WO2021259070A1 - 用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021259070A1
WO2021259070A1 PCT/CN2021/099356 CN2021099356W WO2021259070A1 WO 2021259070 A1 WO2021259070 A1 WO 2021259070A1 CN 2021099356 W CN2021099356 W CN 2021099356W WO 2021259070 A1 WO2021259070 A1 WO 2021259070A1
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Prior art keywords
subsystem
luggage
radiation imaging
pulse
radioactive
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PCT/CN2021/099356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志强
张金宇
唐华平
赵崑
金鑫
李东茂
张彤
李科
靳增雪
王凯
张国强
朱卫涛
林伟智
丁辉
韩喜林
张静
Original Assignee
清华大学
同方威视技术股份有限公司
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Priority to EP21828334.9A priority Critical patent/EP4170328A4/en
Publication of WO2021259070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021259070A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G01V5/223—Mixed interrogation beams, e.g. using more than one type of radiation beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/26—Passive interrogation, i.e. by measuring radiation emitted by objects or goods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
    • G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
    • G01N2223/1013—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation gamma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
    • G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
    • G01N2223/1016—X-ray
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
    • G01N2223/106—Different kinds of radiation or particles neutrons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
    • G01N2223/33—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts
    • G01N2223/3308—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts object translates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/50—Detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/626—Specific applications or type of materials radioactive material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/643—Specific applications or type of materials object on conveyor

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of luggage or packaged article security inspection, and in particular, to a system and method capable of integrating radiation imaging and radioactive material monitoring.
  • Radioactive material monitoring technology has been widely used in customs, borders, nuclear power plants and other places to detect entrances and exits, to combat the illegal transfer and transportation of radioactive materials, and to prevent the risk of radioactive material proliferation.
  • the existing radioactive material monitoring technology mainly detects whether the radioactive material contains radioactive material by detecting the gamma rays or neutron rays emitted by the radioactive material.
  • X-ray imaging technology has a wide range of important applications in security inspection, medical diagnosis, industrial non-destructive testing and other fields.
  • application scenarios such as customs ports, civil aviation logistics, rail transit, etc., it is possible to efficiently detect hidden dangerous explosives, flammable and corrosive objects, or other various dangerous contrabands in items through visual images.
  • Radioactive material monitoring technology and X-ray imaging technology have more overlaps in application scenarios. At the entrance and exit inspection places such as customs and borders, due to inspection needs, there are not a few cases where radioactive material monitoring equipment and X-ray imaging equipment exist at the same time. However, due to the interference of the detection principles of the two technologies, the X-rays emitted in X-ray imaging will interfere with the monitoring of radioactive materials, and the two cannot be performed at the same time.
  • X-ray sources In the field of luggage or package security inspection imaging, low-energy X-ray sources based on hot cathodes are often used. This kind of X-ray source emits electrons by heating the filament, and bombards the anode target to generate X-rays under the action of an accelerating electric field. This traditional X-ray source needs a heating time from the filament heating to the emission of electrons to generate X-rays, usually hundreds of milliseconds, so that the generation of X-rays is not immediate. If an interruption occurs, it usually takes hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds. Work again. Based on the characteristic that this X-ray generation requires a certain delay, the X-ray source usually works continuously.
  • radioactive substance monitoring equipment and X-ray imaging equipment are usually placed separately, or placed next to each other after shielding, or limited integration in accelerator light source imaging technology. Separating the two types of equipment requires additional transition space, which will increase the number and time of item inspection and reduce the efficiency of item inspection. The two devices are placed next to each other after shielding. Although this problem is solved, the additional shielding structure brings additional space requirements, increases some costs, and limits the flexibility of the arrangement of radioactive material monitoring components. At the same time, the radioactive information of the detected object and the X-ray image information of the detected object are not organically integrated, so the detection efficiency of the object is limited.
  • accelerator light source imaging technology integrates accelerator light source imaging technology and radioactive material monitoring to a certain extent to realize radiation imaging inspection and radioactive material monitoring.
  • this method is limited by the application range of accelerator light sources and cannot be used in applications such as general baggage screening.
  • Accelerator X-ray sources usually produce high X-ray energy, often in the order of megaelectron volts. They are mostly used in the imaging of large cargo and vehicles, and are commonly used at customs, borders and other large cargo vehicle circulation gates. Because of its high X-ray energy, strong penetrating power, high safety protection requirements during normal work, the equipment is large in size and the overall area is large.
  • the inspection objects are luggage and packages
  • the X-ray energy requirements are in the order of kiloelectron volts.
  • the use scenario is the security inspection of luggage or parcels in customs, airports, subways, large-scale events and other sensitive places
  • the security protection requirements of the overall equipment are high, and the equipment needs to occupy a small area and facilitate deployment. That is to say, it is not suitable to use accelerator light source for radiation imaging in the field of luggage and package imaging inspection.
  • a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring of luggage or packaged items including: a radiation imaging subsystem configured to operate in a pulse mode to Radiation imaging of luggage or parcels; a radioactive substance monitoring subsystem configured to operate in a pulse mode to monitor whether the luggage or parcels contain radioactive substances; and a synchronization control subsystem, the synchronization control sub-system
  • the system communicates with both the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem, and is configured to control the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem includes: a radiation source configured to generate a radiation beam for irradiating luggage or parcels in a pulse mode; and a radiation imaging detector configured to The radiation emitted or generated by the luggage or packaged article under the irradiation of the radiation beam is detected to generate data for forming an image of the luggage or packaged article.
  • the radiation source is a low-energy X-ray source capable of controllable pulse emission, especially a fast-pulse low-energy X-ray source capable of quickly switching pulse emission between tens of microseconds to tens of milliseconds.
  • the ray source includes an X-ray source that pulses cathode electrons, such as an X-ray source based on a carbon nanotube cathode, a hot cathode X-ray source with a gated gate, and the like.
  • the ray source may also include a pulsed X-ray source with a single target and a pulsed distributed X-ray source with multiple targets.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem includes a radioactive monitoring detector configured to operate in a pulse mode to monitor radioactive rays emitted by the luggage or packaged items.
  • the radioactivity monitoring detector includes at least one of a gamma ray detector and a neutron detector.
  • the synchronization control subsystem is configured to control the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to alternately operate in real time through a variable and adjustable pulse control signal.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem is configured to operate according to the first pulse control signal to perform radiation imaging of luggage or packaged items
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem is configured to operate according to the second pulse control signal to monitor the luggage Or whether the package contains radioactive materials, the first pulse control signal and the second pulse control signal include rectangular waves.
  • the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of first pulses
  • the second pulse control signal includes a second pulse
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem is configured to operate during the second pulse to monitor the luggage or packaged items
  • each of some or all of the second pulses is located between two adjacent first pulses in time, and the distance between the adjacent first pulses is greater than or equal to that of the second pulse Pulse Width.
  • the fusion system further includes a transmission subsystem configured to transfer luggage or packaged items through the detection area, and output to at least the synchronization control subsystem indicating the time when the luggage or packaged items enter and leave the detection area
  • the synchronization control subsystem is further configured to control the operation of the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem based on the transmission signal.
  • the aforementioned radiation imaging subsystem and radioactive substance monitoring subsystem can be quickly switched in a short time of tens of microseconds to tens of milliseconds through fast pulses, so that the transmission subsystem can be transmitted at a constant speed or continuously (without pauses). Or wait)
  • the X-ray fluoroscopic imaging information and the radioactive ray intensity information of the tested object are quickly alternately acquired.
  • the fusion system further includes an information fusion subsystem, which communicates with the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imaging subsystem to fuse the radiological information of luggage or parcels obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem In the image of luggage or packaged items obtained by the radiation imaging subsystem.
  • a method for performing radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring on luggage or packaged items including: operating a radiation imaging subsystem in a pulse mode to perform radiological imaging on luggage or packaged items. Radiation imaging; operating the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem in a pulse mode to monitor whether the baggage or package contains radioactive substances; and the synchronization control subsystem controls the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately.
  • "making the radiation imaging subsystem operate in a pulsed mode to perform radiation imaging of luggage or packaged items” includes: a low-energy X-ray source capable of controllable pulse emission generates a radiation beam in a pulsed mode to irradiate Baggage or packaged items; and the radiation emitted or generated by the baggage or packaged items under the irradiation of the radiation beam detected by a radiation imaging detector to generate data for forming an image of the luggage or packaged items.
  • "operating the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem in a pulse mode to monitor whether the luggage or package contains radioactive substances" includes: operating the radioactivity monitoring detector in a pulse mode to monitor the delivery of the luggage or package Radioactive rays.
  • At least one of gamma rays and neutron rays emitted by the luggage or package items is monitored by a radioactivity monitoring detector.
  • the synchronous control subsystem controls the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately in real time through variable and adjustable pulse control signals.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem is controlled to operate according to the first pulse control signal to perform radiation imaging on luggage or packaged items
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem is controlled to operate according to the second pulse control signal to monitor whether the luggage or packaged items are Containing radioactive materials
  • the first pulse control signal and the second pulse control signal include rectangular waves.
  • the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of first pulses
  • the second pulse control signal includes a second pulse
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem operates during the second pulse to monitor the radioactivity emitted by the luggage or package.
  • each of some or all of the second pulses is located between two adjacent first pulses in time, and the distance between the adjacent first pulses is greater than or equal to the pulse width of the second pulse.
  • the method further includes: transmitting the luggage or parcel items through the detection area by the transmission subsystem, and outputting to the synchronization control subsystem at least the time that the luggage or parcel items enter and leave the detection area and the time of the luggage or parcel items Transmission speed transmission signal; the synchronization control subsystem controls the operation of the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem based on the transmission signal.
  • the method further includes: fusing the radioactive information of the luggage or packaged article obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem into the image of the luggage or packaged article obtained by the radiation imaging subsystem.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a side view showing the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a side view showing the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a timing diagram showing the working mode of the fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram showing the working mode of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a timing diagram showing a working mode of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an example of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the arrangement of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fusion system is for example deployed in customs, airports, subways, stations, public places, etc., to Carry out security checks on luggage or parcels carried by personnel or delivered by express.
  • the fusion system includes a radiation imaging subsystem 10, a radioactive substance monitoring subsystem 20, and a synchronization control subsystem 30.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem 10 can operate in a pulsed mode or a discontinuous mode (for example, start or run intermittently) to perform radiation imaging of luggage or packaged items, such as low-energy radiation imaging, for example, may include an X-ray imaging system.
  • low-energy or “low-energy radiation imaging” described herein is relative to high-energy radiation sources such as accelerator sources, and is suitable for radiological imaging of luggage or parcels at these locations, such as those involving X Radiation imaging with ray energy on the order of kiloelectron volts (kev).
  • the radioactive substance monitoring sub-system 20 can also work in a pulse mode or a discontinuous mode to monitor whether luggage or packages contain radioactive substances.
  • the synchronization control subsystem 30 communicates with the radiation imaging subsystem 10 and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem 20, and controls the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately to perform radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring on the same luggage or package. , Improve detection efficiency. Therefore, the radiation imaging operation will not affect or interfere with the radioactive substance monitoring operation, and the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem can be arranged adjacent to each other or compactly, without additional shielding structure between them, which reduces costs and improves Flexibility in the layout of system components.
  • the synchronization control subsystem is used to coordinate (for example, in time sequence) the operations of the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to ensure that the operations of the two do not interfere with each other.
  • the synchronization control subsystem can be implemented by various suitable hardware/software, including various controllers, control modules or application programs, which are, for example, integrated in the inspection console, combined with the radiation imaging subsystem and/or radioactive substances
  • the control mechanism of the monitoring subsystem may be set separately, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem includes at least a radiation source and a radiation imaging detector, the radiation source generates a radiation beam for irradiating luggage or parcels in a pulse mode or an intermittent mode, and the radiation imaging detector detects luggage or
  • the packaged article emits or generates (for example, scattered, reflected or transmitted) rays under the irradiation of a radiation beam to generate data, such as electrical signals, used to form an image of the luggage or packaged article.
  • the radiation source includes a low-energy X-ray source capable of controllable pulse emission, especially a fast-pulse low-energy X-ray source that can quickly switch pulse emission between tens of microseconds to tens of milliseconds.
  • the ray source includes an X-ray source that pulses cathode electrons.
  • the radiation source may be an X-ray source based on a carbon nanotube cathode, or a hot cathode X-ray source with a gated gate, or any X-ray source capable of working in pulsed mode.
  • Other suitable radiation sources For example, take an X-ray source based on a carbon nanotube cathode as an example. Under the action of high voltage, pulsed X-rays can be obtained by controlling the carbon nanotube cathode to pulse or intermittently emit electrons to bombard the anode target.
  • electrons can be emitted instantaneously after a suitable field emission electric field is applied, for example, less than microseconds. After the field emission electric field is removed, electron emission can also be stopped immediately. This feature of instantaneous emission and stopping of electrons enables the X-ray source to generate or stop X-rays in an orderly manner according to the control pulse under the action of, for example, the control pulse of the control component.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem includes at least a radioactive monitoring detector, which can operate in a pulse mode to monitor radioactive rays emitted from the luggage or packaged article itself or the radioactive substances contained therein.
  • radioactivity monitoring detectors may include gamma ray detectors, neutron detectors, or both.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 respectively schematically show the arrangement of components of a security inspection system that simultaneously integrates radiation imaging and radioactive material monitoring according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein a radiation source capable of generating X-rays in a pulse mode is used as Examples are explained.
  • the security inspection system includes an X-ray source 101, a radioactive substance monitoring component 102, an X-ray imaging detector 103 and a transmission device 104.
  • the conveying device 104 is, for example, a conveyor belt, which is used to transport luggage or parcels 105 through the detection area of the security inspection system, as indicated by the arrow in the figure; while the luggage or parcels 105 pass through the detection area, the radioactive substance monitoring component 102 detects the luggage or parcels
  • the X-ray imaging detector 103 is arranged opposite to the X-ray source 101 to ensure that the effective X-ray scanning range can completely cover the detection area and can receive the rays emitted (such as reflected, scattered or transmitted) from luggage or packages. .
  • the radioactive substance monitoring and X-ray imaging of luggage or parcels can be realized in the pulse working mode when the object passes through the detection area.
  • the respective operations of the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the X-ray imaging subsystem are performed alternately without interference with each other, so that there is no restriction on the arrangement of the radioactive substance monitoring component and the X-ray imaging component.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring component is, for example, a radioactive substance detector, which can be placed adjacent to the X-ray imaging component (such as the X-ray source 101) without isolation or shielding, or can be placed in the same cross section.
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of components of a security inspection system that simultaneously integrates radiation imaging and radioactive material monitoring according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a single target X-ray source 201 is used in a pulse mode at a fixed angle or at a fixed angle X-rays are emitted and scanned within an angular range to irradiate luggage or parcels 205 conveyed through the inspection area by the conveyor 204.
  • the X-ray imaging detector 203 is arranged substantially opposite to the X-ray source 201 along the X-ray emission direction, for example, A detector array with an L-shaped cross-section is used to receive radiation from the luggage or packaged article 205 to generate imaging data for forming a radiation image of the luggage or packaged article 205; the radioactive substance monitoring component 202 (for example, it is a radioactive substance detector) It may be arranged adjacent to the X-ray source 201, for example in the same cross-section, in a pulse mode, for example, start or run before or after the X-ray source 201 emits X-rays to detect the radioactivity information of the luggage or parcels 205.
  • a pulse mode for example, start or run before or after the X-ray source 201 emits X-rays to detect the radioactivity information of the luggage or parcels 205.
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of components of a security inspection system that simultaneously integrates radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a multipoint X-ray source 301 is adopted.
  • the multipoint X-ray source 301 is a distributed X-ray source with multiple targets 306, which can generate X-rays from multiple locations to irradiate or scan the luggage or parcels 305 transported by the conveyor 304 through the detection area, each The timing of X-ray generation at the target point can be flexibly controlled.
  • the arrangement of the target points of the X-ray source can be a straight line segment as shown in FIG. 4, or a broken line segment, an arc line segment, or a combination thereof.
  • the arrangement of the target points of the X-ray source is arranged according to the direction that surrounds the object to be inspected (or surrounds a certain angle range).
  • the X-ray imaging detector 303 is arranged substantially opposite to the X-ray source 301 along the emission direction of X-rays, for example, includes a detector array with an L-shaped cross-section, for receiving rays from luggage or parcels 305, and generating for forming luggage Or imaging data of the radiation image of the packaged article 305; the radioactive substance monitoring component 302 can be arranged adjacent to the X-ray source 301, for example in the same cross section, in a pulse mode, for example, activated before or after the X-ray source 301 emits X-rays Or run to detect the radioactive information of luggage or parcels 305.
  • the use of a multi-point X-ray source structure allows the radiographic imaging subsystem to obtain multi-view images or three-dimensional images of luggage or parcels.
  • the synchronization control subsystem serves as a bridge for the coordination of the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imaging subsystem, and organically coordinates the work of the two.
  • the synchronization control subsystem can control the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately in real time through variable and adjustable pulse control signals.
  • Figures 5-7 schematically show working modes of a fusion system for radiation imaging and radioactive material monitoring according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the fusion system or synchronization subsystem can receive the trigger signal S1, which can indicate the time when the luggage or package items enter and leave the detection area, so as to activate the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imager.
  • the system works in an orderly manner.
  • the trigger signal can be provided by a signal input and output control component.
  • a sensor or trigger mechanism can be arranged along the path of conveying luggage or parcels to sense the moments when the luggage or parcels enter and leave the detection area; as an alternative or supplement, according to the transmission
  • the conveying operation of the device gives information about the movement of the object and generates a trigger signal.
  • the fusion system also includes a transmission subsystem for transporting luggage or packaged items through the detection area, which includes the above-mentioned conveying device, for example; the transmission subsystem can output to the synchronization control subsystem to indicate luggage or packaged items entering and leaving detection
  • the transmission signal of the time of the area and/or the transmission speed of the luggage or parcels, so that the synchronization control sub-system can control the operation of the radiation imaging sub-system and the radioactive substance monitoring sub-system based on the transmission signal.
  • Both the radiation imaging subsystem and the radiation monitoring subsystem work in pulse mode under the deployment of the synchronization control subsystem.
  • the working pulse has clear time information. Combined with the movement information of the detected object provided by the transmission subsystem, the detected object can be clearly obtained Radioactivity information corresponding to a certain location or part of the
  • the transmission subsystem may include a transmission device (such as a conveyor belt or a belt transmission component), a transmission sensor component, and a transmission information output component.
  • the conveying device includes motors, belts, linkage components, etc., which carry the inspected objects through the inspection area.
  • the transmission sensor component may include a speed sensor, a photoelectric gate control sensor, etc., which are used to monitor the working status of the transmission subsystem and provide signals for objects entering and leaving the detection area.
  • the transmission information output component outputs to the synchronous control subsystem the signal that the inspected object enters and leaves the inspection area, and the movement speed of the inspected object.
  • the low level of the S1 signal in the figure indicates that the baggage or package item has not entered or has not been detected to enter the detection area
  • the rising edge indicates that the baggage or package item has begun to enter or will be detected to enter the detection area
  • the high level indicates that the baggage has entered or will be detected to enter the detection area.
  • the parcels are transported through the inspection area
  • the falling edge indicates that the luggage or parcels leave the inspection area or are detected to leave the inspection area.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem can operate according to the first pulse control signal S2 to perform radiation imaging on luggage or packaged items
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem can operate according to the second pulse control signal S3 to monitor luggage or Whether the package contains radioactive materials.
  • the first pulse control signal or the second pulse control signal may include a rectangular wave (square wave).
  • the first pulse control signal and the second pulse control signal each include a plurality of pulses, and each pulse represents the operation of a corresponding radiation imaging subsystem and a radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to perform a corresponding detection operation.
  • the first pulse control signal S2 includes a plurality of first pulses S21, which indicates that the radiation imaging subsystem (for example, its radiation source and detector) operates during this period to radiate luggage or package items passing through the detection area Imaging operation;
  • the second pulse control signal S3 includes a second pulse S31, and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem operates during the second pulse S31 to monitor radioactive rays emitted by luggage or parcels.
  • the first pulse S21 and the second pulse S31 alternate in time sequence to ensure that the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem are deployed in accordance with the synchronization control system and work alternately according to the given pulse signal without mutual interference. interference.
  • the second pulse S31 appears after the first pulse S21, which means that after the radiation imaging operation, the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem detects the radioactive rays emitted by luggage or parcels; in the implementation of FIG. 6
  • the second pulse appears before the first pulse, which means that the radioactive substance monitoring is performed first, and then the radiation imaging operation is performed, which can further avoid the interference or influence of the radioactive imaging on the radioactive substance monitoring.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem can measure the environmental background radioactivity data (during the pulse S30).
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem can measure the environmental background radioactivity data each time before detecting radioactive rays of luggage or packaged items.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem are deployed in accordance with the synchronization control subsystem and work alternately according to the given pulse signal.
  • each pulse width and pulse frequency of each pulse can be adjusted as required.
  • each of some or all of the second pulses is located between two adjacent first pulses in time, and the distance between adjacent first pulses is greater than or Equal to the pulse width of the second pulse.
  • the fusion system may further include an information fusion subsystem, which communicates with the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imaging subsystem to fuse the radioactive information of luggage or parcels obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem in the radiological imaging
  • an information fusion subsystem which communicates with the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imaging subsystem to fuse the radioactive information of luggage or parcels obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem in the radiological imaging
  • the position of the radioactive materials on the luggage or parcels can be determined accurately and more intuitively, or the fusion image of the distribution of the radioactive substances contained in the luggage or parcels can be obtained.
  • the information fusion subsystem can also be implemented by various suitable hardware/software; the information fusion subsystem and the synchronization control subsystem can also be set separately or located in the same control system or controller In, for example, different modules in the same control system or controller.
  • the information fusion subsystem may include an image fusion component and an alarm information component.
  • the image fusion component merges the image or radiation data of the inspected object obtained by the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive information data of the inspected object output by the radiological information output component in the image domain to obtain the image of the inspected object with radioactive information information.
  • the alarm information component can determine whether the seized object contains dangerous and prohibited items based on the obtained image or radiation data of the seized object, and at the same time, determine whether the seized object contains radioactive substances based on the radioactive information of the seized object output by the radioactive information output component. Based on the above judgment information, make an appropriate alarm display and action.
  • Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of a security inspection system fusing radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to a specific example of the present disclosure.
  • the security inspection system includes a radiation imaging subsystem 10, a radioactive substance monitoring subsystem 20, and a synchronization control subsystem 30 and an information fusion subsystem that communicate with both the radiation imaging subsystem 10 and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem 20.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem 10 includes a radiation source 11, a radiation imaging detector 12, a radiation imaging control component 13, and an imaging output component 14.
  • the radiation imaging control component 13 controls the radiation source 11 and the radiation imaging detector 12 to operate in pulse mode to obtain luggage or
  • the imaging output component 14 can output the radiation imaging data signal of the luggage or the packaged article, such as a radiation image.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem 20 includes a radioactive substance detector 21, a radioactive substance monitoring control component 23, and a radioactive information output component 24.
  • the synchronization control sub-system 30 can control the radiation imaging sub-system 10 and the radioactive substance monitoring sub-system 20 to operate in pulse mode through the radiation imaging control component 13 and the radioactive substance monitoring control component 23, respectively, for example, to the radiation imaging control component 13 and radioactive substance monitoring control The component 23 provides pulse signals.
  • the information fusion subsystem 40 obtains the output information of the imaging output component 14 and the radiological information output component 24, and fuses the radioactive information of the luggage or parcels obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem with the radiation of the luggage or parcels obtained by the radiation imaging subsystem In the image.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also relates to a method for radiation imaging and radioactive material monitoring using the aforementioned fusion system, which includes the following steps:
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem is operated in a pulse mode to monitor whether the luggage or package items contain radioactive substances, wherein the synchronization control subsystem controls the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately.
  • a radiation source (such as a low-energy X-ray source capable of controlling pulse emission) can generate a radiation beam in a pulse mode to irradiate the luggage or parcels, and at the same time, a radiation imaging detector Detect the radiation emitted or generated by the luggage or packaged items under the irradiation of the radiation beam, thereby generating data used to form a radiation image of the luggage or packaged items.
  • the radioactivity monitoring detector can be operated in pulse mode to monitor the radioactive rays emitted by the luggage or parcels, such as gamma rays or neutron rays.
  • the synchronization control subsystem can control the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem to operate alternately in real time through variable and adjustable pulse control signals.
  • the radiation imaging subsystem is controlled to operate according to the first pulse control signal to perform radiation imaging on luggage or packaged items
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem is controlled to operate according to the second pulse control signal to monitor whether the luggage or packaged items contain radioactivity.
  • the first pulse control signal or the second pulse control signal includes, for example, a rectangular wave.
  • the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of first pulses, and the radiation imaging subsystem operates during each first pulse; the second pulse control signal includes one or more first pulses that are time-staggered from the first pulses.
  • the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem runs during each second pulse to monitor the radioactive rays emitted by luggage or parcels.
  • each of some or all of the second pulses is located between two adjacent first pulses in time sequence, and the distance between the adjacent first pulses is greater than or equal to the pulse width of the second pulse.
  • the transmission subsystem can also transmit luggage or parcels through the detection area, and output to the synchronization control subsystem at least the transmission indicating the time when the luggage or parcels enter and leave the detection area and the transmission speed of the luggage or parcels.
  • the synchronization control subsystem controls the operation of the radiation imaging subsystem and the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem based on the transmission signal.
  • the method further includes fusing the radioactive information of the luggage or packaged items obtained by the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem into the image of the luggage or packaged items obtained by the radiation imaging subsystem.
  • FIG. 9 shows the flow of a method of fusion radiation imaging and radioactive substance monitoring according to a specific example of the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, the method includes the following steps:
  • the radioactivity monitoring subsystem measures environmental background radioactivity data
  • S04 Output radiation images and radioactivity monitoring information of luggage or parcels
  • S05 The baggage or package item leaves the inspection area and the inspection ends.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the radioactive substance monitoring subsystem and the radiation imaging subsystem that can work in pulse mode, and under the control of the synchronous control subsystem, it can realize the coordinated work of imaging and radioactive substance monitoring, and save the equipment area. Space, reduce the cost caused by additional shielding, reduce the number of items in circulation and transportation, reduce the number of item inspections, reduce the time of item inspection, and increase the speed of item inspection. At the same time, the fusion of the radiation image of the detected object and the radioactivity monitoring data is realized, so that the image information and the radioactivity information are displayed more intuitively, which can intuitively guide the further detection of suspicious objects, and can significantly improve the detection efficiency of the objects.
  • the illustrative embodiments are described with reference to actions and symbolic representations of operations (for example, in the form of flowcharts).
  • the operations may be executed as program modules or functional processes, and the program modules or functional processes include Systems, programs, programming, objects, components, data structures, etc., and perform specific tasks or perform specific abstract data types and can be executed using existing hardware.
  • These existing hardware may include one or more central processing units (CPU), digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and so on.
  • CPU central processing units
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • the illustrative embodiments are described above with reference to actions and symbolic representations of operations or steps (for example, in the form of flowcharts).
  • the operations or steps can be executed as program modules or functional processes, and the program modules or functional processes include programs. , Programming, objects, components, data structures, etc., and perform specific tasks or perform specific abstract data types and can be executed using existing hardware.
  • the present disclosure includes devices related to performing one or more of the methods, steps, operations, or functions of the modules described in the present application. These devices may be specially designed and manufactured for the required purpose, or may also include known devices in general-purpose computers. These devices have computer programs stored in them that are selectively activated or reconfigured. Such a computer program may be stored in a device (for example, computer) readable medium or in any type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions and respectively coupled to a bus.
  • the computer readable medium includes, but is not limited to, any Type of disk (including floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM, CD-ROM, and magneto-optical disk), ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash memory, magnetic card or optical card. That is, the readable medium includes any medium that stores or transmits information in a readable form by a device (for example, a computer).
  • a device for example, a computer.

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Abstract

一种用于对行李或包裹物品(105,205,305)进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统和方法。融合系统包括：辐射成像子系统(10)，辐射成像子系统(10)被配置成以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品(105,205,305)进行辐射成像；放射性物质监测子系统(20)，放射性物质监测子系统(20)被配置成以脉冲模式运行以监测行李或包裹物品(105,205,305)是否含有放射性物质；和同步控制子系统(30)，同步控制子系统(30)与辐射成像子系统(10)和放射性物质监测子系统(20)二者通信，并被配置成控制辐射成像子系统(10)和放射性物质监测子系统(20)交替地运行。

Description

用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开实施例要求于2020年06月23日递交中国专利局的、申请号为202010578035.9的中国专利申请的权益，该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开的实施例一般地涉及行李或包裹物品安全检查领域，尤其涉及能够集成辐射成像和放射性物质监测的系统和方法。
背景技术
放射性物质监测技术已经广泛的应用于海关、边境、核电站等场所的出入口检测，打击放射性物质的非法转移、运输，防范放射性物质扩散风险。现有的放射性物质监测技术，主要通过探测放射性物质发射出的伽马射线或中子射线，来鉴别是否含有放射性物质。
X射线成像技术在安全检查、医疗诊断、工业无损检测等领域有着广泛、重要的应用。在海关口岸、民航物流、轨道交通等应用场景，能够通过可视化图像高效率地检测出物品中隐藏的危险爆炸物、易燃易腐蚀物品或其他各类危险违禁品。
放射性物质监测技术与X射线成像技术在应用场景有较多的重合部分。在海关、边境等出入口检测处，由于检测的需要，同时存在放射性物质监测设备和X射线成像设备的情况不在少数。然而受限于两种技术的探测原理的干扰，X射线成像中发出的X射线会干扰放射性物质监测，二者无法同时进行。
在行李或包裹安检成像领域，常使用基于热阴极的低能X射线源。该种X射线源通过将灯丝加热放出电子，在加速电场的作用下轰击阳极靶产生X射线。这种传统X射线源从灯丝加热到放出电子产生X射线，需要有一段加热时间，通常为数百毫秒，使得X射线的产生不是立即的，若出现中断通常需要数百毫秒到数秒时间的才能再次工作。基于这种X射线产生需要有一定延时的特性，X射线源通常连续工作。常用的低能X射线成像设备需要持续产生X射线，不可避免的对放射性物质监测设备产生射线干扰，让放射性监测设备无法有效区分放射性信息是来自被检测物体还是来自X射线成像装置。
传统上，通常将放射性物质监测设备与X射线成像设备分别放置，或添加屏蔽后相邻放置，或在加速器光源成像技术中做有限的融合。将两种设备分开放置，需要增加额外的过渡空间，会增加物品检测的次数和时间，降低物品检测效率。将两种设备添加屏蔽后相邻放置，虽然解决了该问题，但是额外的屏蔽结构带来了额外的空间需求，增加了部分成本，对放射性物质监测部件的排布灵活性有较大的限制，同时被测物体的放射性信息和被测物体的X射线图像信息没有做有机的整合，这样对物品的检测效率提升有限。
一些常规方式将加速器光源成像技术与放射性物质监测进行一定的融合，用于实现辐射成像检查和放射性物质监测。但是，这种方式受限于加速器光源应用范围，无法在普通行李安检等应用中使用。加速器X射线源通常产生的X射线能量较高，常在兆电子伏特量级，多应用于大件货物及车辆成像领域，常见于海关、边境等大件货车辆流通关口。由于其X射线能量高，穿透力强，正常工作时安全防护要求高，设备的体积较大，整体占地面积大。在行李或包裹成像检查领域，考虑到检查对象为行李、包裹，对X射线能量要求在千电子伏特量级。同时考虑到使用场景为海关、机场、地铁、大型活动及其他敏感场所的行李或包裹物品安全检查，对整体设备的安全防护要求高，需要设备占地面积小，方便部署。即在行李、包裹成像检查领域不适合使用加速器光源进行辐射成像。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的上述和其它问题和缺陷中的至少一种，提出了本公开。
根据本公开的一个方面，提出了一种用于对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统，包括：辐射成像子系统，该辐射成像子系统被配置成以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像；放射性物质监测子系统，该放射性物质监测子系统被配置成以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质；和同步控制子系统，该同步控制子系统与辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统二者通信，并被配置成控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
在一些实施例中，辐射成像子系统包括：辐射源，该辐射源被配置成以脉冲模式产生用于照射行李或包裹物品的辐射束；和辐射成像探测器，该辐射成像探测器被配置成检测行李或包裹物品在所述辐射束的照射下发出或产生的射线，以产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的图像的数据。
在一些实施例中，辐射源为能够进行可控的脉冲发射的低能X射线源，特别是可实现在几十微秒-几十毫秒之间快速切换脉冲发射的快脉冲低能X射线源。所述射线源包括脉冲产生阴极电子的X射线源，例如基于碳纳米管阴极的X射线源、具有栅控门的热阴极X射线源等。所述射线源还可以包括单一靶点的脉冲X射线源和多靶点的脉冲分布式X射线源。
在一些实施例中，所述放射性物质监测子系统包括放射性监测探测器，该放射性监测探测器被配置成以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。
在一些实施例中，放射性监测探测器包括伽马射线探测器和中子探测器中的至少一个。
在一些实施例中，同步控制子系统被配置成通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
在一些实施例中，辐射成像子系统被配置成根据第一脉冲控制信号运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，放射性物质监测子系统被配置成根据第二脉冲控制信号运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，第一脉冲控制信号和第二脉冲控制信号包括矩形波。
在一些实施例中，第一脉冲控制信号包括多个第一脉冲，第二脉冲控制信号包括第二脉冲，放射性物质监测子系统被配置成在第二脉冲期间运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线，一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时间上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，且相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于所述第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
在一些实施例中，融合系统还包括传动子系统，该传动子系统被配置成传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，并至少向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间以及行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号，同步控制子系统进一步被配置成基于所述传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。例如，前述辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统可以通过快速脉冲在几十微秒-几十毫秒的短时间内快速切换，从而可以实现在传动子系统的匀速或连续传输过程中(无需停顿或等待)对受检测对象快速交替获取X射线透视成像信息和受检测对象的放射性射线强度信息。
在一些实施例中，融合系统还包括信息融合子系统，该信息融合子系统与放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统通信，以将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中。
根据本公开的另一方面的实施例，提供了一种用于对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的方法，包括：使辐射成像子系统以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像；使放射性物质监测子系统以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质；和由同步控制子系统控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
在一些实施例中，“使辐射成像子系统成以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像”包括：由能够进行可控的脉冲发射的低能X射线源以脉冲模式产生辐射束以照射行李或包裹物品；和由辐射成像探测器检测行李或包裹物品在所述辐射束的照射下发出或产生的射线，以产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的图像的数据。
在一些实施例中，“使放射性物质监测子系统以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质”包括：使放射性监测探测器以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。
在一些实施例中，由放射性监测探测器监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的伽马射线和中子射线中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，由同步控制子系统通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
在一些实施例中，控制辐射成像子系统根据第一脉冲控制信号运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，控制放射性物质监测子系统根据第二脉冲控制信号运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，第一脉冲控制信号和第二脉冲控制信号包括矩形波。
在一些实施例中，第一脉冲控制信号包括多个第一脉冲，第二脉冲控制信号包括第二脉冲，放射性物质监测子系统在第二脉冲期间运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线，一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时间上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，且相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于所述第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：由传动子系统传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，并至少向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间以及行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号；由同步控制子系统基于所述传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中。
通过下文中参照附图对本公开所作的详细描述，本公开的其它目的和优点将显而易见，并可帮助对本公开有全面的理解。
附图说明
通过参考附图能够更加清楚地理解本公开的特征和优点，附图是示意性的而不应理解为对本公开进行任何限制，在附图中：
图1为示出根据本公开示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置的框图；
图2为示出根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置的侧视图；
图3为示出根据本公开的另一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置的侧视图；
图4为示出根据本公开的又一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置的侧视图；
图5为示出根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的工作模式的时序图；
图6为示出根据本公开的另一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的工作模式的时序图；
图7为示出根据本公开的又一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的工作模式的时序图；
图8为示出根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置的框图；
图9为示出根据本公开的一个示例的进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的 所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
另外，在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释,阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开内容的实施例的全面理解。然而明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。在其他情况下,公知的结构和装置以图示的方式体现以简化附图。
图1示意性地示出根据本公开示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的布置，该融合系统例如部署在海关、机场、地铁、车站、公共场所等地点，以对人员携带的或快递运输的行李或包裹物品进行安全检查。该融合系统包括辐射成像子系统10、放射性物质监测子系统20和同步控制子系统30。辐射成像子系统10可以以脉冲模式或非连续模式工作(例如，间歇地启动或运行)，以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，如低能辐射成像，例如可以包括X射线成像系统。将会理解，本文中所述的“低能”或“低能辐射成像”是相对于加速器源这类高能辐射源而言的，适于在上述这些地点对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，例如涉及X射线能量在千电子伏特(kev)量级的辐射成像。
放射性物质监测子系统20也可以以脉冲模式或非连续模式工作，以监测行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质。同步控制子系统30与辐射成像子系统10和放射性物质监测子系统20通信，并控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行，以对同一行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测，提高检测效率。由此，辐射成像操作不会影响或干扰放射性物质监测操作，辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统可以彼此邻近地或紧凑地布置，无需在其间设置额外的屏蔽结构，降低了成本，提高了系统部件布置的灵活性。
在本公开的实施例中，同步控制子系统用于协调(例如，在时序上)辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统二者的操作，确保二者的运行不会彼此干扰。示例性地，同步控制子系统可以由各种合适的硬件/软件实现，包括多种控制器、控制模块或应用程序，其例如集成在检查操作台中、结合在辐射成像子系统和/或放射性物质监测子系统的控制机构中，或被单独设置，本公开对此不做特别限定。
根据本公开的示例性实施例，辐射成像子系统至少包括辐射源和辐射成像探测器，辐射源以脉冲模式或间歇模式产生用于照射行李或包裹物品的辐射束，辐射成像探测器检测行李或包裹物品在辐射束的照射下发出或产生(例如散射、反射或透射)的射线，以产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的图像的数据，如电信号。辐射源包括能够进行可控 的脉冲发射的低能X射线源，特别是可实现在几十微秒-几十毫秒之间快速切换脉冲发射的快脉冲低能X射线源。射线源包括脉冲产生阴极电子的X射线源，作为示例，辐射源可以是基于碳纳米管阴极的X射线源，或具有栅控门的热阴极X射线源，或能够在脉冲模式下工作的任何其他合适的射线源。例如，以基于碳纳米管阴极的X射线源为例说明。在高压作用下，通过控制碳纳米管阴极脉冲式或间歇地发射电子轰击阳极靶，可以得到脉冲式的X射线。得益于碳纳米管阴极的场致电子发射特性，在施加合适的场致发射电场后，能瞬间发射出电子，时间例如小于微秒，撤去场致发射电场后，也能立即停止发射电子。这种电子能瞬时发射、停止的特性，使得X射线源能够在例如控制组件的控制脉冲的作用下，按照控制脉冲有序地产生或停止X射线。
在本公开的实施例中，放射性物质监测子系统至少包括放射性监测探测器，其能够以脉冲模式运行以监测从行李或包裹物品本身或其包含的放射性物质发出的放射性射线。例如，放射性监测探测器可以包括伽马射线探测器、中子探测器、或二者。
图2至图4分别示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的同时融合辐射成像和放射性物质监测的安检系统的部件的布置，其中以能够以脉冲模式产生X射线的辐射源为例进行说明。在图2的实施例中，该安检系统包括X射线源101、放射性物质监测部件102、X射线成像探测器103和传送装置104。传送装置104例如为传送带，用于输送行李或包裹物品105通过安检系统的检测区域，如图中箭头指示；在行李或包裹物品105通过检测区域的过程中，放射性物质监测部件102检测行李或包裹物品105的放射性信息，而X射线源101发出X射线对行李或包裹物品照射或扫描，X射线成像探测器103检测行李或包裹物品105在X射线的照射下发出或产生的射线，该射线例如是行李或包裹物品105反射、散射或透射的射线，从而可以获得X射线成像数据。示例性地，X射线成像探测器103与X射线源101相对排布，确保有效的X射线扫描范围能够完全覆盖检测区域并能够接收从行李或包裹物品发出(如反射、散射或透射)的射线。
通过同步控制子系统的调控，在物体通过检测区域的过程中，在脉冲工作模式下，实现对行李或包裹物品的放射性物质监测和X射线成像。在同步控制子系统的调控下，放射性物质监测子系统与X射线成像子系统各自的操作交替进行，相互之间无干扰，使得放射性物质监测部件与X射线成像部件排布没有限制。放射性物质监测部件例如是放射性物质探测器，可以与X射线成像部件(如X射线源101)相邻放置而无须隔离或屏蔽，也可以布置在同一个横截面。
图3示出了根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的同时融合辐射成像和放射性物质监测的安检系统的部件的布置，其中采用单靶点X射线源201以脉冲模式以一固定角度或以一角度范围发射和扫描X射线，照射被传送装置204输送通过检测区域的行李或包裹物品205，X射线成像探测器203沿X射线的发射方向与X射线源201大致相对地布置，例如包括具有L形截面的探测器阵列，用于接收来自行李或包裹物品205的射线，产生用于形成行李或包裹物品205的辐射图像的成像数据；放射性物质监测部件202(其例如为放射性物质探测器)可以与X射线源201相邻地布置，例如位于同一横截面，以脉冲模式，例如在X射线源201发射X射线之前或之后启动或运行，检测行李或包裹物品205的放射性信息。
图4示出了根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的同时融合辐射成像和放射性物质监测的安检系统的部件的布置，其中采用多点X射线源301。多点X射线源301为具有多个靶点306的分布式X射线源，可以从多个位置产生X射线，以照射或扫描被传送装置304输送通过检测区域的行李或包裹物品305，每个靶点产生X射线的时序可以灵活控制。X射线源的靶点的排列可以是如图4所示的直线段，也可以是折线段、弧线段或者其组合等。X射线源的靶点的排列是按照对被检测物品形成围绕(或者一定角度范围的围绕)的方向进行布置。X射线成像探测器303沿X射线的发射方向与X射线源301大致相对地布置，例如包括具有L形截面的探测器阵列，用于接收来自行李或包裹物品305的射线，产生用于形成行李或包裹物品305的辐射图像的成像数据；放射性物质监测部件302可以与X射线源301相邻地布置，例如位于同一横截面，以脉冲模式，例如在X射线源301发射X射线之前或之后启动或运行，检测行李或包裹物品305的放射性信息。使用多点X射线源结构，使得射线成像子系统可以获得行李或包裹物品的多视角图像或三维图像。
同步控制子系统作为放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统协二者调配合的桥梁，有机调配两者的工作。例如，同步控制子系统可以通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。图5-7示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的用于进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统的工作模式。如图5-7所示，融合系统或同步子系统可以接收触发信号S1，该触发信号可以表示行李或包裹物品进入检测区域和离开检测区域的时刻，以便启动放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统有序地工作。可以通过信号输入输出控制组件提供该触发信号，例如可以沿输送行李或包裹物品的路径设置传感器或触发机构，以感测行 李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时刻；作为替换或补充，根据传送装置的输送操作给出物体运动信息而产生触发信号。
在一些示例中，融合系统还包括传动子系统，用于传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，其例如包括上述传送装置；传动子系统可以向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间和/或行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号，使得同步控制子系统可以基于该传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。辐射成像子系统与放射性监测子系统均在同步控制子系统的调配下以脉冲模式工作，工作脉冲有明确的时间信息，结合传动子系统提供的被检测物体的运动信息，可以明确得到被检测物体的某一位置或部位对应的放射性信息。
示例性地，传动子系统可以包括传送装置(如传送带或皮带传送组件)、传动传感器组件和传动信息输出组件。传送装置包括电机、皮带、联动部件等，承载被检物体通过检测区域。传动传感器组件可以包括速度传感器、光电门控传感器等，用于监测传动子系统的工作状态，以及提供物体进入、离开检测区域的信号。传动信息输出组件向同步控制子系统输出被检物体进入、离开检测区域的信号，以及被检物体的运动速度。
例如，图中S1信号的低电平表示行李或包裹物品未进入或未被检测到进入检测区域，而上升沿表示行李或包裹物品开始进入或将被检测到进入检测区域，高电平表示行李或包裹物品被输送通过检测区域，下降沿表示行李或包裹物品离开检测区域或被检测到离开检测区域。
如图5-7所示，辐射成像子系统可以根据第一脉冲控制信号S2运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，而放射性物质监测子系统可以根据第二脉冲控制信号S3运行以监测行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质。示例性地，第一脉冲控制信号或第二脉冲控制信号可以包括矩形波(方波)。第一脉冲控制信号和第二脉冲控制信号各自包括多个脉冲，每个脉冲表示相应的辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统运行以执行相应的检测操作。例如，第一脉冲控制信号S2包括多个第一脉冲S21，其表示辐射成像子系统(例如，其辐射源和探测器)在此期间运行，以对正通过检测区域的行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像操作；第二脉冲控制信号S3包括第二脉冲S31，放射性物质监测子系统在第二脉冲S31期间运行以监测行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。可以看出，第一脉冲S21和第二脉冲S31在时序上是交替的，确保辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统按照同步控制系统的调配，按照给定的脉冲信号交替工作而不会相互干扰。
在图5的实施例中，第二脉冲S31在第一脉冲S21之后出现，这表示在进行辐射成像操作之后，由放射性物质监测子系统检测行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线；在图6的实施例中，第二脉冲在第一脉冲之前出现，这表示先进行放射性物质监测，再进行辐射成像操作，由此可以进一步避免辐射成像对放射性物质监测的干扰或影响。此外，在准备阶段，即在S1信号的上升沿之前，放射性物质监测子系统可以测量环境本底放射性数据(在脉冲S30期间)。在图7的实施例中，放射性物质监测子系统可以在每次检测行李或包裹物品的放射性射线之前都测量环境本底放射性数据。当被检测物体进入检测区域而出现触发信号S1后，辐射成像子系统与放射性物质监测子系统按照同步控制子系统的调配，按照给定的脉冲信号交替工作。
各个脉冲的脉冲宽度、脉冲频率等均可按照需求进行调整。示例性地，如图5-7所示，一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时间上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，且相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
根据一些实施例，融合系统还可以包括信息融合子系统，其与放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统通信，以将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中，从而可以准确地、更加直观明了地确定行李或包裹物品上的放射性物质的位置，或获得行李或包裹物品的含有放射性物质分布的融合图像。可以理解，与同步控制子系统类似，信息融合子系统也可以由各种合适的硬件/软件实现；信息融合子系统与同步控制子系统也可以单独地设置，也可以位于同一控制系统或控制器中，例如是同一控制系统或控制器中的不同模块。
在一些示例中，信息融合子系统可以包括图像融合组件和报警信息组件。图像融合组件将辐射成像子系统获得的被检物体的图像或辐射数据与放射性信息输出组件输出的被检物体的放射性信息数据在图像域做融合处理，获得带有放射性信息的被检物体的图像信息。报警信息组件可以根据所获得的被检物体的图像或辐射数据确定被检物体是否包含危险违禁物品，同时根据放射性信息输出组件输出的被检物体放射性信息，来判断被检物体是否含有放射性物质，根据以上的判断信息，做出适当的报警显示及动作。
图8示出了根据本公开的一个具体示例的融合辐射成像和放射性物质监测的安检系统的布置。如图所示，该安检系统包括辐射成像子系统10、放射性物质监测子系统20、以及与辐射成像子系统10和放射性物质监测子系统20二者通信的同步控制子系 统30和信息融合子系统40。辐射成像子系统10包括辐射源11、辐射成像探测器12、辐射成像控制组件13和成像输出组件14，辐射成像控制组件13控制辐射源11和辐射成像探测器12以脉冲模式工作以获取行李或包裹物品的辐射成像数据，成像输出组件14可以输出行李或包裹物品的辐射成像数据信号，如辐射图像。放射性物质监测子系统20包括放射性物质探测器21、放射性物质监测控制组件23和放射性信息输出组件24。同步控制子系统30可以通过辐射成像控制组件13和放射性物质监测控制组件23分别控制辐射成像子系统10和放射性物质监测子系统20以脉冲模式运行，例如向辐射成像控制组件13和放射性物质监测控制组件23提供脉冲信号。信息融合子系统40获取成像输出组件14和放射性信息输出组件24的输出信息，将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的辐射图像中。
本公开的实施例还涉及采用上述融合系统进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的方法，包括下述步骤：
使辐射成像子系统以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像；以及
使放射性物质监测子系统以脉冲模式运行以监测行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，其中，由同步控制子系统控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
在对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像时，可以由辐射源(如，能够进行可控的脉冲发射的低能X射线源)以脉冲模式产生辐射束以照射行李或包裹物品，同时由辐射成像探测器检测行李或包裹物品在辐射束的照射下发出或产生的射线，从而产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的辐射图像的数据。
在监测行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质时，可以使放射性监测探测器以脉冲模式运行，以监测行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线，如伽马射线或中子射线。
在操作中，同步控制子系统可以通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。示例性地，控制辐射成像子系统根据第一脉冲控制信号运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，控制放射性物质监测子系统根据第二脉冲控制信号运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，第一脉冲控制信号或第二脉冲控制信号例如包括矩形波。在一些示例中，第一脉冲控制信号包括多个第一脉冲，辐射成像子系统在每个第一脉冲期间运行；第二脉冲控制信号包括在时序上与第一脉冲错开的一个或多个第二脉冲，放射性物质监测子系统在每 个第二脉冲期间运行，以监测行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。作为示例，一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时序上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于所述第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
在该方法中，还可以由传动子系统传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，并至少向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间以及行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号，由同步控制子系统基于所述传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中。
图9示出了根据本公开的一个具体示例的融合辐射成像和放射性物质监测的方法的流程。如图所示，该方法包括下述步骤：
S01：由放射性监测子系统测量环境本底放射性数据；
S02：行李或包裹物品进入检测区域，触发信号出现，检测开始；
S03：在输送行李或包裹物品通过检测区域的同时，由辐射成像子系统和放射性监测子系统轮流工作；
S04：输出行李或包裹物品的辐射图像和放射性监测信息；
S05：行李或包裹物品离开检测区域，检测结束。
本公开的实施例通过使用可在脉冲模式下工作的放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统，在同步控制子系统的调控下，能够实现符合成像和放射性物质监测的配合工作，节约设备占地空间，减少额外屏蔽带来的成本，减少物品流转运输的次数，减少了物品检测的次数，降低了物品检测的时间，提高物品检测的速度。同时，实现被检测物体的辐射图像与放射性监测数据的融合，使得图像信息与放射性信息更直观的显示，能直观指导对可疑物品的进一步检测，能够显著提高物品的检测效率。
在上文描述中，参照操作的动作和符号表示(例如，成流程图的形式)来描述说明性实施例，所述操作可以被执行为程序模块或功能过程，所述程序模块或功能过程包括系统、程序、编程、对象、构件、数据结构等，并且执行特定任务或执行特定的抽象数据类型并且可以使用现有硬件以被执行。这些现有硬件可以包括一个或多个中央处理器(CPU)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
在本文中，除非以其他方式具体地规定，或如从讨论所显而易见的，诸如“处理”、“确定”、“获取”、“获得”、“判断”、“控制”等术语指操作或步骤可以被表示为计算 机系统的寄存器和存储器中的物理电子量的数据并且将其转换成类似地表示为计算机系统存储器或寄存器或其它的这种信息存储、传送或显示装置中的物理量的其它数据的计算机系统或类似的电子计算装置的作用和过程。
以上参照操作或步骤的动作和符号表示(例如，成流程图的形式)来描述说明性实施例，所述操作或步骤可以被执行为程序模块或功能过程，所述程序模块或功能过程包括程序、编程、对象、构件、数据结构等，并且执行特定任务或执行特定的抽象数据类型并且可以使用现有硬件以被执行。
本技术领域技术人员可以理解，本公开包括涉及用于执行本申请中所述方法、步骤、操作或模块的功能中的一项或多项的装置。这些装置可以为所需的目的而专门设计和制造，或者也可以包括通用计算机中的已知装置。这些装置具有存储在其内的计算机程序，这些计算机程序选择性地激活或重构。这样的计算机程序可以被存储在装置(例如，计算机)可读介质中或者存储在适于存储电子指令并分别耦联到总线的任何类型的介质中，所述计算机可读介质包括但不限于任何类型的盘(包括软盘、硬盘、光盘、CD-ROM、和磁光盘)、ROM(Read-Only Memory，只读存储器)、RAM(Random Access Memory)、EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)、EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)、闪存、磁性卡片或光线卡片。也就是，可读介质包括由装置(例如，计算机)以能够读的形式存储或传输信息的任何介质。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本公开的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行变化，本公开的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种用于对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的融合系统，包括：
    辐射成像子系统，该辐射成像子系统被配置成以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像；
    放射性物质监测子系统，该放射性物质监测子系统被配置成以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质；和
    同步控制子系统，该同步控制子系统与辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统二者通信，并被配置成控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行，
    其中辐射成像子系统包括：
    辐射源，该辐射源被配置成以脉冲模式产生用于照射行李或包裹物品的辐射束；和
    辐射成像探测器，该辐射成像探测器被配置成检测行李或包裹物品在所述辐射束的照射下发出或产生的射线，以产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的图像的数据，
    其中辐射源为能够进行可控的脉冲发射的低能X射线源，该低能X射线源适于对所述行李或包裹物品进行X射线能量在千电子伏特(kev)量级的辐射成像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的融合系统，其中所述放射性物质监测子系统包括放射性监测探测器，该放射性监测探测器被配置成以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的融合系统，其中放射性监测探测器包括伽马射线探测器和中子探测器中的至少一个。
  4. 根据权利要求1和3中任一项所述的融合系统，其中同步控制子系统被配置成通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
  5. 根据权利要求1和3中任一项所述的融合系统，其中
    辐射成像子系统被配置成根据第一脉冲控制信号运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，
    放射性物质监测子系统被配置成根据第二脉冲控制信号运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，
    第一脉冲控制信号和第二脉冲控制信号包括矩形波。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的融合系统，其中
    第一脉冲控制信号包括多个第一脉冲，
    第二脉冲控制信号包括第二脉冲，放射性物质监测子系统被配置成在第二脉冲期间运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线，
    一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时间上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，且相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于所述第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求1、3和6中任一项所述的融合系统，还包括：
    传动子系统，该传动子系统被配置成传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，并至少向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间以及行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号，
    同步控制子系统进一步被配置成基于所述传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。
  8. 根据权利要求1、3和6中任一项所述的融合系统，还包括：
    信息融合子系统，该信息融合子系统与放射性物质监测子系统和辐射成像子系统通信，以将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中。
  9. 一种用于对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像和放射性物质监测的方法，包括：
    使辐射成像子系统以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像；
    使放射性物质监测子系统以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质；和
    由同步控制子系统控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行，
    其中“使辐射成像子系统成以脉冲模式运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像”包括：
    由能够进行可控的脉冲发射且X射线能量在千电子伏特(kev)量级的低能X射线源以脉冲模式产生辐射束以照射行李或包裹物品；和
    由辐射成像探测器检测行李或包裹物品在所述辐射束的照射下发出或产生的射线，以产生用于形成行李或包裹物品的图像的数据。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中“使放射性物质监测子系统以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质”包括：
    使放射性监测探测器以脉冲模式运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中由放射性监测探测器监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的伽马射线和中子射线中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的方法，其中由同步控制子系统通过可变、可调的脉冲控制信号，实时控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统交替地运行。
  13. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的方法，其中
    控制辐射成像子系统根据第一脉冲控制信号运行以对行李或包裹物品进行辐射成像，
    控制放射性物质监测子系统根据第二脉冲控制信号运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品是否含有放射性物质，
    第一脉冲控制信号和第二脉冲控制信号包括矩形波。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中
    第一脉冲控制信号包括多个第一脉冲，
    第二脉冲控制信号包括第二脉冲，放射性物质监测子系统在第二脉冲期间运行以监测所述行李或包裹物品发出的放射性射线，
    一些或所有第二脉冲中的每一个在时间上位于两个相邻的第一脉冲之间，且相邻的第一脉冲之间的间距大于或等于所述第二脉冲的脉冲宽度。
  15. 根据权利要求9-11和14中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
    由传动子系统传输行李或包裹物品通过检测区域，并至少向同步控制子系统输出表示行李或包裹物品进入和离开检测区域的时间以及行李或包裹物品的传输速度的传动信号；
    由同步控制子系统基于所述传动信号控制辐射成像子系统和放射性物质监测子系统的操作。
  16. 根据权利要求9-11和14中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
    将由放射性物质监测子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的放射性信息融合在由辐射成像子系统获得的行李或包裹物品的图像中。
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