WO2021238355A1 - 一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021238355A1
WO2021238355A1 PCT/CN2021/081475 CN2021081475W WO2021238355A1 WO 2021238355 A1 WO2021238355 A1 WO 2021238355A1 CN 2021081475 W CN2021081475 W CN 2021081475W WO 2021238355 A1 WO2021238355 A1 WO 2021238355A1
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indoor
field
environmental
purification
current
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French (fr)
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林波荣
周浩
张仲宸
孙弘历
刘荔
余娟
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清华大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/80—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics, e.g. flu
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment

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  • the present invention relates to the field of virus transmission monitoring, traceability and early warning regulation, in particular to a system and method for monitoring, tracing and early warning regulation of virus transmission in buildings.
  • the method for the user to set the control target has a single target parameter, and the optimization target is unreasonable.
  • Physical quantities such as temperature and carbon dioxide concentration are often used as control parameters of HVAC equipment. Although these parameters can be easily obtained and quickly responded to by the equipment, it is difficult to reflect the exposure risk under the virus transmission environment, and it is difficult for users to select the optimal control target. As a result, it is difficult for indoor environmental control to meet epidemic prevention and control goals.
  • the indoor environment monitoring method is single.
  • the current control considers the entire room according to the lumped parameter method, ignoring the field distribution in the space and the transmission route of pollutants.
  • the source and transmission route have an important impact on the exposure risk of the virus.
  • Traditional monitoring methods are used in each In the control unit, a measuring point measures indoor environmental parameters. This monitoring method is difficult to determine the source's movement trajectory and the pollutant transmission route, and it is difficult to carry out targeted control.
  • monitoring and control ignore the local area and may underestimate the exposure risk.
  • Another disadvantage of using the lumped parameter method for monitoring and control is that the measurement point position parameter is used as the parameter of the entire control unit, which may underestimate the concentration of pollutants in the space near the source and the space difficult to reach for ventilation and purification, thereby underestimating the exposure risk. It is difficult to carry out targeted control.
  • viruses aerosol-transmitted viruses
  • the present invention provides a system and method for monitoring, tracing, and early warning of virus transmission in buildings.
  • the target parameters are difficult to reflect the risk of virus transmission, and the indoor environment control is difficult to meet the epidemic prevention and control goals;
  • the indoor environment monitoring method is single, it is difficult to judge the movement trajectory of the virus source and the pollutant transmission route;
  • the lumped parameter method is used for monitoring What is obtained from the control is the parameters of the entire control unit, ignoring the local environment, thereby underestimating the defects of the virus exposure risk.
  • it adopts the new technology that combines the environmental monitoring in the building and the identification of human health characteristics to realize the spread of the virus in the building. Monitoring, traceability, early warning and regulation.
  • the present invention mainly aims at aerosol-transmitted viruses in buildings, and monitors, traces the source, and early-warning control of their transmission.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: to provide a monitoring, traceability, and early warning control system for virus transmission in buildings, including an environmental monitoring system, a virus traceability system, an environmental diagnosis and early warning system, and a ventilation purification linkage control system;
  • the environmental monitoring system includes an environmental static monitoring system and a dynamic monitoring system;
  • the environmental static monitoring system is used to monitor the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building; the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity and pollutant concentration;
  • the dynamic monitoring system is used to monitor human physiological indicators, human dynamic indicators, and indoor object surface temperature field distribution;
  • the human dynamic indicators include droplet propagation trajectories and human movement trajectories;
  • the virus traceability system is used to identify and judge the suspected infected person based on the acquired physiological indicators of the human body, and obtain the identification and judgment result; when the identification and judgment result is the suspected infection, the said Analyze the droplet transmission trajectory and the movement trajectory of the person to obtain the analysis result, determine close contacts according to the analysis result, and take countermeasures to the close contact and the suspected infected person;
  • the environmental diagnosis and early warning system is used to establish a current indoor environmental field, correct the current indoor environmental field according to the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, obtain the current corrected indoor environmental field, and combine the historical corrected indoor environmental field with the suspected infection
  • the droplet propagation trajectory of the person and the movement trajectory of the person are assessed for the propagation risk, and the result of the propagation risk assessment is obtained, and a high-risk early warning is carried out according to the result of the propagation risk assessment; Before the environmental field, the revised indoor environmental field;
  • the ventilation purification linkage control system is used to perform ventilation purification linkage control according to the identification judgment result, the analysis result, and the propagation risk assessment result.
  • the static environmental monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pollutant concentration measurement sensor; the dynamic monitoring system includes an infrared camera.
  • the environmental diagnosis and early warning system includes an indoor environmental field establishment module, an indoor environmental field correction module, and a propagation risk assessment module;
  • the indoor environment field establishment module is used to use building environment simulation software to simulate the distribution of indoor environment parameters to establish the current indoor environment field;
  • the indoor environmental field correction module Based on the indoor environmental parameters obtained by the environmental static monitoring system, the current indoor environmental field is corrected in combination with the surface temperature field distribution of the object to obtain the current correction Rear indoor environmental field;
  • the transmission risk assessment module is configured to calculate an indoor virus occurrence based on the current corrected indoor environmental field, the historical corrected indoor environmental field, and the droplet transmission trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person. The probability of transmission of infection, the greater the probability of infection, the greater the risk of transmission, and the assessment of the risk of transmission is realized.
  • the indoor environment field establishment module is used to use building environment simulation software to simulate the distribution of indoor environment parameters to establish the current indoor environment field; specifically including:
  • the current indoor environment field includes a temperature and humidity field , Pollutant concentration field and air flow organization.
  • the ventilation and purification linkage control system includes an overall control system and a local control system;
  • the overall control system is used to perform overall optimization control based on the propagation risk assessment result to realize the overall ventilation and purification of the building;
  • the local control system is used to perform local ventilation and purification of the area where the concentration of the pollutant in the indoor environmental field after the current correction is higher than a set threshold; for the area where the suspected infected person is located and the close contact person Local purification, dilution and ventilation are carried out in the area to achieve local purification treatment at the source.
  • the monitoring, traceability, and early warning control system for virus transmission in buildings further includes a ventilation purification effect evaluation system for evaluating the ventilation purification effect of the ventilation purification linkage control system; specifically including:
  • an environmental field-time function is established to calculate the decay rate of the pollutant concentration, according to the decay rate of the pollutant concentration and the current pollutant concentration Evaluate the effect of ventilation and purification.
  • the present invention also provides a monitoring, tracing and early warning regulation method for virus transmission in buildings, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, the environmental parameters including temperature, humidity and pollutant concentration;
  • human physiological indicators include droplet propagation trajectories and human movement trajectories;
  • Step 2 Perform identification and judgment of the suspected infected person according to the obtained human physiological indicators, and obtain the identification and judgment result; when the identification and judgment result is the suspected infected person, check the droplet transmission trajectory of the suspected infected person and Analyzing the movement trajectory of the person to obtain an analysis result, determine close contacts according to the analysis result, and take countermeasures to the close contacts and the suspected infected person;
  • Step 3 Establish the current indoor environmental field, modify the current indoor environmental field according to the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, obtain the current modified indoor environmental field, combine the historical modified indoor environmental field and the droplets of the suspected infected person
  • the transmission trajectory and the movement trajectory of the people are evaluated for transmission risk, and the transmission risk evaluation result is obtained, and a high-risk early warning is performed according to the transmission risk evaluation result;
  • Step 4 Perform linkage control of ventilation and purification according to the identification and judgment result, the analysis result, and the propagation risk assessment result;
  • Step 5 Evaluate the effect of linkage control of ventilation and purification.
  • the current indoor environmental field is corrected according to the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, and the transmission risk assessment is performed in combination with the historically corrected indoor environmental field and the droplet propagation trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person.
  • the communication risk assessment results including:
  • the current indoor environment field includes a temperature and humidity field , Pollutant concentration field and airflow organization;
  • the current modified indoor environment field the historical modified indoor environment field, the droplet propagation trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person, the infection probability of virus transmission occurring indoors is calculated, and the infection probability The larger the spread risk, the greater the spread risk assessment.
  • performing linkage control of ventilation and purification according to the identification and judgment result, the analysis result, and the propagation risk assessment result specifically includes:
  • Local control perform local ventilation and purification in the area where the pollutant concentration in the indoor environmental field after the current correction is higher than the set threshold; perform local purification in the area where the suspected infected person is located and the area where the close contact person is located , Dilution and ventilation to achieve local purification treatment for the source.
  • the evaluation of the ventilation and purification linkage control effect specifically includes:
  • an environmental field-time function is established to calculate the decay rate of the pollutant concentration, according to the decay rate of the pollutant concentration and the current pollutant concentration Evaluate the effect of ventilation and purification.
  • the present invention provides a monitoring, traceability and early warning control system and method for virus transmission in buildings, which can monitor indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of buildings in real time, and obtain physiological indicators of the human body to judge the human body in real time. Health status and acquisition of the movement trajectory of each person and droplet transmission trajectory, timely and accurate identification of suspected infected persons and their close contacts, and timely response measures to suspected infected persons and close contacts. In addition, it can also evaluate the current indoor environment transmission risk, perform overall ventilation and purification of the indoor environment based on the results of the transmission risk assessment, and perform local ventilation and purification in the area where the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment after the current correction is higher than the set threshold.
  • the present invention combines building indoor environmental parameters, human health characteristics, and virus transmission risk assessment. It can not only accurately determine the state of the building indoor environment, but also accurately identify suspected infected persons and their close contacts in real time. Environmental health effects and the status of suspected infected persons shall be treated with overall indoor ventilation and purification and partial purification.
  • FIG. 1 is a system structure diagram of a monitoring, tracing and early warning control system for virus transmission in a building provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a system schematic diagram of a system for monitoring, tracing, and early warning and control of virus transmission in buildings provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a method flowchart of a method for monitoring, tracing the source, and early warning and regulation of virus transmission in a building provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for monitoring, tracing, and early warning of virus transmission in buildings, which overcomes the control target of the environmental threshold set by the user in the prior art, and when considering the indoor environment according to the lumped parameter method, the target It is difficult for parameters to reflect the risk of virus transmission, and it is difficult for indoor environmental control to meet epidemic prevention and control goals; indoor environmental monitoring methods are single, and it is difficult to judge the movement trajectory of the virus source and the transmission route of pollutants; the use of lumped parameter method to monitor and control is the whole The parameters of the control unit ignore the local environment, thereby underestimating the flaws of virus exposure risks. At the same time, it adopts new technologies that combine building environmental monitoring and identification of human health characteristics to realize the monitoring, traceability, and early warning and control of virus transmission in buildings .
  • a system for monitoring, tracing, and early warning and control of virus transmission in buildings includes an environmental monitoring system, a virus traceability system, an environmental diagnosis and early warning system, and a ventilation and purification linkage control system;
  • the environmental monitoring system includes the environment Static monitoring system and dynamic monitoring system;
  • the environmental static monitoring system is used to monitor the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building
  • the environmental parameters include but are not limited to temperature, humidity and pollutant concentration
  • Environmental static monitoring systems include but are not limited to temperature sensors, humidity sensors and pollutant concentration measurement sensors;
  • Pollutant concentration measurement sensors include but are not limited to CO2, PM2.5, formaldehyde and TVOC measurement sensors. At the same time, the pollutant concentration specifically includes but not limited to CO2 concentration, PM2.5 concentration, formaldehyde concentration and TVOC concentration;
  • the static environmental monitoring system needs to be installed inside and outside the building at the same time, to be able to monitor various indoor and outdoor environmental real-time parameters, making the monitored environmental parameters more comprehensive.
  • the dynamic monitoring system is used to monitor human physiological indicators, human dynamic indicators, and indoor object surface temperature field distribution;
  • the human dynamic indicators include droplet propagation trajectories and human movement trajectories;
  • human physiological indicators can be the surface temperature of the human body or any physiological characteristics of the human body, which is not specifically limited here; and the dynamic indicators of the human body also include but are not limited to the droplet propagation trajectory and the human movement trajectory;
  • the dynamic monitoring system includes an infrared camera; and in order to flexibly monitor human physiological indicators, human dynamic indicators, and indoor object surface temperature field distribution, the dynamic monitoring system can also use other high-precision cameras, as long as it can meet the monitoring requirements, any with similar functions
  • the devices are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the virus traceability system is used to identify and judge the suspected infected person based on the acquired physiological indicators of the human body, and obtain the identification and judgment result; when the identification and judgment result is the suspected infection, the said Analyze the droplet transmission trajectory and the movement trajectory of the person to obtain the analysis result, determine close contacts according to the analysis result, and take countermeasures to the close contact and the suspected infected person;
  • the physiological index of the human body is the basic temperature of the human body and the dynamic monitoring system is an infrared camera as an example.
  • This person is a suspected infected person.
  • People who are within a certain range of the movement track are determined to be close contacts. At this time, it is necessary to take timely response measures to suspected infected and close contacts, such as isolation observation or hospitalization.
  • the dynamic monitoring system to monitor the physiological indicators, movement trajectory and droplet transmission trajectory of personnel in real time, it can identify suspected infected persons and their close contacts in a timely, reliable and accurate manner, and at the same time, take corresponding measures to effectively prevent the virus from continuing to spread. Spread in indoor crowds.
  • the infrared camera is different from the infrared imager. It can continuously shoot infrared images.
  • the computer vision technology can determine the relative positional relationship and physical similarity of the person recognition between two adjacent frames, and separate the positions of the persons after overlapping.
  • the problem has also been technically realized. Therefore, the video obtained by the infrared camera can determine the movement trajectory of different people. At the same time, since the target is a suspected infected person, the accuracy of the obtained motion trajectory recognition results will be further improved without considering the trajectories of other people.
  • the identification and response of suspected infected persons includes two parts, namely, identification of suspected infected persons due to high body temperature and identification of their movement trajectories in the building so that management personnel can quickly locate and take countermeasures against them. Among them, movement trajectory The identification result does not have a direct impact on the identification and judgment of the infected person, but is reflected in the response measures taken to the suspected infected person.
  • the environmental diagnosis and early warning system is used to establish a current indoor environmental field, correct the current indoor environmental field according to the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, obtain the current corrected indoor environmental field, and combine the historical corrected indoor environmental field with the
  • the droplet transmission trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person are evaluated for transmission risk, and the transmission risk evaluation result is obtained, and a high-risk warning is carried out according to the transmission risk evaluation result;
  • the environmental diagnosis and early warning system includes an indoor environmental field establishment module, an indoor environmental field correction module, and a propagation risk assessment module;
  • the indoor environment field establishment module is used to use building environment simulation software to simulate the distribution of indoor environment parameters to establish the current indoor environment field;
  • Airflow organization mainly refers to the air flow field distribution in the room, and its acquisition method is mainly obtained by cloud simulation, that is, by inputting the room model, wind state parameters, wind speed and air volume and other information, it is obtained by computational fluid dynamics.
  • the air outlet state parameters include temperature, relative humidity, etc.
  • the air outlet parameters of the purifier also include parameters such as PM2.5 concentration; among these state parameters, temperature has a significant influence on airflow organization.
  • the acquisition of airflow organization is mainly based on the monitored temperature, air volume and wind speed as boundary conditions, and computational fluid dynamics is used for cloud simulation under the framework of the room model.
  • the indoor environmental field correction module Based on the indoor environmental parameters obtained by the environmental static monitoring system, the current indoor environmental field is corrected in combination with the surface temperature field distribution of the object to obtain the current correction Rear indoor environmental field;
  • the relative value of its numerical relationship has certain reliability, but the absolute value may deviate from the real result. Therefore, it needs to be corrected, except for the correction basis given above.
  • the location of the monitoring point is limited by the number of sensors, it often can only arrange one or a limited number of devices in the same space, which cannot accurately reflect the environmental field conditions, but because the test results are accurate and reliable, it is used to simulate the environmental field Correction of results.
  • the transmission risk assessment module is configured to calculate an indoor virus occurrence based on the current corrected indoor environmental field, the historical corrected indoor environmental field, and the droplet transmission trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person. The probability of transmission of infection, the greater the probability of infection, the greater the risk of transmission, and the assessment of the risk of transmission is realized.
  • the risk assessment can be carried out by including but not limited to the Wells-Riley model and the pollutant transmission risk model based on the dilution ratio to calculate the infection probability of virus transmission in the room. The greater the infection probability, the greater the transmission risk.
  • the ventilation and purification linkage control system is configured to perform ventilation and purification linkage control according to the identification and judgment result, the analysis result, and the propagation risk assessment result;
  • the ventilation and purification linkage control system includes an overall control system and a local control system;
  • the overall control system is used to perform overall optimization control on the basis of the propagation risk assessment result, so as to realize the overall ventilation and purification of the building;
  • the local control system is used to perform local ventilation and purification of the area where the concentration of the pollutant in the indoor environmental field after the current correction is higher than a set threshold; for the area where the suspected infected person is located and the close contact person Perform local purification, dilution and ventilation in the area to achieve local purification treatment at the source;
  • the concentration of pollutants in a local area may be higher than the set threshold, so that the local area is in a state of high pollution, so high pollution local purification is required; in addition, because of suspected infections and close contacts It may be the source of the spread of the virus, so it is also necessary to perform local purification at the source and adopt a rapid dilution ventilation strategy for its location.
  • the system can also design a ventilation purification effect evaluation system to evaluate the ventilation purification effect of the ventilation purification linkage control system; specifically including:
  • an environmental field-time function (such as establishing a time series of parameters such as CO2 and PM2.5) is established to calculate the attenuation rate of the pollutant concentration, according to the The decay rate of the pollutant concentration and the current pollutant concentration are used to evaluate the ventilation purification effect.
  • the ventilation purification effect can also be evaluated by the number of air changes. It should be noted that the aforementioned ventilation purification evaluation parameters do not have a limiting effect on the present invention.
  • abnormal state detection can also be performed on the current corrected indoor environmental field. Therefore, an abnormal state detection module can also be included in the environmental diagnosis and early warning system.
  • the abnormal state detection mainly includes outlier detection and high concentration detection. Among them, the outlier detection is mainly for the situation where the local space environmental parameters are too different from other spaces due to unreasonable airflow organization or unreasonable ventilation and purification strategies; high concentration detection is for the deviation of some parameters in the local space or the overall space The condition of the control area will cause harm to the comfort and health of personnel.
  • outlier detection if the local space is located in the personnel activity area and the environmental parameter outlier is not conducive to the health of the personnel, an alarm and local ventilation and purification measures shall be added; if the local space is not located in the personnel activity area and the environmental parameters are out of range If the group is not conducive to the health of the personnel, only the alarm will be reported and the manager will add local ventilation and purification measures as needed; if the local space is located in the comfort zone of the personnel and the environmental parameters are out of the group to be beneficial to the health of the personnel, no ventilation and purification treatment will be performed.
  • the system not only monitors the indoor environment parameters of the building in real time, but also recognizes and judges the characteristics of human health in real time, and recognizes suspected infected persons and their close contacts in real time and accurately, so that the environmental monitoring methods are more comprehensive.
  • the assessment of the risk of virus transmission is more accurate.
  • the overall indoor ventilation and purification and partial purification treatment are carried out to effectively prevent the rapid spread of the virus in the indoor population and endanger people's health.
  • a method for monitoring, tracing, and early warning of virus transmission in buildings includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Obtain indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, where the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity and pollutant concentration;
  • human physiological indicators include droplet propagation trajectories and human movement trajectories;
  • Step S2 Perform identification and judgment of the suspected infected person according to the obtained physiological indicators of the human body, and obtain the identification judgment result; Analyzing the movement trajectory of the person to obtain an analysis result, determine close contacts according to the analysis result, and take countermeasures to the close contacts and the suspected infected person;
  • Step S3 Establish a current indoor environmental field, modify the current indoor environmental field according to the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building, obtain the current modified indoor environmental field, and combine the historical modified indoor environmental field with the said suspected infected person
  • the droplet propagation trajectory and the movement trajectory of the personnel are evaluated for the propagation risk, and the result of the propagation risk assessment is obtained, and a high-risk warning is carried out according to the result of the propagation risk assessment; Before, the revised indoor environment field;
  • Step S301 Establish a physical model of the building, combine the real-time operating status of the building environment control equipment and the real-time positioning information of the personnel, and use the building environment simulation software to simulate the current indoor environment parameter distribution to establish the current indoor environment field;
  • the current indoor environment field includes Temperature and humidity field, pollutant concentration field and air flow organization;
  • Step S302 Correct the established current indoor environmental field based on the acquired indoor environmental parameters in combination with the surface temperature field distribution of the indoor object to obtain the current corrected indoor environmental field;
  • Step S303 Calculate the infection probability of virus transmission in the room according to the current corrected indoor environmental field, the historically corrected indoor environmental field, and the droplet propagation trajectory of the suspected infected person and the movement trajectory of the person. The greater the probability of infection, the greater the risk of transmission, and the assessment of the risk of transmission will be realized.
  • Step S4 Perform linkage control of ventilation and purification according to the identification and judgment result, the analysis result and the propagation risk assessment result; specifically including:
  • Local control perform local ventilation and purification in the area where the pollutant concentration in the indoor environmental field after the current correction is higher than the set threshold; perform local purification in the area where the suspected infected person is located and the area where the close contact person is located , Dilution and ventilation to achieve local purification treatment for the source.
  • Step S5 Evaluate the effect of ventilation and purification linkage control; specifically including:
  • an environmental field-time function is established to calculate the decay rate of the pollutant concentration, according to the size of the decay rate of the pollutant concentration and the current pollutant concentration The size evaluates the effect of ventilation and purification.
  • the method can not only monitor the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the building in real time, but also obtain the physiological indicators of the human body in real time to determine the health status of the human body, and obtain the movement trajectory of each person and the droplet transmission trajectory, and identify the suspected infected person in a timely and accurate manner. And their close contacts, and promptly take response measures to suspected infected and close contacts.
  • the current indoor environment transmission risk can also be assessed, so that reliable ventilation and purification measures can be taken for the indoor environment to minimize the risk of virus transmission and ensure the health and safety of personnel.

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Abstract

一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法，能够实时的监测建筑室内外环境参数，实时获取人体生理指标判断人体健康状态以及获取各人员移动轨迹和飞沫传播轨迹，从而及时、准确的识别出疑似感染者及其密切接触者，同时对疑似感染者和密切接触者采取应对措施。另外，还能够对当前室内环境传播风险进行评估，根据传播风险评估结果对室内环境进行通风净化，对疑似感染者和密切接触者局部区域进行有效的通风净化，降低传播风险。将建筑室内环境参数、人体健康特征与病毒传播风险评估相结合，既能准确的判断建筑室内环境状态，也能实时识别疑似感染者及其密切接触者，实现对室内环境进行整体通风净化以及局部净化处理。

Description

一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法
本申请要求于2020年05月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010460230.1、发明名称为“一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及病毒传播监测、溯源和预警调控领域，特别是涉及一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法。
背景技术
目前，建筑控制多以用户设定的环境阈值为控制目标，且按照集总参数法考量整个房间，随着新冠肺炎疫情的出现，这种用户设定、忽略局部环境参数的控制方法难以满足防疫控制目标。总体看存在如下问题：
第一，用户设定控制目标的方法目标参数单一，优化目标不合理。温度、二氧化碳浓度等物理量常作为暖通空调设备的控制参数，这些参数尽管能够简单获得并被设备快速响应，但难以反映病毒传播环境下的暴露风险，而用户也难以选定最优化控制目标，从而使得室内环境控制难以满足防疫控制目标。
第二，室内环境监测手段单一。当前控制按照集总参数法考量整个房间，忽略了空间内的场分布和污染物传播途径，而病毒传播环境下，源和传播途径对于病毒的暴露风险具有重要影响，传统监测手段是在每个控制单元中，由一个测点测量室内环境参数，此监测手段难以判断源的移动轨迹和污染物传播途径，从而难以进行针对性控制。
第三，监测和控制忽略局部，可能低估暴露风险。使用集总参数法进行监测和控制的另一个缺点在于以测点位置参数作为整个控制单元的参数，这可能会低估包括源附近空间和通风净化难以企及空间的污染物浓度，从而低估暴露风险，难以进行针对性控制。
在目前新冠疫情形势下，建筑物是密闭空间，且人员密度高，所以建筑物内的新冠病毒传播与防控是未来的一个重要工作，类似的气溶胶传播 的病毒有类似需求。因此，本发明主要研究气溶胶传播的病毒(以下统称病毒)，提出一种基于建筑物内环境监测和识别人体健康特性相结合的新技术，可以实现对建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源和预警调控。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点，本发明提供一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法，克服现有技术中以用户设定的环境阈值为控制目标，按照集总参数法考量室内环境时，目标参数难以反映病毒的传播风险，对室内环境控制难以满足防疫控制目标；室内环境监测手段单一，难以判断病毒源的移动轨迹和污染物传播途径；使用集总参数法进行监测和控制得到的是整个控制单元的参数，忽略局部环境，从而低估病毒的暴露风险的缺陷，同时采用了建筑物内环境监测和识别人体健康特性相结合的新技术，实现对建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源和预警调控。本发明主要针对的是建筑内气溶胶传播的病毒，对其传播进行监测、溯源和预警调控。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：提供了一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，包括环境监测系统、病毒溯源系统、环境诊断预警系统和通风净化联动控制系统；所述环境监测系统包括环境静态监测系统和动态监测系统；
所述环境静态监测系统，用于对建筑室内外的环境参数进行监测；所述环境参数包括温湿度和污染物浓度；
所述动态监测系统，用于对人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布进行监测；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
所述病毒溯源系统，用于根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
所述环境诊断预警系统，用于建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
所述通风净化联动控制系统，用于根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制。
可选的，所述环境静态监测系统包括温度传感器、湿度传感器和污染物浓度测量传感器；所述动态监测系统包括红外摄像机。
可选的，所述环境诊断预警系统包括室内环境场建立模块、室内环境场修正模块和传播风险评估模块；
所述室内环境场建立模块，用于利用建筑环境模拟软件，对室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；
所述室内环境场修正模块：以所述环境静态监测系统获得的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
所述传播风险评估模块，用于根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
可选的，室内环境场建立模块，用于利用建筑环境模拟软件，对室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；具体包括：
建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织。
可选的，所述通风净化联动控制系统包括整体控制系统和局部控制系统；
所述整体控制系统，用于以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
所述局部控制系统，用于对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理。
可选的，所述一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统还包括通风净化效果评估系统，用于评估所述通风净化联动控制系统的通风净化效果；具体包括：
通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
本发明还提供了一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：获取建筑室内外环境参数，所述环境参数包括温湿度和污染物浓度；
获取人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
步骤二：根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
步骤三：建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
步骤四：根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制；
步骤五：对通风净化联动控制效果进行评估。
可选的，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正当前室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，具体包括：
建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织；
以获取的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述室内物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
可选的，根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制，具体包括：
整体控制：以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
局部控制：对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理。
可选的，所述对通风净化联动控制效果进行评估，具体包括：
通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：本发明提供了一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法，能够实时的监测建筑室内外环境参数，实时获取人体生理指标判断人体健康状态以及获取各人员移动轨迹和飞沫传播轨迹，及时、准确的识别出疑似感染者及其密切接触者，并及时对疑似感染者和密切接触者采取应对措施。另外，还能够对当前室内环境传播风险进行评估，根据传播风险评估结果对室内环境进行整体通风净化，对当前修正后室内环境场中的污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化，对疑似感染者局部和密切接触者局部进行有效的通风净化，降低传播风险。除此之外，还能够对通风净化效果进行评估。综上，本发明将建筑室内环境参数、人体健康特征与病毒传播风险评估相结合，既能准确的判断建筑室内环境状态，也能实时、准确的识别疑似感染者及其密切接触者，基于室内环境健康效应和疑似感染者状态，进行室内整体通风净化以及局部净化处理。
说明书附图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明实施例1提供的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统的系统结构图；
图2为本发明实施例1提供的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统的系统原理图；
图3为本发明实施例2提供的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是提供一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统及方法，克服现有技术中以用户设定的环境阈值为控制目标，按照集总参数法考量室内环境时，目标参数难以反映病毒的传播风险，对室内环境控制难以满足防疫控制目标；室内环境监测手段单一，难以判断病毒源的移动轨迹和污染物传播途径；使用集总参数法进行监测和控制得到的是整个控制单元的参数，忽略局部环境，从而低估病毒的暴露风险的缺陷，同 时采用了建筑物内环境监测和识别人体健康特性相结合的新技术，实现对建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源和预警调控。
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1和2所示，一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，包括环境监测系统、病毒溯源系统、环境诊断预警系统和通风净化联动控制系统；所述环境监测系统包括环境静态监测系统和动态监测系统；
其中，所述环境静态监测系统，用于对建筑室内外的环境参数进行监测；
所述环境参数包括但不限于温湿度和污染物浓度；
环境静态监测系统包括但不限于温度传感器、湿度传感器和污染物浓度测量传感器；
污染物浓度测量传感器包括但不限于CO2、PM2.5、甲醛和TVOC测量传感器，与此同时，污染物浓度具体包括但不限于CO2浓度、PM2.5浓度、甲醛浓度和TVOC浓度；
另外，环境静态监测系统需要同时安装在建筑内部和外部，能够对室内外各项环境实时参数进行监测，使得监测的环境参数更加全面。
所述动态监测系统，用于对人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布进行监测；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
对于人体生理指标的选取，可以是人体表面温度，也可以是任何人体生理特征，在此不做任何具体限定；而对于人员动态指标，同样也是包括但不限于飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
所述动态监测系统包括红外摄像机；而为了灵活的监测人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布，动态监测系统还可以采用其他高精度摄像机，只要能够满足监测需求，任何具有类似功能的设备均在本发明的保护范围内。
所述病毒溯源系统，用于根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得 到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
本实施例中，以人体生理指标为人体基本温度、动态监测系统为红外摄像机为例进行说明，当红外摄像机识别出某个人的表面温度高于某一阈值(如37.3摄氏度)时，此时确定此人为疑似感染者，同时需要分析红外摄像机记录的此疑似感染者的移动轨迹，快速确定其具体所在位置，并进一步分析此疑似感染者的飞沫传播轨迹，可以将出现在上述飞沫传播轨迹和移动轨迹一定范围内的人员确定为密切接触者，此时，需要及时对疑似感染者和密切接触者采取应对措施，例如进行隔离观察或住院治疗等。利用动态监测系统实时监测人员的生理指标和移动轨迹及飞沫传播轨迹，能够及时、可靠、准确的识别出疑似感染者及其密切接触者，同时采取相应的措施，有效的避免了病毒继续在室内人群中传播。
需要说明的是，红外摄像机与红外成像仪不同，能够连续拍摄红外图像，通过计算机视觉技术能够确定相邻两帧之间的人员识别的相对位置关系及形体相似性等，对于人员位置重叠后分开的问题也已在技术上实现。因此，红外摄像机得到的视频能够判断不同人员的运动轨迹。同时，由于目标是疑似感染者，在不考虑其他人员轨迹的情况下，得到的运动轨迹识别结果的准确性还会进一步提高。
疑似感染者的识别与应对方面，包括了两部分，即因体温偏高而识别为疑似感染者和识别其在楼内的运动轨迹以便管理人员快速定位并对其采取应对措施，其中，运动轨迹识别结果不对感染者的识别判断产生直接影响，而是体现在对疑似感染者采取的应对措施方面上。
所述环境诊断预警系统，用于建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正所述当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立所述当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
其中，所述环境诊断预警系统包括室内环境场建立模块、室内环境场修正模块和传播风险评估模块；
所述室内环境场建立模块，用于利用建筑环境模拟软件，对室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；
具体包括：建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织。
气流组织主要指房间内空气流场分布，其获得方式主要是靠云端模拟获得，即通过输入房间模型、出风状态参数、风速风量等信息依靠计算流体力学求解获得。其中，出风状态参数包括温度、相对湿度等，对于净化器出风参数还包括PM2.5浓度等参数；这些状态参数中，温度对于气流组织的影响较为显著。简单来说，气流组织的获得主要是以监测的温度和风量风速等作为边界条件，在房间模型框架下利用计算流体力学进行云端模拟。
所述室内环境场修正模块：以所述环境静态监测系统获得的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
考虑到当前室内环境场是通过环境模拟软件获得，其数值相对关系具有一定可靠性，但绝对值与真实结果可能存在偏差，因此，需要对其进行修正，修正时除考虑上述给出的修正依据，还可考虑监测点位置。另外，虽然实际环境静态监测系统由于传感器数量限制，其往往在同一空间中只能布置一个或有限个设备，无法准确反映环境场情况，但因其测试结果准确可靠，故用于对环境场模拟结果的修正。
针对不同参数可采取不同修正过程，此处列举一个比较简单的方法，根据空间内数个传感器的测试结果，认为其为环境场对应点真值，对空间各点修正值按照距离比例加权修正得到。此方法为最简单的修正方法，仅是为了清楚的解释说明本发明中的修正过程，本发明中涉及的修正过程还可以是其他修正方法，上述修正方法对本发明不具有限定作用。
所述传播风险评估模块，用于根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播 风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
在本实施例中，可通过包括但不限于Wells-Riley模型以及基于稀释倍率的污染物传播风险模型计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率来进行风险评估，感染概率越大，则传播风险越大。
所述通风净化联动控制系统，用于根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制；
所述通风净化联动控制系统包括整体控制系统和局部控制系统；
其中，所述整体控制系统，用于以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
当传播风险整体较低时，采用低风险通风策略，对建筑进行整体通风净化。
所述局部控制系统，用于对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理；
由于当前修正后室内环境场中，局部区域的污染物浓度可能会高于设定阈值，从而使得局部区域处于高污染状态，所以需要进行高污染局部净化；另外，由于疑似感染者和密切接触者可能是病毒传播的源头，所以也需要对其所处位置进行针对源头局部净化以及采用快速稀释通风策略。
为了能够及时的了解室内通风净化后的效果，该系统还可设计通风净化效果评估系统，用于评估所述通风净化联动控制系统的通风净化效果；具体包括：
通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数(如建立CO2及PM2.5等参数的时间序列)，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率的大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
针对衰减速率较低且当前污染物浓度较高的局部调整通风净化方案，实现快速、针对性通风净化；另外，还可以计算当前室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，感染概率大则说明通风净化效果不好，则需要进行高风险预警并重新调整通风净化措施，例如对室内整体进行通风净化，同时对高污染 局部进行针对性快速通风净化。除此之外，还可以通过换气次数来评价通风净化效果。需要说明上述通风净化评价参数对本发明不具有限定作用。
另外需补充说明的是，还可以对当前修正后室内环境场进行异常状态检测，所以在环境诊断预警系统中还可包括异常状态检测模块，异常状态检测主要包括离群值检测和高浓度检测两个方面；其中，离群值检测主要针对因气流组织不合理或通风净化策略不合理导致的局部空间环境参数与其他空间差异过大的情况；高浓度检测针对局部空间或整体空间的部分参数偏离控制域的情况，会对人员舒适健康造成危害。
对于离群值检测的情况，如局部空间位于人员活动区且环境参数离群为不利于人员健康的情况，则报警并增加局部通风净化措施；如该局部空间不位于人员活动区且环境参数离群为不利于人员健康的情况，则仅报警由管理人员根据需要增加局部通风净化措施；如该局部空间位于人员舒适区且环境参数离群为有利于人员健康的情况，不做通风净化处理。
对于高浓度检测的情况，如整体空间参数存在偏离控制域的情况，增加整体通风净化风量或调整送风参数以保证整体空间健康舒适；如局部空间参数存在偏离控制域的情况，则调整局部通风净化风量或调整送风参数以保证局部空间健康舒适，对于不能针对性进行局部调节的空间则优先保障人员实时位置附近的健康舒适。
本实施例中，该系统既实时监测建筑室内环境参数，同时也实时识别判断人体健康特征，实时、准确的识别疑似感染者及其密切接触者，使得环境监测的手段更全面，对室内环境进行病毒传播风险的评估更准确。基于室内环境健康效应和疑似感染者状态，进行室内整体通风净化以及局部净化处理，有效的避免病毒在室内人群中快速传播，危害人们的健康。
实施例2
如图3所示，一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：获取建筑室内外环境参数，所述环境参数包括温湿度和污染物浓度；
获取人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
步骤S2：根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
步骤S3：建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正所述当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立所述当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
具体包括：
步骤S301：建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织；
步骤S302：以获取的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述室内物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
步骤S303：根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
步骤S4：根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制；具体包括：
整体控制：以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
局部控制：对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理。
步骤S5：对通风净化联动控制效果进行评估；具体包括：
通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率的大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
本实施例中，该方法既能够实时的监测建筑室内外环境参数，还能实时获取人体生理指标判断人体健康状态以及获取各人员移动轨迹和飞沫传播轨迹，及时、准确的识别出疑似感染者及其密切接触者，并及时对疑似感染者和密切接触者采取应对措施。另外，还能够对当前室内环境传播风险进行评估，从而能够进一步对室内环境进行采取可靠的通风净化措施，最大程度的降低病毒传播的风险，保证人员的健康安全。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，包括环境监测系统、病毒溯源系统、环境诊断预警系统和通风净化联动控制系统；所述环境监测系统包括环境静态监测系统和动态监测系统；
    所述环境静态监测系统，用于对建筑室内外的环境参数进行监测；所述环境参数包括温湿度和污染物浓度；
    所述动态监测系统，用于对人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布进行监测；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
    所述病毒溯源系统，用于根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
    所述环境诊断预警系统，用于建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正所述当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立所述当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
    所述通风净化联动控制系统，用于根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，所述环境静态监测系统包括温度传感器、湿度传感器和污染物浓度测量传感器；所述动态监测系统包括红外摄像机。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，所述环境诊断预警系统包括室内环境场建立模块、室内环境场修正模块和传播风险评估模块；
    所述室内环境场建立模块，用于利用建筑环境模拟软件，对室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；
    所述室内环境场修正模块：以所述环境静态监测系统获得的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
    所述传播风险评估模块，用于根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，室内环境场建立模块，用于利用建筑环境模拟软件，对室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；具体包括：
    建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，所述通风净化联动控制系统包括整体控制系统和局部控制系统；
    所述整体控制系统，用于以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
    所述局部控制系统，用于对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控系统，其特征在于，还包括通风净化效果评估系统，用于评估所述通风净化联动控制系统的通风净化效果；具体包括：
    通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率的大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
  7. 一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：获取建筑室内外环境参数，所述环境参数包括温湿度和污染物浓度；
    获取人体生理指标、人员动态指标和室内物体表面温度场分布；所述人员动态指标包括飞沫传播轨迹和人员移动轨迹；
    步骤二：根据获取的人体生理指标进行疑似感染者的识别判断，得到识别判断结果；当所述识别判断结果为所述疑似感染者时，对所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行分析，得到分析结果，根据所述分析结果确定密切接触者，对所述密切接触者和所述疑似感染者采取应对措施；
    步骤三：建立当前室内环境场，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正所述当前室内环境场，得到当前修正后室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，根据所述传播风险评估结果进行高风险预警；所述历史修正后室内环境场为在建立所述当前室内环境场之前，修正后的室内环境场；
    步骤四：根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制；
    步骤五：对通风净化联动控制效果进行评估。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，其特征在于，根据所述建筑室内外的环境参数修正当前室内环境场，结合历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹进行传播风险评估，得到传播风险评估结果，具体包括：
    建立建筑物理模型，结合建筑环境调控设备实时运行状态和人员实时定位信息，利用建筑环境模拟软件，对当前室内环境参数分布进行模拟，建立当前室内环境场；所述当前室内环境场包括温湿度场、污染物浓度场和气流组织；
    以获取的所述室内环境参数为依据，结合所述室内物体表面温度场分布对建立的所述当前室内环境场进行修正，得到所述当前修正后室内环境场；
    根据所述当前修正后室内环境场、所述历史修正后室内环境场和所述疑似感染者的所述飞沫传播轨迹和所述人员移动轨迹计算室内发生病毒传播的感染概率，所述感染概率越大，传播风险越大，实现传播风险的评估。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，其特征在于，根据所述识别判断结果、所述分析结果和所述传播风险评估结果进行通风净化联动控制，具体包括：
    整体控制：以所述传播风险评估结果为依据进行整体优化控制，实现建筑整体通风净化；
    局部控制：对所述当前修正后室内环境场中的所述污染物浓度高于设定阈值的区域进行局部通风净化；对所述疑似感染者所在区域和所述密切接触者所在区域进行局部净化、稀释通风，实现针对源头的局部净化处理。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种建筑内病毒传播的监测、溯源与预警调控方法，其特征在于，所述对通风净化联动控制效果进行评估，具体包括：
    通过所述当前修正后室内环境场及所述历史修正后室内环境场，建立环境场-时间函数，计算污染物浓度的衰减速率，根据所述污染物浓度的衰减速率的大小及当前污染物浓度大小评价通风净化效果。
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