WO2021245242A1 - Banknote mit prozessor - Google Patents
Banknote mit prozessor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021245242A1 WO2021245242A1 PCT/EP2021/065023 EP2021065023W WO2021245242A1 WO 2021245242 A1 WO2021245242 A1 WO 2021245242A1 EP 2021065023 W EP2021065023 W EP 2021065023W WO 2021245242 A1 WO2021245242 A1 WO 2021245242A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- banknote
- bank note
- payment
- nominal value
- bank
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/305—Associated digital information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/347—Passive cards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/383—Anonymous user system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/0806—Details of the card
- G07F7/0813—Specific details related to card security
- G07F7/082—Features insuring the integrity of the data on or in the card
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D2207/00—Paper-money testing devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bank note and a method for issuing, using and he set bank notes.
- the invention also relates to a method for processing payments using a terminal.
- cashless payment transactions means of payment are transferred without cash being transferred.
- cash ie banknotes or coins
- cash is exchanged between the debtor and the payee, whereas in the case of cashless payment there is no such exchange of cash.
- Cash for example, has the advantage that it is available to everyone and can be used as quickly as anywhere. For example, no bank account is required for cash-based payment processing.
- cash is often valued by its owners as a store of value.
- cashless payment methods have the advantage, for example, that they enable efficient payment processing, even if the payer and the payee are in remote locations, as is the case, for example, when shopping over the Internet.
- Known banknotes cannot do this.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating an improved bank note.
- Embodiments include a bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- An identification number of the banknote is stored in the memory of the security element, which identification number identifies an anonymous banknote account administered by a central bank issuing the banknote and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the processor is configured to execute a payment method with the bank note when executing the program instructions.
- the payment process includes:
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of the identification number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note comprises, for example, a communication interface via which it can, for example, receive the payment request and / or send the payment authorization.
- the communication interface is configured to communicate with a terminal for the purpose of receiving the payment request and / or sending the payment authorization.
- the payment request received via the communication interface is forwarded to the processor, for example.
- the payment authorization is sent by the processor to the communication interface for further transmission.
- the bank note comprises, for example, an input device for receiving the payment request and / or an output device for outputting the payment authorization, which is sent from the processor to the output device for the purpose of output.
- the payment request received via the input device is forwarded to the processor, for example.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note can not only be used as a cash payment means in the usual sense, but also that a cashless payment can also be made with the bank note.
- the banknote When used as a means of payment in cash in the usual sense, the banknote is handed over from the payer to the payee in the course of the payment processing or the payer hands over the corresponding banknote as change in the course of the payment processing to the payer.
- the bank note is handed over, ownership of the bank note is transferred from the sender to the recipient. With ownership of the banknote, ownership of the current nominal value of the banknote, i.e. the nominal value assigned to the banknote account of the banknote, also passes to the recipient.
- the payment is made by providing a payment-specific cryptogram by the banknote.
- This cryptogram authorizes a transaction in which the amount to be paid is transferred from the banknote account of the bank note to an account of the payee.
- the sent payment authorization or payment release comprises the corresponding payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing or releasing the corresponding payment or transaction.
- successful authentication of a terminal with respect to the banknote or successful authentication of the terminal from which the payment request is received, for example, by the banknote can be a prerequisite for generating the payment-specific cryptogram for authorization the payment and / or for the sending of the payment-specific cryptogram comprising the payment authorization.
- a corresponding authentication or authentication can take place, for example, using cryptographic keys and / or digital certificates. For example, a signature created by the terminal using a private cryptographic key as the signature key is checked using a public cryptographic key provided by a certificate of the terminal as the signature verification key.
- the amount of money that is in circulation and can be transferred both cash-based and cashless is defined by the amount of money or the sum of the nominal values that are assigned to banknote accounts of banknotes.
- the amount of money in circulation remains the same if the bank notes in circulation are retained. This means, for example, that bank notes in circulation can remain the same, but the nominal values assigned to the individual bank notes can change as a result of transactions.
- the banknote Since neither the banknote nor its banknote account is assigned to a legal or natural person, the banknote enables, for example, both cash-based and cashless anonymous payments, which are currently only possible with cash.
- additional restrictions could be implemented, for example, which limit transferable amounts of money and / or provide additional checking mechanisms from certain amounts of money.
- Corresponding checking mechanisms could, for example, require a release of the transaction by the central bank on the basis of a check of additional information about the corresponding transaction that is specified as necessary.
- the bank note and thus its nominal value in accordance with the bank note account can be passed on by physical handover, for example, that is to say a digital currency can be transferred.
- a digital currency can be transferred.
- no personal account of the user of the banknote ie an account assigned to a legal or natural person, is necessary for this.
- material and effort can be saved by reducing the purely analog currency.
- the effort involved in the physical transfer and transport of banknotes can be reduced.
- Such a banknote can, for example, be valued and used for direct contactless payment, with no or only limited control or tracking, since an individual banknote can be passed on at any time, as in the case of classic cash.
- the current nominal value of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element.
- Decisive for the actual nominal value of the banknote is its nominal value according to the banknote account.
- the nominal value stored in the bank note can be used to determine the current nominal value offline.
- the nominal value stored in the bank note is updated when a transaction confirmation signed by the central bank is forwarded to the bank note to conclude a transaction.
- the security element has a signature verification key for checking digital signatures of the central bank.
- the actual nominal value of a bank note is determined, for example, solely by the nominal value or the credit of the bank note account which is assigned to the bank note. In order to be able to dispose of the credit of the banknote account and thus the nominal value of the banknote, it is necessary to possess a real banknote with a banknote-specific cryptographic key for the corresponding banknote account.
- a cash payment or a cashless payment should be made with the banknote. If the current nominal value is identical to the amount to be paid, a cash payment is made, for example, in which the banknote is handed over to the payee and ownership of the latter is transferred to the payee. If the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, a cashless payment is made, for example.
- a corresponding payment request is sent to the banknote for a payment in the form of a transaction for an amount to be paid from the banknote account of the banknote to an account, for example a banknote account, of a payee.
- the banknote can authorize this transaction with a payment-specific cryptogram.
- the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, it would also be possible for a cash payment to be made and the excess amount to be repaid by the payee as change, for example in the form of cash, such as banknotes with a suitable nominal value.
- the current face value can assume any positive value including zero.
- the banknote account can therefore not be overdrawn, for example.
- the current nominal value can assume any value between zero and a specified maximum nominal value.
- the current face value can be any Assume a value greater than or equal to a specified minimum nominal value.
- the current nominal value can assume any value from and including a predetermined minimum nominal value up to and including a predetermined maximum nominal value.
- the nominal value of the bank note can include a guaranteed minimum nominal value and a variable additional nominal value component.
- the minimum nominal value can, for example, only be paid in the form of a cash payment with the transfer of the bank note, while the variable additional nominal value portion can be used in the course of a cash-based or cashless payment processing.
- the bank note could only be used to make cashless payments in which the remaining nominal value of the bank note is greater than or equal to the minimum nominal value. If an amount is to be paid with the bank note which would result in a remaining nominal value that would be smaller than the minimum nominal value, a cashless payment is blocked using the banknote account, for example.
- a minimum balance of the banknote account is set in the form of the guaranteed minimum nominal value.
- a cash-based payment must be made, in which the bank note is transferred. If the current nominal value of the bank note is greater than the amount to be paid, the difference can be refunded by the payee in the form of change, for example.
- the initial nominal value for the banknote or the starting balance of the banknote account is entered in a register of the central bank and is booked by the latter in a payment system managed by it.
- the central bank transfers the starting credit from an account of the central bank to the banknote account of the banknote to be initialized.
- the visual design, the introduced security features and / or the format of the banknote are dependent on its initial nominal value.
- bank notes with different initial nominal values differ from one another, for example with regard to their visual design, the introduced security features and / or the format.
- Banknotes with an identical initial nominal value have, for example, apart from one or more banknote-specific information, such as serial number, information on the year of issue, etc., an identical visual design, identical security features and / or formats.
- the bank note includes a visual indication of the minimum nominal value.
- the minimum nominal value for the banknote or the minimum credit established for the banknote account is entered in a register of the central bank.
- bank notes with different minimum nominal values differ from one another, for example with regard to their visual design, the introduced security features and / or the format.
- Banknotes with identical minimum nominal values have, for example, apart from one or more banknote-specific information, such as serial number, information on the year of issue, etc., an identical visual design, identical security features and / or formats.
- the initial nominal value assigned to the banknote is the entire nominal value which the banknote is transferred from the central bank to the banknote account assigned to the banknote in the course of its initialization.
- the entire nominal value initially assigned to the bank note is the guaranteed minimum nominal value and an initial additional nominal value portion.
- the additional nominal value portion is variable, for example, depending on the transactions which are carried out from and to the banknote account of the banknote.
- the visually indicated initial nominal value is a portion of the total nominal value that is assigned to the bank note as a starting credit in the bank note account in the course of its initialization.
- the corresponding portion is the minimum nominal value, whereby the actual total nominal value can initially be larger, i.e.
- the total nominal value which the banknote is transferred to the banknote account in the course of its initialization is a minimum nominal value of the banknote, which is for example visually indicated on the banknote.
- the visual indication of the initial nominal value is, for example, at the same time a visual indication of the minimum nominal value of the bank note.
- the minimum nominal value differs from the initial nominal value.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of the minimum nominal value in addition to the visual indication of the initial nominal value.
- variable additional nominal value portion takes place, for example, by a transaction of a corresponding amount on the banknote account of the banknote.
- the transaction can originate from another account, for example a banknote account of another banknote or an account of the central bank.
- the variable additional nominal value portion can be increased indefinitely.
- the variable additional nominal value portion can be increased as a function of the minimum nominal value and / or the initial nominal value.
- a maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component for the banknote account of the corresponding banknote is in one managed by the central bank Register registered.
- the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value portion of the banknote is 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900% or 1000% of the minimum nominal value of the banknote.
- a maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component is uniformly limited upwards for all bank notes issued by the central bank. For example, in a transaction to a bank note account of a bank note, as a prerequisite for executing the transaction, a check is made as to whether the transaction exceeds the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component. If the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component is not exceeded, the transaction is carried out. If the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value is exceeded, the transaction will not be carried out.
- the bank note can be paper-based and / or plastic-based, for example.
- the bank note comprises one or more layers of material.
- paper, plastics and / or metal foils can be used as materials for the material layers.
- a material layer can also comprise combinations of several of these materials.
- the layers of material are laminated together.
- the material layers can in particular comprise electronic components, for example a security element with processor and memory, an antenna, a display, an input device and / or sensors, or form them in combination with one another.
- the banknote is flexible, for example.
- the bank note comprises, for example, a plurality of security features which make it possible to check the authenticity and validity of the bank notes.
- the plurality of security features can include, for example, one or more level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features.
- Level 1 security features are security features that can be recognized directly by humans and checked without further aids.
- Level 2 security features are machine-readable security features which are used, for example, for commercial requirements for checking the authenticity of banknotes.
- Level 3 security features are security features that are only known to the issuing central bank.
- Central banks use such machine-readable security features, which are kept secret, in order to ensure the integrity of the cash cycle and to guarantee that only genuine banknotes are put back into circulation. Furthermore, central banks use such level 3 security features in order to take real banknotes out of circulation if necessary and to destroy them in a controlled manner if the fitness of the corresponding banknotes is no longer sufficient, for example due to soiling and / or wear and tear.
- the security features can include, for example, tactile, acoustic or visible features.
- materials such as Security papers, used with a characteristic haptic impression and / or a characteristic sound when rubbing and / or crumpling.
- haptically detectable embossings are made in the bank note.
- visually detectable security features such as watermarks, see-through windows, see-through registers, register printing elements, foil elements, guilloches, iris printing elements, anti-copying grids, mottled fibers, micro-perforations, microscripts, optically variable printing inks, pearlescent strips, security threads and / or special colors are used.
- who uses the security elements such as metamerism color combinations, fluorescent colors, diffractive optical elements and / or scrambled indicia microprinted patterns.
- machine-readable security elements are used, such as infrared properties of the printing ink, phosphorescent inks, magnetic elements, elements with characteristic electrical conductivity and / or copy protection elements, such as a digital watermark and / or standardized patterns, for example a EURion constellation or Omron rings.
- the banknote comprises one or more security features which are only known to and / or can be checked by the issuing central bank, i.e. level 3 security features, such as the M feature of the ECB.
- Security features in particular level 1 and level 2 security features, can have the advantage that they enable those involved to check a banknote for authenticity, i.e. authenticity and validity, without much effort. This enables the bank note to be used for cash payments, which include a transfer of the bank note from a payer to a payee.
- a “communication interface” is understood here, for example, as an interface via which data can be received and sent, with the communication interface being able to be configured with or without contact.
- Network can take place, for example, via a network.
- a "network” is understood here to mean any transmission medium with a connection for communication, in particular a local connection or a local network, in particular a local area network (LAN), a private network, in particular an intranet, and a digital private network (Virtual Private Network - VPN).
- LAN local area network
- VPN Virtual Private Network - VPN
- a computer system can have a standard radio interface for connection to a WLAN.
- it can be a public network such as the Internet.
- this connection can also be established via a cellular network .
- Contactless communication with the banknote is possible, for example, using Near Field Communication (NFC).
- NFC Near Field Communication
- NFC can be implemented, for example, in accordance with one of the standards ISO 1444S, 18092, 21481, ECMA 340, 352, 356, 362 or ETSI TS 102 190.
- the communication interface of the bank note includes, for example, an antenna for contactless communication.
- the antenna includes, for example, an induction coil.
- the induction coil can also be configured for the external energy supply of the bank note, for example by means of energy harvesting.
- the induction coil is configured so that a terminal couples energy into the bank note.
- a “processor” is understood here and in the following to be a logic circuit that is used to execute program instructions.
- the logic circuit can be implemented on one or more discrete components, in particular on a chip Data lines for communication with other components.
- a “processor” is understood to mean a microprocessor or a microprocessor system made up of a plurality of processor cores and / or a plurality of microprocessors.
- a “memory” is understood here to mean, in particular, a non-volatile memory.
- a “non-volatile memory” is understood here to mean, for example, an electronic memory for permanent storage of data.
- a non-volatile memory can be configured as a non-changeable memory, which is also referred to as read-only memory (ROM), or as a changeable memory, which is also referred to as non-volatile memory (NVM).
- ROM read-only memory
- NVM non-volatile memory
- this can be an EEPROM, for example a Flash EEPROM, referred to as Flash for short.
- Flash Flash for short.
- a non-volatile memory is characterized by the fact that the data stored on it are retained even after the energy supply has been switched off.
- a “protected memory area” is understood here to mean an area of an electronic memory to which access, i.e. read access or write access, is only possible via a processor of the security element. For example, no external access, ie data, is possible to the protected memory area can neither be brought in from the outside nor output to the outside. For example, data can be read out from the protected memory area via the processor. th memory area can be introduced. According to embodiments, access from or via the processor coupled to the memory is only possible if a condition that is required here is met. This can be, for example, a cryptographic condition, in particular a successful authentication and / or a successful authorization check. Such a check can be based, for example, on an electronic signature with a signature key.
- Asymmetric key pairs are used for a large number of cryptosystems and also play an important role in the signature of electronic documents.
- An asymmetric key pair consists of a public key, which is used to encrypt and / or decrypt data and may be passed on to third parties, and a private key, which is used to encrypt and / or decrypt data and is usually kept secret must become.
- the public key enables anyone to encrypt data for the owner of the private key and to check digital signatures created with the private key.
- a private key enables its owner to decrypt data encrypted with the public key or to create digital signatures.
- a signature created with a private key can be verified with the associated public key.
- a digital signature in the following also referred to simply as “signature”, is a cryptographic method in which a further data value, which is referred to as “signature”, is calculated for any data.
- a signature can, for example, be a hash value of the output data encrypted with a private cryptographic key.
- a security element is understood here to mean, for example, an electronic component which comprises a processor and a memory and to which only certain predefined accesses are made possible. For example, only certain data values that are stored in certain areas of the memory, for example, can be read out. For example, data values stored in a protected memory area cannot be read out. For example, to write a data value in the memory of the security element, a digital signature is necessary, the verification key of which is stored in the security element. For example, only the processor has write rights to write data in a protected memory area.
- the security element also provides, for example, cryptographic core routines in the form of cryptographic program instructions with cryptographic algorithms for signature creation and / or verification, key generation and / or random number generation and can also serve as a secure memory for cryptographic keys. For example, at least parts of the security element are signed. Before the security element is used, it is checked whether the signature or the signatures are valid. If one of the signatures is not valid, the use of the security element is blocked, for example.
- the security element has physically restricted access options.
- the security element I can have additional measures against misuse, in particular against unauthorized access to data in the memory of the security element.
- a security element includes sensors for monitoring the state of the security element and its surroundings in order to detect deviations from normal operation, which may indicate attempts at manipulation.
- Corresponding sensor types include, for example, a clock frequency sensor, a voltage sensor and / or a light sensor.
- Clock frequency sensors and voltage sensors detect, for example, deviations in clock frequency, temperature and / or voltage upwards or downwards from a predefined normal range.
- a security element can comprise non-volatile memories with a protected memory area.
- the means for protecting the security element against unauthorized manipulation include mechanical means which, for example, are intended to prevent the opening of the security element or its parts, or which, if an attempt is made to intervene in the security element, render it unusable, for example if data is lost.
- mechanical means which, for example, are intended to prevent the opening of the security element or its parts, or which, if an attempt is made to intervene in the security element, render it unusable, for example if data is lost.
- at least parts of the security element can be enclosed, cast and / or laminated in a material, the attempted removal of which leads to an inevitable destruction of the corresponding parts of the security element.
- the visual information is, for example, information that is incorporated into the bank note in an optically readable form.
- this information is printed, embossed, engraved, punched out, cut out or introduced in some other optically detectable manner on the bank note and / or a material layer of the bank note.
- These visual features can be detected, for example, with an optical sensor such as a camera.
- the cryptogram results from the application of a cryptographic algorithm.
- the identification number of the bank note and a payment-specific code are encrypted as input values with the bank-note-specific cryptographic key.
- the identification number is also stored in the protected storage area of the memory of the security element. Embodiments can have the advantage that the identification number can also be efficiently protected from unauthorized access.
- the bank note comprises a plurality of security features.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the authenticity and validity of the bank note can be checked using the security features, which are, for example, level 1, level 2 and / or level S security features.
- one or more security features of the plurality of security features include an indication of the serial number and / or the identification number of the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that when the corresponding one or more security features are recorded, the serial number and / or the identification number of the bank note can also be recorded.
- the security features can be used to check not only the authenticity and validity of the banknote itself, but also the authenticity and validity of the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote.
- a connection or assignment of the physical banknote and the banknote account of the banknote secured by the corresponding security features can be provided, which can be identified, for example, using the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote.
- the one or more security features which include an indication of the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote, for example level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features.
- the bank note includes the visual indication of the serial number distributed several times over the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the serial number can be recorded even if the bank note is partially damaged. For example, details of the serial number are incorporated into the bank note in combination with and / or as a component of several security features. This could have the advantage that as long as there are enough security features to confirm the authenticity and validity of the banknote, the serial number of the banknote can be recorded.
- the majority of details of the serial number are distributed over the bank note in such a way that it can be ensured that the serial number of the bank note can be determined as long as more than 50% of the bank note is present.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that if a part of the bank note is lost, this is ensured it can be that as long as more than 50% of the banknote is present, which is, for example, a prerequisite for replacing the banknote, the present more than 50% comprise the serial number of the banknote.
- the serial number can be recorded and the current nominal value of the bank note can be determined according to the bank note account.
- the identification number is a banknote account number of the anonymous banknote account individually assigned to the banknote.
- the identification number is a number generated independently of the serial number of the bank note.
- the independently generated identification number is assigned to the serial number of the bank note. For example, the identification number is assigned to the serial number using an entry in a register administered by the central bank which assigns the identification number to the serial number.
- the identification number is the serial number of the bank note.
- the identification number is a bank note account number, generated using the serial number, of the anonymous bank note account individually assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the associated banknote account can be identified using the information on the banknote, such as the serial number of the banknote, and the current nominal value of the banknote can thus be determined.
- the identification number is an identification number which is assigned to the banknote account number of the anonymous banknote account individually assigned to the banknote, for example in a register entry of a register administered by the issuing central bank. According to embodiments, the identification number is generated independently of the serial number of the banknote and assigned to it, for example in a register entry of a register administered by the issuing central bank. According to embodiments, the identification number is generated independently of the banknote account number of the anonymous banknote account individually assigned to the banknote and assigned to this, for example in a register entry of a register administered by the issuing central bank.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that, in the case of a register-based assignment, access to the register may be necessary in order to be able to determine the associated banknote account for a banknote.
- access to the register may be necessary in order to be able to determine the associated banknote account for a banknote.
- the issuing central bank Register it is possible, for example, for the relevant central bank alone to determine the banknote account associated with a banknote.
- the payment-specific code comprises a time stamp and / or a random number.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the cryptogram can be efficiently individualized for each payment.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that cryptograms can be efficiently individualized. In other words, it can be ruled out, for example, that the same cryptogram is generated for two different payments with the same bank note, even when identical amounts are paid to identical payees. If, for example, a cryptogram is presented to the central bank to authorize a payment, which has already been processed by the central bank, it follows that the presented cryptogram is no longer valid.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key is a symmetrical cryptographic key. According to execution forms, the banknote-specific cryptographic key is a private cryptographic key of a banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair.
- the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote is the one public cryptographic key of the banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair of the banknote, a number derived from the public cryptographic key of the banknote and / the one of the public cryptographic key of the Number assigned to banknote.
- a corresponding assignment can for example be made using a corresponding assignment entry in a register administered by the issuing central bank.
- the bank note includes a visual indication of the public cryptographic key of the bank note, a value derived from the public cryptographic key of the bank note and / or a value assigned to the public cryptographic key of the bank note.
- a corresponding assignment can take place, for example, using a corresponding assignment entry in a register administered by the issuing central bank.
- one or more security features of the plurality of security features include an indication of the public cryptographic key of the bank note, one derived from the public cryptographic key of the bank note. th value and / or a value assigned to the public cryptographic key of the bank note.
- a corresponding assignment can take place, for example, using a corresponding assignment entry in a register administered by the issuing central bank.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that when the corresponding one or more security features are recorded, the public cryptographic key of the bank note, a value derived from the public cryptographic key of the bank note and / or a value assigned to the public cryptographic key of the bank note are also recorded can.
- the security features can be used not only to determine the authenticity and validity of the banknote itself, but also the authenticity and validity of the public cryptographic key of the banknote, a value derived from the public cryptographic key of the banknote and / or one of the public cryptographic key of the banknote assigned value can be checked.
- a connection or assignment of the physical banknote and the banknote account of the banknote, which is secured by the corresponding security features can be provided which, for example, can be generated using the public cryptographic key of the banknote, a value derived from the public cryptographic key of the banknote and / or a value assigned to the public cryptographic key of the banknote can be identified.
- the one or more security features which include an indication of the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote, for example level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features.
- the payment request specifies an amount to be paid and the amount to be paid is used as an additional input value for generating the payment-individual cryptogram.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the amount to be paid is also taken into account when the cryptogram is individualized.
- the payment authorization also includes the identification number and / or the payment-specific code in plain text.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the identification number provided in plain text and / or the payment-specific code can be used to check the validity of the cryptogram.
- the banknote account from which the payment is to be made can be identified using the identification number.
- the payment authorization further comprises the amount to be paid in plain text.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the The amount provided can be used to check the validity of the cryptogram. Furthermore, the amount to be paid can be seen without additional cryptographic processing steps.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with a terminal.
- the bank note receives the payment request from the terminal via the communication interface and / or sends the payment authorization to the terminal via the communication interface.
- the banknote comprises a user interface for communication with a user of the banknote, the banknote receiving the payment request from a user via an input device of the user interface and / or sending the payment authorization to the user interface for output via a display device of the user interface.
- the terminal can be, for example, a terminal of a seller at a point of sale (PoS), ie at the place where a sale is made.
- the terminal can also be be a terminal which is connected to a user computer system via which a payment with the banknote is to be processed
- the terminal could also be made available to a user in the form of a mobile, portable communication device, such as a smartphone be it a seller or a payment service provider.
- the banknote comprises a user interface for communication with a user of the banknote, the banknote receiving the payment request from a user via an input device of the user interface and / or sending the payment authorization to the user interface for output via a display device of the user interface.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the user can see and / or control which data are entered into the bank note and which data the bank note outputs.
- the input device can comprise a touch pad, for example.
- the display device can for example comprise a display.
- the input device can for example be combined with the display device, for example in the form of a touch display.
- the user enters the data of the payment request, for example using the input device in banknote.
- the payment request and / or the payment authorization is displayed to the user on the banknote's display device.
- a confirmation of the displayed payment request and / or payment authorization by the user using the input device of the banknote is, for example, a prerequisite for generating the payment authorization.
- the payment authorization is sent to the display device of the bank note for display, for example as an alphanumeric character string, bar code, or QR code.
- the payment authorization displayed on the display device can, for example, be scanned or read in using an optical sensor, for example a sensor of a terminal.
- a current nominal value of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal value can be read from the bank note.
- the actually binding nominal value of the banknote is determined by the balance of the associated banknote account.
- the current nominal value is stored in the protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the current nominal value is not stored in the protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the current nominal value of the banknote stored in the memory of the security element can be read out from the outside.
- the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element cannot be read out from the outside.
- the current nominal value of the banknote stored in the memory of the security element is used solely for an internal check, for example whether an amount to be paid is less than or equal to the current nominal value of the banknote.
- the serial number of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element.
- the initial nominal value of the bank note is initially stored as the current nominal value in the memory of the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that, based on this initial nominal value, the stored nominal value is adjusted for each successfully processed payment and the current nominal value can thus be tracked on the banknote side.
- the processor is further configured to match the amount to be paid with the stored current nominal value of the banknote when executing the program instructions and to generate the payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing the payment only provided that the stored current nominal value is greater or greater is equal to the amount to be paid.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the current nominal value is sufficient for the payment to be carried out.
- the processor is further configured to execute an update method for updating the stored current nominal value of the bank note when the program instructions are executed.
- the update process includes:
- the cryptographic verification key is the banknote-specific cryptographic key, for example a symmetrical cryptographic key.
- the cryptographic verification key is an additional cryptographic verification key stored in the memory of the security element to the banknote-specific cryptographic key, for example a public cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair assigned to the central bank.
- the signature verification key is stored in the security element, for example, in the course of producing the bank note.
- the update request is received in response to sending the payment authorization.
- the confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value is a payment confirmation from the central bank.
- the updated nominal value is the previous nominal value of the bank note minus the amount paid.
- the update request is sent in response to a payment transfer of an additional amount to the anonymous banknote account individually assigned to the banknote.
- the updated nominal value is the previous nominal value of the bank note plus the additional amount.
- no authorization by the corresponding banknote is necessary for a payment transfer of an additional amount to the banknote account of the banknote.
- an authorization by the corresponding banknote is necessary for a payment transfer of an additional amount to the banknote account of the banknote.
- the authorization takes place, for example, analogously to the authorization of payments with the banknote.
- Authorization includes, for example:
- the payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing the payment transfers of the additional amount to the banknote account of the banknote can be formed, for example, in an analogous manner to the payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing payments with the banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the bank note receives knowledge of payments to the bank note account and associated changes in the nominal value of the bank note.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation of the issuing central bank comprises the encrypted updated nominal value of the bank note.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation of the issuing central bank comprises the updated nominal value together with the identification number and / or the serial number of the bank note in encrypted form.
- execution Men includes the cryptographically secured confirmation of the issuing central bank of the updated nominal value together with a time stamp in encrypted form.
- a hash function is first applied to the data to be encrypted, for example updated nominal value, identification number, serial number and / or time stamp, and the resulting hash value is encrypted.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation is also received together with the banknote account number, the serial number of the banknote and / or the time stamp.
- the update request includes, in addition to the updated nominal value, the identification number of the bank note, the serial number of the bank note and / or the time stamp in plain text.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation for checking is decrypted using the checking key and one of the hash values is compared with a reference hash value calculated, for example, using the plain text data sent along with it. If there is a match, the test is successful.
- the updated nominal value is encrypted using the banknote-specific cryptographic key in the form of a symmetrical cryptographic key.
- the test key is the banknote-specific cryptographic key in the form of a symmetrical cryptographic key, with the use of which the cryptographically secured confirmation can be decrypted for checking.
- the updated nominal value is encrypted using a private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair assigned to the central bank, which key serves as a signature key.
- the test key is a public cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair assigned to the central bank, which is stored in the memory of the security element and which can be used to decrypt the cryptographically secured confirmation for testing.
- the bank note receives the update request from a terminal via the communication interface and / or sends the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element via the communication interface to the terminal.
- the terminal can provide a communication link for the bank note to the central bank or a server of the central bank.
- the processor is further configured to execute an output method for outputting the stored current nominal value of the bank note when the program instructions are executed.
- the issuing procedure includes:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal value stored in the bank note can be queried directly and knowledge about this can thus be obtained.
- the query can take place, for example, using a terminal or, if available, using a user interface of the bank note.
- the answer is sent, for example, to the terminal or to a display device of the user interface for display.
- the sent current nominal value of the bank note is signed with the bank note-specific cryptographic key in the form of a private cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair assigned to the bank note.
- the recipient of the signed current nominal value for example a terminal such as a terminal of a PoS, a user computer system and / or mobile portable telecommunication device, can check the signature with a public cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair assigned to the banknote as a signature verification key.
- the current nominal value sent is unsigned.
- a confirmation request for confirming the received current nominal value of the bank note is sent to the central bank.
- the serial number and / or the identification number of the banknote is sent together with the stored current nominal value of the banknote and is used by the recipient of the current nominal value as an identifier of the banknote for a confirmation request to the central bank to confirm the received current nominal value of the banknote.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for contactless communication with a mobile portable telecommunication device.
- the banknote receives the issue request from the mobile portable telecommunications device via the communication interface and / or sends the in the memory of the Si cherheitselements stored current nominal value of the banknote via the communication interface to the mobile portable telecommunication device.
- the bank note comprises a user interface for communication with a user of the bank note.
- the bank note receives the output request from a user via an input device of the user interface and / or sends the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element to the user interface for output via a display device of the user interface.
- the processor is further configured, when executing the program instructions, to execute an output method for outputting the identification number and / or serial number of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element, the output method comprising:
- the serial number and / or the identification number of the bank note serves the recipient as an identifier of the bank note for an interrogation of the current nominal value of the bank note at the issuing central bank.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal values of the banknote can be queried from the issuing central bank with a corresponding identifier and knowledge of this can therefore be obtained in a reliable form.
- Embodiments include a method of issuing a bank note.
- the issuing procedure includes:
- the bank note further comprising a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions
- the produced bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a bank note's serial number, which uniquely identifies the bank note, from a predefined range of serial numbers.
- the produced bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of the identification number.
- the produced bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the banknote can be initialized in a secure manner, i.e. identification number and banknote-specific cryptographic key can be introduced.
- the issuing method is configured to issue each of the previously described embodiments of the bank note.
- the bank note issued using the issuing method is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- the identification number is also stored in the protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the identification number can be securely stored.
- the method further comprises storing the initial nominal value of the bank note as the current nominal value in the memory of the security element.
- the method further comprises storing the serial number of the bank note in the memory of the security element.
- the method further comprises storing a public cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the issuing central bank.
- the public cryptographic key is used as a verification key for checking the signatures of the issuing central bank.
- the method further comprises sending a confirmation of manufacture confirming the manufacture of the bank note to the issuing central bank.
- the production confirmation includes the serial number and the initial nominal value of the banknote produced for storage in a first register of the issuing central bank.
- the initial nominal value indicates the current nominal value of the banknote when it was issued.
- the identification number of the bank note and the bank note-specific cryptographic key are received in response to the sending of the production confirmation for storage in the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the production of the bank note is accompanied by a central bank initialization of a bank note account which is assigned to the bank note.
- the allocation takes place centrally at the bank using the serial number and the initial nominal value.
- the correspondingly assigned identification number and the correspondingly assigned banknote-specific cryptographic key of the banknote produced are made available and the assignment can also be mapped on the banknote side.
- the first register is a publicly accessible register of the central bank.
- the serial number serves as a database access key for reading out the current nominal value of the bank note from the first register.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal value of a bank note is generally accessible.
- the identification number and the banknote-specific cryptographic key are received in response to the sending of the production confirmation after the issuing central bank has stored the identification number and / or the banknote-specific cryptographic key in a second register which contains the identification number and / or the banknote-specific assigns cryptographic key to the serial number of the banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the link or association between the physical bank note on the one hand and the digital bank note account on the other hand can be made by a corresponding entry in the second register.
- the identification number serves as a database access key for reading out the serial number of the banknote and / or the banknote-specific cryptographic key from the second register.
- the serial number serves as a database access key for reading out the identification number of the bank note and / or the bank note-specific cryptographic key from the second register.
- the registers administered by the central bank are implemented as a blockchain.
- the banknote's identification number is a blockchain address Banknote.
- the banknote account is implemented using a blockchain or as a blockchain address.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key is a private cryptographic key of a banknote-specific asymmetric key pair, which also includes a public cryptographic key of the banknote, from which, for example, the blockchain address of the banknote is derived.
- a “blockchain” is understood to mean an ordered data structure which comprises a plurality of chained data blocks. For example, it includes a hash value of its predecessor block and thus the validity of all of its predecessor blocks can be checked and, if necessary, confirmed on the basis of each block.
- a blockchain see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_chain_(database) and " Mastering Bitcoin ", Chapter 7, The Blockchain, page 161 ff.
- the concept of the blockchain was described for example in a white paper on Bitcoin in 2008 under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto (" Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System "
- the blockchain described therein consists of a series of data blocks in which one or more entries or transactions are combined and provided with a checksum in the form of a hash value. Additional blocks of the blockchain are generated, for example, in a computationally intensive process that is also known as mining. These additionally generated blocks are then added to the blockchain and distributed to all participants or nodes in the network via a network.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the blockchain offers a high degree of security against subsequent manipulation by storing cryptographic checksums, i.e. hash values, of the preceding block in the subsequent block. The chaining of the blocks can then be checked using these root hash values.
- Each block of the blockchain contains the hash of the entire previous block header in its header. The sequence of the blocks is thus clearly defined and a chain structure is created.
- the interlinking of the individual blocks implemented in this way ensures that subsequent modification of previous blocks or individual entries is practically impossible, since the hash values of all subsequent blocks would also have to be recalculated in a short time.
- a blockchain can, for example, also be implemented in the form of a blockchain, with only a selected group of participants being authorized to add valid blocks.
- a corresponding authorization can, for example, by means of a Signature can be verified using a private cryptographic key.
- the private cryptographic key can belong to an asymmetric key pair, which also includes a public cryptographic key with which the signature can be checked.
- the asymmetric key pair can also be assigned, for example, a certificate that proves the authorization to generate a valid block of the blockchain. This certificate can also be assigned to a PKI which proves the authenticity of the certificate.
- a public key can be stored in the blockchain in an initialization entry for further participants who are to be added to the selected group. This public key can be used to check whether the signatures of blocks and thus the corresponding blocks themselves are valid.
- Public keys of original participants of the selected group can for example be stored in a genesis block of the blockchain.
- the present blockchain managed by a central bank is, for example, a public blockchain that is managed on the central bank's blockchain servers. For example, new blocks are only entered by these blockchain servers managed by the central bank. In this case, for example, computationally intensive processes can be omitted when adding additional blocks. For example, all that is necessary to add additional blocks is a signature with a signature key assigned to the central bank.
- Consensus can also be implemented in a blockchain in other ways. For example, a consensus can be reached by voting on the inclusion of proposed entries in the blockchain. For example, each participant or block chain server keeps a clear list of other participants whom it trusts as a group. Each participant can suggest additional entries to be included in an additional block of the blockchain. A vote is taken on the inclusion and thus the recognition of the validity of the proposed entries. For example, each participant only votes on those suggestions that come from participants on his list. In other words, for the decision as to whether a proposal for an additional entry is recognized as valid, ie whether there is a consensus between the participants regarding the validity of this entry, only the votes of those participants who are included in the list of that participant are taken into account who makes the appropriate suggestion.
- the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (David Schwartz et al .: "The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm", Ripple Labs Inc., 2014, https://ripple.com/files/ripple_consensus_whitepaper.pdf) offers an example of such a consensus procedure ).
- the bank note is produced upon receipt of an order from a central bank issuing the bank note.
- an indication of the predefined range of serial numbers is received.
- an indication of the initial nominal value provided for the banknote is received.
- Embodiments include a method of using a bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory.
- An identification number of the banknote is stored in the memory of the security element, which identification number identifies an anonymous banknote account administered by a central bank issuing the banknote and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the procedure for paying by banknote includes:
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a bank note's serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the banknote includes, for example, a visual indication of the identification number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note used for paying is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- the payment request indicates an amount to be paid.
- the method for paying also includes comparing the amount to be paid with a current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element.
- the payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing the payment is only generated on the condition that the stored current nominal value of the bank note is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the bank note has a sufficient nominal value to carry out the payment.
- the method further comprises for updating the stored current nominal value of the banknote:
- the update request comprising an updated nominal value of the banknote together with a cryptographically secured confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the bank note has knowledge of the current nominal value assigned to it in accordance with the bank note account.
- the method further comprises for outputting the stored current nominal value of the bank note:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal value stored in the bank note can be queried directly and knowledge about this can thus be obtained.
- the query can take place, for example, using a terminal or, if available, using a user interface of the bank note.
- the answer is sent, for example, to the terminal or to a display device of the user interface for display.
- the serial number of the banknote is also stored in the memory of the security element, which is sent together with the stored current nominal value of the banknote and to the recipient of the current nominal value as an identifier of the banknote for a confirmation request to the central bank to confirm the current nominal value received serves the banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the issued current nominal value of the bank note can be confirmed by the central bank.
- Embodiments include a method of processing payments using a terminal.
- Payment is made with a bank note, which comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a bank note which comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- an identification number of the banknote is stored, which identifies an anonymous banknote account managed by a central bank issuing the banknote and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communication with the bank note.
- the procedure for processing a payment transfer through the terminal includes:
- the banknote is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid, and execution of the payment transfer,
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a bank note's serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the banknote includes, for example, a visual indication of the identification number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note, as already described above, cannot be used for a cash payment, but also for a cashless payment.
- the bank note used for payment processing is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the central bank, in addition to its role as the bank note issuing institution, also provides services in the area of payment transactions or payment processing to the bank note and / or the terminal or a payee using it and therefore as a classic bank or a commercial bank occurs.
- a central bank is understood here to be a national or supranational institution which has the monopoly right to issue coins and banknotes as legal tender.
- a central bank can also perform monetary policy tasks.
- a central bank holds the currency reserve of a currency area, for example it regulates the amount of money, for example it influences the creation of money by lending the commercial banks and / or refinances these commercial banks and the state.
- the central bank issues the banknotes and puts them into circulation.
- the terminal can be, for example, a terminal of a seller at a point of sale (PoS), ie at the place where a sale is made.
- the terminal can also be act a terminal which is connected to a user computer system, via which a payment with the banknote is to be processed.
- this is a payment processing management via a network, such as the Internet, to a service provider, be it a seller or a payment service provider.
- the terminal could also be provided to a user in the form of a mobile portable communication device, for example a smartphone.
- the user could use the mobile portable communication device, for example, to process payments via a network, such as the Internet, vis-à-vis a service provider, be it a seller or a payment service provider.
- the serial number and / or identification number of the bank note are also sent to the issuing central bank with the payment-specific cryptogram.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the central bank can assign the cryptogram to a bank note or a bank note account.
- the serial number and / or identification number of the banknote are sent, for example, in clear text to the issuing central bank.
- the serial number and / or identification number of the bank note is received together with the payment-specific cryptogram.
- the payment-individual code is also received with the payment-individual cryptogram and sent with the payment-individual cryptogram to the issuing central bank.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that payment-specific codes can be used to validate the cryptogram.
- the individual payment code is sent to the issuing central bank in plain text, for example.
- the issuing central bank has a check key for checking the validity of the payment-specific cryptogram.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key is, for example, a symmetrical cryptographic key and the verification key is a symmetrical cryptographic key.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key is, for example, a private cryptographic key and the verification key is a public cryptographic key of the same asymmetrical key pair assigned to the private cryptographic key of the banknote.
- the issuing central bank uses the identification number of the bank note to determine the serial number of the bank note, for example by means of a register query, for example the second register.
- the issuing central bank uses the identification number and / or the serial number to determine the current nominal value of the bank note.
- the determination includes register queries, for example the first and / or second register.
- an identification number of a recipient account for receiving the amount to be paid is also sent to the issuing central bank.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the central bank can carry out the payment from the bank note or the bank note account assigned to the bank note to the recipient account.
- the issuing central bank uses the identification number of the recipient account in order to transfer the amount to be paid to the recipient account from the anonymous banknote account managed by the issuing central bank and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote, based on a successful validation of the payment-specific cryptogram and a successful register check transfer. For example, payments can be made from one banknote account to another.
- the confirmation of the payment transfer is cryptographically secured and the method further comprises checking the confirmation using a cryptographic verification key.
- the cryptographic verification key for checking the confirmation of the payment transfer is, for example, a public cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair assigned to the central bank.
- the confirmation of the payment transfer includes an indication of the updated nominal value of the bank note together with a cryptographically secured confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that with the confirmation of the payment transfer, a confirmation of the updated nominal value can be provided at the same time and, for example, forwarded to the bank note for updating the stored nominal value.
- the issuing central bank updates the face value of the bill in a register.
- the updated nominal value is the previous nominal value of the bank note minus the amount paid.
- the nominal value of a bank note can be viewed on the basis of a register, for example the first register.
- the method further comprises sending an update request for updating the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element.
- the update request comprises the updated nominal value of the banknote together with the cryptographically secured confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note can thus be caused to update the stored nominal value.
- the banknote replaces the current nominal value stored in the memory of the security element with the received updated nominal value, provided that the verification of the cryptographically secured confirmation using a cryptographic verification key stored in the memory of the security element is successful.
- the cryptographic verification key is the banknote-specific cryptographic key, for example a symmetrical cryptographic key.
- the cryptographic verification key is an additional cryptographic verification key stored in addition to the banknote-specific cryptographic key, for example a public cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair assigned to the central bank.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation comprises the encrypted updated nominal value.
- the updated nominal value is encrypted together with the identification number or the serial number of the bank note.
- the updated nominal value is encrypted together with a time stamp.
- a hash function was first applied to the data to be encrypted and the resulting hash value was encrypted.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the updated nominal value is transmitted in a cryptographically secured manner and can be clearly assigned to the bank note.
- the time stamp can also be used to ensure that it is actually a current nominal value or a nominal value which is more current than a stored nominal value. For example, the bank note stores the current nominal value together with a time stamp assigned to the nominal value.
- the bank note when the nominal value is replaced by an updated nominal value in the course of an update, the bank note also replaces the previously stored time stamp with an updated time stamp which is assigned to the updated nominal value. For example, before updating the stored nominal value, the bank note checks whether a time stamp of a nominal value provided for updating is actually more current than the stored time stamp of the previous nominal value. This ensures that the time stamp used for updating is actually a more recent time stamp.
- the cryptographically secured confirmation is also received together with the identification number of the bank note, the serial number of the bank note and / or the time stamp.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the cryptographically secured confirmation can be clearly assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a plurality of security features.
- the method includes a successful acquisition and validation of one or more predefined security features of the multiple security features of the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note can be checked for authenticity and validity on the basis of the security features.
- a plurality of bank notes are received.
- a current nominal value is determined for each of the bank notes.
- a set of bank notes is selected and retained, the sum of the current nominal values of which result in an amount that is less than an amount to be paid.
- a remaining difference amount between the amount to be paid and the summed up amount of the set of selected bank notes is smaller than a current nominal value of a further bank note of the plurality of bank notes which is not included in the set of selected bank notes.
- the payment request for payment of the difference amount is sent to the further banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that a combination of cash-based and cashless payment could be made possible.
- the difference can be paid by withholding the additional banknote and the excess amount paid can be reimbursed.
- the excess amount paid can be reimbursed.
- all banknotes that have not been retained are returned.
- the bank notes of the plurality of bank notes each comprise a plurality of security features.
- the method includes, for example, a validity check for each of the bank notes.
- the validity check of the bank notes includes, for example, a successful detection and validation of one or more predefined security features of the multiple security features of the corresponding bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the authenticity and validity of all bank notes can be ensured, in particular the bank notes retained.
- a method for replacing a damaged bank note includes the visual indication of the serial number distributed several times over the banknote. If the banknote is damaged, the replacement of the banknote with the central bank issuing the damaged banknote includes:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that, in the event of damage, the actual nominal value of the bank note can be replaced.
- This actual nominal value can differ significantly from the initial nominal value of the bank note and / or a minimum nominal value of the bank note.
- the degree of damage to the banknote does not exceed a predefined, permissible maximum degree of damage, it is necessary that more than 50% of the banknote are present and / or the banknote includes one or more valid security features necessary for replacement.
- the replaced bank note is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- the damaged bank note is retained.
- the acquisition of the serial number comprises reading the visual indication of the serial number using a sensor of the terminal.
- the detection of the serial number comprises receiving the serial number sent using the communication interface of the bank note using the communication interface of the terminal.
- the acquisition of the identification number comprises receiving the serial number sent using the communication interface of the bank note using the communication interface of the terminal.
- paying out the current nominal value of the damaged bank note comprises providing one or more bank notes as a replacement, the total of the current nominal values of which correspond to the current nominal value of the damaged bank note.
- the one or more bank notes as substitutes are bank notes according to one of the embodiments described above.
- paying out the current face value of the damaged bank note comprises a transaction of an amount equal to the current face value from the bank account of the damaged bank note or a bank account of the central bank issuing the damaged bank note to a bank account specified by an owner of the damaged bank note.
- the specified bank note account is assigned to another bank note belonging to the owner of the damaged bank notes, the owner of the damaged bank note personally or to another institution selected by the owner of the damaged bank notes.
- the damage includes damage to the security element, so that the security element can no longer provide cryptograms for individual payments.
- the processor, the memory and / or a communication interface of the security element is damaged.
- the security element is missing.
- the plurality of visual information about the serial number is distributed over the banknote in such a way that it can be ensured that the serial number and thus the banknote account of the banknote can be determined as long as more than 50% of the banknote is present.
- the plurality of security elements is distributed over the banknote in such a way that it can be ensured that valid security features necessary for a replacement are present as long as more than 50% of the banknote is undamaged.
- the replacement of the bank note by the central bank issuing the damaged bank note further comprises a blocking entry in a blocking register managed by the issuing central bank. The banknote account is blocked by the blocking entry.
- a blocking entry for the banknote account of the banknote by the central bank it can be ensured, for example, that no money can be transferred from the blocked bank account to another account, for example a banknote account, ie that no payments can be sent and / or that no money can be transferred from another account, for example a banknote account, to the blocked bank account, ie no payments can be received.
- the blocking of the banknote account of the damaged banknote comprises a transaction of a remaining balance in the bank account of the damaged banknote to an account of the central bank, for example a banknote account of another banknote in the possession of the central bank.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that when the bank note is replaced, the processor and / or the security element of the damaged bank note is not held back and payments can continue to be made with it after the (last) current nominal value of the damaged bank note has been paid out, ie cryptograms can be issued . Furthermore, it can be prevented, for example, that payments are accidentally made to the banknote account of the damaged banknotes after the (last) current nominal value has already been paid out and the damaged banknote has been retained.
- the central bank checks whether the corresponding banknote account is blocked, i.e. whether there is a spear entry. If the bank account is not blocked, the transaction is carried out. If the banknote account is blocked, the transaction will not be carried out.
- the central bank checks whether the corresponding banknote account is blocked, that is to say there is a spear entry. If the banknote account is not blocked, the transaction is carried out. If the banknote account is blocked, the transaction will not be carried out.
- FIG. 1 are schematic block diagrams of exemplary banknotes
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system with an exemplary bank note
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing banknotes
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for confirming a current nominal value of a bank note
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary method for using bank notes
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of exemplary methods for using a bank note
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for updating a nominal value of a bank note
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a nominal value of a bank note
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a bank note
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a plurality of bank notes.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show exemplary bank notes 100.
- the bank note 100 shown in FIG. 1A comprises a plurality of security features 110 which prove the authenticity and validity of the bank note 100.
- the security features 110 are arranged distributed over the bank note 100.
- the security features 110 are arranged distributed over the bank note 100 such that as long as more than 50% of the bank note is in an undamaged state, the authenticity and validity of the bank note 100 can be proven.
- the bank note 100 also includes a visual indication of the serial number 106 of the bank note 100, which is, for example, printed on the bank note 100.
- the banknote 100 comprises a plurality of visual information of the series number 106, which are arranged distributed over the bank note 100, for example in micro-writing.
- the serial number 106 is distributed over the bank note 100 such that as long as more than 50% of the bank note is in an undamaged state, the serial number 106 of the bank note 100 can be determined.
- the serial number 106 is used, for example, to identify the bank note 100 and can be assigned to a current nominal value of the bank note, for example the balance of a bank note account and / or an identification number of the bank note account of the bank note 100.
- the current nominal value of the banknote 100 can be determined using the serial number 106 of the banknote 100.
- the banknote includes one or more visual indications of an initial nominal value 108 of the banknote 100.
- the initial nominal value 108 is, for example, a minimum nominal value of the banknote 100.
- the banknote 100 comprises one or more visual indications of one of the initial Nominal value 108 different minimum nominal value in addition to the indication of the initial nominal value 108.
- the bank note 100 comprises the one or more visual indications of the minimum nominal value instead of visual indications of an initial nominal value 108 different from the minimum nominal value.
- the bank note comprises a security element 102 with a Processor and a memory. An identification number of the bank note 100 is stored in the memory of the security element 102.
- the identification number identifies an anonymous banknote account administered by a central bank issuing the banknote 100 and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote 100.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory, for example in the form of a symmetrical or a private cryptographic key.
- the banknote 100 uses the banknote-specific cryptographic key to generate payment-individual cryptograms for authorizing cashless payments with the banknote 100.
- the cryptograms are each generated from the identification number of the banknote 100 and a payment-specific code as input values using the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the individual payment code includes information characterizing the individual payment, such as a time information, information about the amount to be paid and / or information about the recipient / recipient account.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface 104 for communicating with a terminal, in particular for contactless communication.
- the bank note 100 receives payment requests, for example, via the communication interface 104 and sends, for example, payment authorizations with payment-specific cryptograms.
- the bank note 100 could include visual details of the identification number of the bank note 100.
- FIG. 1B shows an exemplary bank note 100 which corresponds to the exemplary bank note 100 from FIG. 1A.
- the user interface 112 comprises a touch display with which both data can be entered by the user and data can be displayed to the user.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary system with an exemplary bank note 100.
- the bank note 100 comprises a security element 102 with a processor 124 and a memory 120.
- the processor 124 for program instructions 128.
- These program instructions 128 include, for example, cryptographic program instructions for generating payment-specific cryptograms.
- the cryptographic program instructions can be configured, for example, to generate cryptographic keys.
- An identification number 116 of a banknote account of the banknote 100 ("banknote account number" / BAN) is stored in the memory 120.
- the memory 120 also stores, for example, the serial number der106 of the banknote 100 and / or a current nominal value 109 of the banknote 100
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key 118 of the banknote for generating payment-specific cryptograms is stored in a protected memory area 122 of the memory 120.
- the banknote 100 also includes, for example, a communication interface 104 for communication with external devices, such as a terminal 130.
- the communication interface 104 is configured for contactless near-field communication, for example device for entering and / or displaying data, such as transaction data.
- the bank note 100 communicates using the communication interface 104, for example, with a terminal 130.
- the terminal 130 is, for example, a payment terminal of a PoS.
- the terminal 130 comprises a processor 134 for executing program instructions 136 and a memory 132.
- the terminal 130 also comprises a communication interface 137 for communicating with the bank note 100.
- Terminal 130 includes a communication interface 139 for communication over a network 160, such as the Internet.
- the terminal 130 is configured for a payment processing with the bank note 100, for example.
- the terminal 130 sends, for example, a payment request to the banknote 100 and receives a payment authorization with a payment-specific cryptogram from the banknote 100, which the terminal 130 via the network 160 to a central bank server 220 of a central bank system 156 for execution in the form of a transaction from the banknote account assigned to the banknote 100 to a recipient account of the recipient of the payment.
- the terminal can include sensor 139, for example.
- the sensor 139 is configured, for example, to detect visual information 107 of the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106.
- the sensor 139 can be configured, for example, to detect security features of the banknote 100 in order to check their authenticity and validity.
- In the memory 132 for example, an identifier or an identification number of an account is stored, which the terminal 130 uses as a recipient account for receiving payments.
- the terminal 130 communicates, for example, via a remote server 170 with the central bank server 220.
- the server 170 comprises, for example, a memory 172, a processor 174 for executing program instructions 176 and a communication interface 178 for communication via the network 160.
- the server 170 provides the Terminal 130 provides the identifier of an account or banknote account used as a recipient account.
- the server 170 forwards received payment authorizations to the central bank server 220 via the terminal 130.
- the server 170 forwards payment confirmations received from the central bank server 220 to the terminal 130.
- the system further comprises a central bank server 220 with a memory 222 and a processor 224 for executing program instructions 226. Furthermore, the central bank server 220 comprises, for example, a communication interface 228 for communication via the network 160.
- the central bank server 220 is configured, for example, to authorize requests with payment-specific cryptograms to check for authorization of payments using banknote accounts of banknotes 100 and, in the case of successful checks, to execute the authorized payments. Once the payments have been made, the central bank server 220 sends payment confirmations, for example.
- the payment confirmations include, for example, information on the current nominal values of the bank notes resulting from the payments.
- the central bank server 220 is configured, for example, to set up a banknote-individual banknote account for the corresponding banknote 100 in the course of the production of a banknote 100 and / or to block a banknote account that has been set up, for example if a banknote is damaged by the central bank is withdrawn from circulation.
- the central bank server 220 or another computer system of the central bank system that is in communication with the central bank server can comprise a sensor for checking security features of damaged bank notes. If the check of the security features and the degree of damage to the banknote shows that it is a valid banknote, the central bank will replace the damaged banknote.
- the central bank server 220 determines, for example, the current nominal value of the damaged banknote using a corresponding query, the registers 148, 150 managed by the central bank, pays out the current nominal value and blocks the banknote account of the damaged banknote. For example, a lock entry is made in one of the multiple registers 148, 150.
- the central bank system 156 also includes the registers 148, 150.
- the register 148 includes, for example, assignments of the serial numbers of the individual banknotes 100 to the respective identification numbers of the banknote account of the corresponding banknote. Furthermore, the register can each assign a cryptographic verification key for checking cryptograms of the corresponding banknote 100 to the identification numbers of the banknote accounts of the individual banknotes 100.
- the register 150 is configured, for example, as a look-up table and includes, for example, assignments of current nominal values of the banknotes 100 to the serial numbers of the individual banknotes 100. For example, using the register 150, a current nominal value of a banknote 100 with the serial number of the corresponding bank note 100 are queried as a database access key.
- the central bank system 156 may further comprise a booking system for carrying out transactions using the banknote account of the banknotes 100 issued by the central bank.
- a mobile portable communication device 180 or a user computer system 190 can also be used for payment processing.
- the mobile communication device 180 or the user computer system 190 can serve, for example, as a local PoS.
- the payment processing takes place using the remote server 170.
- the payment processing takes place using a server 200 of a payment service provider or a financial service provider, which acts as a PsP.
- the mobile communication device 180 for example a smartphone, includes, for example, a memory 182 and a processor 184 for executing program instructions 186. Furthermore, the mobile communication device 180 includes, for example, a communication interface 187 for communication with the banknote 100 and a communication interface 188 for communication via the network 160. For example, the mobile communication device 180 comprises a camera for capturing visual information 107 the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106 of the banknote 100. The mobile communication device 180 is configured, for example, to send a payment request, for example from the server 170 or the payment service server 200, to the banknote 100 and a payment authorization for the banknote 100 with a payment-individual Forward cryptogram to the server 170 or the payment service server 200.
- a payment request for example from the server 170 or the payment service server 200
- the mobile communication device 180 can be configured to determine the current nominal value of the banknote 100 directly or through the intermediary of a server such as the server 170 or the payment service server 200 and, for example, to display it to a user using a user interface 181.
- the user interface 181 comprises, for example, an input and an output device for the communication of the user with the mobile communication device 180.
- the input device comprises, for example, a keyboard.
- the output device includes, for example, a display.
- input and output devices are combined with one another in the form of a touch display.
- the user computer system 190 includes, for example, a memory 192 and a processor 194 for executing program instructions 196.
- the user computer system 190 also includes, for example, a communication interface 197 for communication with the banknote 100 and a communication interface 198 for communication via the network 160 a sensor, such as a camera, for capturing visual information 107 of the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106 of the banknote 100.
- the user computer system 190 is configured, for example, to send a payment request, for example from the server 170 or the payment service server 200 to forward the bank note 100 and a payment authorization of the bank note 100 with a payment-specific cryptogram to the server 170 or the payment service server 200.
- the user computer system 190 can be configured to determine the current nominal value of the banknote 100 according to the banknote account assigned to the banknote 100 directly or through the intermediary of a server such as the server 170 or the payment service server 200 and to display it to a user using a user interface 191.
- the user interface 191 comprises, for example, an input and an output device for the communication of the user with the mobile communication device 190.
- the input device comprises, for example, a keyboard and / or mouse.
- the output device includes, for example, a display.
- input and output devices are combined with one another in the form of a touch display.
- the server 200 of the payment service provider is configured, for example, to enable payment processing using the banknote 100 and a local device for communication with the banknote 100, such as the terminal 130, mobile communication device 180 or the user computer system 190.
- the payment service server 200 comprises, for example, a memory 202, a processor 204 for executing program instructions 206 and a communication interface 208 for communication via the network 160.
- the payment service server 200 provides the local device with transaction data for a transaction to be carried out, such as an identifier of a recipient account and / or information the amount to be paid available.
- the payment service server 200 forwards payment authorizations received via the local device to the central bank server 220.
- the payment service server 200 forwards payment confirmations received from the central bank server 220 to the local device.
- the system also includes, for example, a manufacturer's computer system 210 which is used in the course of manufacturing the bank note 100.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 includes, for example, a memory 212 and a processor 214 for executing program instructions 216.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 also includes, for example, a communication interface 221 for communicating with the banknote 100.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 sends the banknote from the central bank server during the initialization of the banknote 220 received bank note-specific data using the communication interface 217 for storage on the bank note 100, such as the identification number 116 or the cryptographic key 118.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 comprises, for example, a sensor 219 for checking the bank note 100 for example, a quality control of the bank note 100 is carried out. If the banknote 100 passes the quality control, for example, a production confirmation is sent to the central bank from the manufacturer's computer system 210 using a communication interface 218 for communication with a computer system of the central bank, such as the central bank server 220.
- the production confirmation includes, for example, the serial number 106 and / or the central bank system 156 to initialize the bank note 100 and to set up a bank note account for the bank note 100 produced
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing banknotes 100.
- the central bank 220 sends an order for the production of banknotes 100 to a manufacturer 210, for example a printer.
- the order specifies a range of serial numbers.
- the range of serial numbers specifies serial numbers which are to be used for the bank notes 100 to be produced.
- the order also specifies initial nominal values for the bank notes 100 to be produced.
- the order specifies a minimum nominal value and / or a variable additional nominal value portion.
- the manufacturer 210 produces the banknotes 100 in accordance with the order received.
- the bank notes 100 produced each include, for example, a security element with a processor.
- the produced bank notes 100 each include a visual indication of one of the serial numbers from the specified range of serial numbers, which was assigned to the respective bank note in the course of the production process.
- the manufacturer 210 reads the visual indication of the serial numbers of the banknotes 100 produced.
- the serial numbers of the banknotes 100 are also stored in the memories of the banknotes 100.
- the manufacturer 210 also reads the serial number from the memories of the bank notes 100.
- the bank notes 100 produced each include, for example, visual information of an initial nominal value and / or a minimum nominal value.
- the manufacturer 210 reads the visual information of the initial nominal value and / or the minimum nominal value of the banknotes 100 produced are saved.
- the manufacturer 210 additionally reads the initial nominal value, minimum nominal value and / or variable additional nominal value portion from the memories of bank notes 100.
- a production confirmation is sent to the central bank 220, which identifies the banknotes 100 produced.
- the production confirmation indicates the serial numbers of the bank notes 100 produced.
- the production confirmation specifies the initial nominal values of the banknotes 100 produced.
- the production confirmation specifies minimum nominal values and / or variable additional nominal value components of the initial nominal values.
- the central bank 220 stores the serial numbers of the produced banknotes in a first register or database 148.
- the central bank also stores the assigned nominal value, minimum nominal value and / or variable additional nominal value portion of the initial nominal value for the produced banknotes 100.
- the first register 148 or the central bank system 156 managing the first register 148 generates an identification number for each of the bank notes 100 produced, the serial numbers of which are stored in the first register 148, which identify a bank note managed by the central bank 220 and the corresponding bank note 100 individually to assigned anonymous banknote account identified.
- the identification number is therefore a "banknote account number" (BAN).
- the serial number is used, for example, to identify the banknote
- the identification number is used, for example, to identify the banknote account for payment processing
- Seed is used to generate the identification number for the corresponding bank note.
- a seed of the central bank 220 is also used to generate the identification number.
- the seed of the central bank is, for example, a secret of the central bank 220, such as a random number, a symmetrical cryptographic one Key or a pri- father cryptographic key.
- the first register 148 or the central bank system 156 managing the first register 148 generates a respective banknote-specific cryptographic key for each of the banknotes 100 produced.
- This banknote-specific cryptographic key is, for example, a banknote-specific symmetric cryptographic key or a private cryptographic key of a banknote-specific asymmetric key pair.
- the BAN and the banknote-specific one are forwarded internally from the first register 148 to a server of the central bank 220.
- a first cryptographically secured channel is set up between a server of the central bank 220 and a computer system of the manufacturer 210.
- the BAN is sent from the central bank 220 to the manufacturer 210 via this first cryptographically secured channel.
- the first cryptographically secured channel is, for example, an end-to-end encrypted communication connection between the central bank 220 and the manufacturer 210.
- the connection is encrypted, for example, with a first symmetrical session key.
- a second cryptographically secured channel between the server of the central bank 220 and the computer system of the manufacturer 210 is set up.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key of the banknote is sent from the central bank 220 to the manufacturer 210 via this second cryptographically secured channel.
- the second cryptographically secured channel is, for example, an end-to-end encrypted communication connection between the central bank 220 and the manufacturer 210.
- the connection is encrypted with a second symmetrical session key, for example.
- the manufacturer 210 stores the BAN and the banknote-specific cryptographic key in a memory of the security element of the respective banknote.
- the banknote-specific cryptographic key is, for example, stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the first register 148 also registers the serial numbers of the banknotes produced in a second register or database 150.
- the central bank further stores the assigned nominal value, minimum nominal value and / or variable additional nominal value portion of the initial nominal value for the banknotes 100 produced in the second register 150.
- the serial number is used, for example, as a database access key for accessing the information stored in the second register 150 on the nominal value of the corresponding bank note.
- the second register is, for example, a publicly accessible register which can be configured, for example, as lookup tables (LUT) or conversion tables.
- the second register allows, for example, anyone with the serial number of a banknote to look up the current nominal value of the corresponding banknote, for example via the Internet.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal of a PoS ("Point of Sale") 164.
- the user 162 provides a banknote 100 for a cashless payment.
- the PoS 164 creates one Payment request for payment of a certain amount and sends the payment request to banknote 100.
- banknote 100 or the security element of banknote 100 generates a payment-specific cryptogram to authorize the payment
- the individual payment code is generated as input values using the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the individual payment code includes, for example, a time stamp recipient to whom the amount is to be paid.
- a hash function or another one-way function is used to generate the cryptogram on the input values and the result is encrypted with the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the input values could also be encrypted with the banknote-specific cryptographic key without using a one-way function.
- the banknote 100 sends a payment authorization comprising the individual cryptogram to the PoS 164.
- the payment authorization includes, for example, the input values used to create the cryptogram in encrypted form or in plain text, ie in unencrypted form.
- the PoS 164 sends an authorization request for validating the payment authorization of the bank note 100 to the central bank system 156.
- the central bank system 156 extracts the BAN from the payment authorization. If the payment authorization includes the BAN in encrypted form, the central bank system 156 decrypts the BAN, for example.
- the central bank system 156 has, for example, symmetrical banknote-specific cryptographic keys.
- the central bank system 156 has, for example, an associated public cryptographic key of the banknote-specific asymmetric key pair.
- the central bank system 156 sends the BAN to the first register 148 to validate that the BAN is a valid BAN entered in the first register 148 of an existing bank note account of the bank note. Furthermore, the cryptogram is checked for its validity, ie it is checked whether it was encrypted with the banknote-specific cryptographic key of the banknote 100 belonging to the BAN.
- the first register 148 includes a verification key for this purpose Checking the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the verification key is, for example, a symmetrical or public cryptographic key for decrypting encryptions that were created with the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- step SSO the first register 148 confirms the BAN if it is a valid BAN and provides the serial number of the corresponding bank note 100 associated with the BAN.
- the serial number is used to look up the current face value of the banknote in the second register 150. If the current nominal value of the bank note 100 stored in the second register 150, which is the credit on the bank note account of the bank note 100, is sufficient for the payment, the payment takes place in step 332.
- the central bank transfers the amount to be paid from the banknote account of the banknote 100 to a recipient account identified, for example, in the payment authorization. Furthermore, the current nominal value is updated in the second register 150, ie reduced by the amount paid.
- This updated nominal value of the banknote is, for example, the updated account balance or the updated credit on the banknote account of banknote 100.
- central bank system 156 sends a payment confirmation to PoS 164.
- the payment confirmation includes, for example, the updated nominal value of the banknote 100.
- the payment confirmation is signed with a signature key of the central bank system 156, for example.
- the payment confirmation is forwarded from the PoS to the bank note 100, for example.
- the banknote 100 checks, for example, the signature of the central bank system 156 or the central bank 220 with a signature verification key.
- the signature verification key for checking the signature of the central bank system 156 or the central bank 220 is stored, for example, in the bank note 100 or in the memory of the security element of the bank note 100 during manufacture.
- the signature key is, for example, a private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the central bank system 156, while the signature verification key is, for example, a public cryptographic key of the corresponding asymmetric key pair. If the signature check is successful, the bank note 100 replaces the nominal value stored in the memory of the security element with the updated nominal value according to the payment confirmation from the central bank system 156, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for confirming a current nominal value 109 of a banknote 100.
- the user 162 presents a banknote 100 to a mobile portable communication device 180, for example a smartphone, for determining the current nominal value of the corresponding banknote 100 ready.
- the user uses an app installed on the mobile communication device 180 for this purpose, in which he can verify the information stored in the bank node. queries with a secure nominal value.
- the mobile communication device 180 then sends an output request to output the current nominal value stored in the memory of the security element of the banknote 100 and, for example, the serial number of the banknote as the identifier of the banknote 100.
- the banknote 100 sends the stored nominal value in response NW (BN) and the serial number of the banknote 100 to the mobile communication device 180.
- the serial number can also be detected using the visual indication thereof with an optical sensor of the mobile communication device 180, such as a camera.
- the mobile communication device 180 also sends a request for the current nominal value stored in the second register 150 for the serial number of the banknote 100 to the central bank system 156.
- the mobile communication device 180 receives the response in the second register 150 for the Banknote 100 stored current face value NW (R2).
- the mobile communication device 180 compares the two nominal values NW (BN) and NW (R2) with one another.
- the mobile communication device 180 confirms the nominal value stored in the bank note 100 as current and shows this for the user 162, for example on a display device such as a display. If the two values do not match, the mobile communication device 180 forwards the current nominal value NW (R2) stored in the second register 150, for example to the bank note 100 for updating the nominal value stored there. To prove the authenticity of the nominal value NW (R2), this is signed by the central bank system 156, for example with a signature key.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of exemplary methods for using bank notes 100.
- the central bank 220 issues the bank notes 100.
- the central bank 220 generates an identification number for the bank note 100 which identifies an anonymous bank note account administered by the central bank and individually assigned to the corresponding bank note 100.
- the central bank generates, for example, a banknote-specific cryptographic key for the banknotes 100.
- the identification number and cryptographic key are provided to the banknote 100, for example by the central bank 220, and are stored in the security element of the banknote 100.
- the one banknote-specific cryptographic key can also be generated by the banknote 100 itself, for example as a private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the banknote 100
- Check cryptograms of the banknote are provided.
- the banknote account of the banknote 100 identified by the identification number is credited with an initial nominal value of the banknote 100 as a credit. This is done for example by the central bank.
- the initial nominal values are specified, for example, by the central bank when the bank notes 100 are produced.
- the initial nominal values are credited to the banknote accounts or the banknotes are initialized, for example, when the central bank generates the associated identification number.
- the identification numbers are generated, for example, for a specific serial number of a bank note produced.
- the identification number, serial numbers and / or banknote-specific check keys for checking cryptograms of the corresponding banknotes are stored in a first register 148 managed by the central bank 220.
- a second register 150 administered by the central bank 220 the current nominal values, that is to say the current balances of the bank note accounts, are stored.
- the assignment to the banknotes 100 takes place, for example, on the basis of the serial numbers of the banknotes 100, which serve as the database access key for the second register 150.
- the banknotes 100 Once the banknotes 100 have been produced, they enter the free payment system 165. They can be transferred from a user 162 to a payee 161 as cash means of payment. With the handover, not only the ownership of the banknote 100, but also the credit assigned to the banknote 100 in the banknote account, ie the current nominal value of the banknote, is transferred to the payee 161. Furthermore, the user 162 can use the bank note 100 for payment by means of a mobile portable communication device 180 such as a smartphone. For example, payments can be processed over the Internet in which the mobile communication device 180 functions as a local terminal. For example, payments can be sent or initiated from the banknote account to other accounts. For example, payments can be sent or initiated from the banknote account to other banknote accounts.
- the bank note 100 and / or a current nominal value stored on the bank note can be verified, for example, by means of the mobile communication device 180.
- the bank note 100 can be used, for example, for paying at a terminal 130, for example a PoS.
- the banknote 100 generates a payment-specific cryptogram using the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the terminal can, for example, communicate with a payment service provider 200 (PSP) who, for example, carries out the payment processing using the cryptogram.
- PSP payment service provider 200
- the payment service provider 200 forwards the cryptogram to the central bank 220 for payment processing, for example, which checks the cryptogram using the first register 148.
- the central bank 220 books the payment and confirms it to the payment service provider 200 from the payment service provider 200 via the ter- minal 1B0 forwarded to the banknote 100.
- the payment confirmation includes, for example, the current nominal value of the banknote 100 resulting from the payment.
- the banknote 100 can update the previous nominal value stored in the banknote 100 using the current nominal value provided by the payment confirmation. In the present case, for example, the account balance or the credit of the banknote account of banknote 100 is decisive for the actual nominal value of a banknote 100.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for using a bank note.
- the bank note includes a visual indication of a serial number, which uniquely identifies the bank note, of an initial nominal value of the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory.
- an identification number of the bank note is stored, which identifies an anonymous bank note account administered by a central bank issuing the bank note and individually assigned to the corresponding bank note.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is also stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- a payment request for a payment with the banknote is received.
- a payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing the payment with the bank note is generated.
- the identification number of the banknote and a payment-specific code serve as input values from which the cryptogram is generated using the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- Block 604 sends a payment authorization that includes the cryptogram for each individual payment.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for updating a nominal value of a bank note.
- the bank note receives an update request for updating a current nominal value of the bank note, which is stored in a memory of a security element of the bank note.
- the update request includes an updated nominal value of the banknote together with a cryptographically secured confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value.
- the bill examines the update request.
- the bank note determines whether the cryptographically secured confirmation is valid. For this purpose, the bank note uses a cryptographic verification key stored in the memory of the security element. If a corresponding confirmation is missing or invalid, the method is terminated in block 616.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a nominal value of a bank note.
- the bank note receives an output request for the output of the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element.
- the bank note sends in block 622 the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a bank note.
- the bank note is produced in block 630.
- the bank note produced includes a visual indication of a serial number of the bank note that uniquely identifies the bank note from a predefined range of serial numbers and an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- an identification number of the bank note is received via a first cryptographically secured channel. This identification number identifies an anonymous banknote account administered by a central bank issuing the banknote and individually assigned to the corresponding banknote.
- the received identification number is stored in the memory of the security element.
- a banknote-specific cryptographic key is received via a second cryptographically secured channel that is independent of the first channel.
- the received banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the initial nominal value of the bank note is stored as the current nominal value in the memory of the security element.
- the serial number of the banknote is stored in the memory of the security element.
- a public cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the issuing central bank is stored in the memory of the bank note.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal.
- This payment is made with a bank note which includes a visual indication of a serial number of the bank note that uniquely identifies the bank note and an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and comprises a security element with a processor and a memory.
- An identification number of the bank note is stored in the memory of the security element. This identification number identifies an anonymous bank note account which is administered by a central bank which issues the bank note and which is individually assigned to the corresponding bank note.
- In a protected area of the memory of the A banknote-specific cryptographic key is stored in the security element.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communication with the bank note.
- the terminal sends a payment request to the banknote.
- the terminal receives a payment-specific cryptogram for authorizing the payment with the bank note.
- the cryptogram is generated from the identification number of the banknote and a payment-specific code as input values using the banknote-specific cryptographic key.
- the terminal forwards the payment-specific cryptogram with an indication of the amount to be paid to the issuing central bank for a validation of the payment-specific cryptogram.
- the central bank checks in a register whether the current nominal value of the bank note is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid. If all the checks by the central bank are positive, the payment transfer is carried out. If the payment transfer has been carried out successfully after a successful validation and register check by the central bank, the terminal block 656 receives a confirmation of the successful payment transfer.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a plurality of bank notes.
- a plurality of bills are received.
- a current nominal value is determined for each of the bank notes.
- a set of bank notes is selected from the plurality of received bank notes and retained, the sum of the current nominal values of which result in an amount that is less than an amount to be paid.
- a payment request for payment of the remaining difference is sent to a further bank note of the plurality of bank notes which is not included in the set of selected bank notes. The remaining difference between the amount to be paid and the summed up amount of the set of selected bank notes is smaller than a current nominal value of the further bank note.
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21737342.2A EP4162454A1 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Banknote mit prozessor |
CA3181293A CA3181293A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Banknote with processor |
AU2021285203A AU2021285203A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Banknote having processor |
MX2022015373A MX2022015373A (es) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Billete bancario con procesador. |
US18/000,584 US20230267790A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Banknote with processor |
BR112022024720A BR112022024720A2 (pt) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Nota bancária, método para emitir uma nota bancária, método para usar uma nota bancária, método para processamento de pagamento usando um terminal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020115034.2 | 2020-06-05 | ||
DE102020115034.2A DE102020115034A1 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Banknote mit Prozessor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021245242A1 true WO2021245242A1 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
Family
ID=76765099
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/065023 WO2021245242A1 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Banknote mit prozessor |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230267790A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4162454A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2021285203A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112022024720A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3181293A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020115034A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2022015373A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021245242A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10163266A1 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Wertdokument und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Wertdokumenten |
US20050150740A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-07-14 | Klaus Finkenzeller | Devices and method for the production of sheet material |
US20170246899A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-08-31 | X-Celeprint Limited | Hybrid banknote with electronic indicia |
US20170313119A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-11-02 | X-Celeprint Limited | Hybrid document with variable state |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19718547C2 (de) | 1997-05-02 | 2002-06-20 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | System zum gesicherten Lesen und Ändern von Daten auf intelligenten Datenträgern |
DE10147140A1 (de) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-17 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Chipkarte mit Display |
GB2528486A (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | Valasca Ltd | Verification method and system for digital currency |
US20160071094A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Ebay Inc. | Systems and methods for implementing hybrid dynamic wallet tokens |
WO2017127880A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Xard Group Pty Ltd | Apparatus and method for emulating transactional infrastructure with a digital transaction processing unit (dtpu) |
-
2020
- 2020-06-05 DE DE102020115034.2A patent/DE102020115034A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-06-04 CA CA3181293A patent/CA3181293A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 MX MX2022015373A patent/MX2022015373A/es unknown
- 2021-06-04 AU AU2021285203A patent/AU2021285203A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 EP EP21737342.2A patent/EP4162454A1/de active Pending
- 2021-06-04 WO PCT/EP2021/065023 patent/WO2021245242A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-06-04 US US18/000,584 patent/US20230267790A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 BR BR112022024720A patent/BR112022024720A2/pt unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10163266A1 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Wertdokument und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Wertdokumenten |
US20050150740A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-07-14 | Klaus Finkenzeller | Devices and method for the production of sheet material |
US20170246899A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-08-31 | X-Celeprint Limited | Hybrid banknote with electronic indicia |
US20170313119A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-11-02 | X-Celeprint Limited | Hybrid document with variable state |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"Reference Architecture and Use Cases Report;DFC-O-014", vol. dfc, 16 July 2019 (2019-07-16), pages 1 - 61, XP044273297, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https%3A/extranet.itu.int/sites/itu-t/focusgroups/dfc/output/DFC-O-014.zip%20DFC-O-014_RA%20Delivrable_Reference%20Architecture%20and%20Use%20Cases%20Report.pdf> [retrieved on 20190716] * |
DAVID SCHWARTZ ET AL.: "The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm", 2014, RIPPLE LABS INC. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102020115034A1 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
MX2022015373A (es) | 2023-05-19 |
BR112022024720A2 (pt) | 2023-02-28 |
CA3181293A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
AU2021285203A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
US20230267790A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
EP4162454A1 (de) | 2023-04-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3596653B1 (de) | Ausstellen virtueller dokumente in einer blockchain | |
DE69932512T2 (de) | Gerät und verfahren zur elektronischen versendung, speicherung und wiedergewinnung von authentifizierten dokumenten | |
WO2018073071A1 (de) | Bereitstellung und prüfung der gültigkeit eines virtuellen dokuments | |
EP4111348B1 (de) | Verfahren zum direkten übertragen von elektronischen münzdatensätzen zwischen endgeräten, bezahlsystem, währungssystem und überwachungseinheit | |
EP3993318B1 (de) | Blockchain-basiertes digitales dokumentensystem | |
EP3814970B1 (de) | Manipulationssicheres ausstellen und speichern von elektronischen urkunden | |
DE102013019870B4 (de) | Authentifizierungs- und/oder Identifikationsverfahren in einem Kommunikationsnetzwerk | |
WO2021250129A1 (en) | Computer implemented systems and methods for improved authentication of blockchain-based tokens | |
DE112015006833T5 (de) | Automatische Transaktionsvorrichtung und Steuerverfahren dafür | |
WO2021245244A2 (de) | Blockchain gestützte banknote | |
WO2021245242A1 (de) | Banknote mit prozessor | |
EP4111399B1 (de) | Verfahren, endgerät, überwachungsinstanz sowie bezahlsystem zum verwalten von elektronischen münzdatensätzen | |
EP3125464B1 (de) | Sperrdienst für ein durch einen id-token erzeugtes zertifikat | |
EP4179488A1 (de) | Herausgabeinstanz und verfahren zum herausgeben von elektronischen münzdatensätzen sowie bezahlsystem | |
EP4064612A1 (de) | Schlüsselableitung mittels einer banknote mit prozessor | |
EP4371272A1 (de) | Revozieren kryptographischer schlüssel mittels blockchaingestützter banknote | |
DE102021107379A1 (de) | Seriennummernspezifische Blockchain-Stützung für mobile tragbare Endgeräte | |
EP4111347B1 (de) | Verfahren zum direkten übertragen von elektronischen münzdatensätzen zwischen endgeräten, bezahlsystem, währungssystem und überwachungsinstanz | |
WO2022233454A1 (de) | Verfahren zum registrieren eines elektronischen münzdatensatzes in einem münzregister; ein münzregister; eine teilnehmereinheit und ein computerprogrammprodukt | |
EP4179486A1 (de) | Bezahlsystem, münzregister, teilnehmereinheit, transaktionsregister, überwachungsregister und verfahren zum bezahlen mit elektronischen münzdatensätzen | |
DE102009035412A1 (de) | Verfahren und System zum Übertragen von geldwerten Beträgen in Form elektronischer Datensätze |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21737342 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3181293 Country of ref document: CA |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112022024720 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021737342 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021737342 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230105 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021285203 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20210604 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112022024720 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20221202 |