WO2014048083A1 - 一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法 - Google Patents

一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014048083A1
WO2014048083A1 PCT/CN2013/071718 CN2013071718W WO2014048083A1 WO 2014048083 A1 WO2014048083 A1 WO 2014048083A1 CN 2013071718 W CN2013071718 W CN 2013071718W WO 2014048083 A1 WO2014048083 A1 WO 2014048083A1
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deformable mirror
mirror
component
double
deformable
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PCT/CN2013/071718
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈浩
王勤美
李超宏
厉以宇
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温州医学院眼视光研究院
温州医学院眼视光器械有限公司
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Publication of WO2014048083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014048083A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes

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  • the invention relates to a control method, in particular to a confocal scanning imaging system and an aberration control method thereof, which can simultaneously control two deformable mirrors to separate and correct small-stroke high-frequency aberrations and large-stroke low-frequency aberrations, and improve system control bandwidth. And imaging quality.
  • Laser scanning microscopy was first applied to biological tissue imaging (Webb RH, Hughes GW. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 1981, BME- 28 (7): 488-92.), which developed into maturity in 1987.
  • Laser confocal scanning imaging equipment Webb R, Hughes G, Delori F. Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Appl ied optics. 1987 ; 26 (8) : 1492-9 ) o
  • the invention patent of US 4,863,226 (1989) proposes the concept of laser confocal scanning imaging, which realizes lateral scanning of a sample by an acousto-optic modulator, and longitudinal scanning or frame scanning of a sample by another scanning mirror.
  • the use of pinholes for the purpose of confocal high-resolution imaging has been proposed.
  • this patent only gives a principle device for confocal scanning imaging, and its acousto-optic modulator will bring about a large dispersion effect, which greatly reduces the imaging resolution of the system.
  • the invention patent of Patent No. 99115053. 8 (1999), etc. proposes a retinal imaging device based on adaptive optics technology, but the device does not realize confocal scanning imaging.
  • the invention patent of US Pat. No. 7,118,216 proposes the use of an adaptive optics system in confocal scanning ophthalmoscopes, which corrects system aberrations by means of a deformable mirror in an adaptive optics system to obtain high resolution images, but the patent applies only one variant.
  • Patent No. US7665844 (2010) A laser confocal scanning multi-deformation mirror adaptive optics system is proposed.
  • the patent corrects high-order aberrations and large-stroke low-order aberrations by two or more deformable mirrors to obtain high-resolution imaging results, but
  • the multiple deformable mirrors in the patent work independently, which requires more control units and does not guarantee true synchronous control.
  • the existing confocal scanning imaging apparatus and the adaptive optical system have insufficient deficiencies in the control of the aberrations, which need to be improved.
  • the present invention proposes a new confocal scanning imaging system and its aberration control method based on the basic principle of laser confocal scanning adaptive optical microscopy imaging.
  • the deformed mirrors respectively correct the high-order and low-order aberrations, and use the new control method to drive the double-deformed mirrors to work at the same time.
  • the high-resolution imaging function is realized. Summary of the invention
  • the technology of the present invention solves the problem: Overcoming the limitation that the conventional confocal scanning adaptive optics system cannot simultaneously correct high-order and low-order aberrations, a confocal scanning imaging system and its aberration control method are proposed. High resolution imaging of the human eye is possible.
  • a confocal scanning imaging system and an aberration control method thereof wherein the confocal scanning imaging system comprises a light source component, a two-dimensional imaging scanning component, a double deformable mirror correction component, and a confocal scanning detection Components and adaptive optical detection components.
  • the double deformable mirror correction component By controlling the double deformable mirror correction component to work simultaneously by the direct slope method control method, high-order images are obtained while correcting the high-order and low-order aberrations in the system while obtaining the confocal scanning fundus image.
  • the present invention provides a confocal scanning imaging system and an aberration control method thereof, the confocal scanning imaging system including at least a double deformable mirror correction component and an adaptive optical wavefront detecting component, the optical wavefront detecting
  • the component is based on a direct slope control method, and a decoupling algorithm is added to optimize the direct slope control method to eliminate the coupling effect between the double deformable mirrors, thereby synchronously controlling the double deformable mirror correction
  • the component works;
  • the slope calculation method is as follows: Construct a new high-order deformable mirror response matrix, remove the coupling part with the low-order deformable mirror, and use this response matrix to correctly control the closed-loop correction of the deformable mirror; and construct a new deformed mirror response matrix. To eliminate the influence of piston, tip and tilt error, the accurate slope vector calculation method of the double-mirror adaptive optics system is obtained.
  • the core principles of the present invention are optical imaging conjugate relationships and control methods based on direct slope methods.
  • the light source, the two deformable mirrors, the two two-dimensional scanning galvanometers, and the human eye are optically accurately conjugated.
  • Two independent two-dimensional scanning galvanometers sequentially perform line scanning and frame scanning on the human eye to achieve confocal scanning imaging in a single-frame image imaging field of view.
  • the control method based on the direct slope method eliminates the coupling effect between the double deformable mirrors, removes the translation and tilt errors of the deformable mirror, and can control two in real time.
  • a deformed mirror works simultaneously to achieve high resolution imaging.
  • the invention greatly increases the imaging quality of the conventional confocal scanning adaptive optical system, and can simultaneously control two deformable mirrors to correct high-order and low-order aberrations, and no longer needs to be divided. Step correction of high-order and low-order aberrations, saving system working time and control equipment, improving system efficiency, improving the system's correction bandwidth for complex aberrations, and significantly improving the accuracy and real-time performance of traditional confocal scanning adaptive optics.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a confocal scanning imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the optical path and signal processing according to the present invention.
  • the laser source (1) of the light source assembly is connected to the optical fiber (2) through a fiber coupler, and the laser passes In the transmission of the optical fiber (2), the end of the optical fiber is placed at the focal position of the coupling lens (3), and the laser is emitted as parallel light through the coupling lens (3), and enters the beam splitter (5) through the mirror (4).
  • the beam splitter (5) according to the present invention generally has a spectroscope having a high transmittance and a low reflectance, and the ratio of the projection ratio to the reflectance is generally 92:8.
  • the high transmittance is to ensure that the signal light returned from the human eye can enter the photodetector portion through the beam splitter (5) to a greater extent.
  • the illumination laser enters the reflective spherical telescope (6 and 7) after passing through the beam splitter (5).
  • a high-order deforming mirror (8) is placed at the conjugate plane of the spherical mirror 7.
  • the high-order deformable mirror is for correcting high-order aberrations of the system, so the high-order deformable mirror uses a MEMS deformable mirror, and there are many driver units on a small deformed surface.
  • the illumination light after the high-order deformed mirror is then contracted by the reflective spherical telescope (9 and 10) into the two-dimensional imaging scanning assembly.
  • the two-dimensional imaging scanning assembly is mainly composed of two independent optical scanning galvanometers, and the galvanometers are connected by a reflective spherical telescope. After being scanned by the lateral scanning galvanometer (11), the illumination light becomes line scanning light, and after being expanded by the telescopes (12 and 13), it is scanned by the longitudinal scanning galvanometer (14) to form surface illumination.
  • the surface illumination after the longitudinal scanning galvanometer (14) passes through the reflective spherical telescope (15 and 16) to the low-order deformable mirror (17). Since the low-order deformable mirror is in the conjugate plane of the optical system, it is precisely conjugated with the high-order deformable mirror, the transverse scanning galvanometer, the longitudinal scanning galvanometer, and the pupil of the human eye. In the present invention, the low-order deformable mirror is for correcting the system's large-stroke low-order aberration, so that the low-order deformable mirror has a large aperture and the number of actuators is also higher. After passing through the low-order deformed mirror, the illumination beam passes through the reflective spherical telescope (18 and 19) and directly illuminates the pupil of the human eye (20).
  • the illumination beam is incident on the surface of the pupil of the human eye (or the sample to be tested), and is focused by the pupil into the fundus of the human eye (21).
  • the signal light returning from the fundus of the human eye returns according to the original path (return from 19 to 5).
  • the beam splitter is split by the beam splitter (22), and the transmitted light enters the confocal scanning detector assembly.
  • the confocal scanning detector assembly consists of a collecting lens (23), a pinhole (24) and a detector (25). )composition.
  • the signal light concentrated by the condenser lens passes through the pinhole (24), and the aperture size and placement position of the pinhole are very important.
  • the aperture diameter of the aperture is typically 1-2 times the Avery diffraction spot size of the optical system, and the pinhole is placed at the focus of the concentrating lens (23).
  • the signal light after the pinhole will have the property of precise confocality with the imaging plane (ie, the pupil of the human eye or the sample being imaged), that is, the stray light outside the confocal plane will be blocked by the pinhole.
  • the signal light received by the detector (25) is accurately confocal with the imaging plane, and noise is suppressed.
  • the confocal scanning detector assembly, the longitudinal galvanometer and the lateral galvanometer are controlled by the control terminal (26), and the lateral scanning process is performed synchronously with the longitudinal scanning to complete the surface scanning process of the human retina, combined with the signal light recorded by the detector assembly. Intensity information, complete image reconstruction of the human eye retina.
  • the signal light returning from the fundus of the human eye is split by the beam splitter (22), and the signal light of the reflected part enters the adaptive optical detecting component, reaching the Hartmann wavefront sensor (27), and the microlens array in the wavefront sensor.
  • the signal light wavefront is divided into hundreds of sub-aperture lights, and the slope data of each sub-aperture light is calculated by the control terminal (26), and corresponding driving voltage is generated, and the high-order deforming mirror (8) and the low-order deforming mirror (17) are driven to be corrected in real time.
  • High-order and low-order aberrations of the system result in high-resolution images of the human eye.
  • the system completes the image reconstruction through the two-dimensional scanning of the scanning galvanometers (11 and 14) to obtain the confocal image video image, but due to the aberration in the optical path, the system imaging quality Poor, and an adaptive optics system is added to the present invention to correct system aberrations in real time to obtain high resolution images.
  • a double deformable mirror is used to simultaneously correct system aberrations.
  • the specific correction method is a high-order deforming mirror (8) for correcting high-frequency aberrations, a low-order deforming mirror (17) for correcting low-frequency aberrations, and other double deformations.
  • the difference in the mirror correction system is that the present invention achieves the simultaneous operation of the double deformable mirror with a new control method, and obtains the same effect as the stepwise correction of the double deformable mirror.
  • the control method adopted by the present invention is a better control algorithm based on the direct slope method, and the direct slope method is applied to the double-mirror adaptive optical system, and the double-deformation mirror is controlled to work at the same time, and the system correction effect is obviously poor.
  • the effect of step-by-step correction on double deformable mirrors because of the double deformable mirror adaptive optics system In the middle, there is a coupling effect between the deformable mirrors, and the direct slope method cannot be applied to control the double deformable mirrors to work simultaneously.
  • the control method adopted by the invention based on the application of the direct slope method, subtly adds the decoupling algorithm, optimizes the direct slope method, eliminates the coupling effect between the deformable mirrors, and obtains stepping with the double deformable mirror. Correct the same correction effect.
  • constructing a new deformable mirror response matrix eliminates the effects of the mirror's piston, tip (tilt) and tilt (longitudinal tilt) errors.
  • the slope vector S is calculated from the response matrix D of the deformable mirror and the driving voltage vector V, ie
  • the present invention constructs a new high-order in order to eliminate the coupling effect between the double-deformable mirrors.
  • the deformed mirror response matrix, ' compared with the initial high-order deformable mirror response matrix D, removes the coupling portion with the low-order deformable mirror, as in equation (2):
  • the high-order deformable mirror response matrix after the coupling effect is eliminated can be obtained by equation (6), and the closed-loop correction of the deformable mirror can be correctly controlled by the response matrix.
  • control method of the present invention also removes the piston, tip and The influence of the tilt error.
  • the deformed mirror produces different degrees of piston, tip and tilt errors.
  • the method of removing the pitch error is to zero the sum of the driver voltages.
  • the method of removing the tip and tilt errors is ⁇ , the sum of the position vector and the response voltage product in the ⁇ direction is set to zero, ie
  • Equation (8) is expressed in the form of a matrix.
  • Equation (10) contains equation (9), which subtly eliminates the effects of piston, tip and tilt errors, and finally obtains a new slope vector calculation formula for the double-mirror adaptive optics system.
  • the invention has the condition that the double deformable mirror works at the same time, and after the above process, the double-mirror mirror resolution imaging function can be realized for the human eye (or other sample to be tested).

Abstract

本发明公开了一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法,所述成像系统包括双变形镜校正组件和自适应光学波前探测组件,所述光学波前探测组件基于直接斜率控制方法,并加入解耦算法优化所述直接斜率控制方法来消除所述双变形镜之间的耦合效应,由此来同步控制双变形镜校正组件工作;通过构造新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵和新的变形镜响应矩阵,去除了与低阶变形镜耦合部分,正确地控制变形镜闭环校正,消除piston、tip和tilt误差影响,得到双变形镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。该发明解决了双变形镜同时工作的困难,实现了一种设计紧凑、成像分辨率高的共焦扫描成像系统,大幅改善传统共焦扫描成像系统的成像质量,提高系统控制带宽。

Description

一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制方法, 特别是一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方 法, 能同时控制两个变形镜分离校正小行程高频像差与大行程低频像差, 提高 系统控制带宽和成像质量。
背景技术
激光扫描显微技术最早应用于生物组织成像 (Webb RH, Hughes GW. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 1981, BME- 28 (7) : 488-92. ), 在 1987年发展成为成熟的激 光共焦扫描成像设备 (Webb R, Hughes G, Delori F. Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Appl ied optics. 1987 ; 26 (8) : 1492-9 ) o
专利号为 US4863226 (1989)的发明专利提出了激光共焦扫描成像的概念,该 专利通过声光调制器来实现对样品的横向扫描, 通过另一扫描镜实现对样品的 纵向扫描即帧扫描, 提出使用针孔来实现共焦高分辨率成像的目的。 但该专利 仅仅给出了共焦扫描成像的原理性装置, 其声光调制器会带来较大的色散效应, 大幅降低系统的成像分辨率。 专利号为 200810117071. 4的发明专利也提出了共 焦成像的基本装置, 但没有扫描装置, 而是通过点光源单帧成像的原理, 实现 对样品的共焦成像。 分辨率较低并且无法实现视频成像。 专利号为 99115053. 8 (1999)的发明专利等, 提出了基于自适应光学技术的视网膜成像装 置, 但该装置没有实现共焦扫描成像。 专利号为 US7118216 的发明专利提出了 在共焦扫描检眼镜中应用自适应光学系统, 通过自适应光学系统中的变形镜来 校正系统像差, 得到高分辨率图像, 但该专利只应用一个变形镜校正系统像差, 不能完全消除像差对成像质量的影响。 专利号为 US7665844 (2010)的发明专利 提出了激光共焦扫描多变形镜自适应光学系统, 该专利通过两个或多个变形镜 分别校正高阶像差和大行程低阶像差, 以此来得到高分辨率成像结果, 但该专 利中的多个变形镜是独立工作, 这需要更多的控制单元, 并且无法保证真正意 义上的同步控制。
综上所述可知, 现有的共焦扫描成像设备与自适应光学系统像差控制方面尚 存在不足, 亟待改进。
对比国际国内在共焦显微成像领域的技术成果, 本发明在激光共焦扫描自适 应光学显微成像的基本原理基础上, 提出一种新的共焦扫描成像系统及其像差 控制方法, 通过两个变形镜分别校正高阶和低阶像差, 并利用新的控制方法驱 动双变形镜同时工作, 结合共轭成像的原理, 实现了高分辨率成像的功能。 发明内容
本发明的技术解决问题: 克服传统共焦扫描自适应光学系统无法同时校正 高阶和低阶像差的限制, 提出一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法。 可以 对人眼实现高分辨率成像。
本发明的技术解决方案: 共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法, 其特征在 于, 所述共焦扫描成像系统包括光源组件、 二维成像扫描组件、 双变形镜校正 组件、 共焦扫描探测器组件和自适应光学探测组件。 通过基于直接斜率法的控 制方法控制双变形镜校正组件同时工作, 在得到共焦扫描眼底图像的同时, 校 正系统中的高阶和低阶像差, 得到高分辨率图像。
因而, 本发明提供了一种共焦扫描成像系统及其像差控制方法, 所述共焦 扫描成像系统至少包括有双变形镜校正组件和自适应光学波前探测组件, 所述 光学波前探测组件基于直接斜率控制方法, 并加入解耦算法优化所述直接斜率 控制方法来消除所述双变形镜之间的耦合效应, 由此来同步控制双变形镜校正 组件工作; 斜率计算方法如下: 构造一个新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 去除与低 阶变形镜耦合部分, 通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正; 同时构 造一个新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除 piston、 tip和 tilt误差影响, 得到双变形 镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。
本发明的原理: 本发明的核心原理是光学成像共轭关系和基于直接斜率法 的控制方法。 在本发明所述的系统装置中, 光源、 两个变形镜、 两个二维扫描 振镜以及人眼在光学上精确共轭。 两个独立的二维扫描振镜依次对人眼实现线 扫描和帧扫描, 以实现在单帧图像成像视场内的共焦扫描成像。 再通过置于光 学共轭面的双变形镜, 校正系统像差, 而基于直接斜率法的控制方法消除了双 变形镜之间耦合效应, 去除了变形镜的平移和倾斜误差, 能实时控制两个变形 镜同时工作, 实现高分辨率成像。
本发明与现有技术相比有如下优点: 本发明使传统的共焦扫描自适应光学 系统成像质量大幅增加, 能同时控制两个变形镜校正高阶和低阶像差, 将不再 需要分步校正高阶和低阶像差, 节省系统工作时间和控制设备, 提高系统工作 效率, 提高系统对复杂像差的校正带宽, 明显改善传统共焦扫描自适应光学系 统准确性和实时性。
附图说明
图 1为本发明具体实施方式中共焦扫描成像系统结构示意图。
图 2为本发明所述光路与信号处理流程图。
具体实鮮式
根据说明书附图 1及图 2,对如何具体实施本发明提出的共焦扫描成像系统 及其像差控制方法, 详细介绍如下:
1、 由光源组件之激光光源 (1 ) 通过光纤耦合器链接光纤 (2), 激光通过 光纤 (2 ) 的传输, 光纤的末端置于耦合透镜 (3 ) 的焦点位置, 经过耦合透镜 ( 3), 激光以平行光的方式出射, 经反射镜 (4), 进入分光镜 (5 )。 本发明所 述的分光镜 (5 ), 一般为透射率高反射率低的分光镜, 投射率与反射率的比值 一般为 92: 8。透射率高是为了保证从人眼返回来的信号光能较大程度的通过分 光镜 (5 )进入光电探测器部分。 照明激光在经过分光镜 (5 ) 后进入反射式球 面望远镜 (6和 7)。 在球面反射镜 7的共轭平面处放置高阶变形镜 (8 )。 本发 明中高阶变形镜是为校正系统高阶像差, 因此高阶变形镜多釆用 MEMS变形镜, 在不大的变形面上有很多驱动器单元。 经过高阶变形镜后的照明光再经过反射 式球面望远镜 (9和 10 ) 缩束, 进入二维成像扫描组件。
2、 二维成像扫描组件以两个独立的光学扫描振镜为主, 振镜之间通过反射 式球面望远镜连接。 照明光经过横向扫描振镜 (11 ) 的扫描后变成线扫描光, 再经过望远镜 (12和 13 ) 扩束后被纵向扫描振镜 (14) 扫描, 形成面照明光。
3、 经过纵向扫描振镜(14)后的面照明光再经过反射式球面望远镜(15和 16) 到达低阶变形镜 (17)。 由于低阶变形镜处于光学系统的共轭面, 与高阶变 形镜、 横向扫描振镜、 纵向扫描振镜以及人眼瞳孔精密共轭。 本发明中低阶变 形镜是为校正系统大行程低阶像差, 因此低阶变形镜口径较大, 驱动器数量也 较高阶变形镜更少。 经过低阶变形镜后照明光束再经过反射式球面望远镜 (18 和 19 ) 后, 直接照射在人眼瞳孔 (20)。
4、 照明光束入射在人眼瞳孔 (或待测样品)表面, 经瞳孔聚焦后进入人眼 眼底 (21 ), 从人眼眼底返回的信号光按原路返回 (从 19返回到 5), 经过分光 镜(5 )后, 通过分光镜 (22 )分光, 透射光进入共焦扫描探测器组件, 共焦扫 描探测器组件由聚光透镜 (23)、.针孔 (24)和探测器 (25 )组成。 被聚光透镜 会聚后的信号光经过针孔 (24), 针孔的通光孔径大小和放置位置非常重要。 针 孔的通光孔径大小一般为 1-2倍光学系统的艾利衍射斑尺寸, 针孔放置于聚光 透镜 (23 ) 的焦点处。 经过针孔后的信号光, 将具备与成像平面 (即人眼瞳孔 或被成像样品)精确共焦的性质, 也就是共焦平面之外的杂散光将被针孔遮挡。 这样探测器 (25) 所接收到的信号光与成像平面精确共焦, 并且噪声被抑制。 共焦扫描探测器组件、 纵向振镜和横向振镜通过控制终端 (26 ) 控制, 通过横 向扫描与纵向扫描同步工作, 完成对人眼视网膜的面扫描过程, 结合探测器组 件所记录信号光的强度信息, 完成对人眼视网膜的图像重构。
5、 从人眼眼底返回的信号光通过分光镜 (22 ) 分光, 反射部分的信号光则 进入自适应光学探测组件, 到达哈特曼波前传感器 (27), 波前传感器中的微透 镜阵列将信号光波前分成上百个子孔径光, 利用控制终端 (26 ) 计算各子孔径 光的斜率数据, 并产生相应驱动电压, 驱动高阶变形镜(8)和低阶变形镜(17 ) 实时校正系统高阶和低阶像差, 得到人眼眼底高分辨率图像。
6、 在普通的激光共焦扫描系统中, 系统通过扫描振镜 (11 和 14 ) 的二维 扫描来完成图像重构, 得到共焦图像视频图像, 但由于光路中存在像差, 系统 成像质量较差, 而在本发明中加入了自适应光学系统, 实时校正系统像差, 得 到高分辨率图像。
7、 本发明中应用了双变形镜同时校正系统像差, 具体校正的方法是高阶变 形镜(8 )校正高频像差, 低阶变形镜 (17 ) 校正低频像差, 与其他双变形镜校 正系统不同的是, 本发明釆用新的控制方法实现了双变形镜同时工作, 并得到 了与双变形镜分步校正相同的效果。
8、 本发明采用的控制方法是基于直接斜率法的更优控制算法, 简单地釆用 直接斜率法应用于双变形镜自适应光学系统, 并控制双变形镜同时工作, 则系 统校正效果明显差于双变形镜分步校正的效果, 因为双变形镜自适应光学系统 中, 变形镜之间存在耦合效应, 无法应用直接斜率法控制双变形镜同时工作。 本发明采用的控制方法, 在应用直接斜率法的基础上, 巧妙地加入了解耦算法, 对直接斜率法进行了优化, 消除了变形镜之间的耦合效应, 得到了与双变形镜 分步校正相同的校正效果。 同时, 构造新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除了变形镜的 piston (平移), tip (横向倾斜) 和 tilt (纵向倾斜) 误差的影响。
9、 在单变形镜自适应光学系统中, 斜率矢量 S是由变形镜的响应矩阵 D和 驱动电压矢量 V计算得到, 即
S = DxV (1)
10、 而在双变形镜自适应光学系统中, 考虑到高阶变形镜在有效孔径中有 着更多的驱动器单元, 为了消除双变形镜之间的耦合效应, 本发明构造了一个 新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵 ,', 与初始的高阶变形镜响应矩阵 D,相比, 去除了与 低阶变形镜耦合部分 ,, 如式 (2):
(2)
11、 而 ,可以由式 (3)计算得到,
Figure imgf000008_0001
12、 其中 C„„是耦合系数矩阵, 此系数矩阵又能通过式 (4) 和式 (5) 计算 得到,
S = D,xVt=DwxVw (4)
Vw =D S = D D,x ; =CmxVw (5)
13、 其中 是 的伪逆矩阵, 通过式(6)即可得到消除了耦合效应之后的 高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 而通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正。
D* =Df - DM =D,- Dw (Ζ? D, ) (6)
14、 本发明的控制方法除了带有解耦运算以外, 还去除了 piston, tip 和 tilt的误差影响。 在自适应光学系统中, 变形镜都会产生不同程度的 piston, tip和 tilt误差, 去除 piston误差的方法是将各驱动器电压之和置零, 即
Figure imgf000009_0001
15、 同样的, 去除 tip和 tilt误差的方法是 Χ,Υ方向上的位置矢量和响应 电压乘积之和置零, 即
∑:^=∑^=
16、 式 (8)用矩阵的形式表示则为
CwxVw=C,xV, =0 (9)
17、 构造一个新的变形镜响应矩阵 ,,,
D..., = Cw 0 (10)
0 c,
18、 式 (10)将式 (9) 包含其中, 巧妙地消除了 piston, tip和 tilt误 差的影响, 最终得到了双变形镜自适应光学系统新的斜率矢量计算公式, 即
S = D V = = DWVW+D*V, (11)
Figure imgf000009_0002
19、 通过上述控制方法上的改进, 本发明已经具备了双变形镜同时工作的 条件, 经过上述过程, 即可对人眼 (或其他待测样品) 实现双变形镜髙分辨率 成像功能。
需要说明的是, 尽管本发明的较佳实施方案已公开如上, 尤其公幵如图 2 所示的光路与信号处理流成图, 但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运 用, 它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域, 对于熟悉本领域的人员而言, 可容易地实现另外的修改, 因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概 念下, 本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 所述共焦扫描成像系统 包括光源组件、二维成像扫描组件、双变形镜校正组件、 自适应光学 波前探测组件、系统控制组件和探测器组件,所述探测器组件置于所 述系统返回光路的终端,所述光源组件发射的照明光通过所述系统的 所述二维成像扫描组件、所述双变形镜校正组件后进入人眼, 从所述 人眼反射回来的信号光原路返回,其中一部分所述信号光被所述探测 器组件探测,另一部分所述信号光被所述自适应光学波前探测组件探 测,其中通过所述自适应光学波前探测组件控制所述双变形镜校正组 件来校正系统像差, 其特征在于: 所述光学波前探测组件基于直接斜 率控制方法,并加入解耦算法优化所述直接斜率控制方法来消除所述 双变形镜之间的耦合效应, 由此来同步控制双变形镜校正组件工作, 斜率计算方法如下:
构造一个新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 去除与低阶变形镜耦合部 分,通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正; 同时构造一个 新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除 piston、 tip和 tilt误差影响, 得到双 变形镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法,其特征 在于: 所述光源组件包含一个柱面透镜, 用以预补偿光学系统的静态 像差。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 其特 征在于:所述二维成像扫描组件由一个横向扫描振镜和一个纵向扫描 振镜组成,通过横向扫描与纵向扫描同步工作, 完成对人眼视网膜的 面扫描过程, 结合探测器组件所记录信号光的强度信息, 完成对人眼 视网膜的图像重构。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 其特 征在于:所述自适应光学波前探测组件包含一个微透镜阵列, 通过子 孔径探测的方法将波前信息分割成上百个单元,并通过 CCD探测得到 各单元波前的斜率数据。 '
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 其特 征在于:所述双变形镜校正组件包含两个变形镜: 低阶变形镜和高阶 变形镜;所述低阶变形镜校正所述系统低频像差,所述高阶变形镜校 正所述系统高频像差。
6. 一种共焦扫描成像系统, 包括:
光源组件, 其用于发射照明光;
二维成像扫描组件;
双变形镜校正组件;
自适应光学波前探测组件和探测器组件; 和
系统控制组件;
其中所述探测器组件置于所述系统返回光路的终端,所述光源组 件发射的照明光通过所述系统的所述二维成像扫描组件、所述双变形 镜校正组件后进入人眼, 从所述人眼反射回来的信号光原路返回,其 中一部分所述信号光被所述探测器组件探测,另一部分所述信号光被 所述自适应光学波前探测组件探测,其中通过所述自适应光学波前探 测组件控制所述双变形镜校正组件来校正系统像差, 其特征在于: 所述光学波前探测组件基于直接斜率控制方法,并加入解耦算法 优化所述直接斜率控制方法来消除所述双变形镜之间的耦合效应,由 此来同步控制双变形镜校正组件工作; 斜率计算方法如下:
构造一个新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 去除与低阶变形镜耦合部 分,通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正; 同时构造一个 新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除 piston、 tip和 tilt误差影响, 得到双 变形镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的共焦扫描成像系统, 其特征在于: 所述光 源组件包含一个柱面透镜, 用以预补偿光学系统的静态像差。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的共焦扫描成像系统, 其特征在于: 所述二 维成像扫描组件由一个横向扫描振镜和一个纵向扫描振镜组成。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的共焦扫描成像系统, 其特征在于: 所述自 适应光学波前探测组件包含一个微透镜阵列,通过子孔径探测的方法 将波前信息分割成上百个单元,并通过 CCD探测得到各单元波前的斜 率数据。
10. 根据权利要求 6所述的共焦扫描成像系统,其特征在于:所述双 变形镜校正组件包含两个变形镜:低阶变形镜和高阶变形镜; 所述低 阶变形镜校正所述系统低频像差,所述高阶变形镜校正所述系统高频 像差。
11. 一种共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法,所述共焦扫描成像系统 包括有双变形镜校正组件和自适应光学波前探测组件, 其特征在于. - 所述光学波前探测组件基于直接斜率控制方法,并加入解耦算法 优化所述直接斜率控制方法来消除所述双变形镜之间的耦合效应,由 此来同步控制双变形镜校正组件工作; 斜率计算方法如下:
构造一个新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 去除与低阶变形镜耦合部 分, 通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正; 同时构造一个 新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除 piston、 tip和 tilt误差影响, 得到双 变形镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。
12. 根据权利要求 Π所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 其 特征在于:所述自适应光学波前探测组件包含一个微透镜阵列, 通过 子孔径探测的方法将波前信息分割成上百个单元,并通过 CCD探测得 到各单元波前的斜率数据。
13. 根据权利要求 11所述的共焦扫描成像系统的像差控制方法, 其 特征在于:所述双变形镜校正组件包含两个变形镜:低阶变形镜和高 阶变形镜;所述低阶变形镜校正所述系统低频像差,所述高阶变形镜 校正所述系统高频像差。
14.一种共焦扫描成像系统, 所述共焦扫描成像系统包括有双变形镜 校正组件和自适应光学波前探测组件, 其特征在于:
所述光学波前探测组件基于直接斜率控制方法,并加入解耦算法 优化所述直接斜率控制方法来消除所述双变形镜之间的耦合效应,由 此来同步控制双变形镜校正组件工作; 斜率计算方法如下:
构造一个新的高阶变形镜响应矩阵, 去除与低阶变形镜耦合部 分,通过此响应矩阵可以正确地控制变形镜闭环校正; 同时构造一个 新的变形镜响应矩阵, 消除 piston、 tip和 tilt误差影响, 得到双 变形镜自适应光学系统准确的斜率矢量计算方法。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的共焦扫描成像系统, 其特征在于: 所述 自适应光学波前探测组件包含一个微透镜阵列,通过子孔径探测的方 法将波前信息分割成上百个单元,并通过 CCD探测得到各单元波前的 斜率数据。
16. 根据权利要求 14所述的共焦扫描成像系统, 其特征在于: 所述 双变形镜校正组件包含两个变形镜: 低阶变形镜和高阶变形镜; 所述 低阶变形镜校正所述系统低频像差,所述高阶变形镜校正所述系统高 频像差。
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