WO2021249793A1 - Actionneur pour un réseau de dispositifs - Google Patents

Actionneur pour un réseau de dispositifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021249793A1
WO2021249793A1 PCT/EP2021/064378 EP2021064378W WO2021249793A1 WO 2021249793 A1 WO2021249793 A1 WO 2021249793A1 EP 2021064378 W EP2021064378 W EP 2021064378W WO 2021249793 A1 WO2021249793 A1 WO 2021249793A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
devices
data
activity
actuator
network
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/064378
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Grillenberger
Christopher Betzin
Andreas GRÖGER
Stefan Bucher
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2021249793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021249793A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/417—Bus networks with decentralised control with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems

Definitions

  • This communication is used, for example, to record current status data such as the temperature, the speed of a motor, time-independent characteristic data such as a nominal power or other physical and non-physical variables and pass them on to a central control unit.
  • the central control unit which forms the higher level, receives the data and brings them into context. For example, a handling instruction can be determined there from the collected data, which in turn is then transmitted to an actuator.
  • a handling instruction can be determined there from the collected data, which in turn is then transmitted to an actuator.
  • the system can continue to work to a limited extent, depending on the type of device failure. However, if the higher level fails, the entire system is blocked; such a failure can, for example, consist of an interrupted data connection to the central control unit. This results in a failure of the system, although none of the devices actually present locally in the system is defective.
  • the actuator according to the invention is designed for operation and use in a device network which comprises a plurality of devices.
  • the actuator includes a communication interface for bidirectional data exchange with other devices in the device network.
  • the actuator includes an actuator for controllable influence on a system that is assigned to the device network.
  • the actuator comprises a memory for temporarily storing data received from other devices in the device network, where the data include identification data and status data of the devices.
  • the actuator is also designed to determine an activity permit by means of data exchange with at least some of the other devices in the device group.
  • the activity permit is determined in such a way that only one of the devices in the device group has an activity permit at a time.
  • the actuator receives the authorization for activity from another device in the device network.
  • the actuator issues the activity permit to another device in the device network.
  • the actuator appears neither as a master device nor as a slave device, but rather as both, depending on the point in time. If the device network has additional actuators of the same type includes, these therefore mutually pass on the activity permit.
  • none of the devices is a master device and superordinate, but the devices act on an equal footing.
  • the actuator is designed in such a way that, when the activity permit is present, it determines and executes an activity for the actuator system from the temporarily stored data.
  • Actuators are a means of physical influence. Those skilled in the art are familiar with a large number of actuators, in particular switches such as contactors, pumps, conveyors and motors.
  • the actuator can be controlled by an electronic or power electronic system such as a converter.
  • the system that the actuator influences can be an electrical system such as a supply system for one or more loads.
  • the system can also be a flow system for a liquid or other medium that has pumps.
  • the system can also be a conveyor system for solid materials in particular.
  • the system can furthermore comprise robotic units of a production plant.
  • the activity determined when the activity permit is available can also consist of not taking any action, i.e. not using the actuators.
  • the identification data enable a clear recognition of the device for which it stands and thus a clear differentiation from the other devices in the device network.
  • the status data can be up-to-date measurement data of physical quantities, in particular electrical voltage, current, active power, apparent power, frequency, drive currents, speed, torque, flow rate, flow rate, temperature, speed, feed or pressure.
  • the status data can also include time-independent data, in particular device-specific data, in particular characteristic data of the devices, for example nominal power, optimal working point, maximum performance, delivery rate, maximum torque.
  • the actuator created in this way enables the device network to act independently and at least in part in a self-organized manner.
  • a higher-level entity such as a cloud system or a local higher-level controller is unnecessary for defining the actions of the actuators, even if the actions of different actuators in the device network influence each other and coordination therefore appears necessary.
  • the actuator created in this way enables its actuators to act safely and without overlapping or contradicting actions of other actuators in the device network, in that the actuator's actions are only carried out if the activity is permitted for this actuator. Transferred to the device network, this means that only the actuator may take action that is permitted to act at the given time.
  • the activity permit is assigned, for example, by the device that currently has the activity permit, i.e. it happens in a short time sequence through each of the devices. None of the devices stand out as a result.
  • the communication interface is, for example, a wired Ethernet connection, a WLAN or a mesh network connection.
  • the actuator can be designed to determine the activity permit by means of an activity token which is exchanged with the data between the devices of the device group.
  • the forwarding of the activity permit is preferably regulated in such a way that only one device, in particular only one of the actuators, can have the activity permit.
  • the activity permit is preferably exchanged cyclically between the devices. In other words, it is ensured that the devices receive the activity permit at largely the same time intervals, so that none of the devices must or may systematically act more frequently than other devices. This ensures an equal load on the devices and equal rights for different sections of the device network.
  • the data are preferably also sent cyclically by the devices. This can be achieved, for example, by a controller that couples the sending of the data containing the status data to the activity permit.
  • the activity permit must then also be given to devices that are not actuators themselves so that they can also send their data.
  • the activity permit is only exchanged between the actuators of the device network.
  • the actuator In order to implement a distributed data model in the device network and to enable all devices to always have all the data of the device network available, it is useful if the actuator temporarily stores all received data and also sends it back to the other devices at a later point in time .
  • the actuator temporarily stores several sets of received data. This makes it possible to determine from the data which of the other devices of the device network have been inactive for a period of time, have not received an activity permit or have retained the activity permit.
  • An advantageous device network with a plurality of devices can be built from the actuator, optionally further actuators with the properties described, and optionally further devices.
  • the device network can also include other types of devices, in particular measuring devices. Measuring devices are devices that determine physical values. These determined values are added to the data by the measuring devices and transmitted together with the other data to the other devices in the device network.
  • the device network can include devices that are passive with regard to the forwarding of the activity permit and are therefore not taken into account in the activity permit.
  • measuring devices can be treated as passive devices.
  • measuring devices are involved in the transfer of the activity permit.
  • each device in the device network receives data from the other devices in the device network, stores it temporarily and sends it to the other devices in the device network together with its own data or separately from it.
  • Figure 1 shows an energy distribution system with transformers to supply a load
  • FIG. 2 shows a pump system with several pumps for conveying a liquid.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment for a device network in the form of an energy distribution system 10.
  • the energy distribution system 10 comprises three parallel arms 121... 123 which connect a supply network 14 to a load 16.
  • the Ver sorgungsnetztechnik 14 is, for example, the public Ver ⁇ sorgungsnetztechnik, wherein the connection of the arms takes place ... 121 123 in this example, located on the medium-voltage network.
  • Each of the arms 121 ... 123 comprises a series connection of a transformer 181 ... 183 and a switch 191 ... 193.
  • Zusiger ⁇ is Lich in each of the arms, a measuring device 201 ... 203 present.
  • the transformers take over the supply of the load 16 with a suitable voltage, for example the voltage of the local network of 400 V. Via the switches 191 ... 193, the transformers 181 ... 183 are switched on or off as required.
  • the load 16 is shown in Figure 1 as an element. In reality, the load is 16 but the sum of many Ele ⁇ ments, the individual by their behavior and indi ⁇ vidual time-varying power demands require also temporally variable and limited predictable overall performance that provides ... 123 absorbge over the arms 121 must become. This results in a time-variable requirement that is covered by switching on transformers 181 ... 183 that vary over time.
  • switches 191 ... 193 must be switched as required.
  • the central controller takes for the data of an individual device 11 and determines demand switch ⁇ settings.
  • the central control device can be arranged lo cally and be part of the energy distribution system 10. Alternatively, the central control device can also be locally remote or completely decentralized in the manner of a cloud service.
  • the disadvantage is that the operation of the energy distribution system 10 in this case is completely dependent on the functioning and on the accessibility of the central controller. Is the central control via a network such as the Internet is connected ⁇ , causes a disturbance at the same time that the switch can not be appropriately controlled. Even if the central control is arranged locally, the operation of the energy distribution system 10 depends on its functioning.
  • the devices 11 work in the present embodiment for the invention with a distributed data model.
  • modern devices are becoming more common 11 oh ⁇ Nehin equipped with microprocessors to control and a commu nication interface and thus certain basic functions are to form a composite device with the United shared data model already exists.
  • Status data can be measurement data, i.e. current data that indicate the physical status of a system.
  • status data are also understood to be characteristic data of the devices 11 that do not change over time.
  • the measuring devices 201 ... 203 send the measured power in the respective arm 121 ... 123 to the other devices 11.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 also send their respective switching status to the other devices 11.
  • the transformers 181 ... 183 finally send their rated power to the other devices 11.
  • At least some of the nine devices 11 can buffer the received data and distribute them again in the device network. It is particularly advantageous if all the devices 11, all received data caching and also all different classes of such cached data to the other devices 11 continue to send as single one in this manner, the failure ⁇ NEN device 11 or a communication link to ge slightest influence on the continued operation of the has remaining devices 11 of the device network.
  • the data of the measuring devices 201 ... 203 in the distributed data model look like this when output in JSON format:
  • the measuring devices 201 ... 203 indicate by the value “type”: “data-source” that they provide status data in the form of measured values.
  • 203 give the transformers 201 ... by the value “ty pe”, “data-source” can also be seen that they provide state ⁇ data, in this case, the constant time because construction-rated power.
  • the assignment to the respective physical transformer is in turn indicated by the respective value for "physical binding".
  • the switches 191 ... 193 indicate through the value "type”: “da ta-sink” that they are receiving status data and process.
  • the respective value for “physical-binding” in turn specifies the assignment to the respective physical transformer.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 indicate by specifying “device type”: “Actor” that they indicate the physical state of the Can change the device network by controlling intervention, so here by connecting or disconnecting the respective arm 121 ... 123.
  • Other forms of actuators are, for example, converters.
  • the actuators of the device network that is to say the switches 191 ... 193, have data from the measuring devices 201 ... 203 and the transformers 181 ... 183 as well as mutually from the other switches 191 ... 193 available. Each switch can use this data to determine whether a switching operation is necessary.
  • ⁇ processing of 10 kW for the first and second transformers 181, 182 and a rated power of 5 kW is assumed for the third transformer of a rated Leis.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 are designed for the corresponding currents and voltages, but otherwise identical.
  • the operation of the energy distribution system 10 is described below using an exemplary profile of power requirements of the load 16.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 are switched off, i.e. open.
  • the measuring devices 201 ... 203 measure sen in the arms 121 ... 123 each have a power of 0.
  • the nominal power of the transformers 181 ... 183 is known from the mutual transmission of the status data, in particular the switches 191 ... 193.
  • the first switch 191 is activated. This should be done in this example by an external, ma ⁇ Nuelle action.
  • the related to the load 16 Leis ⁇ tung is 5 kW for a while, as evidenced by the first trans formator can be provided 181 easily.
  • the measuring device 201 ⁇ ... 203 send a corresponding measured values to the other devices 11, in particular, the switches 191 ... 193, thereby he can know ⁇ that no switching operations are necessary.
  • the third transformer 183 since it has a smaller power rating than the other free , so the second transformer 182.
  • the firmware of the second switch 192 can independently from the information provided to them to ⁇ state data, namely recognizing the actual performance and the power rating that no action for the second switch 192 is.
  • the firmware of the third scarf ⁇ ters 193 can recognize that the third switch 193 should SEN eventually to the third transformer 183 to supply the load 16 to be switched on. Which is in a second switching performed step, bringing the maximum available to ⁇ de power to 15 kW increases.
  • the second and third switches 192, 193 thus use, independently of one another, the information of the device network available to them to determine whether a switching process is necessary.
  • the power drawn from the load 16 increases to 11 kW for a period of time.
  • each of the switches 191 ... 193 can determine that no further switching operations are required.
  • the power drawn from the load 16 drops to 4.5 kW in this example.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 can now independently determine which switching operations are necessary.
  • the first switch 191 should be geöff ⁇ net, which is performed in a third switching step to the unnecessary 10 kW rated power of the load decoupling. Switching off the third switch 193 would also be possible, but would make more nominal power available than is necessary for the actually drawn power of 4.5 kW.
  • the drawn power should subsequently increase again to 8 kW.
  • the third switch 193 is now opened and the first or second switch 191, 192 is closed in order to provide 10 kW rated power.
  • the second switch 192 if the second switch 192 holds the activity token at the time of the load change, the second switch 192, that is, its control, can decide that the second transformer 182 needs to be switched on, since the power from the third transformer alone is not available can be and since no other currently pickedschalte ⁇ ter transformer 181 ... 183 with a smaller power rating than the second transformer is present 182nd In a fourth switching step, the second switch 192 is therefore closed.
  • the third switch 193 which receives the token activity at a later time, using the measurement values of the Messge ⁇ can boards 201 ... 203 recognize that the third transformer 183 is no longer needed and can be opened then.
  • the first switch 191 which also receives the activity token at a later point in time, can use the measured values of the measuring devices 201 ... 203 to recognize that switching on the first transformer 181 is unnecessary, i.e. no switching action of the first switch 191 is necessary.
  • the first switch 191 if the first switch 191 holds the activity token at the time of the load change, the first switch 191 would close instead of the second switch 192 and the second switch 192 could recognize from the received data that there is no longer any need for action. Token of activity thus avoiding conflicts ones with ambiguous situati ⁇ .
  • the activity token is passed on in the most fail-safe and uniform manner possible.
  • a device 11 of the device group that wants to pass on the activity token can mark the activity permit for itself as temporarily invalid and then select another device 11 to which the activity token is to be passed on.
  • This determination can take place, for example, in that the device 11 looks at a list of the most recently received data from the other devices 11. From this data, which contain the activity token and its respective recipient, the device 11 can determine which of the existing devices 11 has not received the activity permit for the longest time. For this purpose, it is useful if the device 11 stores the data received, at least with regard to the activity token, over a plurality of transmission cycles.
  • the currently known data and the activity token are sent together with the determined device 11, ie its identification, as a recipient to the other devices 11.
  • this sending can be a broadcast or a specific message to the recipient, with the device 11 having to select all other devices 11 one after the other as recipients in the second case. Since the other devices 11 also have to forward the activity token at a later point in time and have to select a recipient for this purpose, it is expedient to transmit the recipient of the activity token to all other devices 11 even when forwarding with a single recipient.
  • the recipient of the activity token can expediently send an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the activity token. If the current device 11 does not receive a confirmation of receipt within a reception time window, the device can classify its own activity permit as active again or try to send the activity token to another device 11 to pass on.
  • This reception time window can be 100 ms, for example.
  • the devices 11 of the device network determine whether the activity token is passed on at all within a definable passing time window. If this does not happen, a malfunction is assumed in the device 11 which is currently holding the activity token.
  • the operation of the devices hold the composite aufrechtzuer ⁇ , it is expedient to provide the activity token after such a failure by a mechanism to one of the ak tive devices 11 in the device composite. This may in ⁇ example by a randomly controlled mechanism gen SUC, in which each of the devices 11 a randomly determined time after the transmission time window waiting and the device 11, in which this time is shortest, a new receptions and seminars ger for the activity token selects and so starts the transfer of the activity token again.
  • the switches 191 ... 193 can decide independently of one another whether switching operations are necessary, but that the switches 191 ... 193 must receive prior knowledge about the relationships between the status data cyclically exchanged in the data model.
  • Each of the switches 191 ... 193 need to know, for example, on which other parts of the system he ⁇ A river takes. In the present example, each of the switches must know that it is connected to the transformer 181 ... 183 and the measuring device
  • each of the switches 191 ... 193 needs to know that the actual performance of the sum of the reco ⁇ te the meters 201 ... 203.
  • a pipe joint 30 provided ⁇ see, in a medium such as oil or water is pumped.
  • a medium such as oil or water
  • the system of FIG. 2 comprises a first to fourth pump 311... 314, which can pump additional medium from their own pipe connections into the pipe connection 30.
  • the pumps 311 ... 314 are operated by means of a first to fourth frequency converter 331 ... 334.
  • a further flow meter 34 is EXISTING ⁇ that measures the total flow.
  • the pumps 311 ... 314, their frequency converters 331 ... 334 and the flow measuring devices 321 ... 324, 34 in turn form a device network in which the status data of the devices are exchanged with one another.
  • the pumps provide their respective maximum flow rate and their optimal operating point, i.e. the optimal speed and the associated best efficiency, as status data.
  • the flow meters provide the instantaneous value for the flow.
  • the frequency inverters 331 ... 334 represent the actuators of the device network.
  • the task of the device interconnection of the secondariessbei ⁇ , game is to promote a certain flow rate of the medium and to 311 to appropriately operate the pumps ... 314th Each pump should, if possible, be operated at its optimal level of efficiency.
  • the unit network is now optimized independently and any- one without the intervention of a central Steue ⁇ .
  • one of the pumps 311... 314, which currently has the activity permit uses the data from the measuring devices and the other pumps 311. optimal operatio ⁇ can ben while maintaining a constant total volume flow, totaling tet power savings signified ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur pour un réseau de dispositifs, qui comprend une pluralité de dispositifs, dont au moins une partie sont des actionneurs, et qui échange des données d'état avec tous les autres dispositifs du réseau de dispositifs. Il détermine une autorisation d'activité pour le mécanisme d'actionneur contrôlable dédié au moyen d'un échange de données avec au moins une partie des autres dispositifs du réseau de dispositifs, dans lequel l'autorisation d'activité est déterminée de telle manière qu'un seul des dispositifs du réseau de dispositifs possède à un moment spécifique une autorisation d'activité. Si une autorisation d'activité est présente, l'actionneur détermine une activité pour le mécanisme d'actionnement sur la base des données d'état temporairement stockées et exécute ladite activité.
PCT/EP2021/064378 2020-06-09 2021-05-28 Actionneur pour un réseau de dispositifs WO2021249793A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020207201.9A DE102020207201A1 (de) 2020-06-09 2020-06-09 Aktuator für einen Geräteverbund
DE102020207201.9 2020-06-09

Publications (1)

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WO2021249793A1 true WO2021249793A1 (fr) 2021-12-16

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PCT/EP2021/064378 WO2021249793A1 (fr) 2020-06-09 2021-05-28 Actionneur pour un réseau de dispositifs

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WO (1) WO2021249793A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110109266A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-05-12 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for co-operative charging of electric vehicles
US8548631B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2013-10-01 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for cooperative powering of unitary air conditioners
EP3016351A1 (fr) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-04 Pepperl + Fuchs GmbH Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de capteur avec plusieurs dispositifs de capteur, dispositif capteur, installation de capteur et système de capteur

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10983486B2 (en) 2018-09-14 2021-04-20 Johnson Controls Technology Company HVAC system with self-optimizing control from normal operating data
EP3627247B1 (fr) 2018-09-18 2023-04-05 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Architecture de commande pour véhicule

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110109266A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-05-12 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for co-operative charging of electric vehicles
US8548631B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2013-10-01 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for cooperative powering of unitary air conditioners
EP3016351A1 (fr) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-04 Pepperl + Fuchs GmbH Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de capteur avec plusieurs dispositifs de capteur, dispositif capteur, installation de capteur et système de capteur

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