WO2021254309A1 - 自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法与装置 - Google Patents

自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2021254309A1
WO2021254309A1 PCT/CN2021/100042 CN2021100042W WO2021254309A1 WO 2021254309 A1 WO2021254309 A1 WO 2021254309A1 CN 2021100042 W CN2021100042 W CN 2021100042W WO 2021254309 A1 WO2021254309 A1 WO 2021254309A1
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imaging
aberration
sub
correction
line beam
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French (fr)
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何益
陈一巍
邢利娜
孔文
史国华
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中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所
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Priority to EP21827013.0A priority Critical patent/EP4050556B1/en
Priority to US17/904,173 priority patent/US20230100817A1/en
Priority to JP2022531633A priority patent/JP7349025B2/ja
Publication of WO2021254309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254309A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/80—Geometric correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/0012—Surgical microscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0025—Operational features thereof characterised by electronic signal processing, e.g. eye models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/1015—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for wavefront analysis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
    • G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
    • G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
    • G02B21/0072—Optical details of the image generation details concerning resolution or correction, including general design of CSOM objectives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/105—Scanning systems with one or more pivoting mirrors or galvano-mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0031—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for scanning purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4038—Image mosaicing, e.g. composing plane images from plane sub-images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/73—Deblurring; Sharpening
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of adaptive optics high-resolution imaging, and in particular to a method and device for non-isoplanar aberration correction of adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging.
  • adaptive optics technology is introduced into the field of retinal optical imaging.
  • Using adaptive optics to measure and correct the aberrations of the eye optical system can achieve high-resolution imaging of the fundus retina, and can clearly distinguish micrometers. Grade capillaries, visual cells and other tissues.
  • the aberration measurement and correction of adaptive optics technology can only be effective in an angular range near the center of the field of view. This angular range is defined as the "iso-halo zone" where the adaptive optics correction range is limited. Aberrations can be completely corrected by adaptive optics, and non-isoplanar aberrations that exceed the isometric zone can only be partially corrected by adaptive optics.
  • adaptive optics When adaptive optics is applied to fundus retinal imaging, the isobaric area of the eye is generally considered to be no more than 2° field of view. At present, almost all adaptive optics retinal high-resolution imaging systems have an imaging field of less than 2°, which is only equivalent In a small area on the retina.
  • Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics was applied to the field of astronomical observation, and was successfully used for retinal flood lighting for the first time in 2009
  • MCAO Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics
  • the imaging system multiple wavefront sensors and multiple wavefront correctors are used to achieve 7° field of view image difference area measurement and sub-area simultaneous correction.
  • the MCAO technology system has a huge structure, high technical cost, cross-linking of adjacent iso-halo zone aberrations, high complexity of closed-loop control of multiple sets of aberration correction, and slow imaging speed. More importantly, MCAO technology is only suitable for non-scanning flood lighting imaging systems, and there is no report on its application in scanning imaging systems.
  • this application proposes a wide field of view non-isotropic image differential time and sub-region correction method and device for a line beam scanning imaging system, without adding an adaptive optical wavefront sensor and a wavefront corrector.
  • the non-isoplanar aberration in the scanning direction of the line beam is corrected by time-sharing aberration measurement and closed-loop correction, and the non-isoplanar aberration in the direction of the line beam is supplemented and corrected by the image processing of the sub-regions, thereby realizing the wide field of view Full correction of halo aberrations.
  • the wide-field non-isoplanar image difference time and sub-region correction method and device proposed in this application require only a single wavefront sensor and a single wavefront corrector to complete wide-field aberration correction, and hardly increase any system complexity. , It is extremely practical and innovative.
  • the technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a non-isoplanar aberration correction method for adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging. Time-sharing correction for iso-halo zone aberrations and regional correction of non-iso-halo zone aberrations in the direction of the line beam.
  • the method for time-sharing correction of non-isoplanar aberration in the scanning direction of the line beam specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 According to the scanning time, the imaging area of the non-isohalo zone is divided into a plurality of sub-imaging areas in the scanning direction, including sub-imaging area 1, sub-imaging area 2,..., sub-imaging area N, and the sub-imaging area is in the scan
  • the size of the field of view in the direction does not exceed 2°;
  • Step S2 The aberration of each sub-imaging area is measured by the wavefront sensor in turn, and the wavefront corrector is feedback-controlled in turn, and the closed-loop correction of the aberration of each sub-imaging area is completed in turn;
  • the multiple sub-imaging areas can be equally divided or non-uniformly divided; N is a positive integer.
  • the field of view of each sub-imaging area in the scanning direction is 2°.
  • the method for subregional correction of non-isoplanar aberration in the direction of the line beam specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step T1 Divide each sub-imaging area into two image correction areas on both sides of the central area along the line beam direction: a first image correction area and a second image correction area;
  • the area range of the first image correction area in the line beam direction is -1° to -M°, and the area range of the second image correction area in the line beam direction is 1° to M°;
  • Step T2 The wavefront aberration of each sub-imaging area measured by the wavefront sensor is converted to obtain the point spread function of each sub-imaging area: PSF, and the PSF of each sub-imaging area is taken as the two image correction areas corresponding to each sub-imaging area
  • the initial PSF value and constraint conditions of the PSF, and then the non-isoplanar aberration deconvolution correction of the two image correction areas are respectively completed through Wiener filtering;
  • Step T3 After the non-isoplanar aberration deconvolution correction of all image correction areas is completed, image stitching is used to obtain an imaged image after the non-isoplanar aberration of the entire field of view is completely corrected.
  • M is a positive positive integer
  • M does not exceed 3.
  • the step T2 is specifically:
  • T2-1 Wavefront aberrations W i,j ( ⁇ , ⁇ ),1 ⁇ i ⁇ M,1 ⁇ j ⁇ N for each sub-imaging area measured by the wavefront sensor, calculate the point spread function of each sub-imaging area PSF: h i,j (x,y),1 ⁇ i ⁇ M,1 ⁇ j ⁇ N, where,
  • Pi ,j ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the pupil function of the sub-lens of the wavefront sensor
  • f is the focal length of the sub-lens
  • k is the wave number constant
  • T2-2 Use the PSF of each sub-imaging area as the initial PSF value and constraint conditions of the imaging image of each sub-imaging area, and then use the following incremental Wiener filter iterative formula to complete the deconvolution processing of the imaging image of the sub-imaging area. Realize the supplementary correction of the residual aberration of the imaging image of each sub-imaging area,
  • * represents the complex conjugate operator
  • i and j represent the serial number of each sub-region
  • Y i,j (u,v) is the Fourier transform of the imaging image of the sub-imaging region
  • i and j represent the serial number of each sub-region
  • Y i,j (u,v) is the Fourier transform of the imaging image of the sub-imaging region
  • S(u,v) is the accuracy term, with and When the value is updated, the value of S(u,v) is updated in time
  • ⁇ x and ⁇ h are parameters that control the iteration step length.
  • 2 ,r x 0.2
  • the step T2 can be processed either online or offline.
  • This application also provides a non-isotropic aberration correction device for adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging, which includes an adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging device, a wavefront sensor, a wavefront controller, a wavefront corrector, and a computer;
  • the wavefront controller extracts the wavefront aberration measured by the wavefront sensor, and feeds back the control wavefront corrector, and the computer controls the wavefront controller to complete the non-isohalo zone according to the method described above.
  • the closed-loop correction of the aberration and the realization of online or offline non-iso-halation aberration area correction is the closed-loop correction of the aberration and the realization of online or offline non-iso-halation aberration area correction.
  • the adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging device includes an imaging light source, a collection system, a first beam splitter, a dichroic beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a first contracting and expanding beam system, and a second contracting and expanding beam system ,
  • the line beam emitted by the imaging light source is reflected by the first beam splitter, transmitted by the dichroic beam splitter, and propagated by the first contraction and expansion beam system to reach the wavefront corrector, and the wavefront corrector reflects the line beam to
  • the second reduced-expanded beam system propagates to the scanning mirror, and the scanning mirror reflects the line beam to the third reduced-expanded beam system, and then propagates into the eye and illuminates the fundus retina.
  • the fundus retina reflects the line beam from the eye Exit, return to the first beam splitter along the original path, and enter the collection system after being transmitted through the first beam splitter.
  • the collection system performs photoelectric conversion of the line beam, and the computer controls the scanning mirror to realize the line beam scanning , And synchronously control the collection system to acquire retinal imaging images;
  • the parallel light beams emitted by the beacon light source are reflected by the second beam splitter, and after being reflected by the dichroic beam splitter, then propagate through the first contraction and expansion beam system to reach the wavefront corrector, and
  • the wavefront corrector reflects the line beam to the second contraction and expansion beam system, and then propagates to the scanning mirror.
  • the scanning mirror reflects the line beam and then propagates into the eye through the third contraction and expansion beam system to illuminate
  • the fundus retina after reflecting the line beam from the fundus retina, exits the eye, returns to the second beam splitter along the original path, and enters the wavefront sensor through the second beam splitter, and the wavefront sensor measures the wavefront Aberration.
  • This application can break through the limitation of the isometric zone on the adaptive optics imaging field of view, and realize the aberration correction and high-resolution imaging of the wide field of view of the retina.
  • the deconvoluted image correction provided by this application has low cost. Through the sub-regional deconvolution of wavefront aberration information, it can maximize the compensation of adaptive optical aberration correction. The correction effect is good, and it can be processed online or Post-processing is flexible and convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the non-isoplanar aberration correction method for adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging in Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a non-isoplanar aberration correction device for adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging in Embodiment 2 of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is the result of using conventional single-pass adaptive optical aberration correction in Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 4 is the result obtained in Example 3 using the method of the present application.
  • the wavefront aberration in the scanning direction of the line beam can be time-divisionally measured by the wavefront sensor.
  • the wavefront aberration in the line beam direction cannot be directly passed through the wavefront due to the non-isohalo effect.
  • the sensor can only measure the wavefront aberration of the full field of view in the direction of the line beam. Therefore, it is necessary to propose different correction methods for the non-isoplanar aberration in the two directions.
  • This application proposes a method and device for wide-field non-isotropic image difference time and area correction of adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging.
  • an adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging non-isoplanar aberration correction method includes: in the adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging system, the non-isoplanar area in the scanning direction of the line beam Time-sharing correction of aberrations and regional correction of non-iso-halo-zone aberrations in the direction of the line beam are specifically as follows:
  • Step S1 According to the scanning time, the imaging area of the non-isohalo zone is divided into a plurality of sub-imaging areas in the scanning direction, including sub-imaging area 1, sub-imaging area 2,..., sub-imaging area N, and the sub-imaging area is in the scan
  • the size of the field of view in the direction does not exceed 2°; the multiple sub-imaging areas can be evenly divided or non-uniformly divided; N is a positive integer, and all satisfy the principle of equal halo zone.
  • the field of view of each sub-imaging area in the scanning direction is 2°
  • the field of view of the imaging area of the non-isotropic zone in the scanning direction is (2N)°.
  • Step S2 The aberration of each sub-imaging area is measured by the wavefront sensor in turn, and the wavefront corrector is feedback-controlled in turn, and the closed-loop correction of the aberration of each sub-imaging area is completed in turn.
  • the central area within ⁇ 1° of the line beam direction also satisfies the principle of iso-halo zone, and the central area aberration is completely corrected, that is, 2°(line beam direction) ⁇ (2N) ° (scanning direction) non-isoplanar aberration has been fully corrected.
  • Step T1 Divide each sub-imaging area into two image correction areas on both sides of the central area along the line beam direction: the first image correction area and the second image correction area; as shown in the figure, there are two image correction areas on both sides of the sub-imaging area N Image correction areas N1 and N2;
  • the first image correction area has a range of -1° to -M° in the line beam direction
  • the second image correction area has a range of 1° to M° in the line beam direction; where M is a positive integer, and M is not More than 3.
  • Step T2 The wavefront aberration of each sub-imaging area measured by the wavefront sensor is converted to obtain the point spread function of each sub-imaging area: PSF, and the PSF of each sub-imaging area is taken as the two image correction areas corresponding to each sub-imaging area
  • the initial PSF value and constraint conditions of the PSF, and then the non-isoplanar aberration deconvolution correction of the two image correction areas are respectively completed through Wiener filtering; specifically including:
  • T2-1 Wavefront aberrations W i,j ( ⁇ , ⁇ ),1 ⁇ i ⁇ M,1 ⁇ j ⁇ N for each sub-imaging area measured by the wavefront sensor, calculate the point spread function of each sub-imaging area PSF: h i,j (x,y),1 ⁇ i ⁇ M,1 ⁇ j ⁇ N, where,
  • Pi ,j ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the pupil function of the sub-lens of the wavefront sensor
  • f is the focal length of the sub-lens
  • k is the wave number constant
  • T2-2 Use the PSF of each sub-imaging area as the initial PSF value and constraint conditions of the imaging image of each sub-imaging area, and then use the following incremental Wiener filter iterative formula to complete the deconvolution processing of the imaging image of the sub-imaging area. Realize the supplementary correction of the residual aberration of the imaging image of each sub-imaging area,
  • * represents the complex conjugate operator
  • i and j represent the serial number of each sub-region
  • Y i,j (u,v) is the Fourier transform of the imaging image of the sub-imaging region
  • i and j represent the serial number of each sub-region
  • Y i,j (u,v) is the Fourier transform of the imaging image of the sub-imaging region
  • S(u,v) is the accuracy term, with and When the value is updated, the value of S(u,v) is updated in time
  • ⁇ x and ⁇ h are parameters that control the iteration step length.
  • 2 ,r x 0.2
  • Step T3 After the non-isoplanar aberration deconvolution correction of all image correction areas is completed, image stitching is used to obtain an imaged image after the non-isoplanar aberration of the entire field of view is completely corrected.
  • step T2 can be processed either online or offline (processing after imaging).
  • a non-isoplanar aberration correction device for adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging which adopts the method of Embodiment 1 to perform non-isoplanar aberration correction.
  • the device includes an adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging device, a wavefront sensor, a wavefront controller, a wavefront corrector, and a computer;
  • the wavefront controller extracts the wavefront aberration measured by the wavefront sensor and feeds it back to control the wavefront corrector.
  • the computer controls the wavefront controller according to the method of embodiment 1 to complete the closed-loop correction and realization of non-iso-halozone aberration. Non-isoplanar aberration correction in online or offline mode.
  • the adaptive optics line beam scanning imaging device includes an imaging light source, a collection system, a first beam splitter, a dichroic beam splitter, a second beam splitter, and a first contracting and expanding beam system , The second contraction and expansion beam system, the third contraction and expansion beam system, scanning mirror and beacon light source;
  • the line beam emitted by the imaging light source is reflected by the first beam splitter, transmitted by the dichroic beam splitter, and propagated by the first contraction and expansion beam system to reach the wavefront corrector, and the wavefront corrector reflects the line beam to the second contraction and expansion beam system and then propagates
  • the scanning mirror reflects the line beam to the third contraction and expansion beam system, and then propagates into the eye and illuminates the fundus retina. After the fundus retina reflects on the line beam, it exits the eye and returns to the first beam splitter along the original path.
  • a beam splitter enters the collection system after transmission, the collection system performs photoelectric conversion of the line beam, the computer controls the scanning mirror to realize the line beam scanning, and synchronously controls the collection system to obtain the retinal imaging image;
  • the parallel light beam emitted by the beacon light source is reflected by the second beam splitter, and after being reflected by the dichroic beam splitter, it propagates through the first contraction and expansion beam system to reach the wavefront corrector, and the wavefront corrector reflects the line beam to the second contraction mirror.
  • the beam expansion system then propagates to the scanning mirror.
  • the scanning mirror reflects the line beam and then propagates into the eye through the third contraction and expansion beam system and illuminates the fundus retina. After the fundus retina reflects the line beam, it exits the eye and returns to the second
  • the two beam splitter enters the wavefront sensor through the second beam splitter, and the wavefront sensor measures the wavefront aberration.
  • the contraction and expansion beam system can adopt a reflective structure, a transmissive structure, or a reflex structure, and the contraction and expansion beam ratio is determined according to the size of the two pupil diameters that are connected.
  • the wavefront controller extracts the wavefront aberration measured by the wavefront sensor, and feeds back to control the wavefront corrector, the computer synchronizes the scanning time of the scanning mirror, and controls the wavefront controller to complete the time-sharing closed-loop aberration correction. Then the computer performs the correction of the non-isoplanar aberration online or offline, and finally obtains the imaging image of the entire field of view after the non-isoplanar aberration is completely corrected.
  • FIG. 3 is the result of conventional single-pass adaptive optical aberration correction.
  • the imaging field of view is 2 degrees (scanning direction) * 4 degrees (line beam direction).
  • the center 2*2 degrees belongs to the isotropic zone.
  • the X direction is the scanning direction
  • the Y direction is the line beam direction

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Abstract

一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法与装置，该方法包括：在自适应光学线光束扫描成像系统中，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正以及对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正。所述方法可以突破等晕区对自适应光学成像视场的限制，实现对视网膜宽视场的像差校正与高分辨率成像。提供的宽视场非等晕像差分时、分区域校正方法与装置，只需要单个波前传感器和单个波前校正器即可完成宽视场像差校正，几乎不增加任何系统复杂性。提供的解卷积图像校正，成本低，通过波前像差信息的分区域解卷积，可以最大化补偿自适应光学像差校正，校正效果好，可以在线处理，也可以事后处理，灵活便捷。

Description

自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法与装置 技术领域
本申请涉及自适应光学高分辨率成像领域，特别涉及一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法与装置。
背景技术
为了更加清楚地观察眼底视网膜，自适应光学技术被引入视网膜光学成像领域，利用自适应光学测量眼睛光学系统像差并加以校正，可以实现对眼底视网膜的高分辨率成像，能够清楚地分辨出微米级的毛细血管、视细胞等组织。
然而，自适应光学技术的像差测量与校正只能对视场中心附近一个角度范围内有效，该角度范围被定义为自适应光学校正范围受限的“等晕区”，等晕区内的像差可以经自适应光学完全校正，超过等晕区的非等晕像差只能被自适应光学部分校正。当自适应光学应用于眼底视网膜成像时，眼睛的等晕区通常认为不超过2°视场角，目前几乎所有自适应光学视网膜高分辨率成像系统的成像视场都小于2°，这仅相当于视网膜上很小的区域。事实上，视网膜约100°范围内都分布着与视觉功能密切相关的各种微细组织，要完成对更大范围或整个视网膜高分辨率成像，目前广泛采用多次成像通过图像拼接获取大视场图像，但是依赖受试者的固视能力，拼接精度低，成功率低，效率也很低。
为了解决眼睛等晕区限制的成像视场小的难题，多层共轭自适应光学技术(MCAO,Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics)被应用于天文观测领域，于2009年首次成功用于视网膜泛光照明成像系统中，采用多个波前传感器和多个波前校正器实现7°视场的像差分区域测量与分区域同时校正。但是，MCAO技术系统结构庞大，技术成本高，相邻等晕区像差存在交连，多套像差校正闭环控制复杂度高，成像速度较慢。更关键的是，MCAO技术只适用于非扫描的泛光照明成像系统，目前尚未见报道在扫描成像系统中有所应用。
发明内容
本申请基于以上背景，针对线光束扫描成像系统，提出一种宽视场非等晕像差分时、分区域校正方法与装置，在不增加自适应光学波前传感器与波前校正器的情况下，线光束扫描方向上的非等晕像差通过分时的像差测量与闭环校正，线光束方向上的非等晕区像差通过分区域的图像处理补充校正，从而实现宽视场非等晕像差的完整校正。该申请提出的宽视场非等晕像差分时、分区域校正方法与装置，只需要单个波前传感器和单个波前校正器即可完成宽视场像差校正，几乎不增加任何系统复杂性，具有极高的实用性和创新性。
本申请采用的技术方案是：提供一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，该方法包括：在自适应光学线光束扫描成像系统中，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正以及对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正。
优选的是，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正的方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：根据扫描时间，在扫描方向上将非等晕区成像区域依次分为多个子成像区域，包括子成像区域1、子成像区域2、……、子成像区域N，子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场大小不超过2°；
步骤S2：每个子成像区域的像差依次经波前传感器测量，并依次反馈控制波前校正器，依次完成对每个子成像区域像差的闭环校正；
其中，每个子成像区域中，在线光束方向的±1°内的中心区域在扫描方向和线光束方向均满足等晕区原则，该中心区域像差得到了完全校正
优选的是，多个子成像区域可以是均匀等分，也可以是非均匀分割；N为正整数。
优选的是，每个子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场为2°。
优选的是，对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正的方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤T1：将每个子成像区域沿线光束方向上在所述中心区域的两侧分成 2个图像校正区域：第一像校正区域、第二图像校正区域；
第一图像校正区域在线光束方向上的区域范围为-1°至-M°，第二图像校正区域在线光束方向的区域范围为1°至M°；
步骤T2：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域的波前像差换算得到每个子成像区域的点扩散函数：PSF，将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域对应的两个图像校正区域的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过维纳滤波分别完成两个图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正；
步骤T3：当完成所有图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正后，通过图像拼接，即可得到整个视场非等晕像差完全校正后的成像图像。
优选的是，其中，M为正正整数，且M不超过3。
优选的是，所述步骤T2具体为：
T2-1：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域波前像差W i,j(ξ,η),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，计算得到每个子成像区域的点扩散函数PSF：h i,j(x,y),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，其中，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000001
式中P i,j(ξ,η)为波前传感器的子透镜光瞳函数，f为子透镜焦距，k为波数常数；
T2-2：将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域成像图像的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过以下增量维纳滤波迭代公式分别完成该子成像区域成像图像的解卷积处理，实现对每个子成像区域成像图像残余像差的补充校正，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000003
S(u,v)＝Y(u,,v)-X i,j(u,v)H i,j(u,v)；
其中，*表示复数共轭操作符，i和j表示每个子区域的序号，Y i,j(u,v)为该子成像区域成像图像的傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000004
和
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000005
分别表示该子成像区域成像图像在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000006
和
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000007
分别表示该子成像区域PSF估计在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变 换，S(u,v)为精度项，随着
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000008
与
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000009
值的更新，S(u,v)的值及时更新；γ x与γ h是控制迭代步长的参数，其值越大，迭代步长越小，算法收敛速度越慢，解更加精确，其值减小，迭代步长增大，算法将更快收敛为一不平滑解；其中，γ x与γ h的值可以选取为：r h＝0.2|H(0,0)| 2,r x＝0.2|X(0,0)| 2。
优选的是，所述步骤T2既可在线处理也可离线处理。
本申请还提供一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正装置，其包括自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置、波前传感器、波前控制器、波前校正器以及计算机；
所述波前控制器提取波前传感器测量到的波前像差，并反馈所述控制波前校正器，所述计算机按照如上所述的方法控制所述波前控制器以完成非等晕区像差分时的闭环校正以及实现在线或是离线形式的非等晕区像差分区域校正。
优选的是，所述自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置包括成像光源、收集系统、第一分光镜、二向色分光镜、第二分光镜、第一缩扩束系统、第二缩扩束系统、第三缩扩束系统、扫描镜和信标光源；
所述成像光源出射的线光束经所述第一分光镜反射、二向色分光镜透射、第一缩扩束系统传播到达所述波前校正器，所述波前校正器将线光束反射至所述第二缩扩束系统再传播至所述扫描镜，所述扫描镜反射该线光束至第三缩扩束系统，然后传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至所述第一分光镜，经所述第一分光镜透射后进入所述收集系统，所述收集系统将线光束进行光电转换，所述计算机控制扫描镜实现线光束扫描，并同步控制所述收集系统获取视网膜成像图像；
所述信标光源出射的平行光束经所述第二分光镜反射，再经所述二向色分光镜反射后，经所述第一缩扩束系统传播到达所述波前校正器，所述波前校正器将线光束反射至所述第二缩扩束系统，然后传播至所述扫描镜，所述扫描镜反射该线光束后再经所述第三缩扩束系统传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至所述第二分光镜，经所述第二分光镜透射进入所述波前传感器，所述波前传感器测量得到波前像差。
本申请的有益效果是：
(1)本申请可以突破等晕区对自适应光学成像视场的限制，实现对视网膜宽视场的像差校正与高分辨率成像。
(2)本申请提供的宽视场非等晕像差分时、分区域校正方法与装置，只需要单个波前传感器和单个波前校正器即可完成宽视场像差校正，几乎不增加任何系统复杂性，具有极高的实用性。
(3)本申请提供的解卷积图像校正，成本低，通过波前像差信息的分区域解卷积，可以最大化补偿自适应光学像差校正，校正效果好，可以在线处理，也可以事后处理，灵活便捷。
附图说明
图1为本申请的实施例1中的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法的原理示意图；
图2为本申请的实施例2中的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正装置的原理示意图；
图3为实施例3中采用常规的单次自适应光学像差校正的结果；
图4为实施例3中采用本申请的方法获得的结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解，本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不排除一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
在自适应光学线光束扫描成像系统中，线光束扫描方向上的波前像差可以通过波前传感器进行分时测量，线光束方向上的波前像差由于非等晕效应无法直接经波前传感器测量得到，只能测量到线光束方向上全视场的波前像差。因此，需要对两个方向上的非等晕区像差提出不同的校正方法。本申请提出了一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的宽视场非等晕像差分时、分区域校 正方法与装置。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，该方法包括：在自适应光学线光束扫描成像系统中，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正以及对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正，具体为：
一、对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正：
步骤S1：根据扫描时间，在扫描方向上将非等晕区成像区域依次分为多个子成像区域，包括子成像区域1、子成像区域2、……、子成像区域N，子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场大小不超过2°；多个子成像区域可以是均匀等分，也可以是非均匀分割；N为正整数，均满足等晕区原则。在本实施例中每个子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场为2°，则在扫描方向上非等晕区成像区域视场为(2N)°。
步骤S2：每个子成像区域的像差依次经波前传感器测量，并依次反馈控制波前校正器，依次完成对每个子成像区域像差的闭环校正。
通过上述步骤，每个子成像区域中，在线光束方向的±1°内的中心区域也满足等晕区原则，该中心区域像差得到了完全校正，即2°(线光束方向)×(2N)°(扫描方向)非等晕区像差已经得到完全校正。
二、对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正：
步骤T1：将每个子成像区域沿线光束方向上在中心区域的两侧分成2个图像校正区域：第一像校正区域、第二图像校正区域；如图中，子成像区域N两侧对应两个图像校正区域N1和N2；
第一图像校正区域在线光束方向上的区域范围为-1°至-M°，第二图像校正区域在线光束方向的区域范围为1°至M°；其中，M为正正整数，且M不超过3。
步骤T2：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域的波前像差换算得到每个子成像区域的点扩散函数：PSF，将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域对应的两个图像校正区域的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过维纳滤波分别完成两个图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正；具体包括：
T2-1：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域波前像差W i,j(ξ,η),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，计算得到每个子成像区域的点扩散函数PSF：h i,j(x,y),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，其中，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000010
式中P i,j(ξ,η)为波前传感器的子透镜光瞳函数，f为子透镜焦距，k为波数常数；
T2-2：将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域成像图像的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过以下增量维纳滤波迭代公式分别完成该子成像区域成像图像的解卷积处理，实现对每个子成像区域成像图像残余像差的补充校正，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000012
S(u,v)＝Y(u,,v)-X i,j(u,v)H i,j(u,v)；
其中，*表示复数共轭操作符，i和j表示每个子区域的序号，Y i,j(u,v)为该子成像区域成像图像的傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000013
和
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000014
分别表示该子成像区域成像图像在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000015
和
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000016
分别表示该子成像区域PSF估计在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变换，S(u,v)为精度项，随着
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000017
与
Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-000018
值的更新，S(u,v)的值及时更新；γ x与γ h是控制迭代步长的参数，其值越大，迭代步长越小，算法收敛速度越慢，解更加精确，其值减小，迭代步长增大，算法将更快收敛为一不平滑解；其中，γ x与γ h的值可以选取为：r h＝0.2|H(0,0)| 2,r x＝0.2|X(0,0)| 2。
步骤T3：当完成所有图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正后，通过图像拼接，即可得到整个视场非等晕像差完全校正后的成像图像。
其中，步骤T2既可在线处理也可离线处理(成像后再处理)。
实施例2
提供一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正装置，其采用实施例1的方法进行非等晕像差校正。更为具体的实施例中，该装置包括自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置、波前传感器、波前控制器、波前校正器以及计 算机；
波前控制器提取波前传感器测量到的波前像差，并反馈控制波前校正器，计算机按照实施例1的方法控制波前控制器以完成非等晕区像差分时的闭环校正以及实现在线或是离线形式的非等晕区像差分区域校正。
参照图2，在一种优选的实施例中，自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置包括成像光源、收集系统、第一分光镜、二向色分光镜、第二分光镜、第一缩扩束系统、第二缩扩束系统、第三缩扩束系统、扫描镜和信标光源；
成像光源出射的线光束经第一分光镜反射、二向色分光镜透射、第一缩扩束系统传播到达波前校正器，波前校正器将线光束反射至第二缩扩束系统再传播至扫描镜，扫描镜反射该线光束至第三缩扩束系统，然后传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至第一分光镜，经第一分光镜透射后进入收集系统，收集系统将线光束进行光电转换，计算机控制扫描镜实现线光束扫描，并同步控制收集系统获取视网膜成像图像；
信标光源出射的平行光束经第二分光镜反射，再经二向色分光镜反射后，经第一缩扩束系统传播到达波前校正器，波前校正器将线光束反射至第二缩扩束系统，然后传播至扫描镜，扫描镜反射该线光束后再经第三缩扩束系统传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至第二分光镜，经第二分光镜透射进入波前传感器，波前传感器测量得到波前像差。
其中，缩扩束系统可以采用反射式结构，也可以采用透射式结构，还可以采用折反式结构，缩扩束比根据衔接的两个光瞳口径大小决定。
波前控制器提取波前传感器测量到的波前像差，并反馈控制波前校正器，计算机同步扫描镜的扫描时间，控制波前控制器完成分时的像差闭环校正。然后计算机在线或离线进行非等晕区像差分区域校正，最终获得整个视场非等晕像差完全校正后的成像图像。
实施例3进行常规校正方法与本申请的方法的比较
参照图3，为常规的单次自适应光学像差校正结果。其中，成像视场为2度(扫描方向)*4度(线光束方向)，对整个成像视场进行单次像差校正后， 只有中心2*2度属于等晕区，该视场像差得到完全校正，两侧视场像差未完全校正，较为模糊；对应的两个子区域波前像差数据(哈特曼波前传感器测量)也可见，像差残差超过衍射极限的要求(λ/14,λ＝795nm)。
参照图4，为采用本申请的方法获得的结果。其中，将两侧边缘视场的两个子区域图像进行图像解卷积处理，可以有效校正残余像差，校正后的像差残差能满足衍射极限要求。
图3和4中，X方向即为扫描方向，Y方向即为线光束方向。
尽管本申请的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本申请的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本申请并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：在自适应光学线光束扫描成像系统中，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正以及对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，对线光束扫描方向上的非等晕区像差进行分时校正的方法具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1：根据扫描时间，在扫描方向上将非等晕区成像区域依次分为多个子成像区域，包括子成像区域1、子成像区域2、……、子成像区域N，子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场大小不超过2°；
    步骤S2：每个子成像区域的像差依次经波前传感器测量，并依次反馈控制波前校正器，依次完成对每个子成像区域像差的闭环校正；
    其中，每个子成像区域中，在线光束方向的±1°内的中心区域在扫描方向和线光束方向均满足等晕区原则，该中心区域像差得到了完全校正。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，多个子成像区域可以是均匀等分，也可以是非均匀分割；N为正整数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，每个子成像区域在扫描方向上的视场为2°。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，对线光束方向上的非等晕区像差进行分区域校正的方法具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤T1：将每个子成像区域沿线光束方向上在所述中心区域的两侧分成2个图像校正区域：第一像校正区域、第二图像校正区域；
    第一图像校正区域在线光束方向上的区域范围为-1°至-M°，第二图像校正区域在线光束方向的区域范围为1°至M°；
    步骤T2：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域的波前像差换算得到每个 子成像区域的点扩散函数：PSF，将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域对应的两个图像校正区域的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过维纳滤波分别完成两个图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正；
    步骤T3：当完成所有图像校正区域的非等晕区像差解卷积校正后，通过图像拼接，即可得到整个视场非等晕像差完全校正后的成像图像。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，其中，M为正正整数，且M不超过3。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，所述步骤T2具体为：
    T2-1：由波前传感器测量的每个子成像区域波前像差为W i,j(ξ,η),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，计算得到每个子成像区域的点扩散函数PSF：h i,j(x,y),1≤i≤M,1≤j≤N，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100001
    式中P i,j(ξ,η)为波前传感器的子透镜光瞳函数，f为子透镜焦距，k为波数常数；
    T2-2：将每个子成像区域的PSF作为每个子成像区域成像图像的PSF初始值与约束条件，然后通过以下增量维纳滤波迭代公式分别完成该子成像区域成像图像的解卷积处理，实现对每个子成像区域成像图像残余像差的补充校正，
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100003
    S(u,v)＝Y(u,,v)-X i,j(u,v)H i,j(u,v)；
    其中，*表示复数共轭操作符，i和j表示每个子区域的序号，Y i,j(u,v)为该子成像区域成像图像的傅里叶变换，
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100004
    和
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100005
    分别表示该子成像区域成像图像在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变换，
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100006
    和
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100007
    分别表示该子成像区域PSF估计在当前及上一次解卷积处理迭代的傅里叶变换，S(u,v)为精度项，随着
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100008
    与
    Figure PCTCN2021100042-appb-100009
    值的更新，S(u,v)的值及时更新；γ x与γ h是控制迭代步长的参数，其值越大，迭代步长越小，算法收敛速度越慢， 解更加精确，其值减小，迭代步长增大，算法将更快收敛为一不平滑解；其中，γ x与γ h的值选取为：r h＝0.2|H(0,0)| 2,r x＝0.2|X(0,0)| 2。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正方法，其特征在于，所述步骤T2既可在线处理也可离线处理。
  9. 一种自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正装置，其特征在于，其包括自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置、波前传感器、波前控制器、波前校正器以及计算机；
    所述波前控制器提取波前传感器测量到的波前像差，并反馈所述控制波前校正器，所述计算机按照权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法控制所述波前控制器以完成非等晕区像差分时的闭环校正以及实现在线或是离线形式的非等晕区像差分区域校正。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的自适应光学线光束扫描成像的非等晕像差校正装置，其特征在于，所述自适应光学线光束扫描成像装置包括成像光源、收集系统、第一分光镜、二向色分光镜、第二分光镜、第一缩扩束系统、第二缩扩束系统、第三缩扩束系统、扫描镜和信标光源；
    所述成像光源出射的线光束经所述第一分光镜反射、二向色分光镜透射、第一缩扩束系统传播到达所述波前校正器，所述波前校正器将线光束反射至所述第二缩扩束系统再传播至所述扫描镜，所述扫描镜反射该线光束至第三缩扩束系统，然后传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至所述第一分光镜，经所述第一分光镜透射后进入所述收集系统，所述收集系统将线光束进行光电转换，所述计算机控制扫描镜实现线光束扫描，并同步控制所述收集系统获取视网膜成像图像；
    所述信标光源出射的平行光束经所述第二分光镜反射，再经所述二向色分光镜反射后，经所述第一缩扩束系统传播到达所述波前校正器，所述波前校正器将线光束反射至所述第二缩扩束系统，然后传播至所述扫描镜，所述扫描镜反射该线光束后再经所述第三缩扩束系统传播进入眼睛并照明眼底视网膜，眼底视网膜对线光束反射后从眼睛出射，沿原路返回至所述第二分光镜，经所述第二分光镜透射进入所述波前传感器，所述波前传感器测量得到波前像差。
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