WO2021253633A1 - 一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端 - Google Patents

一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端 Download PDF

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WO2021253633A1
WO2021253633A1 PCT/CN2020/111730 CN2020111730W WO2021253633A1 WO 2021253633 A1 WO2021253633 A1 WO 2021253633A1 CN 2020111730 W CN2020111730 W CN 2020111730W WO 2021253633 A1 WO2021253633 A1 WO 2021253633A1
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contour
innermost
centroid coordinates
image data
data
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PCT/CN2020/111730
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English (en)
French (fr)
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游冠宜
欧新木
黄继波
付春启
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福州富昌维控电子科技有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • G06K7/1404Methods for optical code recognition
    • G06K7/1408Methods for optical code recognition the method being specifically adapted for the type of code
    • G06K7/14172D bar codes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • G06K7/1404Methods for optical code recognition
    • G06K7/1439Methods for optical code recognition including a method step for retrieval of the optical code
    • G06K7/1443Methods for optical code recognition including a method step for retrieval of the optical code locating of the code in an image

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of two-dimensional codes, in particular to a method for identifying batch two-dimensional codes and an identification terminal.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a batch two-dimensional code recognition method and recognition terminal, which can realize batch recognition of two-dimensional codes with high recognition accuracy.
  • a method for identifying batch two-dimensional codes including the following steps:
  • a batch two-dimensional code recognition terminal includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when the processor executes the computer program:
  • the batch two-dimensional code recognition method and recognition terminal provided by the present invention extract all contour data from the binarized image data, analyze all contour data, and obtain the innermost contour corresponding to each contour data. And respectively calculate the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour; and respectively calculate the distance and angle relationship between the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour and the centroid coordinates of other innermost contours, and the distance and The centroid coordinates with equal angles are divided into the same two-dimensional code area; according to the outermost contour corresponding to the centroid coordinates of the same two-dimensional code area, the positioning of the two-dimensional code is realized.
  • the positioning point feature of the two-dimensional code is mainly used to realize the segmentation and extraction of multiple two-dimensional codes in a single image, so as to realize the recognition of batch two-dimensional codes.
  • Code effectively reduce the number of camera photos and improve detection efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the steps of the method for identifying batch two-dimensional codes of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a batch two-dimensional code recognition terminal of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positioning point of the two-dimensional code of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of identifying batch two-dimensional codes according to the present invention.
  • a method for identifying batch two-dimensional codes includes the following steps:
  • the batch two-dimensional code recognition method provided by the present invention extracts all contour data from the image data after binarization processing, analyzes all contour data, and obtains each The innermost contour corresponding to the contour data, and the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour are calculated separately; and the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour and the centroid coordinates of the other innermost contours are calculated separately The distance and angle relationship between, divide the centroid coordinates with equal distance and angle into the same two-dimensional code area; according to the outermost contour corresponding to the centroid coordinates of the same two-dimensional code area, the positioning of the two-dimensional code is realized.
  • the positioning point feature of the two-dimensional code is mainly used to realize the segmentation and extraction of multiple two-dimensional codes in a single image, so as to realize the recognition of batch two-dimensional codes.
  • Code effectively reduce the number of camera photos and improve detection efficiency.
  • step S4 it also includes:
  • step S2 further includes: storing the centroid coordinates of each of the innermost contours obtained by calculation in the memory;
  • Step S5 is specifically:
  • step S1 is specifically:
  • the acquired image is usually a color image with a large amount of data
  • the two-dimensional code image can be recognized only by relying on black and white two colors
  • the image is converted from color to grayscale image, which improves the two-dimensional image.
  • the accuracy of code recognition can also simplify the amount of data.
  • step S2 is specifically:
  • the present invention also provides a batch two-dimensional code identification terminal, including a memory 1, a processor 2, and a computer program stored in the memory 1 and running on the processor 2, so The processor 2 implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the batch two-dimensional code recognition terminal provided by the present invention extracts all contour data from the binarized image data, analyzes all contour data, and obtains each The innermost contour corresponding to the contour data, and the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour are calculated separately; and the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour and the centroid coordinates of the other innermost contours are calculated separately The distance and angle relationship between, divide the centroid coordinates with equal distance and angle into the same two-dimensional code area; according to the outermost contour corresponding to the centroid coordinates of the same two-dimensional code area, the positioning of the two-dimensional code is realized.
  • the positioning point feature of the two-dimensional code is mainly used to realize the segmentation and extraction of multiple two-dimensional codes in a single image, so as to realize the recognition of batch two-dimensional codes.
  • Code effectively reduce the number of camera photos and improve detection efficiency.
  • processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the acquired image is usually a color image with a large amount of data
  • the two-dimensional code image can be recognized only by relying on black and white two colors
  • the image is converted from color to grayscale image, which improves the two-dimensional image.
  • the accuracy of code recognition can also simplify the amount of data.
  • processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • each two-dimensional code can be separated for subsequent information screening through a single photo.
  • the method for identifying batch two-dimensional codes includes the following steps:
  • step S1 is specifically: acquiring a piece of image data to be recognized, first performing grayscale processing on the image data, and then performing binarization processing on the grayscale processed image data.
  • the image data is two-dimensional image data, because the acquired image is usually a color image with a large amount of data, and the two-dimensional code image can be recognized only by relying on black and white two colors, so the image is converted from color to grayscale image , While improving the accuracy of QR code recognition, it can also simplify the amount of data.
  • This scheme uses the maximum difference between classes algorithm to set the binarization threshold.
  • the largest difference algorithm divides the image into two parts, the background and the foreground, according to the gray characteristics of the image.
  • the segmentation threshold between the target and the background is recorded as T, and the number of pixels in the image whose gray value is less than the threshold T is recorded as the number of target pixels n, which accounts for all the pixels in the image.
  • the ratio of the number of pixels is denoted as ⁇ 0
  • the average gray level is ⁇ 0
  • the number of pixels whose gray value is greater than the threshold T is denoted as the number of background pixels m
  • the proportion of all pixels is ⁇ 1
  • the average gray level is ⁇ 1
  • the total average gray level of the image is recorded as ⁇
  • the variance between classes is recorded as g. Then they satisfy the following formula:
  • the traversal method can be used to obtain the threshold T that maximizes the between-class variance g.
  • step S2 is specifically:
  • the above-mentioned contour data contains a double vector, and each element in the vector stores a set of points composed of continuous points, each set of points represents a contour, and the number of vectors represents the number of contours.
  • the level data is a vector corresponding to the contour one-to-one.
  • Each element in the vector stores an array containing 4 integers, which respectively represent the index numbers of the next contour, the previous contour, the parent contour, and the embedded contour of the current contour. If the current profile does not have a corresponding relationship profile, the corresponding bit is set to -1.
  • the format of the contour data extracted by traversal is analyzed, and all the innermost contours are found, that is, the contour with the embedded contour position of -1, and the innermost contour data is recorded in the memory; the calculation is extracted to The centroid coordinates of the innermost contour are recorded in the memory.
  • f(i,j) is the gray value of the image at the coordinate point (i,j). If m 00 is regarded as the gray quality of the image, the centroid coordinates are:
  • the distance formula from point to point is: Assuming there are two points A(a,b) and B(c,d), the distance formula between points AB is:
  • the two-point straight line equation is: Given two points A(x 1 ,y 1 ) and B(x 2 ,y 2 ), the straight line equation is:
  • is the angle between the two straight lines.
  • the error threshold can be obtained from experiments to be between 0 and 1.5. If the distance difference is within this threshold, the distance is deemed equal; for the same reason, the difference between the angle and 90 degrees is here. Within the threshold, the angles are also considered equal. The centroids with the same distance and angle are grouped into the same QR code area.
  • the point with the smallest x coordinate is taken as the leftmost point (x 1 , y 1 ), the point with the largest x coordinate is the rightmost point (x 2 , y 2 ); the point with the smallest y coordinate is the uppermost point (x 3 , y 3 ), and the point with the largest y coordinate is the lowermost point (x 4 , y 4 ).
  • Cross the top and bottom points as horizontal lines, and cross the left and right points as vertical lines.
  • step S4 it also includes:
  • the present invention also provides a batch two-dimensional code identification terminal, including a memory 1, a processor 2, and a computer program stored on the memory 1 and running on the processor 2, and the processor 2 executes
  • the computer program implements the following steps:
  • the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are also implemented: acquiring a piece of image data to be recognized, first performing grayscale processing on the image data, and then performing binarization processing on the grayscale processed image data .
  • the image data is two-dimensional image data, because the acquired image is usually a color image with a large amount of data, and the two-dimensional code image can be recognized only by relying on black and white two colors, so the image is converted from color to grayscale image , While improving the accuracy of QR code recognition, it can also simplify the amount of data.
  • This scheme uses the maximum difference between classes algorithm to set the binarization threshold.
  • the largest difference algorithm divides the image into two parts, the background and the foreground, according to the gray characteristics of the image.
  • the segmentation threshold between the target and the background is recorded as T, and the number of pixels in the image whose gray value is less than the threshold T is recorded as the number of target pixels n, which accounts for all the pixels in the image.
  • the ratio of the number of pixels is denoted as ⁇ 0
  • the average gray level is ⁇ 0
  • the number of pixels whose gray value is greater than the threshold T is denoted as the number of background pixels m
  • the proportion of all pixels is ⁇ 1
  • the average gray level is ⁇ 1
  • the total average gray level of the image is recorded as ⁇
  • the variance between classes is recorded as g. Then they satisfy the following formula:
  • the traversal method can be used to obtain the threshold T that maximizes the between-class variance g.
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program: using a digital binary image topology analysis method based on the boundary tracking method to extract all contour data from the binary image data Analyze all contour data to obtain the innermost contour corresponding to each contour data, and calculate the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour respectively.
  • the above-mentioned contour data contains a double vector, and each element in the vector stores a set of points composed of continuous points, each set of points represents a contour, and the number of vectors represents the number of contours.
  • the level data is a vector corresponding to the contour one-to-one.
  • Each element in the vector stores an array containing 4 integers, which respectively represent the index numbers of the next contour, the previous contour, the parent contour, and the embedded contour of the current contour. If the current profile does not have a corresponding relationship profile, the corresponding bit is set to -1.
  • the format of the contour data extracted by traversal is analyzed, and all the innermost contours are found, that is, the contour with the embedded contour position of -1, and the innermost contour data is recorded in the memory; the calculation is extracted to Record the centroid coordinates of the innermost contour to the memory.
  • f(i,j) is the gray value of the image at the coordinate point (i,j). If m 00 is regarded as the gray quality of the image, the centroid coordinates are:
  • the distance formula from point to point is: Assuming there are two points A(a,b) and B(c,d), the distance formula between points AB is:
  • the two-point straight line equation is: Given two points A(x 1 ,y 1 ) and B(x 2 ,y 2 ), the straight line equation is:
  • is the angle between the two straight lines.
  • the error threshold can be obtained from experiments to be between 0 and 1.5. If the distance difference is within this threshold, the distance is deemed equal; for the same reason, the difference between the angle and 90 degrees is here. Within the threshold, the angles are also considered equal. The centroids with the same distance and angle are grouped into the same QR code area.
  • the point with the smallest x coordinate is taken as the leftmost point (x 1 , y 1 ), the point with the largest x coordinate is the rightmost point (x 2 , y 2 ); the point with the smallest y coordinate is the uppermost point (x 3 , y 3 ), and the point with the largest y coordinate is the lowermost point (x 4 , y 4 ).
  • Cross the top and bottom points as horizontal lines, and cross the left and right points as vertical lines.
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the invention provides a batch two-dimensional code recognition method and recognition terminal, which extracts all contour data from the binarized image data, analyzes all the contour data, and obtains each contour data Corresponding to the innermost contour, and respectively calculate the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour; and respectively calculate the distance between the centroid coordinates of each innermost contour and the centroid coordinates of other innermost contours As well as the angle relationship, the centroid coordinates with equal distances and angles are divided into the same two-dimensional code area; according to the outermost contour corresponding to the centroid coordinates of the same two-dimensional code area, the positioning of the two-dimensional code is realized.
  • the positioning point feature of the two-dimensional code is mainly used to realize the segmentation and extraction of multiple two-dimensional codes in a single image, so as to realize the recognition of batch two-dimensional codes.
  • Code effectively reduce the number of camera photos and improve detection efficiency.

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Abstract

本发明涉及二维码技术领域,尤其涉及一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端。通过在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;并分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;根据同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,进而实现二维码的定位。在识别过程中主要是利用二维码的定位点特征实现单图多个二维码的分割提取,从而实现批量二维码的识别。

Description

一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端 技术领域
本发明涉及二维码技术领域,尤其涉及一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端。
背景技术
现有二维码检测方案,在单幅图像中检测多个二维码时,往往只能检测到其中随机的一个,无法完全检测出来。对于一些需要批量识别二维码的场景,就无法得到有效应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端,能够实现批量识别二维码且识别精度高。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一技术方案为:
一种批量二维码的识别方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
本发明采用的另一技术方案为:
一种批量二维码的识别终端,包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时 实现以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端,通过在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;并分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;根据同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,进而实现二维码的定位。在识别过程中主要是利用二维码的定位点特征实现单图多个二维码的分割提取,从而实现批量二维码的识别,即对单幅图像进行一次拍照就能够提取多个二维码,有效减少相机拍照次数,提高检测效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的批量二维码的识别方法的步骤流程图;
图2为本发明的批量二维码的识别终端的结构框图;
图3为本发明的二维码的定位点的示意图;
图4为本发明的识别出批量二维码的示意图;
标号说明:
1、存储器;2、处理器。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、所实现目的及效果,以下结合实施方式并配合附图予以说明。
请参照图1,本发明提供的一种批量二维码的识别方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
由上述描述可知,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供的批量二维码的识别方法,通过在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;并分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;根据同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,进而实现二维码的定位。在识别过程中主要是利用二维码的定位点特征实现单图多个二维码的分割提取,从而实现批量二维码的识别,即对单幅图像进行一次拍照就能够提取多个二维码,有效减少相机拍照次数,提高检测效率。
进一步的,步骤S4之后还包括:
S5、重复步骤S3-S4,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
由上述描述可知,通过上述步骤,实现批量二维码的识别。
进一步的,步骤S2还包括:将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
步骤S5具体为:
将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
由上述描述可知,根据上述具体步骤,实现批量二维码的识别。
进一步的,步骤S1具体为:
获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。
由上述描述可知,由于获取的图像通常为数据量较大的彩色图像,而二维码图像仅依靠黑白两色就能够进行识别,因此将图像由彩色转为灰度化图像,在提高二维码辨识的精准度的同时,也能够简化数据量。
进一步的,步骤S2具体为:
使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
由上述描述可知,使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法能够分析出轮廓数据,进而实现二维码的定位点特征的确定。
继续参阅图2,本发明还提供的一种批量二维码的识别终端,包括存储器1、处理器2以及存储在所述存储器1上并可在所述处理器2上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器2执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
由上述描述可知,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供的批量二维码的识别终端,通过在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;并分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;根据同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,进而实现二维码的定位。在识别过程中主要是利用二维码的定位点特征实现单图多个二维码的分割提取,从而实现批量二维码的识别,即对单幅图像进行一次拍照就能够提取多个二维码,有效减少相机拍照次数,提高检测效率。
进一步的,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时还实现以下步骤:
S5、重复步骤S3-S4,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
由上述描述可知,通过上述步骤,实现批量二维码的识别。
进一步的,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
由上述描述可知,根据上述具体步骤,实现批量二维码的识别。
进一步的,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。
由上述描述可知,由于获取的图像通常为数据量较大的彩色图像,而二维码图像仅依靠黑白两色就能够进行识别,因此将图像由彩色转为灰度化图像,在提高二维码辨识的精准度的同时,也能够简化数据量。
进一步的,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
由上述描述可知,使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析 方法能够分析出轮廓数据,进而实现二维码的定位点特征的确定。
请参照图1、图3和图4,本发明的实施例一为:
在实际应用过程中,经常存在重复使用的快递盒子上会存留多个二维码信息,通过本发明提供的技术方案,能够通过一次拍照,分离出各个二维码供给后续的信息筛选。
本发明提供的一种批量二维码的识别方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
在本实施例中,步骤S1具体为:获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。
其中,图像数据为二维图像数据,由于获取的图像通常为数据量较大的彩色图像,而二维码图像仅依靠黑白两色就能够进行识别,因此将图像由彩色转为灰度化图像,在提高二维码辨识的精准度的同时,也能够简化数据量。
对图像进行二值化,区分图像的二维码目标和背景。
本方案利用最大类间差算法设定二值化阈值。其中最大类间差算法按照图像的灰度特性,将图像分割成背景和前景两个部分。
例如,对于一个W×H大小的图像,将目标和背景的分割阈值记为T,则图像中像素的灰度值小于阈值T的像素个数记为目标像素点个数n,占图像中所有像素点个数的比例记为ω 0,平均灰度为μ 0;像素的灰度值大于阈值T的像素个数记为背景像素点个数m,占所有像素点个数的比例为ω 1,平均灰度为μ 1;图像的总平均灰度记为μ,类间方差记为g。则它们满足以下公式:
μ=ω 0×μ 01×μ 1          公式1
g=ω 00-μ) 211-μ) 2         公式2
将公式1带入公式2,得到等价公式:
g=ω 0×ω 101) 2
而类间方差g越大,代表二维码图像目标与背景的差别越大,则二维码辨识的精准度就越高,采用遍历的方法便能够得到使类间方差g最大的阈值T。
在设定了阈值T后,遍历二维码图像的像素值,将大于或等于阈值T的像 素值设置为255,小于阈值T的像素值设为0,这样便能让二维码图像的目标与背景用黑白效果明显地区分出来。
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
在本实施例中,步骤S2具体为:
使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
其中,上述的轮廓数据包含双重向量,向量内每个元素都保存一组由连续的点构成的点的集合,每一组点集代表着一个轮廓,向量的数量代表着轮廓的数量。
层级数据是与轮廓一一对应的向量,向量内每个元素保存了一个包含4个整型的数组,分别表示当前轮廓的后一个轮廓、前一个轮廓、父轮廓和内嵌轮廓的索引编号。如果当前轮廓没有对应的关系轮廓,则相应的位被设置为-1。
如图3所示,为二维码的一个定位点,则轮廓的层级如下所示:
0[-1,-1,-1,1];
1[-1,-1,0,2];
2[-1,-1,1,3];
3[-1,-1,2,-1]。
在本实施例中,即为遍历提取的轮廓数据的格式进行解析,找到所有的最内层轮廓,即内嵌轮廓位置为-1的轮廓,将最内层轮廓数据记录到内存;计算提取到的最内层轮廓的质心坐标记录到内存。
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
在本实施例中,对于一个W×H大小的图像f(i,j),其p+q阶几何矩m pq和中心矩μ pq分别为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000002
其中f(i,j)为图像在坐标点(i,j)处的灰度值,若将m 00看作图像的灰度质量,则质心坐标为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000003
遍历步骤2中提取到的质心坐标,分别使用点到点的距离公式计算各个质心坐标间的距离,利用两点直线方程构造各两个质心之间的直线方程,利用两条直线夹角公式计算各个质心之间的角度;
其中,点到点的距离公式为:假设有A(a,b)、B(c,d)两点,则AB点之间的距离公式为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000004
两点直线方程为:已知两点A(x 1,y 1)、B(x 2,y 2),则直线方程为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000005
两条直线夹角公式为:已知两直线的斜率k 1、k 2,则:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000006
其中θ为两条直线夹角。
需要说明的是,根据实际识别精度要求,可以根据实验得到误差阈值在0~1.5之间,若距离差值在此阈值内,则认定距离相等;同理,角度与90度的差值在此阈值内,也认定角度相等。将距离与角度相等的质心归为同一个二维码区域。
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,通过遍历最外层轮廓中的所有点,取x坐标最小的点为最左点(x 1,y 1),x坐标最大的点为最右点(x 2,y 2);取y坐标最小的点为最上点(x 3,y 3),y坐标最大的点为最下点(x 4,y 4)。过最上点和最下点分别作水平线,过最左点和最右点分别作垂直线,取四条线的交点坐标分别为(x 1,y 3),(x 2,y 3),(x 1,y 4),(x 2,y 4),连接四条交点绘制矩形框,完成二维码的定位。
上述步骤S4之后还包括:
S5、将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,即为将分离出的二维码包含的质点从上述提取的质心坐标中删除,接着,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,即为循环定位所有区域的二维码,如图4所示,完成识别操作。
请参照图2、图3和图4,本发明的实施例二为:
本发明还提供的一种批量二维码的识别终端,包括存储器1、处理器2以及存储在所述存储器1上并可在所述处理器2上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器2执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:
S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时还实现以下步骤:获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。其中,图像数据为二维图像数据,由于获取的图像通常为数据量较大的彩色图像,而二维码图像仅依靠黑白两色就能够进行识别,因此将图像由彩色转为灰度化图像,在提高二维码辨识的精准度的同时,也能够简化数据量。
对图像进行二值化,区分图像的二维码目标和背景。
本方案利用最大类间差算法设定二值化阈值。其中最大类间差算法按照图像的灰度特性,将图像分割成背景和前景两个部分。
例如,对于一个W×H大小的图像,将目标和背景的分割阈值记为T,则图像中像素的灰度值小于阈值T的像素个数记为目标像素点个数n,占图像中所有像素点个数的比例记为ω 0,平均灰度为μ 0;像素的灰度值大于阈值T的像素个数记为背景像素点个数m,占所有像素点个数的比例为ω 1,平均灰度为μ 1;图像的总平均灰度记为μ,类间方差记为g。则它们满足以下公式:
μ=ω 0×μ 01×μ 1            公式1
g=ω 00-μ) 211-μ) 2            公式2
将公式1带入公式2,得到等价公式:
g=ω 0×ω 101) 2
而类间方差g越大,代表二维码图像目标与背景的差别越大,则二维码辨识的精准度就越高,采用遍历的方法便能够得到使类间方差g最大的阈值T。
在设定了阈值T后,遍历二维码图像的像素值,将大于或等于阈值T的像素值设置为255,小于阈值T的像素值设为0,这样便能让二维码图像的目标与背景用黑白效果明显地区分出来。
S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
在本实施例中,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
其中,上述的轮廓数据包含双重向量,向量内每个元素都保存一组由连续的点构成的点的集合,每一组点集代表着一个轮廓,向量的数量代表着轮廓的数量。
层级数据是与轮廓一一对应的向量,向量内每个元素保存了一个包含4个整型的数组,分别表示当前轮廓的后一个轮廓、前一个轮廓、父轮廓和内嵌轮廓的索引编号。如果当前轮廓没有对应的关系轮廓,则相应的位被设置为-1。
如图3所示,为二维码的一个定位点,则轮廓的层级如下所示:
0[-1,-1,-1,1];
1[-1,-1,0,2];
2[-1,-1,1,3];
3[-1,-1,2,-1]。
在本实施例中,即为遍历提取的轮廓数据的格式进行解析,找到所有的最内层轮廓,即内嵌轮廓位置为-1的轮廓,将最内层轮廓数据记录到内存;计算提取到的最内层轮廓的质心坐标记录到内存。
S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质 心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
在本实施例中,对于一个W×H大小的图像f(i,j),其p+q阶几何矩m pq和中心矩μ pq分别为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000008
其中f(i,j)为图像在坐标点(i,j)处的灰度值,若将m 00看作图像的灰度质量,则质心坐标为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000009
遍历步骤2中提取到的质心坐标,分别使用点到点的距离公式计算各个质心坐标间的距离,利用两点直线方程构造各两个质心之间的直线方程,利用两条直线夹角公式计算各个质心之间的角度;
其中,点到点的距离公式为:假设有A(a,b)、B(c,d)两点,则AB点之间的距离公式为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000010
两点直线方程为:已知两点A(x 1,y 1)、B(x 2,y 2),则直线方程为:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000011
两条直线夹角公式为:已知两直线的斜率k 1、k 2,则:
Figure PCTCN2020111730-appb-000012
其中θ为两条直线夹角。
需要说明的是,根据实际识别精度要求,可以根据实验得到误差阈值在0~1.5之间,若距离差值在此阈值内,则认定距离相等;同理,角度与90度的差值在此阈值内,也认定角度相等。将距离与角度相等的质心归为同一个二维码区域。
S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,通过遍历最外层轮廓中的所有点,取x坐标最小的点为最左点(x 1,y 1),x坐标最 大的点为最右点(x 2,y 2);取y坐标最小的点为最上点(x 3,y 3),y坐标最大的点为最下点(x 4,y 4)。过最上点和最下点分别作水平线,过最左点和最右点分别作垂直线,取四条线的交点坐标分别为(x 1,y 3),(x 2,y 3),(x 1,y 4),(x 2,y 4),连接四条交点绘制矩形框,完成二维码的定位。
在本实施例中,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时还实现以下步骤:
S5、将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,即为将分离出的二维码包含的质点从上述提取的质心坐标中删除,接着,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,即为循环定位所有区域的二维码,如图4所示,完成识别操作。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种批量二维码的识别方法及识别终端,通过在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;并分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;根据同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,进而实现二维码的定位。在识别过程中主要是利用二维码的定位点特征实现单图多个二维码的分割提取,从而实现批量二维码的识别,即对单幅图像进行一次拍照就能够提取多个二维码,有效减少相机拍照次数,提高检测效率。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等同变换,或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种批量二维码的识别方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
    S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
    S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
    S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的批量二维码的识别方法,其特征在于,步骤S4之后还包括:
    S5、重复步骤S3-S4,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的批量二维码的识别方法,其特征在于,步骤S2还包括:将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
    步骤S5具体为:
    将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的批量二维码的识别方法,其特征在于,步骤S1具体为:
    获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的批量二维码的识别方法,其特征在于,步骤S2具体为:
    使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
  6. 一种批量二维码的识别终端,其特征在于,包括存储器、处理器以及存 储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:
    S1、获取一待识别的图像数据,将所述图像数据进行二值化处理;
    S2、在二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标;
    S3、分别计算每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标与其他所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标的距离以及角度关系,将距离和角度均相等的质心坐标划分为同一二维码区域;
    S4、根据步骤S3得到的同一二维码区域的质心坐标所对应的最外层轮廓,定位二维码。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的批量二维码的识别终端,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时还实现以下步骤:
    S5、重复步骤S3-S4,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的批量二维码的识别终端,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
    将计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标存储至内存;
    将内存中已被识别出的二维码所对应的质心坐标删除,重复步骤S3-S4对其余质心坐标进行计算,直至识别出所有区域的二维码,完成识别操作。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的批量二维码的识别终端,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
    获取一待识别的图像数据,先将所述图像数据进行灰度化处理,再将灰度化处理后的图像数据进行二值化处理。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的批量二维码的识别终端,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时进一步实现以下步骤:
    使用基于边界跟踪方法的数字化二值图像拓扑结构分析方法对二值化处理后的图像数据中提取所有的轮廓数据,解析所有的轮廓数据,得到每个轮廓数据对应的最内层轮廓,并分别计算得到每个所述最内层轮廓的质心坐标。
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