相装置和权利要求8所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备；
    每个地面过分相装置包括第一供电臂、第二供电臂、第一电力电子开关和第二电力电子开关；
    所述采集设备用于采集第一供电臂电压、第二供电臂电压和牵引变压器原边电流；
    所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的设备用于根据所述采集设备采集的数据实现如权利要求1至6中任一项所述地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
  10. 一种存储介质，其中，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的地面过分相抑制牵引变压器励磁涌流的方法的步骤。
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