WO2021245244A2 - Blockchain gestützte banknote - Google Patents
Blockchain gestützte banknote Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021245244A2 WO2021245244A2 PCT/EP2021/065025 EP2021065025W WO2021245244A2 WO 2021245244 A2 WO2021245244 A2 WO 2021245244A2 EP 2021065025 W EP2021065025 W EP 2021065025W WO 2021245244 A2 WO2021245244 A2 WO 2021245244A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- banknote
- bank note
- blockchain
- transaction
- blockchain address
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/389—Keeping log of transactions for guaranteeing non-repudiation of a transaction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
- H04L9/0825—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using asymmetric-key encryption or public key infrastructure [PKI], e.g. key signature or public key certificates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
- H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
- H04W12/069—Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/12—Detection or prevention of fraud
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3825—Use of electronic signatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D2207/00—Paper-money testing devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bank note and a method for issuing, using and he set bank notes.
- the invention also relates to a method for processing payments using a terminal.
- cashless payment transactions means of payment are transferred without cash being transferred.
- cash ie banknotes or coins
- cash is exchanged between the debtor and the payee, whereas in the case of cashless payment there is no such exchange of cash.
- Cash for example, has the advantage that it is available to everyone and can be used as quickly as anywhere. For example, no bank account is required for cash-based payment processing.
- cash is often valued by its owners as a store of value.
- cashless payment methods have the advantage, for example, that they enable efficient payment processing, even if the payer and the payee are in remote locations, as is the case, for example, when shopping over the Internet.
- Known banknotes cannot do this.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating an improved bank note.
- Embodiments include a bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- a banknote-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the banknote is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetric key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address in a blockchain managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the processor is configured to execute a payment method with the bank note when executing the program instructions.
- the payment process includes:
- a further transaction-specific value is sent together with the signed transaction release.
- the further transaction-specific value is also included and / or in the signature of the transaction approval attached to the signed transaction share.
- the further transaction-specific value is, for example, a time stamp and / or a random number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the bank note comprises, for example, a communication interface via which it can, for example, receive the payment request and / or send the payment authorization.
- the communication interface is configured to communicate with a terminal for the purpose of receiving the payment request and / or sending the payment authorization.
- the payment request received via the communication interface is forwarded to the processor, for example.
- the payment authorization is sent by the processor to the communication interface for further transmission.
- the bank note comprises, for example, an input device for receiving the payment request and / or an output device for outputting the payment authorization, which is sent from the processor to the output device for the purpose of output.
- the payment request received via the input device is forwarded to the processor, for example.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note can not only be used as a cash payment means in the usual sense, but also that a cashless payment can also be made with the bank note.
- the banknote When used as a means of payment in cash in the usual sense, the banknote is handed over from the payer to the payee in the course of the payment processing or the payer hands over the corresponding banknote as change in the course of the payment processing to the payer.
- the bank note is handed over, ownership of the bank note is transferred from the sender to the recipient. With ownership of the banknote, ownership of the current nominal value of the banknote, i.e. the nominal value assigned to the blockchain address of the banknote, also passes to the recipient.
- the payment is made by providing a signed transaction release, ie a transaction authorization, by the bank note.
- This transaction authorization, ie signed transaction approval, of the banknote authorizes a transaction in which the amount to be paid is transferred from the blockchain address of the banknote to the blockchain address of the payee.
- successful authentication of a terminal against the bank note or successful authentication of the terminal from which the payment request is received for example, by the bank note can be a prerequisite for signing the transaction authorization or transaction approval and / or for sending the signed transaction authorization or .
- a corresponding authentication or authentication can take place, for example, using cryptographic keys and / or digital certificates.
- a signature created by the terminal using a private cryptographic key as a signature key is checked using a public cryptographic key provided by a certificate of the terminal as a signature verification key.
- the amount of money that is in circulation and can be transferred both cash-based and cashless is defined by the amount of money or the sum of the nominal values that are assigned to blockchain addresses of banknotes in the blockchain managed by the central bank.
- the amount of money in circulation remains the same if the bank notes in circulation are retained. This means, for example, that banknotes in circulation can remain the same, but the nominal values assigned to the individual banknotes can change as a result of transactions.
- special blockchain addresses could be provided to which payments can only be sent and from which it is not possible to send payments.
- these could be blockchain addresses created by the central bank, which are assigned to the central bank, for example.
- the corresponding blockchain addresses could also be assigned to other legal or natural persons.
- the central bank creates the corresponding blockchain addresses, but destroys or deletes the associated private cryptographic keys, the signatures of which would be necessary for transactions from the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- an account in another system is assigned to such a block chain address. If money is transferred to the relevant blockchain address, the central bank, for example, transfers an identical amount to the associated account in the other system.
- Money can be added to the blockchain, for example, by the central bank initializing additional banknotes or blockchain addresses assigned to the additional banknotes.
- the central bank could, for example, use one or more blockchain addresses assigned to it, which do not have any restrictions on the transfer are subject to a manageable amount of money for sending payments to other blockchain addresses.
- the central bank sends money to a blockchain address if another system has sent an identical amount to a designated central bank account, for example with the corresponding blockchain address, as the intended purpose.
- the banknote Since neither the banknote nor its blockchain address is assigned to a legal or natural person, the banknote enables, for example, both cash-based and cashless anonymous payments, which are currently only possible with cash.
- additional restrictions could, for example, be implemented in the blockchain or the underlying blockchain network, which limit transferable amounts of money and / or provide additional checking mechanisms for certain amounts of money.
- Corresponding checking mechanisms could, for example, require a confirmation of the transaction by the central bank on the basis of a check of additional information about the corresponding transaction that is specified as necessary.
- the banknote and thus its nominal value according to the blockchain can, for example, be passed on by physical handover, i.e. a digital currency can be handed over.
- a digital currency can be handed over.
- no account in the traditional sense i.e. an account assigned to a legal or natural person, is required for this.
- material and effort can be saved by reducing the purely analog currency.
- the effort involved in the physical transfer and transport of banknotes can be reduced.
- Such a banknote can, for example, be upgraded and used for direct contactless payment, with no or only limited control or follow-up, since an individual banknote can be passed on at any time, as in the case of classic cash.
- the current nominal value of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element. Decisive for the actual nominal value of the banknote is its nominal value according to the blockchain.
- the nominal value stored in the bank note can be used to determine the current nominal value offline.
- the nominal value stored in the bank note is updated when a transaction confirmation and / or entry confirmation signed by the central bank is forwarded to the bank note to complete a transaction.
- the security element has a signature verification key for checking digital signatures of the central bank.
- the bank note can be paper-based and / or plastic-based, for example.
- the bank note comprises one or more layers of material.
- materials for the material layers can be used, for example, paper, plastics and / or metal foils.
- a material layer can also comprise combinations of several of these materials.
- the layers of material are laminated together.
- the material layers can in particular comprise electronic components, for example a security element with processor and memory, an antenna, a display, an input device and / or sensors, or form them in combination with one another.
- the banknote is flexible, for example.
- the bank note comprises, for example, a plurality of security features which make it possible to check the authenticity and validity of the bank notes.
- the plurality of security features can include, for example, one or more level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features.
- Level 1 security features are security features that can be recognized directly by humans and checked without further aids.
- Level 2 security features are machine-readable security features which are used, for example, for commercial requirements for checking the authenticity of banknotes.
- Level 3 security features are security features that are only known to the issuing central bank.
- Central banks use such machine-readable security features, which are kept secret, in order to ensure the integrity of the cash cycle and to guarantee that only genuine banknotes are put back into circulation. Furthermore, central banks use such level 3 security features in order to take real banknotes out of circulation if necessary and to destroy them in a controlled manner if the fitness of the corresponding banknotes is no longer sufficient, for example due to soiling and / or wear and tear.
- the security features can include, for example, tactile, acoustic or visible features.
- materials such as security papers, with a characteristic haptic impression and / or a characteristic sound when rubbed and / or crumpled are used to produce the bank note.
- haptically detectable embossings are made in the bank note.
- visually detectable security features such as watermarks, see-through windows, see-through registers, register printing elements, foil elements, guilloches, iris printing elements, anti-copying grids, mottled fibers, micro-perforations, microscripts, optically variable printing inks, pearlescent strips, security threads and / or special colors are used.
- who uses the security elements such as metamerism color combinations, fluorescent colors, diffractive optical elements and / or scrambled indicia microprinted patterns.
- machine-readable security elements such as infrared properties of the printing ink, phosphorescent inks, magnetic elements, Elements with characteristic electrical conductivity and / or copy protection elements, such as a digital watermark and / or standardized patterns, for example a EURion constellation or Omron rings.
- the banknote comprises one or more security features which are only known to and / or can be checked by the issuing central bank, i.e. level 3 security features, such as the M feature of the ECB.
- Security features in particular level 1 and level 2 security features, can have the advantage that they enable those involved to check a banknote for authenticity, i.e. authenticity and validity, without much effort. This enables the bank note to be used for cash payments, which include a transfer of the bank note from a payer to a payee.
- a “blockchain” is understood to mean an ordered data structure which comprises a plurality of chained data blocks. for example a hash value of its predecessor block and thus the validity of all of its predecessor blocks can be checked and, if necessary, confirmed on the basis of each block.
- a blockchain see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_chain_(database) and " Mastering Bitcoin ", Chapter 7, The Blockchain, page 161 ff.
- the concept of the blockchain was described for example in a white paper on Bitcoin in 2008 under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto (" Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System "
- the blockchain described therein consists of a series of data blocks in which one or more entries or transactions are combined and provided with a checksum in the form of a hash value. Additional blocks of the blockchain are generated, for example, in a computationally intensive process that is also known as mining. These additionally generated blocks are then added to the blockchain and distributed to all participants or nodes in the network via a network.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the blockchain offers a high degree of security against subsequent manipulations by storing cryptographic checksums, ie hash values, of the preceding block in the subsequent block. The chaining of the blocks can then be checked using these root hash values.
- Each block of the blockchain contains the hash of the entire previous block header in its header. The sequence of the blocks is thus clearly defined and a chain structure is created. Due to the chaining of the individual Individual blocks with one another mean that subsequent modification of previous blocks or individual entries is practically impossible, since the hash values of all subsequent blocks would also have to be recalculated in a short time.
- a blockchain can, for example, also be implemented in the form of a blockchain, with only a selected group of participants being authorized to add valid blocks.
- a corresponding authorization can be proven, for example, by means of a signature using a private cryptographic key.
- the private cryptographic key can belong to an asymmetric key pair, which also includes a public cryptographic key with which the signature can be checked.
- the asymmetric key pair can also be assigned, for example, a certificate that proves the authorization to generate a valid block of the blockchain. This certificate can also be assigned to a PKI which proves the authenticity of the certificate.
- a public key can be stored in the blockchain in an initialization entry for further participants who are to be added to the selected group. This public key can be used to check whether the signatures of blocks and thus the corresponding blocks themselves are valid.
- Public keys of original participants of the selected group can for example be stored in a genesis block of the blockchain.
- the present blockchain managed by a central bank is, for example, a public blockchain that is managed on the central bank's blockchain servers. For example, new blocks are only entered by these blockchain servers managed by the central bank. In this case, for example, computationally intensive processes can be omitted when adding additional blocks. For example, all that is necessary to add additional blocks is a signature with a signature key assigned to the central bank.
- Consensus can also be implemented in a blockchain in other ways. For example, a consensus can be reached by voting on the inclusion of proposed entries in the blockchain. For example, each participant or block chain server keeps a clear list of other participants whom it trusts as a group. Each participant can suggest additional entries that should be included in an additional block of the blockchain. A vote is taken on the inclusion and thus the recognition of the validity of the proposed entries. For example, each participant only votes on those suggestions that come from participants on his list. In other words, for the decision as to whether a proposal for an additional entry is recognized as valid, i.e. whether the validity of this entry If there is a consensus between the participants, only the votes of those participants who are included in the list of the participant who makes the corresponding proposal are taken into account.
- the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (David Schwartz et al .: "The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm", Ripple Labs Inc., 2014, https://ripple.com/files/ripple_consensus_whitepaper.pdf) offers an example of such a consensus procedure ).
- a “communication interface” is understood here, for example, as an interface via which data can be received and sent, with the communication interface being able to be configured with or without contact.
- Network is understood here to mean any transmission medium with a connection for communication, in particular a local connection or a local network, in particular a local area network (LAN), a private network, in particular an intranet, and a digital private network (Virtual Private Network - VPN).
- a computer system can have a standard radio interface for connection to a WLAN.
- it can be a public network such as the Internet.
- this connection can also be established via a cellular network .
- NFC Near Field Communication
- This is a communication based on RFID technology for the contactless exchange of data by electromagnetic induction using loosely coupled coils over short distances, for example a few centimeters.
- NFC can be implemented, for example, in accordance with one of the standards ISO 14443, 18092, 21481, ECMA 340, 352, 356, 362 or ETSI TS 102 190.
- the communication interface of the bank note includes, for example, an antenna for contactless communication.
- the antenna includes, for example, an induction coil.
- the induction coil can also be configured to supply external energy to the Banknote, for example by means of energy harvesting.
- the induction coil is configured so that a terminal couples energy into the bank note.
- a “processor” is understood here and in the following to be a logic circuit that is used to execute program instructions.
- the logic circuit can be implemented on one or more discrete components, in particular on a chip Data lines for communication with other components.
- a “processor” is understood to mean a microprocessor or a microprocessor system made up of a plurality of processor cores and / or a plurality of microprocessors.
- a “memory” is understood here to mean, in particular, a non-volatile memory.
- a “non-volatile memory” is understood here to mean, for example, an electronic memory for permanent storage of data.
- a non-volatile memory can be configured as a non-changeable memory, which is also referred to as read-only memory (ROM), or as a changeable memory, which is also referred to as non-volatile memory (NVM).
- ROM read-only memory
- NVM non-volatile memory
- this can be an EEPROM, for example a Flash EEPROM, referred to as Flash for short.
- Flash Flash for short.
- a non-volatile memory is characterized by the fact that the data stored on it are retained even after the energy supply has been switched off.
- a “protected memory area” is understood here to mean an area of an electronic memory to which access, i.e. read access or write access, is only possible via a processor of the security element. For example, no external access, ie data, is possible to the protected memory area can neither be brought in from the outside nor output to the outside. For example, data can be read out from the protected memory area via the processor. For example, data can be brought into the protected memory area via the processor from the outside Access from or via the processor coupled to the memory is only possible if a condition required here is met, for example a cryptographic condition, in particular successful authentication and / or a successful authorization check , Act . Such a check can be based, for example, on an electronic signature with a signature key.
- An asymmetric key pair consists of a public key which is used to encrypt and / or decrypt data and which is passed on to third parties as well as a private key, which is used to encrypt and / or decrypt data and which must usually be kept secret.
- the public key enables anyone to encrypt data for the owner of the private key and to check digital signatures created with the private key.
- a private key enables its owner to decrypt data encrypted with the public key or to create digital signatures.
- a signature created with a private key can be verified with the associated public key.
- a digital signature in the following also referred to simply as “signature”, is a cryptographic method in which a further data value, which is referred to as “signature”, is calculated for any data.
- a signature can, for example, be a hash value of the output data encrypted with a private cryptographic key.
- a security element is understood here to mean, for example, an electronic component which comprises a processor and a memory and to which only certain predefined accesses are made possible. For example, only certain data values that are stored in certain areas of the memory, for example, can be read out. For example, data values stored in a protected memory area cannot be read out. For example, to write a data value in the memory of the security element, a digital signature is necessary, the verification key of which is stored in the security element. For example, only the processor has write rights to write data in a protected memory area.
- the security element also provides, for example, cryptographic core routines in the form of cryptographic program instructions with cryptographic algorithms for signature creation and / or verification, key generation and / or random number generation and can also serve as a secure memory for cryptographic keys.
- the security element For example, at least parts of the security element are signed. Before the security element is used, it is checked whether the signature or the signatures are valid. If one of the signatures is not valid, the use of the security element is blocked, for example.
- the security element has physically restricted access options.
- the security element I can have additional measures against misuse, in particular against unauthorized access to data in the memory of the security element.
- a security element includes sensors for monitoring the state of the security element and its surroundings in order to detect deviations from the security element Recognize normal operation, which can indicate manipulation attempts.
- Corresponding sensor types include, for example, a clock frequency sensor, a voltage sensor and / or a light sensor. Clock frequency sensors and voltage sensors detect, for example, deviations in clock frequency, temperature and / or voltage upwards or downwards from a predefined normal range.
- a security element can comprise non-volatile memories with a protected memory area.
- the means for protecting the security element against unauthorized manipulation include mechanical means which, for example, are intended to prevent the opening of the security element or its parts, or which, if an attempt is made to intervene in the security element, render it unusable, for example if data is lost.
- mechanical means which, for example, are intended to prevent the opening of the security element or its parts, or which, if an attempt is made to intervene in the security element, render it unusable, for example if data is lost.
- at least parts of the security element can be enclosed, cast and / or laminated in a material, the attempted removal of which leads to an inevitable destruction of the corresponding parts of the security element.
- the visual information is, for example, information that is incorporated into the bank note in an optically readable form.
- this information is printed, embossed, engraved, punched out, cut out or introduced in some other optically detectable manner on the bank note and / or a material layer of the bank note.
- These visual features can be detected, for example, with an optical sensor such as a camera.
- the current nominal value of the banknote can first be checked. For example, a blockchain query for the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote is used. In response to the request, a g of the banknote's blockchain address is received.
- the serial number of the banknote can be recorded electronically, ie read from the banknote's memory, and / or a visual indication of the serial number can be recorded with an optical sensor. For example, both can also take place, ie reading out of the memory and scanning of the visual information, with a subsequent comparison of the results from the two acquisition methods. If the serial number read out agrees with the scanned serial number, this will otherwise not be accepted.
- the serial number of the banknote is assigned to the blockchain address of the banknote, for example in an initialization entry of the blockchain address in the blockchain.
- the corresponding identifier can be, for example, the public cryptographic key of the banknote, from which the blockchain address can be derived using a hash function, for example.
- the corresponding identifier can, for example, be the corresponding blockchain address itself.
- the actual nominal value of a bank note is for example determined solely by the nominal value of the blockchain address which is assigned to the bank note. In order to have access to the nominal value assigned to the corresponding blockchain address, it is necessary to have a real banknote with a private cryptographic key assigned to the corresponding blockchain address.
- one or more security features of the bank note can also be checked before sending a payment request in order to ensure that the bank note is a real one, i.e. an authentic and valid bank note.
- a cash payment or a cashless payment should be made with the banknote. If the current nominal value is identical to the amount to be paid, a cash payment is made, for example, in which the banknote is handed over to the payee and ownership of the latter is transferred to the payee. If the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, a cashless payment is made, for example.
- a corresponding payment request is sent to the banknote for a payment in the form of a transaction for an amount to be paid from the blockchain address of the banknote to a blockchain address of a payee.
- the bank note can authorize this transaction with a signed transaction release.
- the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, it would also be possible for a cash payment to be made and the excess amount as change, for example se in the form of cash, such as banknotes with a suitable face value, is repaid by the payee.
- the current face value can assume any positive value including zero.
- the current nominal value can assume any value between zero and a predetermined maximum nominal value.
- the current nominal value can assume any value greater than or equal to a predetermined minimum nominal value.
- the current nominal value can assume any value from and including a predetermined minimum nominal value up to and including a predetermined maximum nominal value.
- the nominal value of the bank note can include a guaranteed minimum nominal value and a variable additional nominal value component.
- the minimum nominal value can, for example, only be paid in the form of a cash payment with the transfer of the bank note, while the variable additional nominal value portion can be used in the course of a cash-based or cashless payment processing.
- the bank note could only be used to make cashless payments in which the remaining nominal value of the bank note is greater than or equal to the minimum nominal value. If the banknote is to be used to pay an amount that would result in a remaining nominal value that would be less than the minimum nominal value, cashless payment via the blockchain, for example, is blocked. There must therefore be a cash-based payment, for example, in which the bank note is transferred. If the current nominal value of the bank note is greater than the amount to be paid, the difference amount can be refunded by the payee, for example in the form of change.
- the initial nominal value for the banknote or its blockchain address is entered in the blockchain.
- the visual design, the introduced security features and / or the format of the banknote are dependent on its initial nominal value.
- banknotes with different initial nominal values differ from one another, for example with regard to their visual design, the security features introduced and / or the format.
- Banknotes with an identical initial nominal value have, for example, apart from one or more banknote-specific information, such as serial number, information on the year of issue, etc., an identical visual design, identical security features and / or formats.
- the bank note includes a visual indication of the minimum nominal value.
- the minimum nominal value for the banknote or its blockchain address is entered in the blockchain.
- the visual design are the ones brought in Security features and / or the format of the bank note depending on their minimum value.
- banknotes with different minimum nominal values differ from one another, for example with regard to their visual design, the security features introduced and / or the format.
- Banknotes with identical minimum nominal values have, for example, apart from one or more banknote-specific information, such as serial number, information on the year of issue, etc., an identical visual design, identical security features and / or formats.
- the initial nominal value assigned to the banknote is the entire nominal value which is assigned to the banknote in the course of its initialization in the blockchain.
- the total nominal value initially assigned to the banknote is the guaranteed minimum nominal value and an initial additional nominal value.
- the additional nominal value portion is variable, for example, depending on the transactions that are carried out using the banknote's blockchain address.
- the visually indicated initial nominal value is a portion of the total nominal value that is assigned to the banknote in the course of its initialization in the blockchain.
- the corresponding portion is the minimum nominal value, whereby the actual total nominal value can initially be greater, i.e. it can comprise an initial additional nominal value portion.
- the total nominal value that is assigned to the banknote in the course of its initialization in the blockchain is a minimum nominal value of the banknote, which is indicated visually on the banknote, for example.
- the visual indication of the initial nominal value is, for example, at the same time a visual indication of the minimum nominal value of the bank note.
- the minimum nominal value differs from the initial nominal value.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of the minimum nominal value in addition to the visual indication of the initial nominal value.
- variable additional nominal value portion takes place, for example, by means of a transaction of a corresponding amount to the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the transaction can come from another blockchain address, such as a blockchain address of another banknote or the central bank.
- the variable additional nominal value portion can be increased indefinitely.
- the variable additional nominal value portion can be increased as a function of the minimum nominal value and / or the initial nominal value.
- a maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component is entered in the blockchain for the blockchain address of the corresponding banknote.
- the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value portion of the banknote is 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900% or 1000% of the minimum nominal value of the banknote.
- a check is made as to whether the transaction exceeds the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value portion. If the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value component is not exceeded, the transaction is carried out, ie entered in the blockchain. If the maximum permissible variable additional nominal value portion is exceeded, the transaction will not be carried out, ie it will not be entered in the blockchain.
- the bank note includes the visual indication of the serial number distributed several times over the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the serial number can be recorded even if the bank note is partially damaged. For example, details of the serial number are incorporated into the bank note in combination with and / or as a component of several security features. This could have the advantage that as long as there are enough security features to confirm the authenticity and validity of the banknote, the serial number of the banknote can be recorded.
- the bank note includes the visual indication of the initial nominal value and / or the minimum nominal value, likewise distributed several times over the bank note. For example, details of the initial nominal value and / or the minimum nominal value are incorporated into the bank note in combination with and / or as a component of several security features. For example, one or more of the security features of the bank note are dependent on the initial nominal value and / or the minimum nominal value of the bank note.
- the majority of details of the serial number are distributed over the bank note in such a way that it can be ensured that the serial number of the bank note can be determined as long as more than 50% of the bank note is present.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that if part of the banknote is lost, it can be ensured that more than 50% of the banknote is present, which is a prerequisite for replacing the banknote, for example, that the present more than 50% is the serial number of the banknote include.
- the serial number can be recorded and the current nominal value of the bank note can be determined according to the blockchain address of the bank note.
- a banknote-specific public cryptographic key of the asymmetrical key pair of the banknote is also stored in the memory, from which the blockchain address of the banknote can be derived.
- the blockchain address of the bank note is also stored in the memory.
- the bank note also includes a visual indication of the bank-note-specific public cryptographic key. According to embodiments, the bank note also includes a visual indication of the blockchain address of the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a plurality of security features.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the authenticity and validity of the bank note can be checked using the security features, which are level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features, for example.
- one or more security features of the plurality of security features include an indication of the serial number, the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that when the corresponding one or more security features are recorded, the serial number, the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote can also be recorded.
- the security features can be used to check not only the authenticity and validity of the banknote itself, but also the authenticity and validity of the serial number, the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the banknote's block chain address.
- a connection or assignment of the physical banknote and the blockchain address of the banknote secured by the corresponding security features can be provided, which can be identified, for example, using the serial number, the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the one or more security features include information about the serial number, the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote, for example level 1, level 2 and / or level 3 security features.
- the bank note includes the visual indication of the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address distributed several times over the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that even if the bank note is partially damaged, the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address can be recorded.
- details of the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address are incorporated into the banknote in combination with and / or as part of several security features. This could have the advantage that as long as there are enough security features to confirm the Authenticity and validity of the banknote are present, which the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote can be recorded.
- the majority of details of the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address are distributed over the banknote in such a way that it can be ensured that the public cryptographic key and / or the block chain address of the banknote can be determined as long as more than 50% the banknote are available.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that if part of the banknote is lost, it can be ensured that more than 50% of the banknote is present, which is a prerequisite for replacing the banknote, for example, that the present more than 50% is the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address is recorded and the current nominal value of the banknote is determined according to the blockchain address of the banknote can be.
- the bank note generates the transaction approval using the information from the payment request.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note can take over the corresponding information directly from the payment request.
- the payment request includes the complete transaction information, which the bank note signs as a transaction approval.
- the complete transaction details include the amount to be paid and the blockchain address of the payee, for example the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the bank note provides the public cryptographic key of the bank note for deriving the blockchain address of the bank note for the payment request.
- the public cryptographic key of the bank note is provided as visual information for reading, in particular machine reading.
- the visual indication comprises an alphanumeric character string, a bar code, or a QR code of the public cryptographic key.
- the public cryptographic key is sent from the banknote to create the payment request. The transmission takes place, for example, in response to a request for the public cryptographic key.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the banknote's blockchain address, which can be derived from the public cryptographic key, can be provided for creating the payment request without the need for a further instance than the banknote.
- the banknote provides the banknote's blockchain address for the payment request.
- the blockchain address of the bank note is provided as visual information for reading, in particular machine reading.
- the visual indication comprises an alphanumeric character string, a bar code, or a QR code of the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the blockchain address of the banknote is sent by the banknote to create the payment request. Sending occurs, for example, in response to a request for the blockchain address of the banknote.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the blockchain address of the banknote can be provided for creating the payment request without the need for a further instance than the banknote.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with a terminal.
- the bank note receives the payment request from the terminal via the communication interface and / or sends the signed transaction release to the terminal via the communication interface.
- the terminal can be, for example, a terminal of a seller at a point of sale (PoS), ie at the place where a sale is made.
- PoS point of sale
- the terminal can also be act a terminal, which is connected to a user computer system, via which a payment with the banknote is to be processed
- the terminal could also be provided to a user in the form of a mobile portable communication device, such as a smartphone.
- the user could, for example, use the mobile portable communication device to process payments via a network, such as the Internet, to a service provider a seller or a payment service provider.
- the banknote comprises a user interface for communication with a user of the banknote, the banknote receiving the payment request from a user via an input device of the user interface and / or sending the signed transaction approval to the user interface for output via a display device of the user interface.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the user can see and / or control which data are entered into the bank note and which data the bank note outputs.
- the input device can comprise a touch pad, for example.
- the display device can for example comprise a display.
- the input device can for example be combined with the display device, for example in the form of a touch display.
- the user enters the data of the payment request, for example using the input device in banknote.
- the payment request and / or the transaction approval is displayed to the user on the banknote's display device.
- a confirmation of the displayed payment request and / or transaction approval by the user using the input device of the banknote is, for example, a prerequisite for generating and / or signing the transaction approval.
- the signed transaction approval is sent to the display device of the bank note for display, for example as an alphanumeric character string, bar code, or QR code.
- the signed transaction release displayed on the display device can be scanned or read in using an optical sensor, for example a sensor of a terminal, for example.
- a current nominal value of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the current nominal value can be read from the bank note.
- the actually binding nominal value of the banknote is determined by the blockchain with the current nominal value stored under the blockchain address of the banknote, i.e. the current nominal value resulting from the balance of the transactions stored in the blockchain with the participation of the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the current nominal value is stored in the protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the current nominal value is not stored in the protected memory area of the memory of the security element.
- the current nominal value of the banknote stored in the memory of the security element can be read out from the outside.
- the current nominal value of the bank note stored in the memory of the security element cannot be read out from the outside.
- the current nominal value of the banknote stored in the memory of the security element is used solely for an internal check, for example whether an amount to be paid is less than or equal to the current nominal value of the banknote.
- the serial number of the bank note is also stored in the memory of the security element.
- the initial nominal value of the bank note is initially stored as the current nominal value in the memory of the security element.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that, based on this initial nominal value, for each successful richly processed payment of the stored nominal value is adjusted and thus the current nominal value can be tracked on the banknote side.
- the processor is further configured to match the amount to be paid with the stored current nominal value of the banknote when executing the program instructions and to create the signed transaction release for authorization of the transaction only on the condition that the stored current nominal value is greater than or equal to amount payable is.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the current nominal value is sufficient for the payment to be carried out.
- the processor is further configured to execute an update method for updating the stored current nominal value of the bank note when the program instructions are executed.
- the update process includes:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the stored nominal value is updated.
- the cryptographic verification key is an additional cryptographic verification key stored in the memory of the security element in addition to the asymmetrical key pair of the bank note, for example a public cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair assigned to the central bank.
- the signature verification key is stored in the security element, for example, in the course of producing the bank note.
- the update request is received in response to the sending of the signed transaction release.
- the confirmation from the central bank for the updated nominal value is a transaction confirmation from the central bank, in particular a confirmation of an entry of the transaction in the Blockchain.
- the updated nominal value is the previous nominal value of the banknote minus the amount paid.
- the update request is sent to the blockchain address of the banknote in response to a transaction of an additional amount.
- the updated nominal value is the previous nominal value of the banknote plus the additional amount.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that changes in the nominal value in the course of a transaction of an additional amount to the blockchain address of the banknote are also taken into account.
- Embodiments include a method of issuing a bank note.
- the issuing procedure includes:
- the bank note further comprising a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions
- the banknote stores the generated banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair in the memory, the private cryptographic key being stored in a protected memory area of the memory,
- Output of the generated public cryptographic key by the bank note to initialize a banknote-specific blockchain address derived from the public cryptographic key by a central bank issuing the banknote in a blockchain, the blockchain address of the banknote being assigned the initial nominal value in the course of initialization.
- the produced bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note produced includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note or the bank note body is produced or printed.
- the banknote also includes, for example, a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- These program instructions include, for example, cryptographic program instructions for generating a banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair with a private and a public cryptographic key by the banknote.
- an initial nominal value assigned to the banknote or the serial number of the banknote is entered in the blockchain.
- This entry can be made, for example, in the form of a transaction with the corresponding amount and, if necessary, further information from a blockchain address of the central bank to the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the further information includes, for example, the serial number of the banknote, a minimum nominal value of the banknote and / or an additional nominal value portion of the banknote.
- the initial nominal value could also be assigned to the blockchain address by means of an entry from the central bank, e.g.
- the central bank which includes the blockchain address, the initial nominal value and / or further information relating to the banknotes initialized by the entry.
- the further information includes, for example, the serial number of the bank note, a minimum nominal value of the bank note and / or an additional nominal value component of the bank note.
- the issuing method is configured to issue or produce each of the previously described embodiments of the bank note.
- the bank note issued using the issuing method is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- the method further comprises sending a confirmation of manufacture confirming the manufacture of the bank note to the issuing central bank.
- the production confirmation includes the serial number and the public cryptographic key of the bank note produced for initializing a bank-note-specific blockchain address derived from the public cryptographic key by the issuing central bank in the blockchain.
- the confirmation of manufacture also includes an indication of an initial nominal value and / or a minimum nominal value of the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the production confirmation provides the central bank with all of the information necessary to initialize the banknote in the blockchain.
- information characterizing the banknote is confirmed to the central bank by the production confirmation.
- the central bank specifies in an order to a manufacturer of the bank note which serial numbers are to be used for producing bank notes with which initial nominal values and / or minimum nominal values.
- the manufacturing Confirmation confirms to the central bank which banknotes with which serial numbers and which initial nominal value and / or a minimum nominal value were actually produced.
- the initialization comprises registering the blockchain address of the bank note by means of an initialization or registration entry of the issuing central bank in the blockchain.
- the registration entry comprises the blockchain address of the bank note and the initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the registration entry is signed using a private cryptographic key of the issuing central bank.
- the registration entry has the form of a transaction of the initial nominal value from the issuing central bank, for example from a blockchain address assigned to the central bank, to the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the registration entry includes the serial number of the banknote.
- an assignment of the serial number of the banknote to the blockchain address of the banknote and / or the banknote's public key is stored in an additional register of the issuing central bank, the serial number being used as a database access key for reading out the blockchain address and / or the public key serves the banknote.
- the bank note is produced upon receipt of an order from a central bank issuing the bank note.
- an indication of the predefined range of serial numbers is received.
- an indication of the initial nominal value and / or minimum nominal value provided for the banknote is received.
- Embodiments include a method of using a bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a banknote-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair of the banknote is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetrical key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address of a blockchain managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the processor is configured to execute a payment method with the bank note when executing the program instructions.
- the payment process includes:
- a further transaction-specific value is sent together with the signed transaction release.
- the further transaction-specific value is included in the signature of the transaction approval and / or attached to the signed transaction approval.
- the further transaction-specific value is, for example, a time stamp and / or a random number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the bank note, as already described above, cannot be used for a cash payment, but also for a cashless payment.
- the bank note used for paying is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- a banknote-specific public cryptographic key of the asymmetrical key pair of the banknote is also stored in the memory, from which the banknote's blockchain address can be derived.
- the blockchain address of the bank note is also stored in the memory. Execution forms can have the advantage that the banknote has the blockchain address and / or can derive it.
- the bank note also includes a visual indication of the bank-note-specific public cryptographic key.
- the bank note also includes a visual indication of the blockchain address of the bank note. If the banknote includes a visual indication of the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote, the banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair is generated, for example, during the production of the banknote, so that the banknote-specific public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the Banknote in the course of production for example, printed on the banknote or otherwise introduced into the banknote who can.
- the banknote can comprise a display device on which the banknote-specific public cryptographic keys and / or the blockchain address of the banknote stored in the memory of the security element can be displayed as visual information.
- the bank note generates the transaction approval using the information from the payment request.
- the payment request includes the complete transaction information, which the bank note signs as a transaction approval.
- the bank note provides the public cryptographic key of the bank note for deriving the blockchain address of the bank note for the payment request.
- the public cryptographic key of the bank note is provided as a visual indication for reading.
- the public cryptographic key is sent from the banknote.
- the banknote provides the banknote's blockchain address for the payment request.
- the blockchain address of the bank note is provided as a visual indication for reading.
- the blockchain address of the bank note is sent from the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with a terminal.
- the bank note receives the payment request from the terminal via the communication interface and / or sends the signed transaction release to the terminal via the communication interface.
- the banknote comprises a user interface for communication with a user of the banknote, the banknote receiving the payment request from a user via an input device of the user interface and / or sending the signed transaction approval to the user interface for output via a display device of the user interface.
- Embodiments include a method of processing payments using a terminal.
- Payment is made with a bank note, which comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a banknote-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the banknote is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetric key pair is one Banknote-specific blockchain address assigned to a blockchain managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communication with the bank note.
- the procedure includes:
- a further transaction-specific value is also received together with the signed transaction release.
- the further transaction-specific value is included in the signature of the transaction approval and / or attached to the signed transaction approval.
- the further transaction-individual value is, for example, a time stamp and / or a random number.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that cashless payment processing is made possible via a terminal.
- the bank note used to process payments is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the central bank, in addition to its role as the bank note issuing institution, also provides services in the area of the bank note and / or the terminal or a payee that uses Provides payment transactions or payment processing and therefore acts as a classic bank or a commercial bank.
- a central bank is understood here to be a national or supranational institution which has the monopoly right to issue coins and banknotes as legal tender.
- a central bank can also perform monetary policy tasks.
- a central bank holds the currency reserve of a currency area, for example it regulates the amount of money, for example it influences the creation of money by lending the commercial banks and / or refinances these commercial banks and the state.
- the central bank issues the banknotes and puts them into circulation.
- the terminal can be, for example, a terminal of a seller at a point of sale (PoS), ie at the place where a sale is made.
- the terminal can also be act a terminal, which is connected to a user computer system, through which a payment with the banknote is to be processed Payment service provider.
- the terminal could also be provided to a user in the form of a mobile portable communication device, for example a smartphone Seller or a payment service provider.
- checking the signed transaction release includes checking the signature of the transaction release and checking whether a current nominal value of the banknote assigned to the blockchain address of the banknote is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that an effective test can take place. For example, the transaction can be confirmed before the transaction is entered in the blockchain. This can be the case, for example, if it is ensured that no further previous transactions from the blockchain address of the banknote are in a queue for entries in the blockchain and / or the confirmation is made with the proviso that further previous transactions from the blockchain address of the banknote possibly be in a queue for entries in the blockchain.
- the first transaction confirmation is a preliminary transaction confirmation in which the current nominal value of the banknote is checked using a register which is len is updated and which includes a current nominal value for the blockchain addresses of the blockchain, which results from the balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain using the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the first transaction confirmation is accepted as a sufficient transaction confirmation if the amount to be paid does not exceed a threshold value.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the checking of the current nominal value of the banknote can be checked quickly without first having to calculate the complete balance of the transactions stored in the blockchain using the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- a cash payment or a cashless payment should be made with the banknote. If the current nominal value is identical to the amount to be paid, a cash payment is made, for example, in which the banknote is handed over to the payee and ownership of the latter is transferred to the payee. If the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, a cashless payment is made, for example, in which a corresponding payment request for a payment in the form of a transaction for an amount to be paid is sent from the blockchain address of the banknote to a blockchain address of a payee to the banknote. The banknote can authorize this transaction with a signed transaction release.
- the current nominal value is greater than the amount to be paid, it would also be possible for a cash payment to be made and the excess amount to be repaid by the payee as change, for example in the form of cash.
- the nominal value of the bank note can also include a guaranteed minimum nominal value and a variable additional nominal value component.
- the minimum nominal value can, for example, only be paid in the form of a cash payment with the transfer of the bank note, while the variable additional nominal value portion can be used in the course of a cash-based or cashless payment processing.
- the bank note could only be used to make cashless payments in which the remaining nominal value of the bank note is greater than or equal to the minimum nominal value. If the banknote is to be used to pay an amount that would result in a remaining nominal value that would be less than the minimum nominal value, cashless payment via the blockchain, for example, is blocked. There must therefore be a cash-based payment, for example, in which the bank note is transferred. If the current nominal value of the banknote is greater than the amount to be paid, the difference can be refunded by the payee in the form of change, for example.
- the register used for the preliminary transaction confirmation also includes an indication of the minimum nominal value of the banknote with the corresponding block chain address.
- the first transaction confirmation is not accepted as sufficient if the amount to be paid exceeds the threshold value.
- a second transaction confirmation is received, which activates an entry of the transaction in the blockchain, which is accepted as sufficient.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be safely assumed that the transaction was successful if the transaction was actually entered in the blockchain.
- the public cryptographic key is also received.
- the public cryptographic key is received before the payment request is sent.
- the public cryptographic key is scanned or read in as a visual information provided by the bank note.
- the public cryptographic key is received by the bank note in response to a request sent to the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the public cryptographic key can be used by the terminal to derive the blockchain address of the bank note.
- the derived blockchain address of the banknote or the public cryptographic key can be sent to the banknote as part of the payment request.
- the payment request can include the complete transaction details, which only need to be signed by the bank note in order to generate the signed transaction confirmation.
- receiving the public cryptographic key comprises reading the visual indication of the public cryptographic key using a sensor of the terminal.
- the visual indication comprises an alphanumeric character string, a bar code, or a QR code of the public cryptographic key.
- receiving the public cryptographic key comprises receiving the public cryptographic key sent using the communication interface of the bank note using the communication interface of the terminal.
- the payment processing method further comprises deriving the blockchain address of the bank note from the public cryptographic key of the bank note.
- the payment request includes, for example, the complete transaction details Bl ben with the blockchain address derived from the banknote's public cryptographic key, which signs the banknote as a transaction release.
- the bank note comprises a plurality of security features.
- the method includes, as a prerequisite for sending the payment request, successful detection and validation of one or more predefined security features of the multiple security features of the bank note.
- the method comprises the successful detection and validation of one or more predefined security features of the multiple security features of the bank note as a prerequisite for forwarding the signed transaction release of the bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the authenticity and validity of the banknote can be checked on the basis of the security features.
- the method comprises as a prerequisite for sending the payment request:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that it can be ensured that the current nominal value assigned to the bank note is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid. In other words, it can be ensured that the bank note actually has sufficient value to pay the amount to be paid.
- the acquisition of the identifier comprises reading a visual indication of the identifier comprised by the bank note using a sensor of the terminal.
- the sensor is, for example, an optical sensor.
- the acquisition of the identifier comprises receiving the identifier sent using the communication interface of the bank note using the communication interface of the terminal.
- the identifier is stored in the memory of the security element.
- the received current nominal value of the bank note is a nominal value of the blockchain address of the bank note read from the register.
- the register is updated at regular intervals and includes a current nominal value for the blockchain addresses of the blockchain, which results from the balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain using the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the received current nominal value of the banknote is a nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote read from the blockchain.
- the current nominal value read out of the banknote results, for example, from the balance sheet of the transactions stored in the block chain with the participation of the banknote's blockchain address.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that a current nominal value can be determined in an efficient manner. For example, it is not necessary to first calculate the complete balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain using the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- a plurality of bank notes are received.
- the identifiers of the blockchain addresses of the banknotes are recorded, for example serial numbers, public cryptographic keys and / or the blockchain addresses themselves, and a current nominal value is determined for each of the banknotes using a blockchain query for the banknotes according to the assigned blockchain address.
- a set of bank notes is selected and retained, the sum of the current nominal values of which result in an amount that is less than an amount to be paid.
- a remaining difference amount between the amount to be paid and the summed up amount of the set of selected bank notes is smaller than a current nominal value of another bank note of the plurality of bank notes which is not included in the set of selected bank notes.
- the payment request is sent to the additional banknote for payment of the difference.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that a combination of cash-based and cashless payment could be made possible.
- the payment of the difference is also made by withholding the additional banknote and the excess amount paid is reimbursed. For example, through a transaction from a blockchain address of the payee to a blockchain address of a banknote that has not been retained, which remains the property of the debtor. According to embodiments, all banknotes that have not been retained are returned.
- the bank notes of the plurality of bank notes each comprise a plurality of security features.
- the method includes, for example, a validity check for each of the bank notes.
- the validity check of the bank notes includes, for example, a successful detection and validation of one or more predefined security features of the multiple security features of the corresponding bank note.
- Embodiments can have the advantage that the authenticity and validity of all bank notes can be ensured, in particular the bank notes retained.
- Embodiments include a method for determining a current face value of a bank note using a terminal.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a bank note-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair of the bank note is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetrical key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address of a blockchain managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communication with the bank note.
- the determination of the current nominal value by the terminal includes:
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the terminal can use the identifier, for example the serial number, the public cryptographic key or the blockchain address itself, to determine the current nominal value of the banknote.
- the bank note includes, for example, visual information on the corresponding identifier and / or reads this out from the security element.
- Using the serial number can have the advantage that the serial number can be present independently of a generation of the public cryptographic key of the banknote and thus of the banknote's blockchain address.
- the serial number can thus be printed on the bank note and / or introduced into the bank note in some other way before the asymmetrical cryptographic key pair of the bank note is generated. This makes it possible first to complete the production of the bank note and then to generate the asymmetrical cryptographic key pair of the bank note. Otherwise, the asymmetrical cryptographic key pair of the banknote is generated by the security element, for example before or at the beginning of the manufacture of the banknote, and the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address derived therefrom is provided for use in the manufacture of the banknote.
- the public cryptographic key is issued by the security element before or at the beginning of the production of the bank note.
- the issued public cryptographic key is assigned, for example, to the serial number of the banknote to be produced, so that the security model is assigned to the serial number of the banknote to be produced.
- the acquisition of the identifier comprises reading a visual indication of the identifier using a sensor of the terminal.
- the acquisition of the identifier comprises receiving the identifier sent using the communication interface of the bank note using the communication interface of the terminal.
- the current nominal value is determined in the course of a cash-based payment process with the transfer of the corresponding bank note in order to determine the actual value and thus the amount of money actually transferred on the basis of cash.
- the received current nominal value of the bank note is a nominal value of the blockchain address of the bank note read from the register.
- the register is updated at regular intervals and includes a current nominal value for the blockchain addresses of the blockchain, which results from the balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain using the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the received current nominal value of the bank note is one from the blockchain read out nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote. The current nominal value read out of the banknote results, for example, from the balance sheet of the transactions stored in the blockchain with the participation of the banknote's blockchain address.
- the bank note is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above.
- Embodiments include a method of replacing a bill.
- the bank note includes a visual indication of a serial number that uniquely identifies the bank note and an initial nominal value assigned to the bank note.
- the banknote includes the visual indication of the serial number distributed several times over the banknote.
- the bank note comprises a plurality of security features arranged distributed over the bank note:
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- a bank note-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the bank note is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetrical key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address in a blockchain managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the bank note is also damaged.
- Replacing the banknote with the central bank issuing the damaged banknote includes:
- Embodiments can have the advantage that, in the event of damage, the actual nominal value of the bank note can be replaced. This actual face value can differ significantly from the initial nominal value of the banknote and / or a minimum nominal value of the banknote. According to embodiments, so that the degree of damage to the banknote does not exceed a predefined, permissible maximum degree of damage, it is necessary that more than 50% of the banknote are present and / or the banknote includes one or more valid security features necessary for replacement.
- the replaced bank note is a bank note according to one of the embodiments described above. According to embodiments, the damaged bank note is retained.
- paying out the current nominal value of the damaged bank note comprises providing one or more bank notes as a replacement, the total of the current nominal values of which correspond to the current nominal value of the damaged bank note.
- the one or more bank notes as substitutes are bank notes according to one of the embodiments described above.
- paying out the current nominal value of the damaged bank note comprises entering a transaction for an amount equal to the current nominal value from a blockchain address of the central bank issuing the damaged bank note to a blockchain address specified by an owner of the damaged bank note.
- the specified blockchain address is assigned to another bank note belonging to the owner, i.e. the owner of the damaged bank notes, the owner of the damaged bank note personally or to another institution selected by the owner of the damaged bank notes.
- the damage includes damage to the security element, so that the security element can no longer provide signed transaction releases.
- the processor, the memory and / or a communication interface of the security element is damaged.
- the security element is missing.
- the majority of details of the identifier are distributed over the bank note in such a way that it can be ensured that the identifier and thus the blockchain address of the bank note can be determined as long as more than 50% of the bank note is present.
- the plurality of security elements is distributed over the banknote in such a way that it can be ensured that valid security features necessary for a replacement are present as long as more than 50% of the banknote is undamaged.
- the replacement of the bank note by the central bank issuing the damaged bank note further comprises a blocking entry in the blockchain by the central bank managing the block chain and issuing the bank note.
- the blockchain address is blocked by the block entry.
- the lock entry indicates, for example, that the banknote's blockchain address is invalid.
- Embodiments could have the advantage that when the bank note is replaced, the processor and / or the security element of the damaged bank note is not held back and payments continue to be made with this after the (last) current nominal value of the damaged bank note has been paid out, ie signed transaction confirmations are issued be able. Furthermore, it can be prevented, for example, that payments are accidentally made to the blockchain address of the damaged bank node after the (last) current nominal value has already been paid out and the damaged bank note has been retained. In this case, for example, there is no longer any possibility of accessing the accidentally transferred money.
- a check is made to determine whether the corresponding blockchain address is blocked. If the blockchain address is not blocked, the transaction is carried out, i.e. it is entered in the blockchain. If the blockchain address is blocked, the transaction will not be carried out, i.e. not entered in the blockchain.
- a check is made to determine whether the corresponding blockchain address is blocked. If the blockchain address is not blocked, the transaction is carried out, i.e. it is entered in the blockchain. If the blockchain address is blocked, the transaction will not be carried out, i.e. not entered in the blockchain.
- FIG. 1 are schematic block diagrams of exemplary banknotes
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system with an exemplary bank note
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing banknotes
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for determining a current nominal value
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a mobile portable communication device
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for replacing a bank note
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for using a bank note
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a bank note
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a plurality of banknotes
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for determining a current nominal value
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for replacing a bank note.
- FIGS. 1 show exemplary bank notes 100.
- the bank note 100 shown in FIG. 1A comprises a plurality of security features 110 which prove the authenticity and validity of the bank note 100.
- the security features 110 are arranged distributed over the bank note 100.
- the security features 110 are arranged distributed over the bank note 100 such that as long as more than 50% of the bank note is in an undamaged condition, the authenticity and validity of the bank note 100 can be proven.
- the bank note 100 also includes a visual indication of the serial number 106 of the bank note 100, which is, for example, printed on the bank note 100.
- the bank note 100 comprises a plurality of visual information of the serial number 106, which is arranged distributed over the bank note 100, for example in micro-writing.
- the serial number 106 is distributed over the bank note 100 such that as long as more than 50% of the bank note is in an undamaged state, the serial number 106 of the bank note 100 can be determined.
- the serial number 106 of the banknote 100 is for example a public cryptographic key, from which the block chain address of the bank note 100 can be derived, and / or a block chain address of the bank note 100.
- a public cryptographic key from which the blockchain address of the banknote 100 can be derived, and / or a blockchain address of the banknote 100 can be determined.
- the banknote includes one or more visual indications of an initial nominal value 108 of the banknote 100.
- the initial nominal value 108 is, for example, a minimum nominal value of the banknote 100.
- the banknote 100 comprises one or more visual indications of one of the initial Nominal value 108 different minimum nominal value in addition to the indication of the initial nominal value 108.
- the bank note 100 includes the one or more visual indications of the minimum nominal value instead of visual indications of an initial nominal value 108 different from the minimum nominal value.
- the bank note comprises a security element 102 with a Processor and a memory. A private cryptographic key for signing transaction releases, i.e.
- the bank note 100 comprises a communication interface 104 for communicating with a terminal, in particular for contactless communication.
- the bank note 100 receives, for example, payment requests via the communication interface 104 and sends, for example, signed transaction approvals.
- FIG. 1B shows an exemplary bank note 100 which corresponds to the exemplary bank note 100 from FIG. 1A.
- the user interface 112 comprises a touch display with which both data can be entered by the user and data can be displayed to the user.
- FIG. 1C shows an exemplary bank note 100 which corresponds to the exemplary bank note 100 from FIG. 1A.
- the bank note 100 in FIG. 1C also includes a visual indication which identifies the blockchain address of the bank note 100.
- the additional information is, for example, a public cryptographic key 116, from which the blockchain ad- The address of the banknote 100 can be derived and / or the blockchain address of the banknote 100.
- FIG. ID shows an exemplary banknote 100 which corresponds to the exemplary banknote 100 from FIG. IC.
- the bank note 100 includes a plurality of additional visual information that identifies a blockchain address of the bank note 100, such as the public cryptographic key 116.
- This additional visual information is distributed over the bank note 100, for example in micro-writing.
- the additional visual information is distributed over the bank note 100 in such a way that as long as more than 50% of the bank note is in an undamaged state, the blockchain address of the bank note 100 can be identified.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary system with an exemplary bank note 100.
- the bank note 100 comprises a security element 102 with a processor 124 and a memory 120.
- the processor 124 for program instructions 128.
- These program instructions 128 include, for example, cryptographic program instructions for generating an asymmetric key pair 116, 118 of the bank note 100 and for signing transaction releases with a private cryptographic key 118 of the asymmetric key pair.
- the cryptographic program instructions can be configured, for example, to derive a block chain address of the bank note 110 from the public cryptographic key 116.
- the public cryptographic key 116 of the asymmetric key pair is stored in the memory 120.
- the serial number der106 of the bank note 100 is stored in the memory 120, for example.
- the private cryptographic key 118 of the asymmetric key pair is stored in a protected memory area 122 of the memory 120.
- the bank note 100 comprises, for example, a communication interface 104 for communication with external devices, such as a terminal 130.
- the communication interface 104 is configured, for example, for contactless communication.
- the banknote 100 includes visual information 107, for example the serial number 106 and / or the public cryptographic key 116.
- the banknote 100 can, for example, also have a user interface with an input and / or output device for entering and / or displaying data such as transaction data.
- the bank note 100 communicates using the communication interface 104, for example, with a terminal 130.
- the terminal 130 is, for example, a payment terminal of a PoS.
- the terminal 130 comprises a processor 134 for executing program instructions 136 and a memory 132.
- the terminal 130 comprises a communication interface 137 for communication with the bank note 100.
- the terminal 130 comprises a communication interface 139 for communication via a network 160, such as like the internet.
- the terminal 130 is, for example, to a payment processing configured with banknote 100.
- the terminal 130 sends, for example, a payment request to the banknote 100 and receives a signed transaction approval from the banknote 100, which the terminal 130 via the network 160 to a blockchain server 140, 141 for entering the transaction authorized by the signed transaction approval into the blockchain 148.
- the blockchain server 140, 141 belongs, for example, to a blockchain network 154.
- the terminal can furthermore comprise sensor 139, for example.
- the sensor 139 is configured, for example, to detect visual information 107 of the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106 and / or the public cryptographic key 116 To check authenticity and validity.
- a blockchain address is stored which the terminal 130 uses as a recipient address for receiving payments.
- the terminal 130 communicates, for example, via a remote server 170 with the blockchain servers 140, 141.
- the server 170 comprises, for example, a memory 172, a processor 174 for executing program instructions 176 and a communication interface 178 for communication via the network 160.
- the Server 170 provides the terminal 130 with the blockchain address to be used as the recipient address.
- the server 170 forwards signed transaction releases received via the terminal 130 to the blockchain servers 140, 141.
- the server 170 forwards transaction confirmations and / or entry confirmations received from the blockchain servers 140, 141 to the terminal 130.
- the system further comprises one or more blockchain servers 140, 141.
- the blockchain servers 140, 141 are, for example, part of a blockchain network 154 or form blockchain nodes of a blockchain network 154.
- the blockchain servers 140, 141 and / or the blockchain network 154 are administered, for example, by a central bank that issues the banknote. If the central bank is a central bank to which several countries belong, the blockchain network 154 comprises, for example, one or more blockchain servers 140, 141 per country.
- the blockchain servers 140, 141 and / or the blockchain network 154 are comprised by a central bank system 156.
- the blockchain server 140 comprises, for example, a memory, a processor 142 for executing program instructions 144 and a communication interface 152 for communication via the network 160.
- a copy of the blockchain 148 and / or a register 150 is stored in the memory 146, for example.
- the register 150 is, for example, a register which is updated at regular intervals and which includes a current nominal value for each of the blockchain addresses of the blockchain 148.
- the current nominal values are taken from the balance sheets in the blockchain 148 stored transactions are calculated for the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the register 150 provides, for example, a "Fast Blockchain" in which the precalculated balance sheet results for the blockchain addresses are made available as current nominal values of the corresponding blockchain addresses. Using such a register can have the advantage that current nominal values can be determined more quickly because these are already available and do not have to be calculated first.
- the register 150 can be managed by a virtual machine (VM) of the blockchain server 140, for example.
- VM virtual machine
- the blockchain server 140 can be configured to register and / or block bank notes or blockchain addresses of bank notes in the blockchain 148 at the request of the central bank.
- the blockchain server 140 can be configured to provide, on request, information about current nominal values of banknotes according to the transactions stored in the blockchain 148 using the blockchain addresses of the corresponding banknotes.
- the blockchain server 140 uses the register 150 to provide corresponding information.
- the blockchain network 154 can, for example, comprise one or more further blockchain servers 141.
- the further blockchain servers 141 each include, for example, a memory 147, a processor 143 for executing program instructions 145 and a communication interface 153 for communication via the network 160.
- a copy of the blockchain 148 is stored in each of the memories 147, for example.
- the blockchain servers 141 are configured, for example, to register and / or block banknotes or blockchain addresses of banknotes in the blockchain 148 at the request of the central bank.
- a mobile portable communication device 180 or a user computer system 190 can also be used for payment processing.
- the mobile communication device 180 or the user computer system 190 can serve, for example, as a local PoS.
- the payment is processed using the remote server 170.
- the payment is processed using a server 200 of a payment service provider or a financial service provider.
- the mobile communication device 180 for example a smartphone, includes, for example, a memory 182 and a processor 184 for executing program instructions 186. Furthermore, the mobile communication device 180 includes, for example, a communication interface 187 for communication with the banknote 100 and a communication interface 188 for communication via the network 160. For example, the mobile communication device 180 comprises a camera for capturing visual information 107 of the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106 or the public cryptographic See the key 116 of the banknote 100. The mobile communication device 180 is configured, for example, to send a payment request, for example from the server 170 or the payment service server 200, to the banknote 100 and a transaction release signed by the banknote 100 to the server 170 or the payment service server 200 forward.
- a payment request for example from the server 170 or the payment service server 200
- the mobile communication device 180 is further configured, for example using the camera 189, to determine the blockchain address of the banknote 100 and to supplement the payment request to the banknote 100 with the blockchain address as the starting address of the payment. Furthermore, the mobile communication device 180 can be configured to determine the current nominal value of the banknote 100 according to the blockchain 148 directly or through the intermediary of a server such as the server 170 or the payment service server 200 and to display it to a user using a user interface 181.
- the user interface 181 comprises, for example, an input and an output device for the communication of the user with the mobile communication device 180.
- the input device comprises, for example, a keyboard.
- the output device includes, for example, a display. For example, input and output devices are combined with one another in the form of a touch display.
- the user computer system 190 includes, for example, a memory 192 and a processor 194 for executing program instructions 196.
- the user computer system 190 also includes, for example, a communication interface 197 for communication with the banknote 100 and a communication interface 198 for communication via the network 160.
- the user computer system includes 190 a sensor, such as a camera, for capturing visual information 107 of the banknote 100, such as the serial number 106 or the public cryptographic key 116 of the banknote 100 or the payment service server 200 to forward the bank note 100 and a transaction release signed by the bank note to the server 170 or the payment service server 200.
- the user computer system 190 is further configured to use the sensor 199 to determine the block chain address of the banknote 100 and to supplement the payment request to the banknote 100 with the blockchain address as the starting address for the payment. Furthermore, the user computer system 190 can be configured to determine the current nominal value of the banknote 100 according to the blockchain 148 directly or through the intermediary of a server such as the server 170 or the payment service server 200 and to display it to a user using a user interface 191.
- the user interface 191 comprises, for example, an input and an output device for the user to communicate with the mobile communication device 190.
- the input device comprises, for example, a keyboard and / or mouse.
- the output device includes, for example, a display. For example, input and output devices are combined with one another in the form of a touch display.
- the server 200 of the payment service provider is configured, for example, to enable payment processing using the banknote 100 and a local device for communication with the banknote 100, such as the mobile communication device 180 or the user computer system 190.
- the payment service server 200 includes, for example, a memory 202, a processor 204 for executing program instructions 206 and a communication interface 208 for communication via the network 160.
- the payment service server 200 provides the local device with transaction data for a transaction to be carried out, such as a transaction to be used as a recipient address Blockchain address and / or information on the amount to be paid is available.
- the payment service server 200 forwards received signed transaction releases to the blockchain servers 140, 141 via the local device.
- the payment service server 200 forwards transaction confirmations and / or entry confirmations received from the blockchain servers 140, 141 to the local device.
- the system includes, for example, a manufacturer's computer system 210, which is used in the course of manufacturing the bank note 100.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 includes, for example, a memory 212 and a processor 214 for executing program instructions 216.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 also includes, for example, a communication interface 221 for communicating with the banknote 100.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 reads the public using the communication interface 217 cryptographic key 116 of the bank note 100.
- the manufacturer's computer system 210 uses the communication interface 217 to send data to the banknote 100 for storage, such as the serial number 106 of the banknote 100 Quality control of banknote 100 carried out.
- a confirmation of manufacture is sent to the central bank by the manufacturer's computer system 210 using a communication interface 218 for communication with a computer system of the central bank, such as the central bank computer system 220.
- the confirmation of manufacture includes, for example, the serial number 106 and / or the public cryptographic key 116 of the banknote 100 for initializing the banknote 100 in the blockchain 148.
- the system further comprises, for example, a central bank computer system 220 with a memory 222 and a processor 224 for executing program instructions 226.
- the central bank computer system 220 comprises, for example, a communication interface 228 for communication with the manufacturer computer system 210 and / or with the blockchain servers 140, 141, for example via the network 160.
- the central bank computer system 220 is configured, for example, to register and / or block banknotes or blockchain addresses of banknotes in the blockchain 148.
- the central bank computer system 220 is configured, for example, to send an initialization request and / or a lock request for initializing or locking the banknote 100 to one of the blockchain servers 140, 141.
- the central bank computer system 220 uses, for example, data which the manufacturer's computer system makes available in the form of the production confirmation.
- the central bank computer system 220 can include, for example, a sensor for checking security features of a damaged bank note. If the check of the security features and the degree of damage to the banknote shows that it is a valid banknote, the central bank will replace the damaged banknote.
- the central bank computer system 220 determines, for example, the current nominal value of the damaged banknote using a corresponding request to one of the blockchain servers 140, 141, pays out the current nominal value and sends a blocking request to block the blockchain address of the damaged banknote to one of the blockchain servers 140, 141.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing banknotes 100.
- the central bank 220 sends an order for the production of banknotes 100 to a manufacturer 210, for example a printer.
- the order specifies a range of serial numbers.
- the range of serial numbers specifies serial numbers which are to be used for the bank notes 100 to be produced.
- the order also specifies initial nominal values for the bank notes 100 to be produced.
- the order specifies a minimum nominal value and / or a variable additional nominal value portion.
- the manufacturer 210 produces the banknotes 100 in accordance with the order received.
- the bank notes 100 produced each include, for example, a security element with a processor.
- the security elements of the bank notes 100 each generate a bank-note-specific asymmetrical key pair.
- a public cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair is stored in a memory of the corresponding security element.
- the private cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair is stored in a protected memory area of the corresponding memory.
- the manufacturer 210 reads out the public cryptographic key in each case from the memories of the bank notes 100.
- include Bank notes 100 each have a visual indication of one of the serial numbers from the specified range of serial numbers which was assigned to the respective bank note 100gg in the course of the manufacturing process.
- the visual information of the serial numbers of the manufactured bank notes 100 are read.
- the serial numbers of the bank notes 100 are also stored in the memories of the bank notes 100.
- the manufacturer 210 also reads the serial number from the memories of the banknotes 100.
- step 308 for example, a visual indication of the read public cryptographic key and / or a blockchain address of the bank note derived from the public cryptographic key is added to the respective bank note, for example printed on it.
- step 310 a production confirmation is sent to the central bank 220, which identifies the banknotes 100 produced.
- the production confirmation indicates the serial numbers of the banknotes 100 produced.
- the production confirmation specifies the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain addresses of the produced bank notes 100 derived from the public cryptographic key.
- the production confirmation specifies the initial nominal values of the bank notes 100 produced.
- the manufacturing confirmation specifies minimum nominal values and / or variable additional nominal value components of the initial nominal values.
- the block chain addresses of the bank notes 100 produced are initialized by the central bank 220 in the block chain 148.
- the central bank 220 adds an initialization entry to the blockchain 148.
- the initialization entry specifies the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain addresses of the bank notes 100 produced, which are derived from the public cryptographic key.
- the initialization entry also indicates the serial numbers of the bank notes 100 produced.
- the initialization entry also specifies the initial nominal values of the bank notes 100.
- the initialization entry also specifies the minimum nominal values of the bank notes 100.
- the bank notes 100 produced are delivered and arrive at users 162. For example, the bank notes arrive at users 162 as cash in the course of the cash-based payment transaction.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal of a PoS ("Point of Sale") 164.
- the PoS 164 or the terminal receives a public cryptographic key of a blockchain address or a blockchain address which the PoS 164 is used as the payee for receiving payments via the blockchain 148.
- the user 162 provides a bank note 100 for a cashless payment.
- the PoS 164 reads a visual indication of a public cryptographic key Banknote 100 or a blockchain address of banknote 100 derived from the public cryptographic key.
- PoS 164 creates a payment request and sends the payment request to banknote 100.
- the payment request defines a transaction of an amount to be paid from a blockchain address of banknote 100 to the blockchain address of PoS 164 as the payee.
- the PoS 164 could also read the serial number of the banknote 100 and send a request to the blockchain 148 or a register 148, which queries the blockchain address assigned to the corresponding serial number. If the blockchain 148 or the register 150 includes an entry which assigns a blockchain address of the banknote 100 to the serial number of the banknote 100, the PoS 164 receives, for example, the blockchain address of the banknote 100 or a public key of the banknote 100 in response to the request from which the blockchain address can be derived.
- the banknote 100 creates a transaction release, signs the transaction release with the private cryptographic key of the banknote 100 and sends it to the PoS 164.
- the transaction release includes, for example, the blockchain address of the banknote 100, the blockchain address of the payee, ie the PoS 164, and the amount to be paid.
- the signature also includes a time stamp, for example.
- the PoS 164 forwards the signed transaction release to the register 150.
- the register 150 is, for example, a register which is updated at regular intervals and which each includes a current nominal value for the blockchain addresses of the blockchain 148. The current nominal values are calculated from the balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain 148 for the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the register 150 provides, for example, a "fast blockchain" in which the precalculated balance sheet results for the blockchain addresses are provided as current nominal values of the corresponding blockchain addresses. Using such a register can have the advantage that current nominal values can be determined more quickly because these are already available and do not have to be calculated first.
- the register 150 can, for example, be managed by a virtual machine (VM) of a blockchain server or blockchain node of the blockchain network.
- VM virtual machine
- the PoS 164 can also send the signed transaction release to the Send block chain 148 without using a register 150.
- the register 150 or the server / virtual machine on which the register 150 is administered checks the transaction authorized by the bank note 100. For example, the register 150 checks whether the current nominal value of the banknote 100 is sufficient to pay the amount to be paid using the blockchain 148. For example, the register 150 checks whether the current nominal value of the bank note 100 is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid. For example, the register 150 checks whether the current Nominal value includes an additional nominal value component which is sufficient to pay the amount to be paid, ie the guaranteed minimum nominal value remains after payment of the amount to be paid. Furthermore, the register 150 or the server / the virtual machine on which the register 150 is managed checks, for example the signature of the transaction approval. Furthermore, it is checked, for example, that an identical transaction, e.g.
- the register 150 sends a transaction confirmation, which confirms a positive check of the signed transaction release, to the PoS 164.
- the register 150 or the server / virtual machine on which the register 150 is administered the signed transaction approval is passed on to the blockchain 148 for entry in step 334.
- the server on which the register 150 is managed can enter the transaction for a positive check of the signed transaction release and forward the entry to other servers in a blockchain network.
- the PoS 164 upon receipt of the transaction confirmation in step 332, the PoS 164 confirms the payment to the user 164.
- the payment confirmation in step 336 only takes place under the condition that the amount to be paid is less than a threshold value. If the amount to be paid is greater than or equal to the threshold value, a confirmation of the entry must also be received to confirm the payment, which confirms the actual entry of the transaction in the blockchain.
- the PoS 164 receives a registration confirmation from the block chain 148 or a blockchain server managing the blockchain 148 after the transaction has been entered in the blockchain 148. If the amount to be paid is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the payment is not confirmed to the user 164 until step 340.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for determining a current nominal value of a banknote 100.
- the user 162 provides the banknote 100 to a reading device, such as a mobile portable communication device 180, for example a smartphone.
- the mobile communication device 180 reads a visual indication of a public cryptographic key of the banknote 100 or a blockchain address of the banknote 100 derived from the public cryptographic key. Alternatively, the communication device 180 could also read the serial number of the banknote 100.
- the communication device 180 sends a request for the current nominal value, which is assigned to the blockchain address of the banknote 100, to the register 150. Alternatively, such a request could also be sent to the blockchain or a server managing the blockchain.
- the query includes, for example, the public cryptographic key of the banknote 100, from which the blockchain address of the banknote 100 can be derived.
- the request includes the serial number of the banknote 100 if the blockchain 148 or the register 150 includes an entry that assigns a blockchain address of the banknote 100 to the serial number of the banknote 100.
- the register 150 or the blockchain 148 or a server managing the register 150 or the blockchain 148 sends the current nominal value to the mobile communication device 180 in response to the request.
- the mobile communication device 180 shows the user 162 the current one Face value of banknote 100.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a mobile portable communication device 180.
- the mobile portable communication device 180 is, for example, a smartphone.
- payment is processed with the mobile portable communication device 180 using a server 170.
- the mobile portable communication device 180 serves, for example, as a PoS for shopping over the Internet using the server 170.
- the server 170 receives a public cryptographic Key of a blockchain address or a blockchain address that the server 170 uses as the payee for receiving payments via the blockchain 148.
- the server 170 sends a payment request to the mobile communication device 180 for processing a payment.
- the server 170 is a service server and the payment is a payment for a payment provided by the service server and used by the user 162 taken service.
- the server 170 is a server belonging to a financial service provider which processes a payment for the user 162.
- the payment request includes, for example, an indication of the public cryptographic key or the blockchain address of the server 170 as the payee and an indication of the amount to be paid.
- the user 162 provides a bank note 100 for a cashless payment.
- the mobile communication device 180 reads a visual indication of a public cryptographic key of the banknote 100 or a blockchain address of the banknote 100 derived from the public cryptographic key.
- the mobile communication device 180 supplements the payment request received in step 362 and sends the supplemented one Payment request to the banknote 100.
- the mobile communication device 180 supplements the payment request with the block chain address of the banknote 100.
- the mobile communication device 180 could also read the serial number of the banknote 100 and send a request to the blockchain 148 or a register 148, which queries the blockchain address assigned to the corresponding serial number. If the blockchain 148 or the register 150 includes an entry which assigns a blockchain address of the banknote 100 to the serial number of the banknote 100, the mobile communication device 180 receives in response to the request ask, for example, the blockchain address of banknote 100 or a public key of banknote 100, from which the blockchain address can be derived.
- the banknote 100 creates a transaction release, signs the transaction release with the private cryptographic key of the banknote 100 and sends it to the mobile communication device 180.
- the transaction release includes, for example, the blockchain address of the banknote 100, the blockchain address of the payee, ie the server 170 , and the amount to be paid.
- the signature also includes, for example, a time stamp.
- the mobile communication device 180 forwards the signed transaction release to the server 170, which forwards the signed transaction release to the register 150 in step 374.
- the register 150 is, for example, a register which is updated at regular intervals and which each includes a current nominal value for the blockchain addresses of the blockchain 148.
- the current nominal values are calculated from the balance sheets of the transactions stored in the blockchain 148 for the corresponding blockchain addresses.
- the register 150 provides, for example, a "fast blockchain" in which the precalculated balance sheet results for the blockchain addresses are made available as current nominal values of the corresponding blockchain addresses Register 150.
- register 150 or the server / virtual machine on which register 150 is administered checks the transaction authorized by banknote 100. For example, register 150 checks whether the current nominal value of banknote 100 is correct Payment of the amount to be paid using the blockchain 148 is sufficient.
- the register 150 checks whether the current nominal value of the bank note 100 is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid. For example, the register 150 checks whether the current nominal value includes an additional nominal value component which is sufficient to pay the amount to be paid, ie that the guaranteed minimum nominal value remains after the amount to be paid has been paid. Furthermore, the register 150 or the server / the virtual machine on which the register 150 is administered, for example, checks the signature of the transaction approval. It is also checked, for example, that an identical transaction, e.g. with an identical time stamp of the transaction approval, has not already been entered in the blockchain. If the check is successful, the register 150 sends a transaction confirmation, which confirms a positive check of the signed transaction release, to the server 170.
- the register 150 or the server / virtual machine on which the register 150 manages the signed transaction approval is passed on to the blockchain 148 for entry in step 378.
- the server on which the register 150 is administered can enter the transaction for a positive check of the signed transaction release and the entry to other servers of a blockchain network.
- the server 170 forwards the transaction confirmation to the mobile communication device 180.
- the mobile communication device 180 confirms the payment to the user 164. For example, the payment is confirmed in step 382 only on condition that the amount to be paid is less than a threshold value. If the amount to be paid is greater than or equal to the threshold value, a confirmation of entry must also be received to confirm the payment, which confirms the actual entry of the transaction in the blockchain.
- step 384 the server 170 receives a registration confirmation from the blockchain 148 or a blockchain server managing the blockchain 148 after the transaction has been entered in the blockchain 148.
- step 386 the server 170 forwards the registration confirmation to the mobile communication device 180. If the amount to be paid is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the payment is not confirmed to the user 164 until step 388.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for replacing a bank note 100.
- the user 162 provides the central bank 220 with a damaged bank note 100.
- the central bank 220 checks the security features of the damaged bank note 100 to determine whether the damaged bank note 100 is a valid bank note 100 that has been damaged. Furthermore, the central bank 220 checks, for example, whether more than 50% of the present bank note 100 is undamaged. If the check by the central bank 220 shows that the damaged bank note is a valid bank note, the central bank 220 reads in step 394 a visual indication of a public cryptographic key of the bank note 100 or a block chain address derived from the public cryptographic key of banknote 100.
- the central bank 220 could also read the serial number of banknote 100.
- the central bank 220 sends a request for the current nominal value, which is assigned to the blockchain address of the banknote 100, to the register 150.
- a request could also be sent to the block chain or a server managing the blockchain.
- the request includes, for example, the public cryptographic key of the bank note 100, from which the blockchain address of the bank note 100 can be derived.
- the request to identify banknote 100 includes the blockchain address of banknote 100.
- the request includes the serial number of banknote 100 if blockchain 148 or register 150 includes an entry that assigns a blockchain address of banknote 100 to the serial number of banknote 100 .
- the register 150 or the blockchain 148 or the register 150 or the blockchain 148 manage the server in response to the request to send the current nominal value to the central bank 220.
- the central bank 220 pays out the current face value of the damaged bank note 100.
- paying out the current nominal value of the damaged bank note 100 includes providing one or more bank notes as a replacement for the damaged bank note 100, the total of the current nominal values of which correspond to the current nominal value of the damaged bank note 100.
- the one or more bank notes as a replacement for the damaged bank note 100 are bank notes according to one of the previously described embodiments.
- paying out the current nominal value of the damaged banknote 100 includes entering a transaction for an amount equal to the current nominal value from a blockchain address of the central bank 220 issuing the damaged banknote to a blockchain address specified by an owner of the damaged banknote 100.
- the specified blockchain address is assigned to another bank note belonging to the owner, ie the owner, of the damaged bank notes 100, to the owner of the damaged bank note personally or to another institution selected by the owner of the damaged bank notes.
- the central bank 220 sends a blocking entry to the blockchain 148.
- the blockchain address of the damaged banknote 100 is blocked.
- a check is made as to whether there is a lock entry for the starting address or the target address of the transaction. If the source address or the destination address of the transaction are blocked, the entry will be refused, for example. Otherwise the entry is made, for example.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for using a bank note.
- the bank note comprises, for example, a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a bank note-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair of the bank note is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetric key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address blockchain, which is managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the processor is configured to execute a payment method with the bank note using the program instructions.
- the banknote receives a payment request for a payment in the form of a transaction for an amount to be paid from the blockchain address of the banknote to a blockchain address of a payee.
- the payment request specifies the amount to be paid and the blockchain address of the payee.
- a transaction release is signed with the private cryptographic key of the bank note.
- the transaction approval includes the blockchain address of the banknote, the blockchain address of the payee and the amount to be paid.
- the signature also includes a time stamp.
- the signed transaction release is sent.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for issuing a bank note.
- the bill is produced.
- the bank note comprises a visual indication of a serial number of the bank note which uniquely identifies the bank note from a predefined range of serial numbers and an initial nominal value of the bank note.
- the bank note further comprises a security element with a processor and a memory.
- the banknote generates a banknote-specific asymmetrical key pair with a private and a public cryptographic key.
- the bank note stores the generated bank note-specific asymmetric key pair in the memory.
- the private cryptographic key is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the bank note outputs the generated public cryptographic key in order to initialize a bank note-individual blockchain address derived from the public cryptographic key by a central bank issuing the bank note in a block chain.
- the blockchain address of the banknote is assigned the initial nominal value in the course of initialization.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a terminal.
- Payment is made with a banknote which, for example, includes a visual indication of an identifier that uniquely identifies a blockchain address of the banknote.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a banknote-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the banknote is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetrical key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address which is administered by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the identifier of the blockchain address of the banknote is also stored in the memory.
- the identifier is, for example, the serial number of the banknote, the public cryptographic key of the banknote, or the blockchain address of the banknote itself.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communicating with the banknote.
- the terminal detects the identifier of the banknote's blockchain address, which uniquely identifies the banknote's blockchain address.
- the detected identifier is, for example, the serial number of the banknote, the public cryptographic key of the banknote, or the blockchain address of the banknote itself.
- the detection can comprise an optical detection of a visual indication of the identifier with an optical sensor and / or a reading out of the identifier stored in the memory via the communication interface of the bank note.
- the terminal sends a blockchain query for the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote, which is identified by the detected identifier.
- the terminal receives the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the terminal checks whether the current nominal value received is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid. If the current nominal value is not greater than or equal to the amount to be paid, ie the check is unsuccessful, the method continues with block 528. In block 528 the method is terminated. If the current nominal value is greater than or equal to the amount to be paid, ie the check is successful, the method continues with block 530. In block 530, the terminal sends a payment request to the banknote in the form of a transaction for an amount to be paid from the blockchain address of the banknote to a blockchain address of a payee. The payment request indicates the amount to be paid and the blockchain address of the payee. At block 532, the terminal receives a signed transaction release from the bank note.
- the transaction release is signed with a private cryptographic key of the banknote.
- the transaction approval includes the blockchain address of the banknote, the blockchain address of the payee and the amount to be paid.
- the signature also includes a time stamp, for example.
- the terminal forwards the signed transaction release of the banknote to a blockchain server in the blockchain for checking and entering the transaction in the blockchain.
- the terminal receives a transaction confirmation upon successful checking of the signed transaction approval.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for processing payments with a plurality of bank notes.
- a plurality of banknotes are received.
- the identifiers of the blockchain addresses of the received banknotes are recorded, ie for example the serial numbers, public cryptographic keys and / or blockchain addresses of the corresponding banknotes.
- a current nominal value is determined for each of the detected identifiers, which is stored under the corresponding blockchain address. A blockchain query for the corresponding nominal value is used for this.
- a set of bank notes is selected from the plurality of received bank notes and retained, the summed up current nominal values of which result in an amount that is less than an amount to be paid.
- a remaining difference amount between the amount to be paid and the summed up amount of the set of selected banknotes is smaller than a current nominal value of another banknote of the plurality of banknotes which is not included in the set of selected banknotes.
- a payment request for payment of the difference is sent to the further bank note.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for determining a current nominal value.
- the banknote includes a visual indication of an identifier that uniquely identifies the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the bank note comprises a communication interface for communication with the terminal and a security element with a processor and a memory.
- a banknote-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetric key pair of the banknote is stored in a protected storage area of the memory.
- the asymmetrical key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address blockchain, which is managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the identifier is, for example, the serial number, the public cryptographic key and / or the blockchain address of the banknote.
- the terminal comprises a processor, a memory and a communication interface for communication with the bank note.
- the terminal detects an identifier of the banknote's blockchain address, which uniquely identifies the banknote's blockchain address.
- the identified identifier is, for example, the serial number of the banknote, the public cryptographic key of the banknote, or the blockchain address of the banknote itself.
- the terminal creates and sends a blockchain query for the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote, which the recorded identifier is identified.
- the terminal receives the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the banknote.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary method for replacing a bank note.
- the bank note includes, for example, a visual indication of an identifier of a blockchain address of the bank note.
- the bank note includes the visual indication of the identifier, for example distributed several times over the bank note.
- the bank note also comprises a plurality of security features which are arranged distributed over the bank note.
- the bank note comprises a security element with a processor and a memory with program instructions.
- a bank note-specific private cryptographic key of an asymmetrical key pair of the bank note is stored in a protected memory area of the memory.
- the asymmetric key pair is assigned to a banknote-specific blockchain address in a blockchain, which is managed by a central bank that issues the banknote.
- the banknote is damaged.
- a degree of damage to the bank note is determined.
- the detected identifier is, for example, the serial number of the damaged bank note, the public cryptographic key of the damaged bank note, or the blockchain address of the damaged bank note itself.
- a blocking of the blockchain address of the damaged bank note is initialized using the detected identifier.
- a blockchain query is sent for the current nominal value of the blockchain address of the damaged banknote.
- the current nominal value of the corresponding blockchain address is received and paid out in block 574. In this case, step 568 can take place before step 570 or after step 572, for example.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA3181297A CA3181297A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Blockchain supported banknote |
EP21751498.3A EP4162646A2 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Blockchain gestützte banknote |
MX2022015372A MX2022015372A (es) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Billete bancario respaldado por cadena de bloques. |
AU2021283713A AU2021283713A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Blockchain supported banknote |
US18/000,580 US20230214830A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Blockchain supported banknote |
BR112022024724A BR112022024724A2 (pt) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | Nota bancária, método para emitir uma nota bancária, método para usar uma nota bancária, método para processar um pagamento usando um terminal, método para determinar um valor nominal atual de uma nota bancária, método para substituir uma nota bancária |
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DE102020115035.0A DE102020115035A1 (de) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Blockchain gestützte Banknote |
DE102020115035.0 | 2020-06-05 |
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WO2021245244A2 true WO2021245244A2 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
WO2021245244A3 WO2021245244A3 (de) | 2022-01-27 |
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US (1) | US20230214830A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4162646A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2021283713A1 (de) |
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CA (1) | CA3181297A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020115035A1 (de) |
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Cited By (2)
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EP4064606A1 (de) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-28 | Bundesdruckerei GmbH | Seriennummernspezifische blockchain-stützung für mobile tragbare endgeräte |
US20240020703A1 (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-18 | Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd | Avoiding irreversible ledger transactions having an incorrect address |
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RU2322695C2 (ru) | 2001-12-21 | 2008-04-20 | Гизеке Унд Девриент Гмбх | Листовой материал, а также устройства и способы изготовления и обработки такого листового материала |
KR100896342B1 (ko) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-05-07 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Rfid 태그가 내장된 화폐, rfid 태그가 내장된화폐의 암호화 방법, rfid 태그가 내장된 화폐의위변조 검증 방법, rfid 태그가 내장된 화폐의 사용자추적 방법 및 이를 기록한 기록매체 |
US20130166455A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Douglas Feigelson | Creating and using digital currency |
CZ307164B6 (cs) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-02-14 | Petr Sobotka | Způsob přenosu šifrovacích klíčů digitální měny na základě postupu vystavování, ověřování a znehodnocování fyzického nosiče s vícefaktorovou autorizací a fyzický nosič šifrovacích klíčů pro digitální měnu k provádění tohoto způsobu |
US20170293899A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-12 | Digicash Pty Ltd. | Digital value token processing systems and methods having improved security and scalability |
US10540654B1 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2020-01-21 | Winklevoss Ip, Llc | System, method and program product for generating and utilizing stable value digital assets |
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2020
- 2020-06-05 DE DE102020115035.0A patent/DE102020115035A1/de active Pending
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- 2021-06-04 EP EP21751498.3A patent/EP4162646A2/de active Pending
- 2021-06-04 US US18/000,580 patent/US20230214830A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 AU AU2021283713A patent/AU2021283713A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 BR BR112022024724A patent/BR112022024724A2/pt unknown
- 2021-06-04 WO PCT/EP2021/065025 patent/WO2021245244A2/de active Application Filing
- 2021-06-04 CA CA3181297A patent/CA3181297A1/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP4064606A1 (de) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-28 | Bundesdruckerei GmbH | Seriennummernspezifische blockchain-stützung für mobile tragbare endgeräte |
US20240020703A1 (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-18 | Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd | Avoiding irreversible ledger transactions having an incorrect address |
Also Published As
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WO2021245244A3 (de) | 2022-01-27 |
AU2021283713A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
BR112022024724A2 (pt) | 2023-02-28 |
CA3181297A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
MX2022015372A (es) | 2023-05-19 |
EP4162646A2 (de) | 2023-04-12 |
DE102020115035A1 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
US20230214830A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
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