WO2021258815A1 - 一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258815A1
WO2021258815A1 PCT/CN2021/086751 CN2021086751W WO2021258815A1 WO 2021258815 A1 WO2021258815 A1 WO 2021258815A1 CN 2021086751 W CN2021086751 W CN 2021086751W WO 2021258815 A1 WO2021258815 A1 WO 2021258815A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
flow
integrated intelligent
detection device
intelligent detection
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PCT/CN2021/086751
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晋阳
陈云飞
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US17/604,445 priority Critical patent/US11618047B2/en
Publication of WO2021258815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258815A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/085—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • B05B12/006—Pressure or flow rate sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/10—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission
    • G01F1/115—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-cost spray pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device and method, belonging to the field of intelligent agricultural machinery.
  • Stable control of pressure and flow is the key to ensure the uniformity of droplet deposition during sprayer operation and variable application. Accurate and real-time detection of pressure and flow are the prerequisites for achieving stable control of pressure and flow.
  • Existing sprayers use independent pressure and flow sensors for flow and pressure detection. When such separate flow and pressure sensors are distributed and installed on the sprayer, there are defects such as incompact structure, complicated piping, and complicated sensor wiring; on the other hand, Most of the flow and pressure sensors used on the existing sprayers choose industrial sensors. Due to the complexity of the sprayer operating environment, the flow and pressure sensors that meet the industrial standards show the reality of decreased detection performance and frequent failure rates during sprayer operation. problem.
  • Patent 1 A Composite Flow Pressure Sensing Device (Application No. 201611241918.0)" discloses a composite flow pressure sensor device.
  • the sensor consists of an orifice flowmeter and a pressure mounted on the rotating plate
  • the sensor is composed of a measuring unit.
  • the sensor device controls the flow through a micro-stepping motor installed on the outside of the main body, resulting in high cost and large size of the sensor, high installation space requirements and inconvenient installation to the sprayer; in addition, Since the integrated flow sensor part of this sensor uses an orifice flowmeter, it has disadvantages such as low measurement accuracy, large pressure loss, and inability to adapt to dirty environments, so it is not suitable for use in agricultural machinery.
  • Patent 2 “Turbine Flowmeter with Pressure and Temperature Detection (Application No. 200720174983.6)" discloses a turbine flowmeter with temperature and pressure measurement, which is composed of integrated sensors, connectors, and intelligent integrators.
  • the sensor body is assembled with pressure sensor, turbine flowmeter chip, flow sensor and temperature sensor, and the pressure and temperature are detected at the same time, but because the existing pressure sensor, turbine flowmeter chip, flow sensor and temperature sensor are used Due to the influence of the structure and volume of these sensors, the integrated integrated sensor has a large volume and is not easy to integrate into the sprayer. Because the sensor used is an industrial sensor, it is affected by the complex and changeable agricultural environment and is used in spraying. The performance of the machine-time sensor is greatly reduced or even unusable.
  • the present invention comprehensively considers the sprayer working pressure and working flow range, installation convenience, and sprayer operating environment, and proposes a low-cost spray pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device and method suitable for agricultural environments. , Lay the foundation for real-time detection and control of sprayer flow and pressure.
  • a low-cost spray pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device including a pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33), a control unit (26) and a calibration system
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33) is a device that integrates the pressure detection unit (18) and the flow detection unit (19) to detect the pressure and flow of the sprayer; the control unit (26) and the pressure and flow respectively
  • the integrated intelligent detection device (33) and the calibration system are connected, and the calibration system is used for simulating the change of working parameters of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33) when working in the field under the action of the control unit.
  • control unit (26) includes a controller (25), an analog quantity acquisition module (20), a U disk (13), a touch screen (14), a DC boost module (16) and a 12V DC power supply (17)
  • controller (25) is connected to the analog quantity acquisition module (20), the touch screen (14), and the DC boost module (16) respectively, and the analog quantity acquisition module (20) is respectively connected to the pressure detection unit (18),
  • the flow detection unit (19) is connected, the touch screen (14) is connected to the U disk (13), and the boost module (16) is connected to the 12V DC power supply (17).
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33) is composed of a pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device housing (1), an expansion ring (2), a front (rear) guide element (3), and a ball bearing (4) , Bearing (5), preamplifier (6), shaft (7), impeller (8), CYT 101 pressure transmitter (9), connecting hole (10); the integrated intelligent detection of pressure and flow
  • the device casing (1) is tubular in shape and symmetrical, with flanges processed at both ends, and the flanges at both ends are connected to the sprayer pipe line, and the end faces of the flanges at both ends are processed with ring-shaped rectangular grooves.
  • the preamplifier (6) Used to install the expansion ring (2) and the front (rear) guide element (3), there is a boss on the outer circumference of the shell at one end of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device shell (1), and the boss is connected by thread CYT 101 pressure transmitter (9), the preamplifier (6) is installed in the middle position directly below the shell (1) of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device; the preamplifier (6) is installed in the front (rear) guide element ( 3)
  • the top part is provided with a circular table for mounting the bearing (5) and the ball bearing (4) opposite each other in the axial direction.
  • the circular table is fixed on the top of the front (rear) guide element (3) by the upper and lower support columns.
  • stepped hole one (11) and stepped hole two (12) Two coaxial stepped holes are machined at the bottom of the cylinder, stepped hole one (11) and stepped hole two (12), stepped hole one (11) is installed with the outer ring of the bearing (5) by interference fit, and stepped hole two (12) Install with the ball bearing (4) by means of clearance fit; one end of the ball bearing (4) is in contact with the shaft (7) and bears the axial force when the liquid drives the impeller (8) to rotate; inside the bearing (5)
  • the hole is installed with the shaft (7) in a clearance fit manner, so that the shaft (7) can perform circumferential rotation; the shaft (7) is a stepped shaft, and the stepped part and the inner hole of the impeller (8) adopt a transitional fit Way to install.
  • the material of the expansion ring (2) is bronze, and the opening method is an oblique mouth.
  • the expansion ring (2) is installed in the two grooves machined on the left and right of the shell, and one end surface of the expansion ring (2) Fitting with the processing groove, the other end face is fitted with the bottom end face of the front (rear) guide element (3), forming a seal under the tension of the expansion ring (2) itself, so that the front (rear) guide element ( 3) Fit to the surface of the processing groove, so that the front (rear) guide element (3) does not move in the axial position during operation.
  • the front (rear) guide element (3) is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy by casting, distributed on both ends of the shaft (7), and shaped as an annular cylindrical hole formed by the rotation of "L" , There is a coaxial round table on the top of the annular cylindrical hole, which is fixed by two upper and lower support columns, and the "L"-shaped annular cylindrical hole, round table and support column are integrally cast.
  • the stepped hole one (11), diameter 10mm, depth 10mm, stepped hole two, diameter 9mm, depth 4mm, the cylindrical part of the truncated cone remains unchanged, and the conical part of the truncated cone is cast to remove excess material to reduce the pressure flow
  • the weight of the integrated intelligent detection device is not limited to:
  • the preamplifier (6) is composed of permanent magnets, iron cores, coils, and amplifying and shaping circuits, and is packaged into an integrated type, through the M15 at the bottom of the housing (1) of the integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow.
  • the screw thread is connected with the shell, and the electric signal is generated by periodically cutting the magnetic line of force through the lead output.
  • the four pins at the bottom of the preamplifier (6) in the form of a package correspond to signal output, power input, shielding net and amplifier grounding wire respectively.
  • the calibration system is composed of a pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33), a one-way valve (39), a filter (37), a flow regulating valve (31), a proportional relief valve (29), and a pressure regulating valve ( 30), pump (28), water tank (27), nozzle (38), solenoid valve (34), CYT 101 pressure transmitter (32), measuring cylinder (35) and electronic balance (36); the ratio The overflow valve (29), CYT 101 pressure transmitter (32), pump (28), flow control valve (31), solenoid valve (34) are all connected to the control unit (26);
  • the bottom and side of the water tank (27) are respectively provided with a water outlet and a return port at a certain height, and the top center is provided with a water injection port;
  • the water tank (27) is connected with the liquid inlet of the pump (28) through the bottom water outlet, and
  • a filter (37) is provided between the water outlet at the bottom of the water tank (27) and the pump (28), and is connected to the proportional relief valve (29) through the return port on the side;
  • the liquid outlet of the pump (28) passes through the pipeline on one hand It is connected to one end of the proportional relief valve (29), and the other is connected to the pressure regulating valve (30);
  • the pressure regulating valve (30) is connected to the valve end of the flow regulating valve (31) for controlling the proportional relief valve (29)
  • the pressure difference between the flow control valve (31), and the pressure of the liquid output by the fixed differential pressure reducing valve is maintained at a constant value;
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33)
  • the present invention is a low-cost spray pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device and method.
  • the flow detection principle is: when the measured fluid flows through the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device, under the action of the fluid, the impeller is rotated by force, and the impeller The speed is proportional to the average flow rate of the fluid.
  • the blade periodically cuts the magnetic field lines generated by the electromagnet to change the magnetic flux of the coil.
  • an electric pulse signal will be induced in the coil.
  • the frequency of this electric pulse signal is the same as that of the measured
  • the flow rate of the fluid is proportional.
  • the electric pulse signal is amplified and reshaped, it can form a continuous rectangular pulse wave with a certain amplitude.
  • the pulse frequency f is proportional to the instantaneous flow Q of the turbine flowmeter, namely
  • f is the pulse signal Hz
  • k is the meter coefficient 1/m 3 , which can be obtained from the calibration result
  • Q is the instantaneous flow rate of the fluid (under working conditions) m 3 /h
  • 3600 is the conversion factor.
  • the pressure detection of chemical liquid uses a commercially available pressure-sensitive resistance pressure sensor. According to the principle of piezoresistive effect, the change of chemical pressure causes the change of the resistance value of the substrate. Through signal conversion and calibration, the relationship between the pressure of the chemical liquid and the electrical parameters of the sensor is obtained. Mathematical model, so as to realize real-time and accurate detection of liquid medicine pressure.
  • a low-cost integrated intelligent detection method for spray pressure and flow including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Collect the calibration data of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device Before testing the flow and pressure in the sprayer pipeline, the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device must be calibrated. Considering that the sprayer is in operation, the pressure and flow of the chemical liquid are in the range of 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa and 1 ⁇ 3L, respectively /min, the working range of the sprayer's chemical pressure and flow rate must be included in the calibration range selected during the calibration process to ensure that the calibrated pressure and flow range meets the sprayer's working requirements.
  • the specific calibration steps include:
  • Step 2 Anti-interference processing and curve fitting of calibration data of the integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow
  • anti-interference processing is adopted to eliminate the noise generated when the data signal is acquired, and the data signal after the anti-interference processing is fitted to obtain the output electrical signal amount and the waiting time. Measure the mathematical relationship model between pressure and flow.
  • step 1 For the data collected in step 1, filter and analyze the data by limiting filtering, median filtering, and moving average filtering methods to remove the interference of the vibration of the calibration system of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device during the signal data collection process , The interference of the instantaneous impact when the valve is opened, the interference of the integrated installation of the pressure detection unit and the flow detection unit, and the singular values of the data collected due to other interference effects, to obtain reliable, true and effective data.
  • the electric pulse signal can be amplified and reshaped to form a continuous rectangular pulse wave with a certain amplitude, and the pulse frequency f and the turbine flowmeter in a certain flow range
  • the instantaneous flow rate Q is proportional to the instantaneous flow rate Q.
  • the flow rate Q in the sprayer pipeline under the condition of continuous working for 30s is calculated, and the rectangular pulse wave signal output by the anti-interference processing Frequency f, the value of the meter coefficient k can be obtained by calculation, and the mathematical model of the square wave signal frequency f output by the preamplifier and the flow rate Q in the pipeline can be obtained.
  • the mathematical model obtained by actual calibration will have certain differences. It will affect the proportional relationship between the output frequency f and the flow rate Q in the principle, and it will be stored in the controller.
  • Step 3 Real-time collection of pressure and flow data in the sprayer pipeline
  • Step 4 Anti-interference processing of real-time detection data of pressure and flow in the sprayer pipeline
  • the data is filtered and analyzed by limiting filter, median filter, and moving average filter to remove the interference caused by the vibration of the sprayer in the field operation, the interference caused by the bumpy travel of the sprayer on the uneven road in the field, and Collect the singular values of the data due to other interferences to obtain true and reliable valid data.
  • Step 5 Display and storage of real-time detection data of pressure and flow in the sprayer pipeline
  • the anti-interference processing data in step 4 is sent to the control unit, that is, the pressure and flow data of the sprayer in the field can be calculated through the output signal obtained by the calibration system and the mathematical model of the sprayer pressure and flow rate, and sent to the touch screen To display. And the real-time display data of the touch screen is stored in the U disk, which can be used to analyze the stability of the sprayer in the field after the sprayer is working.
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device of the present invention can realize the rapid and accurate pressure and flow of the liquid in the spray rod during the operation of the sprayer. , Real-time detection.
  • Figure 1 is a structure diagram of an integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow; (a) is a cross-sectional view; (b) is an internal structure diagram;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a control unit of an integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of calibration of an integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow
  • 1- The shell of the integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow; 2- Expanding ring; 3- Front (rear) guide element; 4- Ball bearing; 5- Bearing; 6- Preamplifier; 7- Shaft; 8- Impeller ; 9-CYT 101 pressure transmitter; 10-connection hole; 11-step hole one; 12-step hole two; 13-U disk; 14-touch screen; 15-RS485 interface; 16-DC boost module; 17 -12V DC power supply; 18-pressure detection unit; 19-flow detection unit; 20-analog acquisition module; 21-A/D conversion interface A; 22-A/D conversion interface B; 23-A/D conversion interface C ; 24-A/D conversion interface D; 25-controller; 26-control unit; 27-water tank; 28-pump; 29-proportional relief valve; 30-pressure regulating valve; 31-flow regulating valve; 32-CYT Type 101 pressure transmitter; 33-integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow; 34-solenoid valve; 35-grading cylinder; 36-electronic balance; 37-filter;
  • the main part of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device mainly includes: 1-The shell of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device; 2-The expansion ring; 3-The front guide element; 4-Ball bearing; 5- Bearing; 6-preamplifier; 7-axis; 8-impeller; 9-CYT 101 pressure transmitter; 10-connection hole composition.
  • the casing 1 of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device is made of stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti.
  • the shape is tubular and symmetrical, the overall length is 190mm, the outer circumference diameter is 70mm, and the inner hole diameter is 50mm.
  • Flanges are machined at both ends.
  • the diameter of the flange part is 150mm and the thickness is 20mm.
  • Four connecting holes 10 of the same size are arranged on the flange, evenly distributed on the circumference of 125mm.
  • the diameter of the connecting hole 10 is 18mm.
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 is connected with the pipe of the boom sprayer by means of a threaded connection. The end faces of the flanges at both ends are reamed.
  • the diameter of the processed hole is 60mm and the length is 10mm.
  • a ring-shaped rectangular groove with a diameter of 70mm and a width of 6mm is processed at a distance of 4mm from the end faces of the flanges at both ends for installation.
  • the boss part is machined with an M 20 internal threaded through hole. The purpose is to install the CYT 101 pressure by means of threaded connection.
  • a threaded through hole of M15 is machined in the middle position directly below the shell, and the axis is on the same plane as the internal thread of M20.
  • the purpose is to install the preamplifier 6 by threaded connection; the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device (33) can be realized
  • the pressure detection unit (18) and the flow detection unit (19) have the functions of pressure and flow detection.
  • the material of the said expansion ring 2 is bronze, the opening method is an oblique mouth, the nominal size is 70mm, the width is 6mm, and the thickness is 2mm.
  • One end surface of the ring 2 is attached to the processing groove, and the other end surface is attached to the bottom end surface of the front (rear) guide element 3, forming a seal under the tension of the expanding ring 2 itself, so that the front (rear) guide element 3 Fit to the surface of the processing groove, so that the front (rear) guide element 3 does not move in the axial position when it is working;
  • the front (rear) guide element 3 is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy by casting, and has the shape of a circular cylindrical hole formed by the rotation of "L".
  • the top of the circular cylindrical hole has a coaxial circular table, which passes through the upper and lower two Two support columns are fixed, the "L"-shaped circular cylindrical hole, round table, and support column are cast in one piece.
  • the diameter of the bottom part that fits the groove surface is 60mm
  • the diameter of the inner hole is 42mm
  • the thickness is 4mm. Under the action of tightness, one end is attached to the groove, and the other end is attached to the end face of the expansion ring.
  • the wall thickness of the cylindrical part of the front (rear) guide element 3 is 4mm, the diameter of the fitting part is 50mm when installed with the inner hole of the housing, the diameter of the inner hole is 42mm, and the length is 44mm. It is useful at the top part of the front (rear) guide element 3
  • the original parts where the bearing 5 and the ball bearing 4 are installed are integral with the toroidal cylinder, the axis coincides with the toroidal cylinder, and the shape is a truncated cone (revolved from a right-angled trapezoid), the cylindrical part remains unchanged, and excess material is removed during casting of the conical part
  • two support columns located on the same plane are casted to connect with the conical part.
  • Step hole one (11), diameter 10mm, depth 10mm, step hole two, diameter 9mm, depth 4mm, step hole One (11) is installed with the outer ring of the bearing (5) by interference fit, and the stepped hole (12) is installed with the ball bearing (4) by a clearance fit;
  • the ball bearing (4) uses standard miniature cemented carbide thrust bearings (f series thrust bearings), the model is F4-9M, and is installed in the second stepped hole (12) by clearance fit.
  • the ball One end of the bearing (4) is in contact with the inner wall of the second step hole (12), and the other end of the ball bearing (4) is in contact with the end of the shaft (7), and bears the axial force when the liquid drives the impeller (8) to rotate;
  • the bearing (5) is a standard sliding bearing (hollow sleeve type bearing), the model is 0810, and it is installed in the stepped hole one (11).
  • the bearing (5) adopts interference fit with the stepped hole one (11).
  • the inner hole of the bearing (5) is installed with the shaft (7) in a clearance fit manner, so that the shaft (7) can perform circumferential rotation movement;
  • the preamplifier 6 is composed of a permanent magnet, an iron core, a coil, and an amplifying and shaping circuit, and is packaged into an integrated type.
  • the preamplifier 6 is connected to the shell by the M15 thread in the middle of the bottom of the shell 1 of the integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow. And through the lead output cycle to cut the magnetic line of force to generate electrical signals.
  • the four pins at the bottom of the preamplifier 6 in the form of a package correspond to signal output, power input, and shielding network respectively (the wiring is connected to the housing 1 of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device) And amplifier ground wire;
  • the shaft 7 is made of stainless steel 2Cr13.
  • the shaft 7 is a stepped shaft with a length of 68mm and a diameter of 8mm.
  • a step with an outer diameter of 20mm and a width of 15mm is machined in the middle of the shaft. 5, the two ends of the shaft 7 are in contact with the ball bearing 4, and the stepped part and the inner hole of the impeller 8 are installed in a transitional fit;
  • the impeller 8 is made of Cr17Ni2, which is a high magnetic permeability material.
  • the impeller is a spiral blade with 12 spiral blades evenly distributed on the circumference. They are installed in the middle of the shaft 7.
  • the outer ring diameter of the impeller 8 is 25mm, and the inner ring diameter is 20mm.
  • the blade height is 11.5mm, the width is 15mm, the blade inclination angle is 30°, the inner hole of the impeller 8 and the stepped part of the shaft 7 are installed in a transitional fit;
  • the CYT 101 pressure transmitter 9 is a standard pressure transmitter produced by Beijing Tianyu Hengchuang Co., Ltd.
  • the CYT 101 pressure transmitter 9 is processed by M
  • the threaded hole of 20 and the housing 1 of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device are installed in a threaded connection.
  • control unit 26 includes a controller 25, an analog quantity acquisition module 20, a U disk 13, a touch screen 14, a DC boost module 16, and a 12V DC power supply 17.
  • the controller 25 is Siemens 6ES7 216-2BD23-0XB8, which integrates an RS485 interface 15, and is connected to the analog quantity acquisition module 20 through an expansion connection line PPI;
  • the analog quantity acquisition module 20 is Siemens 6ES7 235-0KD22-0XB8, which integrates A/D conversion interface A 21, A/D conversion interface B 22, A/D conversion interface C 23, and A/D conversion.
  • Interface D 24 four conversion interfaces;
  • the touch screen 14 is a Siemens Smart IE 700V3 touch screen.
  • the touch screen 14 integrates an RS485 communication port and a USB interface.
  • the touch screen 14 is connected to the RS485 interface 13 of the controller 25 through the RS485 bus, and is used to display real-time collection of boom sprayer tubes. Pressure data and flow data in the road;
  • the U disk 13 is connected to the touch screen 14 through the USB interface on the touch screen 14, and is used to store the collected pipeline pressure and flow data of the boom sprayer;
  • the pressure detection unit 18 and the flow detection unit 19 are respectively connected to the A/D conversion interface A 21 and the A/D conversion interface B 22 of the analog quantity acquisition module;
  • the 12V DC power supply 17 powers the battery on the sprayer to supply power to the flow detection unit 19, and the DC boost module 16 converts the 12V DC voltage into a 24V DC voltage to supply power to the pressure detection unit 18, the controller 25 and the touch screen 14;
  • the DC boost module 16 is an MDF150-12S24 boost converter.
  • the invention is a low-cost integrated intelligent detection device and method for pressure and flow.
  • the pressure detection unit 18 adopts the CYT 101 pressure transmitter produced by Beijing Tianyu Hengchuang Co., Ltd., which is a standard pressure transmitter and is installed in the shell 1 of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device by means of a threaded connection.
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 should be installed in the calibration system as a whole.
  • the calibration system consists of a pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33, a one-way valve 39, a filter 37, a flow regulating valve 31, a proportional relief valve 29, a pressure regulating valve 30, a pump 28, a water tank 27, and a control Unit 26, nozzle 38, solenoid valve 34, CYT 101 pressure transmitter 32, measuring cylinder 35 and electronic balance 36 are composed.
  • This calibration system can simulate the working conditions of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 when working in the field.
  • the water tank 27 is made of opaque plastic.
  • the bottom and side of the water tank 27 are respectively provided with a water outlet and a return port at a certain height, and the top center is provided with a water injection port; the water tank is connected to the pump 28 through the bottom water outlet and passes through The side return port is connected with the proportional relief valve 29;
  • the pump 28 is an RS-360SH gear pump.
  • the liquid inlet of the pump 28 is connected to the water outlet at the bottom of the water tank 27 through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the pump 28 is connected to one end of the proportional relief valve 29 through a pipeline, and the other On the one hand, it is connected to the pressure regulating valve 30;
  • the proportional relief valve 29 is selected from the DBEE6-1X/50 pilot-operated proportional relief valve produced by Bosch Rexroth AG. One end is connected to the return port of the water tank 27 through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the pressure regulating valve 30 at the same time. ;
  • the pressure regulating valve 30 is selected from the German Bosch Rexroth AG DR20-30/31.5 pilot-operated differential pressure reducing valve, one end of which is connected to the outlet of the proportional overflow 29 through a pipeline, and the other end is simultaneously adjusted with the flow rate
  • the valve end of the valve 31 is connected to control the pressure difference between the proportional relief valve 29 and the flow control valve 31, and to maintain a constant value of the liquid pressure output by the differential pressure reducing valve;
  • the flow control valve 31 is a German Bosch Rexroth REXROTH flow control valve, one end of which is connected to the water inlet of the pressure control valve 30;
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 is connected to the CYT 101 pressure transmitter 32 and the one-way valve 39 at the water inlet end, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve 34;
  • the filter 37 is installed on the main road of the calibration system
  • the CYT 101 pressure transmitter 32 is produced by Beijing Tianyu Hengchuang Co., Ltd., which uses a calibrated pressure sensor on a general boom sprayer device. It is installed on the flow control valve 31 through a threaded connection and integrated intelligent detection of pressure and flow. On the pipeline between the devices 33;
  • the solenoid valve 36 is a 6013 type direct-acting solenoid valve with high-speed switching solenoid valve. One end is connected to the serial nozzle 38, and the other end is connected to the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33. Under the action of the controller 25, the high-speed switch The solenoid valve 34 is opened and closed to control the working state of the spray head 38. When the solenoid valve 34 is opened, the corresponding nozzle 38 works; when the solenoid valve 34 is closed, the corresponding nozzle 38 stops working;
  • the nozzle 38 is a TR80-05 conical mist nozzle produced by Lechler, Germany, and is connected to a high-speed switching solenoid valve 34 connected in series with it.
  • a low-cost integrated intelligent detection method for spray pressure and flow including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Collect the calibration data of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device
  • the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 Before detecting the flow and pressure in the sprayer pipeline, the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 33 must be calibrated. Considering that during the operation of the sprayer, the range of the pressure and flow of the chemical liquid is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa and 1 ⁇ respectively. Between 3L/min, the working range of the sprayer's chemical pressure and flow rate must be included in the calibration range selected during the calibration process to ensure that the calibrated pressure and flow range meets the sprayer's working requirements.
  • the specific calibration steps include:
  • the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 31 is controlled to gradually decrease from 100% to 10% in steps of 5%, and spray continuously for 30s at each opening degree, while using 2000mL respectively.
  • the measuring cylinder 35 and the electronic balance 36 with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.1g record the volume and mass of the water sprayed by the nozzle, and record the corresponding rectangular wave signal frequency f output by the preamplifier 6 in the flow detection unit 19, and use the same method
  • the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 31 is gradually increased from 10% to 100% in steps of 5%, and the reverse stroke data is obtained, and the forward and reverse strokes are performed three times each. Record the collected data and store the data in the U disk 11;
  • Step 2 Anti-interference processing and linear fitting of calibration data of the integrated intelligent detection device for pressure and flow
  • anti-interference processing is adopted to eliminate the noise generated when the data signal is acquired, and the data signal after the anti-interference processing is fitted to obtain the output electrical signal amount and the waiting time.
  • step 1 For the data collected in step 1, filter and analyze the data by limiting filtering, median filtering, and moving average filtering methods to remove the interference of the vibration of the calibration system of the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device during the signal data collection process , The interference of the instantaneous impact when the valve port is opened, the interference of the integrated installation of the pressure detection unit 18 and the flow detection unit 19 and the singular values of the data collected due to other interference effects, to obtain reliable, true and effective data;
  • Pressure, flow rate integration of intelligent pressure detecting means 33 output pressure detection unit 18 and interference through a linear transformation processing electrical signals X j (j 1,2, .... , 150), of X and Y i j uses the least squares method to fit.
  • a mathematical model is established between the fitted electrical signal output by the pressure detection unit 18 and the pressure value in the pipeline, and is stored in the controller 23.
  • Step 3 Real-time detection data collection of pressure and flow in the sprayer pipeline
  • Step 4 Anti-interference processing of real-time detection data of pressure and flow in the sprayer pipeline
  • the data is filtered and analyzed by limiting filter, median filter, and moving average filter to remove the interference caused by the vibration of the sprayer in the field operation, the interference caused by the bumpy travel of the sprayer on the uneven road in the field, and Collect the singular values of the data due to other interferences to obtain true and reliable valid data.
  • Step 5 Display and storage of real-time detection data of pressure and flow in the sprayer pipeline
  • the anti-interference processing data in step 4 is sent to the control unit 26, that is, the real-time pressure and flow data of the sprayer during field work can be calculated through the output signal obtained by the calibration system and the mathematical model of the sprayer pressure and flow rate, and sent Go to the touch screen 14 for display. And the real-time data displayed on the touch screen 14 is stored in the U disk 13, which can be used to analyze the stability of the sprayer in the field after the sprayer is working.
  • the sprayer Before the sprayer starts spraying operation, start the real-time detection system of spray bar pressure and flow rate to perform self-checking. After passing the self-check, use the touch screen 14 to set the spray bar pressure, flow rate and other parameters during operation, and then under the action of the controller 25, Through the pressure and flow integrated intelligent detection device 35, the pressure and flow data during the working process of the sprayer are dynamically collected. Through the anti-interference processing and data conversion of the collected data, the actual flow and pressure values during the working process of the sprayer are obtained. , And store the measured pressure and flow values with the U disk 13 and display them on the touch screen 14 in real time.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法，由压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、控制单元(26)和标定系统组成，所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)是将压力检测单元(18)、流量检测单元(19)集成于一体用于检测压力和流量的装置；控制单元(26)分别和压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、标定系统相连接，标定系统用于模拟压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)在田间工作时的工况，本发明解决了传统喷雾剂压力、流量检测方式中检测单元独立安装造成喷雾机的喷杆管路结构复杂、布线复杂及安装不便等问题，为喷雾机流量和压力的实时检测和控制奠定基础。

Description

一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法，属于智能化农业机械领域。
背景技术
压力、流量稳定控制是确保喷雾机作业时雾滴沉积均匀性和进行变量施药的关键，而压力、流量的准确、实时检测是实现压力、流量稳定控制的前提。现有喷雾机流量和压力检测采用的是独立的压力和流量传感器，这种单独的流量、压力传感器在喷雾机上分布安装时存在结构不紧凑、管路复杂、传感器布线复杂等缺陷；另一方面现有喷雾机上采用的流量、压力传感器大多选购工业传感器，由于喷雾机作业环境的复杂性，导致符合工业标准的流量、压力传感器在喷雾机作业时呈现检测性能下降和故障率频发的实际问题。况且，现有喷杆喷雾机为了对每个喷区压力和流量进行准确控制，每个喷区都需要相应的传感器，随着喷杆喷雾机向宽幅化发展，市场上出现了喷副为40-60m的喷杆喷雾机，若在每一分区都安装工业压力、流量传感器，大大增加了喷雾机的成本，降低了市场竞争力。如采用压力、流量一体化农用检测装置或传感器，对提高喷雾机压力、流量检测性能、降低故障率和成本、降低对安装空间要求等具有重要意义。然而目前尚缺乏适用于农业环境的喷雾机流量、压力一体化专用检测装置。因此，迫切需要对专用于农业环境的低成本压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法进行研发。
在现有技术中，申请人尚未发现专用于喷雾机的压力、流量一体化智能检测装置及方法。相近技术中，专利1《一种复合型流量压力传感装置(申请号为201611241918.0)》公开了一种复合型流量压力传感器装置，该传感器由用孔板流量计与安装在转板上的压力测量单元构成，该传感装置通过在主体外侧加装的微步进电机对流量进行控制，导致传感器成本偏高和体积偏大，对安装空间要求较高且不便于安装到喷雾机；此外，由于此传感器集成的流量传感器部分是采用的是孔板流量计，本身存在测量精度偏低，压力损失大，无法适应脏污环境等缺点，并不适合应用于农业机械当中。专利2《带压力、温度检测的涡轮流量计(申请号为200720174983.6)》公开了一种带有温度、压力测量的涡轮流量计，由一体化传感器、连接件、智能积分仪组成，通过在一体化传感器表体上组装有压力传感器、涡轮流量计芯片、流量传感器及温度传感器，同时进行压力、温度的检测，但由于所采用 的是现有压力传感器、涡轮流量计芯片、流量传感器及温度传感器，受这些传感器自身结构和体积的影响导致所集成的一体化传感器体积较大，不便于集成到喷雾机上，由于所采用的传感器是工业传感器，受复杂多变的农业环境的影响，应用于喷雾机时传感器性能大大降低甚至无法使用。
发明内容
为了弥补上述不足，本发明综合考虑喷雾机工作压力及工作流量范围、安装便捷性、喷雾机作业环境基础上，提出了一种适用于农业环境的低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法，为喷雾机流量和压力的实时检测和控制奠定基础。
在实际工作当中，不仅要考虑压力流量一体化智能检测装置的结构设计，也需要考虑传感器的标定和信号的后处理，如何将信号发送到操作室，并将实时检测的喷杆压力、流量数据进行显示也是该专利的重要特征。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，包括压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、控制单元(26)和标定系统，所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)是将压力检测单元(18)、流量检测单元(19)集成于一体用于检测喷雾机压力和流量的装置；控制单元(26)分别和压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、标定系统相连接，在控制单元作用下标定系统用于模拟压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)在田间工作时的工作参数变化。
进一步，所述的控制单元(26)包括控制器(25)、模拟量采集模块(20)、U盘(13)、触摸屏(14)、DC升压模块(16)和12V DC电源(17)；所述控制器(25)分别和模拟量采集模块(20)、触摸屏(14)、DC升压模块(16)相连，所述模拟量采集模块(20)分别和压力检测单元(18)、流量检测单元(19)相连，所述触摸屏(14)又和U盘(13)相连，所述升压模块(16)又和12V DC电源(17)相连。
进一步，所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)由压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)、涨圈(2)、前(后)导向元件(3)、球轴承(4)、轴承(5)、前置放大器(6)、轴(7)、叶轮(8)、CYT 101型压力变送器(9)、连接孔(10)组成；所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)形状为管状，且为左右对称式，两端分别加工出法兰，两端法兰与喷杆喷雾机管路相连接，两端法兰端面加工出环状矩形凹槽，用于安装涨圈(2)及前(后)导向元件(3)，在距压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)一端面的壳体外圆周上有一凸台，凸台通过螺纹连接CYT 101型压力变送器(9)，在压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)的正下方中间位置采用螺纹连接的方式安装前置放大器(6)；在前(后)导向 元件(3)顶端部分，轴向相对各设置一个用于安装轴承(5)与球轴承(4)的圆台，圆台在前(后)导向元件(3)的顶端靠上下两个支撑柱固定，圆台的圆柱底部加工有两个同轴阶梯孔，阶梯孔一(11)和阶梯孔二(12)，阶梯孔一(11)采用过盈配合的方式与轴承(5)外圈进行安装，阶梯孔二(12)采用间隙配合的方式与球轴承(4)进行安装；球轴承(4)一端与轴(7)端接触，承受液体带动叶轮(8)旋转时的轴向力；轴承(5)内孔采用间隙配合的方式与轴(7)进行安装，使轴(7)可进行周向回转运动；所述的轴(7)为一阶梯轴，阶梯部分与叶轮(8)内孔采用过渡配合的方式进行安装。
进一步，所述的涨圈(2)材料为青铜，开口方式为斜口，在壳体的左右两个加工出的凹槽中分别安装有涨圈(2)，涨圈(2)的一个端面与加工凹槽贴合，另一个端面与前(后)导向元件(3)的底部端面贴合，在涨圈(2)本身的涨紧性作用下形成密封，使前(后)导向元件(3)贴合于加工凹槽的表面，使前(后)导向元件(3)在工作时不产生轴向位置上的运动。
进一步，所述的前(后)导向元件(3)由不导磁的铝合金以铸造的方式制成，分布在轴(7)两端，形状为一个由“L”旋转形成的环形圆柱孔，环形圆柱孔顶部有一同轴圆台，通过上下两个支撑柱固定，“L”形环形圆柱孔、圆台、支撑柱为一体式铸造。
进一步，所述阶梯孔一(11)，直径10mm，深10mm，阶梯孔二，直径9mm，深4mm，圆台的圆柱部分保持不变，所述圆台的圆锥部铸造时去除多余材料以降低压力流量一体化智能检测装置重量。
进一步，所述的前置放大器(6)由永久磁钢、铁芯、线圈及放大整形电路组成，封装成一体式，通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)底部正下中间的M15螺纹与壳体连接，并通过引线输出周期切割磁力线产生电信号，封装形式的前置放大器(6)底端四个引脚分别对应信号输出、电源输入、屏蔽网及放大器接地线。
进一步，所述标定系统由压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、单向阀(39)、过滤器(37)、流量调节阀(31)、比例溢流阀(29)、压力调节阀(30)、泵(28)、水箱(27)、喷头(38)、电磁阀(34)、CYT 101型压力变送器(32)、量筒(35)和电子天平(36)组成；所述比例溢流阀(29)、CYT 101型压力变送器(32)、泵(28)、流量控调节阀(31)、电磁阀(34)均和控制单元(26)相连；
所述的水箱(27)底部和侧面一定高度位置分别设置有出水口和回流口，顶部正中央设置有注水口；水箱(27)通过底部出水口与泵(28)的进液口相连，且水箱(27)底部出水口与泵(28)之间设有过滤器(37)，同时通过侧面的回流口与比例溢流阀(29)连接； 泵(28)出液口通过管路一方面与比例溢流阀(29)一端相连，另一方面与压力调节阀(30)相连；所述的压力调节阀(30)与流量调节阀(31)阀端相连，用于控制比例溢流阀(29)到流量控调节阀(31)之间的压差，且保持经过定差减压阀输出的液体压力保持一个恒定的数值；所述流量调节阀(31)与单向阀(39)相连；所述压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)在入水口端分别连接CYT 101型压力变送器(32)和单向阀(39)，压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)另一端与电磁阀(34)连接，所述的电磁阀(34)与其串联的喷头(38)连接，在控制器(25)作用下，高速开关电磁阀(34)开启和关闭，从而控制喷头(38)的工作状态，当电磁阀(34)开启时对应，对应喷头(38)工作；当电磁阀(34)关闭时，对应喷头(38)停止工作，喷头(38)的下端设置有量筒(35)和电子天平(36)。
本发明一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法，流量的检测原理为：当被测流体流经压力流量一体化智能检测装置时，在流体的作用下，叶轮受力旋转，叶轮转速与流体平均流速成正比，同时，叶片周期性地切割电磁铁产生的磁力线，改变线圈的磁通量，根据电磁感应原理，在线圈内将感应出电脉冲信号，此电脉动信号的频率与被测流体的流量成正比。电脉冲信号经过放大整形之后可以形成具有一定幅度的连续矩形脉冲波，在一定的流量范围里面脉冲频率f和涡轮流量计的瞬时流量Q成正比，即
Figure PCTCN2021086751-appb-000001
其中：f为脉冲信号Hz，k为仪表系数1/m 3，可通过标定结果得出，若单位为1/L，则：
Figure PCTCN2021086751-appb-000002
Q为流体的瞬时流量(工作状态下)m 3/h，3600为换算系数。
药液压力检测选用市售高性价比的压敏电阻压力传感器，根据压阻效应原理，药液压力变化引起基片电阻值变化，通过信号变换和标定，获得药液压力和传感器电参数之间的数学模型，从而实现药液压力的实时、准确检测。
一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的采集
对喷雾机管路内流量、压力进行检测前，必须对压力流量一体化智能检测装置进行标定，考虑到喷雾机作业过程中，药液压力和流量的范围分别在0.3～0.5Mpa和1～3L/min之间，喷雾机药液压力流量的工作区间需包含于标定过程所选取的标定范围之内，保证标定的压力流量范围满足喷雾机工作需求，具体标定步骤包括：
1)、用水代替喷杆中的药剂并预先存储在水箱当中，将比例溢流阀设定为0.5Mpa，在 泵的作用下，水从水箱流主管路当中，流经压力调节阀、流量调节阀、单向阀与压力流量一体化智能检测装置，调节压力调节阀以改变两端压差，流量调节阀可以改变管路内流经压力流量一体化智能检测装置的流量保持一个稳定值。
2)、在预先设定的压力条件下，通过控制流量调节阀开度从100％以5％的步长逐渐减小到10％，在每种开度下连续喷雾30s，同时分别用2000mL的量筒和精度为±0.1g的电子天平记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量，并记录由流量检测单元中前置放大器输出的对应矩形波信号频率f，以同样的方式使流量调节阀开度从10％以5％的步长逐渐增加到100％，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次。记录采集的数据，并将数据存储于U盘当中。
3)、在预先设定的流量调节阀开度下，设定比例溢流阀最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀，使压力设定值从0.1Mpa以0.05Mpa的步长逐步增加到0.5Mpa，进行喷雾30s。以同样的方式设定比例溢流阀最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀，使压力设定值从0.5Mpa以以0.05Mpa的步长逐步减少到0.1Mpa，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次。这样可以通过在同一流量下，通过改变管路内压力的大小，检测出压力流量一体化智能检测装置中压力检测单元输出的电信号以及已经标定过的CYT101型压力变送器所输出的数值，并将数据存储与U盘当中。
步骤二：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的抗干扰处理及曲线拟合
由于步骤一在采集数据信号的过程当中存在噪声，故采取抗干扰处理去消除由于采集数据信号时产生的噪声，对经过抗干扰处理的数据信号进行拟合，得出输出的电信号量与待测压力、流量之间的数学关系模型。
1)、对步骤一采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行滤波分析，去除信号数据采集过程当中由于压力流量一体化智能检测装置的标定系统的振动的干扰、阀口打开时的瞬时冲击的干扰、压力检测单元和流量检测单元集成安装的干扰及其它干扰影响而采集的数据奇异值，获取可靠、真实的有效数据。
2)、通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置的流量检测单元的原理可知，电脉冲信号经过放大整形之后可以形成具有一定幅度的连续矩形脉冲波，在一定的流量范围里面脉冲频率f和涡轮流量计的瞬时流量Q成正比，通过记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量大小，计算出连续工作30s情况下的喷雾机管路内流量Q的大小，以及由抗干扰处理后输出的矩形脉冲波信号频率f，通过计算可以得到仪表系数k的值，从而得出前置放大器输出的矩形波信号频率f与管路内流量Q的数学模型，实际标定得出的数学模型会存在一定的差异，不会 影响原理当中输出频率f与流量Q的正比关系，并存储在控制器当中。
3)、用最小二乘法的方式消除由于压力检测单元与流量检测单元集成于压力流量一体化智能检测装置上所导致的安装在压力流量一体化智能检测装置上的CYT101型压力变送器的数据信号检测误差，得出压力流量一体化智能检测装置输出信号与喷杆管路内压力的数学模型，具体实施方式如下：
安装在标定管路当中已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器的输出数值Y i(i＝1,2,....,150)，其中Y i为已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器输出的喷雾机管路内压力值，压力流量一体化智能检测装置中压力检测单元输出的经过线性变换和抗干扰处理的电信号X j(j＝1,2,....,150)，对Y i和X j采用最小二乘法进行拟合。将拟合出的压力检测单元输出的电信号与管路内压力值建立数学模型，并存储在控制器当中。
步骤三：喷雾机管路内压力流量数据的实时采集
将压力流量一体化智能检测装置安装与喷雾机管路当中，并将喷雾机开到田间，启动控制单元，启动喷杆在不同喷雾流量和喷雾压力下进行喷雾作业实验，通过引线将压力检测单元和流量检测单元的实时数据信号发送到控制器，并将数据存储与U盘当中，存储于U盘当中的信号数据进行抗干扰处理。
步骤四：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的抗干扰处理
对步骤三采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行滤波分析，去除由于喷雾机进行田间作业时振动产生的干扰，田间道路不平喷雾机行进颠簸产生的干扰及其他干扰而采集数据的奇异值，获取真实、可靠的有效数据。
步骤五：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的显示与存储
对步骤四当中进行抗干扰处理的数据，发送到控制单元，即可以通过由标定系统得到的输出信号与喷雾机压力流量的数学模型计算出喷雾机田间工作时的压力流量数据，并发送到触摸屏进行显示。并将触摸屏实时显示的数据存储于U盘当中，可用于喷雾机工作后对田间工作中喷雾机稳定性进行分析。
本发明的有益效果
(1)与传统喷雾机的喷杆流量与压力检测方式相比，采用本发明压力流量一体化智能检测装置，在喷雾机作业过程中，可以实现喷杆内液体的压力、流量的快速、精准、实时检测。
(2)与传统喷雾机的喷杆流量、压力采用独立结构的工业传感器检测的方式相比具有结构紧凑、体积小、低成本、对农业环境适应性强、安装便捷、布线简单、便于维修、传 感器漂移校正简便、检测数据传输实时性好等优点。
附图说明
图1为压力流量一体化智能检测装置结构图；(a)为剖面图；(b)为内部结构图；
图2为压力流量一体化智能检测装置控制单元示意图；
图3为压力流量一体化智能检测装置的标定示意图；
其中：1-压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体；2-涨圈；3-前(后)导向元件；4-球轴承；5-轴承；6-前置放大器；7-轴；8-叶轮；9-CYT 101型压力变送器；10-连接孔；11-阶梯孔一；12-阶梯孔二；13-U盘；14-触摸屏；15-RS485接口；16-DC升压模块；17-12V DC电源；18-压力检测单元；19-流量检测单元；20-模拟量采集模块；21-A/D转换接口A；22-A/D转换接口B；23-A/D转换接口C；24-A/D转换接口D；25-控制器；26-控制单元；27-水箱；28-泵；29-比例溢流阀；30-压力调节阀；31-流量调节阀；32-CYT 101型压力变送器；33-压力流量一体化智能检测装置；34-电磁阀；35-量筒；36-电子天平；37-过滤器；38-喷头；39-单向阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施方案进行详细描述。
如图1所示，该压力流量一体化智能检测装置主体部分，主要包括：1-压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体；2-涨圈；3-前导向原件；4-球轴承；5-轴承；6-前置放大器；7-轴；8-叶轮；9-CYT 101型压力变送器；10-连接孔组成。
所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1由不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti制成。形状为管状，且为左右对称式，整体长度为190mm，外圆周直径为70mm，内孔直径为50mm。两端分别加工出法兰，法兰部分直径为150mm，厚度20mm，在法兰上布置4个大小相同的连接孔10，均匀分布在直径为125mm的圆周上，连接孔10的直径为18mm，采用螺纹连接的方式使压力流量一体化智能检测装置33与喷杆喷雾机管路相连接。两端法兰端面进行扩孔加工，加工孔的直径为60mm，长度为10mm，在距两端法兰端面4mm处分别加工出直径为70mm，宽度为6mm的环状矩形凹槽，用于安装涨圈2及前(后)导向元件3。在距壳体右端面63mm处的壳体外圆周上有一直径为30mm，高度为10mm的凸台，凸台部分加工出M 20的内螺纹通孔，目的在于采用螺纹连接的方式安装CYT 101型压力变送器9。在壳体的正下方中间位置加工出M15的螺纹通孔，轴线与M20的内螺纹同一平面，目的在于采用螺纹连接的方式安装前置放大器6；压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)能够实 现压力检测单元(18)、流量检测单元(19)对压力和流量检测的功能。
所述的涨圈2材料为青铜，开口方式为斜口，公称尺寸为70mm，宽度为6mm，厚度为2mm，在壳体的左右两个加工出的凹槽中分别安装有涨圈2，涨圈2的一个端面与加工凹槽贴合，另一个端面与前(后)导向元件3的底部端面贴合，在涨圈2本身的涨紧性作用下形成密封，使前(后)导向元件3贴合于加工凹槽的表面，使前(后)导向元件3在工作时不产生轴向位置上的运动；
所述的前(后)导向元件3由不导磁的铝合金以铸造的方式制成，形状为一个由“L”旋转形成的环形圆柱孔，环形圆柱孔顶部有一同轴圆台，通过上下两个支撑柱固定，“L”形环形圆柱孔、圆台、支撑柱为一体式铸造，与凹槽面贴合的底端部分直径为60mm，内孔直径为42mm，厚度为4mm，在涨圈涨紧性的作用下一端与凹槽贴合，另一端与涨圈端面贴合。前(后)导向元件3圆柱部分壁厚为4mm，与壳体内孔安装时贴合部分直径为50mm，内孔部分直径为42mm，长度为44mm，在前(后)导向元件3顶端部分，有用于安装轴承5与球轴承4的原件，与环形圆柱为一个整体，轴线与环形圆柱重合，形状为一圆台(由直角梯形旋转而成)，圆柱部分保持不变，圆锥部铸造时去除多余材料以降低压力流量一体化智能检测装置重量，在与环形孔铸造成一体时，铸造出两个位于同一平面的支撑柱，与圆锥部分相连接。圆台长度为40mm，圆柱部分长度为15mm，直径为20mm，底部加工有两个同轴阶梯孔，阶梯孔一(11)，直径10mm，深10mm，阶梯孔二，直径9mm，深4mm，阶梯孔一(11)采用过盈配合的方式与轴承(5)外圈进行安装，阶梯孔二(12)采用间隙配合的方式与球轴承(4)进行安装；
所述的球轴承(4)选用标准的微型硬质合金止推轴承(f系列止推轴承)，采用型号为F4-9M,，采用间隙配合的方式安装在阶梯孔二(12)中，球轴承(4)一端与阶梯孔二(12)的内壁相接触，球轴承(4)另一端与轴(7)端接触，承受液体带动叶轮(8)旋转时的轴向力；
所述的轴承(5)选用标准的滑动轴承(空心套型轴承)，采用型号为0810，安装在阶梯孔一(11)中，轴承(5)采用过盈配合的方式与阶梯孔一(11)进行安装，轴承(5)内孔采用间隙配合的方式与轴(7)进行安装，使轴(7)可进行周向回转运动；
所述的前置放大器6由永久磁钢、铁芯、线圈及放大整形电路组成，封装成一体式，通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1底部正下中间的M15螺纹与壳体连接，并通过引线输出周期切割磁力线产生电信号，封装形式的前置放大器6底端四个引脚分别对应信号输出、电源输入、屏蔽网(接线与压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1相连接)及放大器 接地线；
所述的轴7由不锈钢2Cr13制成，轴7为一阶梯轴，长68mm，直径8mm，在轴的中间加工出外径20mm，宽度为15mm的一个阶梯，轴7的两端圆周部分分别与轴承5相配合，轴7的两端面与球轴承4相接触，阶梯部分与叶轮8内孔采用过渡配合的方式进行安装；
所述的叶轮8由高导磁材料Cr17Ni2制成，叶轮为螺旋叶片，在圆周上均匀分布着12个螺旋叶片，安装于轴7的中间，叶轮8外圈直径为25mm，内圈直径为20mm，叶片高度为11.5mm，宽度为15mm，叶片倾角为30°，叶轮8的内孔与轴7的阶梯部分采用过渡配合的方式进行安装；
所述的CYT 101型压力变送器9由北京天宇恒创有限公司生产的标准压力变送器，CYT 101型压力变送器9通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1上加工出的M 20的螺纹孔与压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1采用螺纹连接的方式安装。
如图2所示，该控制单元26包括控制器25、模拟量采集模块20、U盘13、触摸屏14、DC升压模块16和12V DC电源17。
所述的控制器25为西门子的6ES7 216-2BD23-0XB8，其内部集成有RS485接口15，与模拟量采集模块20通过拓展连接线PPI连接；
所述的模拟量采集模块20为西门子的6ES7 235-0KD22-0XB8，其内部集成有A/D转换接口A 21、A/D转换接口B 22、A/D转换接口C 23和A/D转换接口D 24四个转换接口；
所述的触摸屏14为西门子Smart IE 700V3触摸屏，触摸屏14上集成有RS485通信口和USB接口，触摸屏14通过RS485总线与控制器25的RS485接口13连接，用于显示实时采集的喷杆喷雾机管路内压力数据与流量数据；
所述的U盘13通过触摸屏14上的USB接口与触摸屏14连接，用于存储采集的喷杆喷雾机内管路压力、流量数据；
所述的压力检测单元18、流量检测单元19分别与模拟量采集模块的A/D转换接口A 21、A/D转换接口B 22连接；
所述的12V DC电源17为喷雾机上蓄电池为流量检测单元19供电，通过DC升压模块16将12V DC电压转变为24V DC电压，为压力检测单元18、控制器25和触摸屏14供电；
所述的DC升压模块16为MDF150-12S24升压转换器。
该发明一种低成本压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法中。压力检测单元18采用的是 北京天宇恒创有限公司生产的CYT 101型压力变送器，是一类标准的压力变送器，采用螺纹连接的方式安装在压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体1上，在进行标定的时候应当将压力流量一体化智能检测装置33整体安装于标定系统中。
如图3所示，标定系统由压力流量一体化智能检测装置33、单向阀39、过滤器37、流量调节阀31、比例溢流阀29、压力调节阀30、泵28、水箱27、控制单元26、喷头38、电磁阀34、CYT 101型压力变送器32、量筒35和电子天平36组成。此标定系统可以模拟压力流量一体化智能检测装置33在田间工作时的工况。
所述的水箱27采用不透光的塑料制造，水箱27底部和侧面一定高度位置分别设置有出水口和回流口，顶部正中央设置有注水口；水箱通过底部出水口与泵28相连，同时通过侧面的回流口与比例溢流阀29连接；
所述的泵28为RS-360SH型齿轮泵，泵28进液口通过管路与水箱27底部的出水口相连，泵28出液口通过管路一方面与比例溢流阀29一端相连，另一方面与压力调节阀30相连；
所述的比例溢流阀29选用德国博世力士乐股份公司生产的DBEE6-1X/50型先导式比例溢流阀，其一端通过管路与水箱27回流口相连，另一端同时与压力调节阀30相连；
所述的压力调节阀30选用德国博世力士乐股份公司生产的DR20-30/31.5型先导式定差减压阀，其一端通过管路与比例溢流29的出水口连接，另一端同时与流量调节阀31阀端相连，用于控制比例溢流阀29到流量控调节阀31之间的压差，且保持经过定差减压阀输出的液体压力保持一个恒定的数值；
所述流量调节阀31选用德国博世力士乐REXROTH流量控制阀，其一端与压力调节阀30入水口；
所述压力流量一体化智能检测装置33，在入水口端分别连接CYT 101型压力变送器32、单向阀39，另一端与电磁阀34连接；
所述的过滤器37安装在标定系统的主管路上；
所述CYT 101型压力变送器32由北京天宇恒创有限公司生产,为一般喷杆喷雾机装置上使用已标定的压力传感器，通过螺纹连接安装在流量调节阀31与压力流量一体化智能检测装置33之间的管路上；
所述的电磁阀36选用6013型直动式电磁阀高速开关电磁阀，其一端与其串联的喷头38连接，另一端与压力流量一体化智能检测装置33连接，在控制器25作用下，高速开关电磁阀34开启和关闭，从而控制喷头38的工作状态。当电磁阀34开启时对应，对应喷头 38工作；当电磁阀34关闭时，对应喷头38停止工作；
所述的喷头38选用德国Lechler公司生产的TR80-05型圆锥雾喷头，连接到与其相串联的高速开关电磁阀34上。
一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的采集
对喷雾机管路内流量、压力进行检测前，必须对压力流量一体化智能检测装置33进行标定，考虑到喷雾机作业过程中，药液压力和流量的范围分别在0.3～0.5Mpa和1～3L/min之间，喷雾机药液压力流量的工作区间需包含于标定过程所选取的标定范围之内，保证标定的压力流量范围满足喷雾机工作需求，具体标定步骤包括：
1)、用水代替喷杆中的药剂并预先存储在水箱27当中，将比例溢流阀29设定为0.5Mpa，在泵28的作用下，水从水箱27流主管路当中，流经压力调节阀30、流量调节阀31、单向阀39与压力流量一体化智能检测装置33，调节压力调节阀30以改变两端压差，流量调节阀31以改变管路内流经压力流量一体化智能检测装置33的流量保持一个稳定值；
2)、在预先设定的压力条件下，通过控制流量调节阀31开度从100％以5％的步长逐渐减小到10％，在每种开度下连续喷雾30s，同时分别用2000mL的量筒35和精度为±0.1g的电子天平36记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量，并记录由流量检测单元19中前置放大器6输出的对应矩形波信号频率f，以同样的方式使流量调节阀31开度从10％以5％的步长逐渐增加到100％，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次。记录采集的数据，并将数据存储于U盘11当中；
3)、在预先设定的流量调节阀31开度下，设定比例溢流阀29最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀30，使压力设定值从0.1Mpa以0.05Mpa的步长逐步增加到0.5Mpa，进行喷雾30s。以同样的方式设定比例溢流阀29最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀30，使压力设定值从0.5Mpa以0.05Mpa的步长逐步减少到0.1Mpa，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次。这样可以通过在同一流量下，通过改变管路内压力的大小，检测出压力流量一体化智能检测装置33中压力检测单元18输出的电信号及已标定过的CYT101型压力变送器32所得出的数值，并将数据存储与U盘11当中。
步骤二：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的抗干扰处理及线性拟合
由于步骤一在采集数据信号的过程当中存在噪声，故采取抗干扰处理去消除由于采集数据信号时产生的噪声，对经过抗干扰处理的数据信号进行拟合，得出输出的电信号量与待测压力、流量之间的数学模型。
1)、对步骤一采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行滤波分析，去除信号数据采集过程当中由于压力流量一体化智能检测装置的标定系统的振动的干扰、阀口打开时的瞬时冲击的干扰、压力检测单元18和流量检测单元19集成安装的干扰及其它干扰影响而采集的数据奇异值，获取可靠、真实的有效数据；
2)、通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置33的流量检测单元19的原理可知，电脉冲信号经过放大整形之后可以形成具有一定幅度的连续矩形脉冲波，在一定的流量范围里面脉冲频率f和管路内的瞬时流量Q成正比，通过记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量大小，计算出连续工作30s情况下的喷雾机管路内流量Q的大小，以及由抗干扰处理后输出的矩形脉冲波信号频率f，通过计算可以得到仪表系数k的值，从而得出前置放大器输出的矩形波信号频率f与管路内流量Q的数学模型，实际标定得出的数学模型会存在一定的差异，不会影响原理当中输出频率f与流量Q的正比关系，并存储在控制器25当中；
3)、用最小二乘法的方式消除由于压力检测单元20与流量检测单元21集成于压力流量一体化智能检测装置33上所导致的安装在压力流量一体化智能检测装置33上的CYT101型压力变送器9的数据信号检测误差，得出压力流量一体化智能检测装置33输出信号与喷杆管路内压力的数学模型表达式，具体实施方式如下：
安装在标定管路当中已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器32的输出数值Y i(i＝1,2,....,150)，其中Yi为已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器32输出的喷雾机管路内
压力值，压力流量一体化智能检测装置33中压力检测单元18输出的经过线性变换和抗干扰处理的电信号X j(j＝1,2,....,150)，对Y i和X j采用最小二乘法进行拟合。将拟合出的压力检测单元18输出的电信号与管路内压力值建立数学模型，并存储在控制器23当中。
步骤三：喷雾机管路内压力流量的实时检测数据采集
将压力流量一体化智能检测装置33安装于喷杆喷雾机管路当中，并将喷雾机开到田间，启动控制单元26，启动喷杆在不同喷雾流量和喷雾压力下进行喷雾作业实验，通过引线将压力检测单元18和流量检测单元19的实时数据信号发送到控制器25，并将数据存储于U盘11当中，存储于U盘11当中的信号数据随后进行抗干扰处理。
步骤四：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的抗干扰处理
对步骤三采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行滤波分析，去除由于喷雾机进行田间作业时振动产生的干扰，田间道路不平喷雾机行进颠簸产生的干扰及其他干扰而采集数据的奇异值，获取真实、可靠的有效数据。
步骤五：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的显示与存储
对步骤四当中进行抗干扰处理的数据，发送到控制单元26，即可以通过由标定系统得到的输出信号与喷雾机压力流量的数学模型计算出喷雾机田间工作时的实时压力流量数据，并发送到触摸屏14进行显示。并将触摸屏14显示的实时数据存储于U盘13当中，可用于喷雾机工作后对田间工作中喷雾机稳定性进行分析。
本发明一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置及方法的工作过程：
喷雾机开始喷雾作业前，启动喷杆压力流量实时检测系统，进行开机自检，自检通过后，利用触摸屏14设置喷杆工作时的压力、流量等参数，然后通过控制器25的作用下，通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置35对喷雾机工作过程当中的压力、流量数据进行动态采集，通过对采集数据的抗干扰处理、数据转换，得出喷雾机工作过程当中的实际流量、压力的值，并将测得的压力、流量值存储与U盘13，并在触摸屏14实时显示。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，包括压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、控制单元(26)和标定系统，所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)是用于检测喷雾机压力和流量的装置；控制单元(26)分别和压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、标定系统相连接，在控制单元(26)作用下标定系统用于模拟压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)在田间工作时的工作参数变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)由压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)、涨圈(2)、前(后)导向元件(3)、球轴承(4)、轴承(5)、前置放大器(6)、轴(7)、叶轮(8)、CYT 101型压力变送器(9)、连接孔(10)组成；
    所述的压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)形状为管状，且为左右对称式，两端分别加工出法兰，两端法兰与喷杆喷雾机管路相连接，两端法兰端面加工出环状矩形凹槽，用于安装涨圈(2)及前(后)导向元件(3)，在距压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)一端面的壳体外圆周上有一凸台，凸台通过螺纹连接CYT 101型压力变送器(9)，在压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)的正下方中间位置采用螺纹连接的方式安装前置放大器(6)；在前(后)导向元件(3)顶端部分，轴向相对各设置一个用于安装轴承(5)与球轴承(4)的圆台，圆台的圆柱底部加工有两个同轴阶梯孔，阶梯孔一(11)和阶梯孔二(12)，阶梯孔一(11)采用过盈配合的方式与轴承(5)外圈进行安装，阶梯孔二(12)采用间隙配合的方式与球轴承(4)进行安装；球轴承(4)一端与轴(7)端接触，承受液体带动叶轮(8)旋转时的轴向力；轴承(5)内孔采用间隙配合的方式与轴(7)进行安装，使轴(7)可进行周向回转运动；所述的轴(7)为一阶梯轴，阶梯部分与叶轮(8)内孔采用过渡配合的方式进行安装。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述的涨圈(2)材料为青铜，开口方式为斜口，在壳体的左右两个加工出的凹槽中分别安装有涨圈(2)，涨圈(2)的一个端面与加工凹槽贴合，另一个端面与前(后)导向元件(3)的底部端面贴合，在涨圈(2)本身的涨紧性作用下形成密封，使前(后)导向元件(3)贴合于加工凹槽的表面，使前(后)导向元件(3)在工作时不产生轴向位置上的运动。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在 于，所述的前(后)导向元件(3)由不导磁的铝合金以铸造的方式制成，分布在轴(7)两端，形状为一个由“L”旋转形成的环形圆柱孔，环形圆柱孔顶部有一同轴圆台，通过上下两个支撑柱固定，“L”形环形圆柱孔、圆台、支撑柱为一体式铸造。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述阶梯孔一(11)，直径10mm，深10mm，阶梯孔二，直径9mm，深4mm，所述圆台的圆柱部分保持不变，所述圆台的圆锥部铸造时去除多余材料以降低压力流量一体化智能检测装置重量。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述的前置放大器(6)由永久磁钢、铁芯、线圈及放大整形电路组成，封装成一体式，通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置壳体(1)底部正下中间的M15螺纹与壳体连接，并通过引线输出周期切割磁力线产生电信号，封装形式的前置放大器(6)底端四个引脚分别对应信号输出、电源输入、屏蔽网及放大器接地线。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述的控制单元(26)包括控制器(25)、模拟量采集模块(20)、U盘(13)、触摸屏(14)、DC升压模块(16)和12VDC电源(17)；所述控制器(25)分别和模拟量采集模块(20)、触摸屏(14)、DC升压模块(16)相连，所述模拟量采集模块(20)分别和压力检测单元(18)、流量检测单元(19)相连，所述触摸屏(14)又和U盘(13)相连，所述升压模块(16)又和12VDC电源(17)相连。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述标定系统由压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)、单向阀(39)、过滤器(37)、流量调节阀(31)、比例溢流阀(29)、压力调节阀(30)、泵(28)、水箱(27)、喷头(38)、电磁阀(34)、CYT101型压力变送器(32)、量筒(35)和电子天平(36)组成；
    所述比例溢流阀(29)、CYT101型压力变送器(32)、泵(28)、流量控调节阀(31)、电磁阀(34)均和控制单元(26)相连；
    所述的水箱(27)底部和侧面一定高度位置分别设置有出水口和回流口，顶部正中央设置有注水口；水箱(27)通过底部出水口与泵(28)的进液口相连，且水箱(27)底部出水口与泵(28)之间设有过滤器(37)，同时通过侧面的回流口与比例溢流阀(29)连接；泵(28)出液口通过管路一方面与比例溢流阀(29)一端相连，另一方面与压力调节阀(30)相连；所述的压力调节阀(30)与流量调节阀(31)阀端相连，用于控制比例溢流阀(29)到流量控调节阀(31)之间的压差，且保持经过定差减压阀输出的液体压力保持一个恒定 的数值；所述流量调节阀(31)与单向阀(39)相连；所述压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)在入水口端分别连接CYT 101型压力变送器(32)和单向阀(39)，压力流量一体化智能检测装置(33)另一端与电磁阀(34)连接，所述的电磁阀(34)与其串联的喷头(38)连接，在控制器(25)作用下，高速开关电磁阀(34)开启和关闭，从而控制喷头(38)的工作状态，当电磁阀(34)开启时对应，对应喷头(38)工作；当电磁阀(34)关闭时，对应喷头(38)停止工作，喷头(38)的下端设置有量筒(35)和电子天平(36)。
  9. 一种低成本喷雾压力流量一体化智能检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的采集；
    对喷雾机管路内流量、压力进行检测前，必须对压力流量一体化智能检测装置进行标定，考虑到喷雾机作业过程中，药液压力和流量的范围分别在0.3～0.5Mpa和1～3L/min之间，喷雾机药液压力流量的工作区间需包含于标定过程所选取的标定范围之内，保证标定的压力流量范围满足喷雾机工作需求，具体标定步骤包括：
    1)、用水代替喷杆中的药剂并预先存储在水箱当中，将比例溢流阀设定为0.5Mpa，在泵的作用下，水从水箱流主管路当中，流经压力调节阀、流量调节阀、单向阀与压力流量一体化智能检测装置，调节压力调节阀以改变两端压差，流量调节阀可以改变管路内流经压力流量一体化智能检测装置的流量保持一个稳定值；
    2)、在预先设定的压力条件下，通过控制流量调节阀开度从100％以5％的步长逐渐减小到10％，在每种开度下连续喷雾30s，同时分别用2000mL的量筒和精度为±0.1g的电子天平记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量，并记录由前置放大器输出的对应矩形波信号频率f，以同样的方式使流量调节阀开度从10％以5％的步长逐渐增加到100％，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次，记录采集的数据，并将数据存储于U盘当中；
    3)、在预先设定的流量调节阀开度下，设定比例溢流阀最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀，使压力设定值从0.1Mpa以0.05Mpa的步长逐步增加到0.5Mpa，进行喷雾30s；以同样的方式设定比例溢流阀最大压力为0.5Mpa，通过手动调节压力调节阀，使压力设定值从0.5Mpa以0.05Mpa的步长逐步减少到0.1Mpa，得出反向行程数据，正反行程各进行三次；这样可以通过在同一流量下，通过改变管路内压力的大小，检测出压力流量一体化智能检测装置中压力检测单元输出的电信号以及已经标定过的CYT101型压力变送器所输出的数值，并将数据存储与U盘当中；
    步骤二：压力流量一体化智能检测装置标定数据的抗干扰处理及曲线拟合；过程如下：
    1)、对步骤一采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行 滤波分析，去除信号数据采集过程当中由于压力流量一体化智能检测装置的标定系统的振动的干扰、阀口打开时的瞬时冲击的干扰、压力检测单元和流量检测单元集成安装的干扰及其它干扰影响而采集的数据奇异值，获取可靠、真实的有效数据；
    2)、通过压力流量一体化智能检测装置的流量检测单元的原理可知，电脉冲信号经过放大整形之后可以形成具有一定幅度的连续矩形脉冲波，在一定的流量范围里面脉冲频率f和涡轮流量计的瞬时流量Q成正比，通过记录喷头喷出的水的体积和质量大小，计算出连续工作30s情况下的管路内流量Q的大小，以及由抗干扰处理后输出的矩形脉冲波信号频率f，通过计算可以得到仪表系数k的值，从而得出前置放大器输出的矩形波信号频率f与管路内流量Q的数学模型，实际标定得出的数学模型会存在一定的差异，不会影响原理当中输出频率f与流量Q的正比关系，并存储在控制器当中；
    3)、用最小二乘法的方式消除由于压力检测单元与流量检测单元集成于压力流量一体化智能检测装置上所导致的安装在压力流量一体化智能检测装置上的CYT 101型压力变送器的数据信号检测误差，得出压力流量一体化智能检测装置输出信号与喷杆管路内压力的数学模型，具体实施方式如下：
    安装在标定管路当中已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器的输出数值Y i(i＝1,2,....,150)，其中Y i为已经标定的CYT101型压力变送器输出的喷雾机管路内压力值，压力流量一体化智能检测装置中压力检测单元输出的经过线性变换和抗干扰处理的电信号X j(j＝1,2,....,150)，对Y i和X j采用最小二乘法进行拟合，将拟合出的压力检测单元输出的电信号与管路内压力值建立数学模型，并存储在控制器当中；
    步骤三：喷雾机管路内压力流量数据的实时采集；
    将压力流量一体化智能检测装置安装于喷杆喷雾机管路当中，并将喷雾机开到田间，启动控制单元，启动喷杆在不同喷雾流量和喷雾压力下进行喷雾作业实验，通过引线将压力检测单元和流量检测单元的实时数据信号发送到控制器，并将数据存储与U盘当中，存储于U盘当中的信号数据随后进行抗干扰处理；
    步骤四：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的抗干扰处理；
    对步骤三采集的数据，采用限幅滤波、中值滤波、滑动平均滤波方法对数据进行滤波分析，去除由于喷雾机进行田间作业时振动产生的干扰，田间道路不平喷雾机行进颠簸产生的干扰及其他干扰而采集数据的奇异值，获取真实、可靠的有效数据；
    步骤五：喷雾机管路内压力流量实时检测数据的显示与存储；
    对步骤四当中进行抗干扰处理的数据，发送到控制单元，即可以通过由标定系统得到的输出信号与喷雾机压力流量的数学模型计算出喷雾机田间工作时的实时压力流量数据，并发送到触摸屏进行显示，并将触摸屏实时显示的实时数据存储于U盘当中，可用于喷雾机工作后对田间工作中喷雾机稳定性进行分析。
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