WO2021238021A1 - 悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法 - Google Patents

悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021238021A1
WO2021238021A1 PCT/CN2020/121003 CN2020121003W WO2021238021A1 WO 2021238021 A1 WO2021238021 A1 WO 2021238021A1 CN 2020121003 W CN2020121003 W CN 2020121003W WO 2021238021 A1 WO2021238021 A1 WO 2021238021A1
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container
moth larvae
larvae
rice moth
rice
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PCT/CN2020/121003
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金涛
林玉英
温海波
马光昌
彭正强
刘奎
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中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所
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Publication of WO2021238021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238021A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry biology, and relates to a method for increasing the natural population of parasitic wasps through artificial measures, and specifically relates to a method for increasing the population of the brown banded moth Braconidae by suspending a container of rice moth larvae in the field .
  • Palms are the second largest economic plants after Gramineae. They are also landscaping trees in Hainan province and the southern coastal areas of my country. They are also an important means of enrichment for hundreds of thousands of growers in palm plant related industries. Because Hainan is located in a tropical environment with high temperature, high humidity and rain, it is very conducive to the occurrence and outbreak of various pests. Especially with the rapid development of international trade, transportation and tourism, e-commerce, etc., it has brought many problems such as the outbreak of foreign pests. , The risks and uncertainties brought to the palm plant industry and its ecological environment have increased significantly, and at the same time it has caused a serious threat to the production safety of palm plants and eco-tourism resources in southern my country.
  • coconut weaver moth is a palm plant pest that invaded Hainan, my country, was discovered in August 2013, and its harmfulness was subsequently discovered in Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.
  • the larva feeds on the epidermal tissue of the leaves of palm plants, spins silk and adheres fecal borers on the back of the leaves, making the leaves of the plants curled and scorched.
  • the canopy of the plants can wither or even die, and the yield of coconut fruits can be reduced by more than 45%. , 13.8% to 21% of the leaves were damaged.
  • the red-veined ear borer is an important pest that harms betel nut. It can occur and damage betel nut planting areas throughout the year in my country. The newly hatched larvae of this insect bore into the flower spikes. The larvae often bore the flower spikes before the bracts unfolded, leaving only black flower spikes and a large amount of insect dung and rodents during the flowering and fruiting stages. The larvae can also feed on petals and eat betel nut fruit. In areas where red-veined ear borer occurs severely, it can cause the fruit yield of betel nut to drop by more than 31%. The frequent occurrence and outbreak of these pests seriously threaten the coconut and betel nut industry in my country. The healthy and sustainable development of the company.
  • Braconidae Braconidae is a larval parasitic wasp, also known as Braconidae. Homona magnanima and Adoxophyes privatana, we also found in the wild in Hainan that this parasitic wasp also has a strong preference for the larvae of coconut weaver moth and red-veined ear borer.
  • the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica is a storage pest that usually feeds on rice, wheat, corn, millet, peanuts, sesame, and dried fruit. Its feeding method is simple, and it is difficult for the rice moth larvae to survive without food crops.
  • the applicant’s team used a large number of indoor multiplication and released the operation mode of the brown banded moth Braconidae in the wild, which improved the application effect of biological control of palm pests in tropical regions of my country, and played a positive role in protecting the planting safety of the palm plant industry.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the population of the brown banded moth larvae in the wild by suspending the rice moth larvae container.
  • the brown banded moth, or the trapped artificial release of the brown banded moth provides a parasitic host, breeding conditions and shelter for its survival, which ensures the establishment of the wild population of the brown banded moth and improves the individual population. Count, achieve the effect of parasitic wasps biological control of pests.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for suspending a container of rice moth larvae to increase the population of the brown banded moth Braconidae in the wild, which includes the following steps:
  • (1) Single hanging rice moth larvae container in the palm forest where the population of brown banded moth larvae has been found, or in the palm forest with good ecological environment, the rice moth larva container is suspended in the palm forest; hang 1 every 5-30 meters One, open for inspection within 3 to 7 days. If there is no brown banded larvae in the container of rice moth larvae, change the position of the container of rice moth larvae to ensure that there are brown bands in each container of rice moth larvae.
  • the larvae of Braconidae are attached as bees and parasitize rice moth larvae; the rice moth larvae container contains rice moth larvae or rice moth larvae containing broken grains;
  • the side or bottom surface of the rice moth larvae container is provided with a number of holes with a diameter less than or equal to 3 mm, which serve as the passages for the entry and exit of the brown banded moth larvae.
  • the moth larvae container is a relatively airtight container, which can prevent the rice moth larvae from escaping to the outside world and being effectively parasitized;
  • the rice moth larvae are middle-aged or older rice moth larvae.
  • the crushed grains are feeds for artificial feeding of rice moths, and the waste residues and the feeds form a mixed medium after being fed by the rice moths larvae.
  • the side or bottom surface of the rice moth larvae container is provided with a plurality of holes with a diameter less than or equal to 1.5 mm, so that the rice moth larvae in the container cannot escape to the outside world and are effectively parasitized.
  • the rice moth larvae container includes a box body and a box cover.
  • a partition is arranged in the box body.
  • the partition divides the box body into a parasitic cavity and a guide cavity.
  • the partition is provided with a plurality of transit holes from top to bottom , The transition hole communicates with the parasitic cavity and the guide cavity, and the side or bottom surface of the guide cavity is provided with a plurality of guide holes communicating with the outside; the height of the partition is equal to the height of the box body.
  • a limit bottom plate is provided on the bottom of the parasitic cavity, and the limit bottom plate is connected to the bottom of the partition.
  • the width of the limit bottom plate matches the width of the parasitic cavity.
  • the limit bottom plate can not only fix the partition plate and prevent deviation, but also It can also ensure the sealing and stability of the bottom of the parasitic cavity.
  • a limit side plate is provided on the side of the guide cavity, and the limit side plate is connected with the side of the partition.
  • the width of the limit side plate matches the width of the guide cavity.
  • the limit side plate can fix the partition to prevent deviation. .
  • a hanging member is provided on the box cover, and the hanging member can be a hook, a lanyard, etc., to ensure that the rice moth larvae container can be conveniently fixed in the field.
  • the rice moth larvae container may be a specially made finished box, which is used for special propagation and preservation of the brown-banded moth Braconidae.
  • the palm forest with a poor ecological environment refers to a palm forest with many manual management measures and long-term application of agricultural chemical inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides to obtain the output of agricultural products.
  • the present invention uses a suspended rice moth larvae container to increase the population of the brown banded moth Braconidae population in the field, which has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method of the present invention to increase the population of the brown banded moth larvae in the wild by suspending the rice moth larvae container makes full use of the easy-to-breed rice moth larvae as the intermediate host characteristics of the brown banded moth larvae, and its cocoons
  • the bee population can multiply in the wild, its operation process is simple, and the steps of releasing parasitic wasps in the wild are combined into one, which reduces working time and labor costs.
  • the container of rice moth larvae provided by the present invention is a refuge for the brown-banded larvae, not only provides a food source and growth environment for the brown-banded larvae, but also effectively avoids other artificial control measures such as insecticide.
  • the larvae of the rice moth invested in the present invention can be accurately quantified by weighing and other means, which is beneficial to the standardization of the implementation methods of the brown banded moth Braconidae to control palm plant pests such as the coconut weaver and the red-veined ear borer.
  • Putting the brown banded moth Braconidae source and rice moth larvae to compare the control effect after different degrees of damage to coconuts and betel nuts makes the parasitic wasps quantify, plan and intensively control palm pests, which is also more conducive to The formulation and implementation of various operating standards.
  • the rice moth larva container of the present invention has several holes with a diameter of less than or equal to 3mm on the bottom or side of the guide cavity to prevent other insects from entering the rice moth larva container, causing damage to the growth environment of the rice moth larva in the container, and can Prevent rice moth larvae from escaping to the outside (the rice moth larvae and adults are light-proof, and the size of the guide cavity hole can also limit the rice moth larvae) and be effectively parasitized; at the same time, ensure that the brown banded moth can be released from the container normally And get in from outside.
  • the rice moth larvae container of the present invention is equipped with a parasitic cavity and a guiding cavity, which can not only meet the environmental requirements of parasitic bees before emergence, but also can effectively prevent other natural insects such as ants, earwigs and other natural insects from harming parasitic wasps. The intrusion of dew or rain in the wild or in the field.
  • the rice moth larvae container of the present invention is provided with a detachable partition, and the partition is also provided with a limited bottom plate and a limited side plate, which can effectively fix the partition in the box body, and at the same time, the limited bottom plate can better Stabilize or seal the parasitic cavity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rice moth larva container in the present invention (guide holes are provided on the side of the guide cavity);
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition, the limiting side plate and the limiting bottom plate in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rice moth larvae container in the present invention (guide holes are provided on the bottom surface of the guide cavity)
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box body and the box cover of the present invention after being combined;
  • the rice moth larvae container includes a box body 1 and a box cover 7, and the connection method of the box body 1 and the box cover 7 can adopt a variety of conventional forms.
  • the box cover 7 is provided with a suspension 8 which is a suspension rope to ensure that the container can be conveniently fixed in the field.
  • a partition plate 2 is arranged in the box body 1, and the partition plate 2 divides the box body 1 into a parasitic cavity and a guide cavity. The volume of the parasitic cavity is larger than the volume of the guide cavity.
  • the height of the partition plate 2 is equal to the height of the box body 1.
  • the partition plate 2 is provided with a number of transit holes 6 from top to bottom. The transit holes 6 communicate the parasitic cavity and the guide cavity.
  • the side of the guide cavity is provided with 10 guide holes 4, guide holes 4 It can communicate with the outside of the box.
  • a limit bottom plate 5 is provided on the bottom of the parasitic cavity.
  • the limit bottom plate 5 is connected to the bottom of the partition 2.
  • the width of the limit bottom plate 5 matches the width of the parasitic cavity.
  • the limit bottom plate 5 can not only fix the partition 2 and prevent the parasitic cavity Offset, improve the sealing and stability of the bottom of the parasitic cavity.
  • a limit side plate 3 is provided on the side of the guide cavity, and the limit side plate 3 is connected to the side of the partition 2.
  • the width of the limit side plate 3 matches the width of the guide cavity.
  • the limit side plate 3 can fix the partition 2 to prevent guiding Cavity offset.
  • the partition 2, the limiting side plate 3, and the limiting bottom plate 5 can be integrally formed.
  • Rice moth larva container length ⁇ width ⁇ height 17 ⁇ 12 ⁇ 12cm
  • the parasitic cavity contains 120 ⁇ 145g middle and older larvae of rice moth and their feed medium.
  • the total weight of rice moth larvae is 15 ⁇ 28g, with 10 holes on the side.
  • the hole diameter is about 2mm.
  • the suspension rope of the rice moth larvae container is coated with petroleum jelly to prevent other insects such as ants from entering the container.
  • After 3 days and every 2 days open the inspection to observe whether each rice moth larvae container is attached to by the larvae of the brown-banded larvae, and whether the rice moth larvae are parasitized and whether they die.
  • After 7 days if there is no colony of brown banded larvae in a container of rice moth larvae, change the position of the container of rice moth larvae (adjust according to the direction of the wind and facing the sun).
  • randomly select the leaves in the release area damaged by the coconut weaver moth every 5 days and observe whether the coconut weaver larvae are parasitized by the brown banded moth. In the same way, observe whether the larvae of the coconut weaver moth are parasitized by the brown-banded moth larvae in another area where the rice moth larvae container is not hung at a distance.
  • the mortality of the rice moth larvae increased rapidly from 1.25% on the 12th day to 97.5% on the 30th day.
  • the adult wasps of the brown banded moth in the palm forest can quickly search for and parasitize the rice moth larvae, and increase the population of the brown banded moth in the wild population.
  • the survey of the parasitic rate of coconut weaver moth larvae found that the parasitic rates of coconut weaver moth larvae on the 18th, 24th and 30th day were 12.25%, 10% and 16.67% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control area.
  • the parasitic rate of weaver moth larvae is zero. It is shown that in the present invention, a single suspension container of rice moth larvae in the palm forest can significantly increase the population of the brown banded moth Braconidae in the wild, and has a significant biological control effect on the palm pest Coconut moth.
  • the container of rice moth larvae length ⁇ width ⁇ height 17 ⁇ 12 ⁇ 12cm, the parasitic cavity contains 120-145g middle and older larvae of rice moth and their feed medium, and the total weight of rice moth larvae is 15-28g.
  • the rice moth larvae container has 10 holes on the bottom surface of the guide cavity, with a diameter of about 1.5mm.
  • the parasitic cavity of a container contains not only the middle and older larvae of the rice moth and their feed, but also 50 adult bees of the brown banded moth, which is used as the source of artificial release of the brown banded moth.
  • a total of 8 rice moth larva containers are hung, and the suspension rope of each container is coated with petroleum jelly to prevent other insects such as ants from entering the container.
  • After 3 days and every 2 days open the inspection to observe whether the container of rice moth larvae is attached by the larvae, whether the rice moth larvae are parasitized, and whether the rice moth larvae are dead.
  • the parasitic rate of rice moth larvae in the container began to appear 9% on the 9th day, and rapidly increased to 100% on the 24th day. The same was true for the death rate of rice moth larvae. From 4.5% on the 9th day, it rose rapidly to 100% on the 24th day. These results indicate that after hanging the container of rice moth larvae, the adult wasps can quickly find and parasitize the rice moth larvae, increasing the number of individuals in the wild population. In addition, the investigation of the parasitic rate of coconut weaver moth larvae found that the parasitic rate of coconut weaver moth larvae on the 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days were 12.25%, 22.2%, and 30%, respectively.

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Abstract

一种悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器；(2)人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器；(3)褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群检视；以在野外人工悬置米蛾幼虫容器的方式，通过诱集野外自然环境中褐带卷蛾茧蜂，或诱集人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，为其生存提供野外寄生寄主、繁殖条件和庇护所，确保了褐带卷蛾茧蜂野外种群的建立，提升了种群个体数，达到寄生蜂生物防治害虫的效果。

Description

悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法 技术领域
本发明属于农林业生物技术领域，涉及一种通过人工措施，提高自然种群寄生蜂的方法，具体涉及一种通过在野外悬置米蛾幼虫的容器，提升褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法。
背景技术
棕榈科植物是仅次于禾本科的第二大经济植物，也是海南省及我国南方沿海地区的园林绿化树木，更是棕榈植物相关产业的数十万种植户的重要致富手段。由于海南地处热带高温、高湿、多雨的环境，非常有利于各种害虫的发生和暴发，尤其伴随着国际贸易、运输旅游、电商等的飞速发展，带来诸多例如外来虫害暴发的问题，给棕榈植物产业及其生态环境带来的风险和不确定性明显上升，同时给我国南方棕榈植物生产安全及生态旅游资源造成了严重的威胁。椰子织蛾是2013年8月发现入侵我国海南的棕榈科植物害虫，随后在广东、广西等地相继发现该虫的危害性。该幼虫取食棕榈科植物叶片表皮组织，吐丝并粘连粪便蛀虫道于叶片背面，使植物叶片卷曲，呈现焦枯状，严重时可使植物树冠干枯甚至死亡，最高可导致椰子果实减产45％以上，13.8％～21％的叶片受损，同时也对大王棕、蒲葵等观赏性棕榈植物的叶片造成了严重危害，造成了严重的经济损失。红脉穗螟是危害槟榔的重要害虫，在我国槟榔种植区全年均可发生和危害。该虫初孵幼虫由此蛀入花穗，幼虫常在苞片未展开前就将花穗蛀食一空，仅留发黑的花穗梗和大量虫粪及啮屑，在开花期和果期，幼虫也能取食花瓣和蛀食槟榔果实，在红脉穗螟发生严重的区域，可导致槟榔产果率下降31％以上，这些害虫的频繁发生和爆发，严重威胁到我国椰子、槟榔产业的健康持续发展。
由于棕榈科植物树干笔直细长，结果树高达十多米，人工施药的操作难度 大，成本高；其次，椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟多隐藏于叶片或花苞中钻蛀为害，隐蔽性强，采用喷洒淋洗植株的化学农药防治法，药剂难以直接接触虫体，形成有效的防治作用；此外，化学农药长期使用也会导致害虫具有抗药性，造成害虫反复猖獗，并杀死害虫天敌和污染环境等缺点，也影响着自然生态环境和种植果实食用安全。因而，依据经典的生物防治理论，采取“以虫治虫”利用天敌寄生蜂防治椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟是一种切实可行的方法，也是实现我国当前“化肥农药减施增效”的战略需求，有利于国家节能减排，符合低碳经济发展需求，也是我国粮食安全战略与现代农业发展战略中优先发展主题之一。
褐带卷蛾茧蜂是一种幼虫寄生蜂，又名茶小卷蛾茧蜂，属膜翅目Hymenoptera茧蜂科Braconidae茧蜂属Bracon，除已报到的寄主如棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana、茶长卷蛾Homona magnanima、和台湾格纹卷蛾Adoxophyes privatana，我们在海南的野外也发现该寄生蜂对椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟的幼虫也具有极强的嗜好性。米蛾Corcyra cephalonica是一种仓储害虫，通常在取食大米、小麦、玉米、小米、花生、芝麻、干果为食，其饲养方法简单，且脱离了粮食作物的米蛾幼虫很难存活，因此，它的卵、幼虫和蛹可以被用来作为寄生性天敌或捕食性天敌昆虫的饲料，在生产天敌的过程中作为中间寄主，广泛应用。在室内条件下，利用易于饲养的米蛾幼虫作为褐带卷蛾茧蜂的寄主，通过大量饲养米蛾幼虫，扩繁褐带卷蛾茧蜂，再将其释放到野外，达到生物防治椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟的目的，是当前利用寄生蜂防治棕榈害虫的一种可行性方法。申请人团队通过室内大量扩繁，野外释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂的运作模式，提高了在我国热带地区的生物防治棕榈害虫应用效果，对保护棕榈植物产业的种植安全起到了积极的作用。
申请人在长期推广释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂的实践中发现，褐带卷蛾茧蜂在飞离释放器后，其释放器中残存少量的米蛾幼虫，偶尔会再次被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生，形成一定数量的褐带卷蛾茧蜂群体。因而大胆推测并试验论证，野外环境下褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂可自寻到米蛾幼虫，将其作为寄主之一，并有能力利用米蛾幼虫繁衍野外自然种群。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，它主要以在野外人工悬置米蛾幼虫容器的方式，通过诱集野外自然环境中褐带卷蛾茧蜂，或诱集人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，为其生存提供野外寄生寄主、繁殖条件和庇护所，确保了褐带卷蛾茧蜂野外种群的建立，提升了种群个体数，达到寄生蜂生物防治害虫的效果。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：提供一种悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器：在已发现褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群，或生态环境较好的棕榈林中，将米蛾幼虫容器悬挂于棕榈林中；每隔5～30米悬挂1个，3～7天打开检查，如果某个米蛾幼虫容器内不存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，就将该米蛾幼虫容器换个位置，确保每个米蛾幼虫容器内存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，寄生米蛾幼虫；所述米蛾幼虫容器内含有米蛾幼虫，或含碎渣谷物的米蛾幼虫；
(2)人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器：在未发现褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群，或生态环境较差的棕榈林中，在1～2个含有米蛾幼虫或含碎渣谷物的米蛾幼虫的容器内还加入褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并以围绕该米蛾幼虫容器周围，每隔15～30米，悬挂3～10个不含褐带卷蛾茧蜂的米蛾幼虫容器；3～7天打开检查，如果某个米蛾幼虫容器内不存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，就将该米蛾幼虫容器换个位置；确保每个米蛾幼虫容器内存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，寄生米蛾幼虫；
所述米蛾幼虫容器的侧面或底面设置若干个直径小于等于3mm的孔洞，作为褐带卷蛾茧蜂出入的孔道，容器体积至少大于米蛾幼虫或米蛾幼虫所在介质的一半；所述米蛾幼虫容器为相对密闭容器，可防止米蛾幼虫逃离到外界，并被有效寄生；
(3)褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群检视：在棕榈林中悬置米蛾幼虫容器后，每10天检查容器内褐带卷蛾茧蜂的数量，并随机调查棕榈树上椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟被寄生的情况，同时观察林地内为害状是否减轻，用以确保野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群 数量，达到防治棕榈科植物害虫椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟的效果。
较佳地，每亩地设置4～8个米蛾幼虫容器。
较佳地，所述米蛾幼虫选用中龄或大龄米蛾幼虫。
较佳地，所述碎渣谷物为人工饲养米蛾投入的饲料，并经过米蛾幼虫取食后废渣与饲料形成相互混杂的介质。
较佳地，所述米蛾幼虫容器的侧面或底面设置若干个直径小于等于1.5mm的孔洞，容器内的米蛾幼虫无法逃离到外界，并被有效寄生。
较佳地，所述米蛾幼虫容器包括盒体和盒盖，在盒体内设置隔板，隔板将盒体内分隔成寄生腔和引导腔，所述隔板从上至下设置若干个过度孔，过度孔与寄生腔和引导腔相通，引导腔的侧面或底面设置若干个与外界相通的引导孔；所述隔板的高度等于盒体的高度。
较佳地，所述寄生腔内底部上设置限位底板，限位底板与隔板底部连接，限位底板的宽度与寄生腔的宽度匹配，限位底板不仅可以固定隔板，防止偏移，又能确保寄生腔底部的密封性和稳定性。
较佳地，所述引导腔侧面设置限位侧板，限位侧板与隔板侧面连接，限位侧板的宽度与引导腔的宽度匹配，限位侧板可以固定隔板，防止偏移。
较佳地，所述盒盖上设置悬挂件，悬挂件可以为挂钩、挂绳等，确保能方便地将米蛾幼虫容器固定在野外。
所述米蛾幼虫容器可为特地制作的成品盒子，用于专门扩繁和保存褐带卷蛾茧蜂。
所述生态环境较差的棕榈林指人工管理措施多，长期施用农田化学投入品如化肥和农药等，形成的以获得农产品产量为目的棕榈林。
本发明以悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量方法，具有以下有益的效果：
1、本发明通过悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，充分利用了易于饲养的米蛾幼虫作为褐带卷蛾茧蜂中间寄主特点，其褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群在野外得以繁衍，其操作流程简单，与野外释放寄生蜂步骤合二为一， 减少了工作时间，节省了人工成本。
2、本发明提供的米蛾幼虫容器更是褐带卷蛾茧蜂的庇护所，不仅为褐带卷蛾茧蜂提供了食物来源和生长环境，更有效避免了人工其它防治措施如使用杀虫剂对褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群的伤害，有效地保护了寄生蜂资源。
3、本发明投入的米蛾幼虫，可以通过称量等手段精确定量，因而有利于褐带卷蛾茧蜂防治棕榈植物害虫如椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟实施方法的标准化，通过有序的投放褐带卷蛾茧蜂蜂源和米蛾幼虫，并和椰子和槟榔等不同程度为害后的防治效果比较，更使得寄生蜂防治棕榈害虫的定量化、规划化和集约化，也更有利于各种操作标准的制定与实施。
4、本发明的米蛾幼虫容器在引导腔的底部或侧面开数个直径小于等于3mm的孔洞，是为了防止其它昆虫进入米蛾幼虫容器，造成对容器内米蛾幼虫生长环境破坏，又能防止米蛾幼虫逃离到外界(米蛾幼虫和成虫具有避光性，引导腔孔洞的尺寸也可以限制米蛾幼虫)，并被有效寄生；同时确保褐带卷蛾茧蜂可以正常从容器内释放和从外界钻入。
5、本发明的米蛾幼虫容器设置寄生腔和引导腔，不仅能满足寄生蜂羽化前的环境需求，还可以有效防止蚂蚁、蠼螋等等自然界其它昆虫对寄生蜂的危害，还可以防止在野外或田间时露水或雨水的侵入。
6、本发明的米蛾幼虫容器内设置可拆卸式的隔板，隔板又设置有限位底板和限位侧板，可以有效地固定隔板在盒体内，同时限位底板又能更好的稳固或密封寄生腔。
附图说明
图1为本发明中的的米蛾幼虫容器结构示意图(引导腔的侧面设置引导孔)；
图2为图1中的隔板、限位侧板和限位底板的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中的的米蛾幼虫容器结构示意图(引导腔的底面设置引导孔)
图4为本发明盒体和盒盖结合后的结构示意图；
图中：1、盒体；2、隔板；3、限位侧板；4、引导孔；5、限位底板；6、导引孔；7、盒盖；8、悬挂件。
具体实施方式
为了详细说明本发明悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法的技术内容、构造特征、以下结合实施方式并配合附图作进一步说明。
实施例一(单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器)
2018年5月，在海南省儋州市那大镇热科院试验场5队，选取一片含大王棕和椰子林种植区域，此区域被椰子织蛾为害严重，但当前生态环境较好，未使用杀虫剂、除草剂等化学农药。在3月调查时发现少量椰子织蛾幼虫被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生。采用单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器的方法，在棕榈林每隔20米左右悬挂米蛾幼虫容器，共悬挂4个。如图2、3、4所示，米蛾幼虫容器包括盒体1和盒盖7，盒体1和盒盖7的连接方式可以采用多种常规的形式。盒盖7上设置悬挂件8，悬挂件8为悬绳，确保能方便地将容器固定在野外。在盒体1内设置隔板2，隔板2将盒体1内分隔成寄生腔和引导腔，寄生腔的体积大于引导腔的体积。隔板2的高度等于盒体1的高度，隔板2从上至下设置若干个过度孔6，过度孔6将寄生腔和引导腔相通，引导腔的侧面设置10个引导孔4，引导孔4与盒体外可相通。寄生腔内底部上设置限位底板5，限位底板5与隔板2底部连接，限位底板5的宽度与寄生腔的宽度匹配，限位底板5不仅可以固定隔板2，防止向寄生腔偏移，提高寄生腔底部的密封性和稳定性。引导腔侧面设置限位侧板3，限位侧板3与隔板2侧面连接，限位侧板3的宽度与引导腔的宽度匹配，限位侧板3可以固定隔板2，防止向引导腔偏移。隔板2、限位侧板3、限位底板5可以一体成型。米蛾幼虫容器长×宽×高＝17×12×12cm，寄生腔内含米蛾中、大龄幼虫及其饲料介质为120～145g，米蛾幼虫总重量为15～28g，在侧面开孔10个，孔直径约2mm。
米蛾幼虫容器的悬绳上涂上凡士林以防治其它昆虫如蚂蚁等进入容器。3天后并每隔2天后打开检查，观察每个米蛾幼虫容器是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，米蛾幼虫是否被寄生、是否死亡。如果7天后某个米蛾幼虫容器内不存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，就将该米蛾幼虫容器换个位置(根据风向，向阳地方调整)。同时每隔5天随机挑选释放区域被椰子织蛾为害的叶片，观察其上的椰 子织蛾幼虫是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生。并以另一块间距较远，未悬挂米蛾幼虫容器的区域，同样的方法观察椰子织蛾幼虫是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生情况。
表1单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器后褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂数量、米蛾寄生率和椰子织蛾寄生率等情况对比
Figure PCTCN2020121003-appb-000001
从表1中可以看出：使用本发明中在棕榈林中单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器后，4个米蛾幼虫容器内的褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂数量、米蛾幼虫被寄生率及其死亡率，总体上呈稳定上升趋势，褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂从第6天开始出现每盒含有0.5头，上升至第30天每盒含19.8头，容器内米蛾幼虫寄生率从第9天开始出现1.75％，快速上升至第30天97.5％，同样米蛾幼虫死亡率从第12天的1.25％，快速上升至第30天97.5％。这些结果表明了悬挂米蛾幼虫容器后，棕榈林中褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂能够快速寻找并寄生米蛾幼虫，提升了野外种群中褐带卷蛾茧蜂的种群个体数。此外，对椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率调查发现，处理地区在第18天、第24天和第30天椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率分别为12.25％、10％和16.67％，显著高于对照组地区椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率，其均为0。表明了本发明中在棕榈林中单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器，能够显著提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量，并对棕榈害虫椰子织蛾具有显著的生物防治效果。
实施例二(人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器)
2020年3月，在海南省儋州市那大镇两院地区，选取一片含椰子林和大王棕种植区域，此区域被椰子织蛾为害严重，并于2019年5月前后使用杀虫剂等 化学农药处理。在2020年1月调查时发现椰子织蛾被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生，因此，人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并加上悬挂米蛾幼虫容器方法，在棕榈林每隔15米左右悬挂米蛾幼虫容器，共悬挂4个。如图1、2、3所示，本实施例中的米蛾幼虫容器与实施例1不同之处在于，引导腔的底面设置10个引导孔4，引导孔4与盒体外可相通。
米蛾幼虫容器长×宽×高＝17×12×12cm，寄生腔内含米蛾中、大龄幼虫及其饲料介质为120～145g，米蛾幼虫总重量为15～28g。米蛾幼虫容器在引导腔的底面开孔10个，孔直径约1.5mm。在1个容器的寄生腔内，不仅含米蛾中、大龄幼虫及其饲料，而且还含50头褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂，作为人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂的虫源。围绕这个含有虫源的容器周围，每隔15米悬挂3个不含褐带卷蛾茧蜂的米蛾幼虫容器。一共悬挂8个米蛾幼虫容器，每个容器的悬绳上涂上凡士林以防治其它昆虫如蚂蚁等进入容器。3天后并每隔2天后打开检查，观察米蛾幼虫容器是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，米蛾幼虫是否被寄生，米蛾幼虫是否死亡。同时每隔5～6天随机挑选释放区域被椰子织蛾为害的叶片，观察其上的椰子织蛾幼虫是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生。并以另一块间距较远，未悬挂米蛾幼虫容器的区域，同样的方法观察椰子织蛾幼虫是否被褐带卷蛾茧蜂寄生情况。
表2人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器后褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂数量、米蛾寄生率和椰子织蛾寄生率等情况对比
Figure PCTCN2020121003-appb-000002
从表2中可以看出：使用本发明中在棕榈林中人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬 挂米蛾幼虫容器后，每个容器内的褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂数量总体上呈稳定上升趋势，尔后小幅下降的趋势，褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂从第3天开始出现每盒含有2.3头，上升至第24天每盒含25.5头，尔后下降至第30天每盒含21头。其米蛾幼虫被寄生率及其死亡率，总体上呈稳定上升趋势，容器内米蛾幼虫寄生率从第9天开始出现9％，快速上升至第24天100％，同样米蛾幼虫死亡率从第9天的4.5％，快速上升至第24天100％。这些结果表明了悬挂米蛾幼虫容器后，褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂能够快速寻找并寄生米蛾幼虫，提升了野外种群中褐带卷蛾茧蜂的种群个体数。此外，对椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率调查发现，处理地区在第6天、第12天、第18天、第24天和第30天椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率分别为12.25％、22.2％、30％、18.19％和30.78％，显著高于对照组地区椰子织蛾幼虫寄生率，其均为0。表明了本发明中在棕榈林中人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器，能够显著提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量，并对棕榈害虫椰子织蛾具有显著的生物防治效果。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)单一悬挂米蛾幼虫容器：在已发现褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群，或生态环境较好的棕榈林中，将米蛾幼虫容器悬挂于棕榈林中；每隔5～30米悬挂1个，3～7天打开检查，如果某个米蛾幼虫容器内不存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，就将该米蛾幼虫容器换个位置；所述米蛾幼虫容器内含有米蛾幼虫，或含碎渣谷物的米蛾幼虫；
    (2)人工释放褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并悬挂米蛾幼虫容器：在未发现褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群，或生态环境较差的棕榈林中，在1～2个含有米蛾幼虫或含碎渣谷物的米蛾幼虫的容器内还加入褐带卷蛾茧蜂，并以围绕该米蛾幼虫容器周围，每隔15～30米，悬挂3～10个不含褐带卷蛾茧蜂的米蛾幼虫容器；3～7天打开检查，如果某个米蛾幼虫容器内不存在褐带卷蛾茧蜂成蜂附着，就将该米蛾幼虫容器换个位置；
    所述米蛾幼虫容器的侧面或底面设置若干个直径小于等于3mm的孔洞，作为褐带卷蛾茧蜂出入的孔道，容器体积至少大于米蛾幼虫或米蛾幼虫所在介质的一半；
    (3)褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群检视：在棕榈林中悬置米蛾幼虫容器后，每10天检查容器内褐带卷蛾茧蜂的数量，并随机调查棕榈树上椰子织蛾和红脉穗螟被寄生的情况，同时观察林地内为害状是否减轻。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：每亩地设置4～8个米蛾幼虫容器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述米蛾幼虫选用中龄或大龄米蛾幼虫。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述碎渣谷物为人工饲养米蛾投入的饲料，并经过米 蛾幼虫取食后废渣与饲料形成相互混杂的介质。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述米蛾幼虫容器的侧面或底面设置若干个直径小于等于1.5mm的孔洞。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述米蛾幼虫容器包括盒体和盒盖，在盒体内设置隔板，隔板将盒体内分隔成寄生腔和引导腔，所述隔板从上至下设置若干个过度孔，过度孔与寄生腔和引导腔相通，引导腔的侧面或底面设置若干个与外界相通的引导孔；所述隔板的高度等于盒体的高度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述寄生腔内底部上设置限位底板，限位底板与隔板底部连接，限位底板的宽度与寄生腔的宽度匹配。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述引导腔侧面设置限位侧板，限位侧板与隔板侧面连接，限位侧板的宽度与引导腔的宽度匹配。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的悬置米蛾幼虫容器提升野外褐带卷蛾茧蜂种群数量的方法，其特征在于：所述盒盖上设置悬挂件。
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