WO2021233253A1 - 一种液滴定向运输装置 - Google Patents

一种液滴定向运输装置 Download PDF

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WO2021233253A1
WO2021233253A1 PCT/CN2021/094129 CN2021094129W WO2021233253A1 WO 2021233253 A1 WO2021233253 A1 WO 2021233253A1 CN 2021094129 W CN2021094129 W CN 2021094129W WO 2021233253 A1 WO2021233253 A1 WO 2021233253A1
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finger
electrode
connecting portion
transportation device
fingers
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PCT/CN2021/094129
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周国富
唐彪
蒙传芝
钱宇旸
庄磊
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华南师范大学
深圳市国华光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021233253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021233253A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/12—Specific details about materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
    • B01L2400/0427—Electrowetting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of droplet directional transportation, and in particular to a droplet directional transportation device.
  • the current active driving method generally can only be driven by a single type of liquid, and cannot realize the directional transportation of conductive liquid and insulating liquid at the same time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a directional transportation method or device that can flexibly control the speed while realizing a wide liquid material system such as conductive liquid and insulating liquid.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a droplet directional transportation device, which can realize the directional transportation of a wide liquid material system covering conductive liquid and insulating liquid.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a droplet directional transportation device, including:
  • the interdigital electrode is arranged on the insulating substrate; the interdigital electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode has at least two first fingers, and the second electrode has at least one second electrode. Fingers; the first finger and the second finger are arranged alternately at intervals, and the distance between the adjacent first finger and the second finger gradually changes;
  • the dielectric layer is covered on the interdigital electrode.
  • the droplet directional transportation device of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the droplet directional transportation device is provided with an interdigital electrode between the insulating substrate and the dielectric layer, and the first finger of the first electrode on the interdigital electrode and the second The second fingers of the two electrodes are arranged alternately at intervals, and the distance between adjacent first and second fingers is gradually changed.
  • the above interdigital electrodes are used to energize the first and second electrodes through the power supply assembly At this time, an electric field intensity gradient can be generated, which causes a wettability gradient.
  • the smaller the distance between the adjacent first finger and the second finger the higher the electric field intensity of the corresponding area, and the wettability of the nearby area It is also higher.
  • the droplet directional transportation device introduces the electric field-induced wettability gradient through the above interdigital electrodes, and can realize the directional transportation of a wide range of liquid material systems covering conductive liquids and insulating liquids by adjusting the frequency of the driving waveform of the power supply component. And through the non-contact control method of the field, the transportation speed of the droplets can be flexibly controlled by the amplitude of the applied voltage, and the dependence on the volume of the droplets is not high; and the device has a simple structure, and the manufacturing process is difficult and costly to control Low, easy to promote and apply.
  • the first electrode includes a plurality of first fingers and a first connecting portion for connecting each of the first fingers
  • the second electrode includes A plurality of second fingers and a second connecting part for connecting each of the second fingers
  • the second connecting part and the first connecting part are arranged at intervals, and the first finger is from the first A connecting portion extends toward the second connecting portion, the second finger portion extends from the second connecting portion toward the first connecting portion, and the first finger portion and the second finger portion are alternately arranged at intervals cloth.
  • the interdigital electrode is a radial interdigital electrode; the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are arranged radially inwardly and outwardly, and the second The connecting portion is arranged around the radially outer side of the first connecting portion, the second finger portion extends radially inward from the second connecting portion toward the first connecting portion, and the first finger portion extends from the The first connecting portion extends radially outward toward the second connecting portion.
  • the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are arranged concentrically and spaced apart.
  • the included angle between the adjacent first finger and the second finger is less than or equal to 30°.
  • the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the adjacent first finger and the second finger are arranged between the The distance of ⁇ gradually changes along the extending direction of the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion.
  • the material of the dielectric layer is a micro-nano porous material, such as a fluoropolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, and the like.
  • a lubricating interface layer is provided on the dielectric layer.
  • the insulating substrate is a rigid insulating substrate.
  • the droplet directional transportation device further includes a power supply assembly, and two poles of the power supply assembly are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a droplet directional transportation device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the II-II section in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interdigital electrode in another embodiment of the droplet directional transportation device of the present invention.
  • a feature in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if a feature is referred to as “set”, “fixed”, “connected”, or “installed” on another feature, it can be directly set, fixed, or connected to another feature, It can also be installed, fixed, connected, or installed indirectly on another feature.
  • “several” it means more than one, if it refers to “multiple”, it means two or more, if it refers to "greater than”, “less than”, “more than “, should be understood as not including the number, if it involves “above”, “below”, and “within”, it should be understood as including the number.
  • first and “second” are involved, it should be understood as used to distinguish technical features, but cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating what is indicated The sequence of technical features.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a liquid droplet directional transportation device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the II-II section in FIG.
  • the droplet directional transport device includes an insulating substrate 11, an interdigital electrode 12, and a dielectric layer 13.
  • the interdigital electrode 12 is provided on the insulating substrate 11, and the interdigital electrode 12 includes a first electrode 14 and The second electrode 15.
  • the first electrode 14 has at least two first fingers 141, and the second electrode 15 has at least one second finger 151; The distance between the adjacent first finger portion 141 and the second finger portion 151 gradually changes; the dielectric layer 13 is covered on the interdigital electrode 12.
  • the material of the insulating substrate 11 is generally a rigid insulating material, and a glass substrate is generally used.
  • the interdigital electrode 12 is a radial interdigital electrode, which includes a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 15.
  • the first electrode 14 includes six first fingers 141 and a connection connecting each first finger 141.
  • the first connecting portion 142 and the second electrode 15 include six second fingers 151 and a second connecting portion 152 connecting each of the second fingers 151.
  • the first connecting portion 142 and the second connecting portion 152 are arranged radially inwardly and outwardly.
  • the second connecting portion 152 is arranged around the radially outer side of the first connecting portion 142, the second finger portion 151 extends radially inward from the second connecting portion 152 toward the first connecting portion 142, and the first finger 141 extends from the first connecting portion 142.
  • 142 extends radially outward toward the second connecting portion 152.
  • the distance between the adjacent first finger portion 141 and the second finger portion 151 gradually increases along the extending direction of the first finger portion 141 from the first connecting portion 142 to the second connecting portion 152
  • first connecting portion 142 and the second connecting portion 152 are arranged concentrically and spaced apart, and the second connecting portion 152 has a circular ring shape.
  • the second connecting portion 152 may be designed in an elliptical shape, a fan shape, etc., the first connecting portion 142 and the second connecting portion 152 are spaced apart, and the second connecting portion 152 is arranged around the first connecting portion 142.
  • the second finger portion 151 extends from the second connecting portion 152 toward the first connecting portion 142
  • the first finger portion 141 extends from the first connecting portion 142 toward the second connecting portion 152.
  • the number of fingers of the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 15 in the interdigital electrode 12 can be set according to actual needs. For example, it can be designed such that there are two first fingers 141 and one, two or three second fingers 151; or, four first fingers 141 and three or four second fingers 151. Or five and so on.
  • the angle between the adjacent first finger 141 and the second finger 151 is generally less than or equal to 30°.
  • the width of the first finger 141 and the second finger 151 is usually on the order of micrometers, for example, it can be designed to be 20 ⁇ m.
  • the interdigital electrode 12 can be made of thin film electrode materials such as ITO, Cu/Ag.
  • the dielectric layer 13 can be made of micro-nano porous materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Teflon, AF series fluoropolymer materials, Hyflon series fluoropolymer materials, etc.
  • the thickness is generally 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m .
  • a lubricating interface layer can be further provided on the dielectric layer 13.
  • the dielectric layer 13 can be immersed in lubricating oil (such as silicone oil) to make lubrication. The oil is poured into the porous structure of the dielectric layer 13 to form an ultra-lubricated interface.
  • the droplet directional transportation device may further include a power supply assembly 16, and the two stages of the power supply assembly 16 are electrically connected to the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 15 respectively.
  • the droplet directional transportation device itself may not include a power supply component, and it can be used in conjunction with an external power supply component when in use.
  • the droplet directional transportation device of this embodiment adopts the above radial interdigital electrodes.
  • the radial interdigital design of the electrodes can generate electric field intensity gradients. , Causing a gradient in wettability. Since the closer to the radial center, the smaller the distance between adjacent electrodes, the higher the electric field intensity at the center position, and the better the surface wettability of the dielectric layer 13 near the center of the radial interdigital electrode. This difference in wettability can drive the droplets on the surface of the dielectric layer 13 to move to the center, thereby achieving directional transportation.
  • the frequency of the applied driving waveform the driving conversion of the conductive liquid and the insulating liquid can be realized; and adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage can flexibly control the transportation speed of the droplets.
  • the interdigital electrodes 12 in the droplet directional transportation device shown in FIG. 1 adopt radial interdigital electrodes.
  • interdigital electrodes of other structures may also be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interdigital electrode used in another embodiment of the droplet directional transportation device of the present invention.
  • the interdigital electrode includes a first electrode 24 and a second electrode 25.
  • the first electrode 24 includes a plurality of first fingers 241 and a first connection portion 242 for connecting each of the first fingers 241.
  • the second electrode 25 includes a plurality of second fingers 251 and a second connecting portion 252 for connecting each second finger 251, the first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 252 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the first finger 241 Extending from the first connecting portion 242 toward the second connecting portion 252, the second finger portion 251 extending from the second connecting portion 252 toward the first connecting portion 242, the first finger portion 241 and the second finger portion 251 are alternately arranged at intervals, and The distance between the adjacent first finger portion 241 and the second finger portion 251 gradually changes along the extending direction of the first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 252. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the distance between the adjacent first finger portion 241 and the second finger portion 251 is along the extending direction of the first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 252 from left to right. Gradually increase. In other embodiments, it can also be designed such that the distance between the adjacent first finger portion 241 and the second finger portion 251 is gradually reduced along the extending direction of the first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 252, or first gradually. It gradually decreases after increasing, or first gradually decreases and then gradually increases, or gradually increases and gradually decreases alternately, etc.
  • the specific changing manner of the distance between the adjacent first finger portion 241 and the second finger portion 251 can be designed according to the transportation requirements of the droplets, which is not limited.
  • the interdigital electrode shown in FIG. 3 can be used instead of the interdigital electrode in the droplet directional transportation device shown in FIG.
  • a DC or AC voltage is applied to the second electrode 25, because the distance between the adjacent first finger 241 and the second finger 251 on the interdigital electrode gradually changes along the extending direction of the first connection portion 242 and the second connection portion 252 , The smaller the distance between adjacent electrodes, the higher the electric field intensity at the corresponding position, and the better the wettability of the surface of the dielectric layer at the corresponding position.
  • This difference in wettability can drive the droplets on the surface of the dielectric layer to Corresponding to the movement of the adjacent first finger 241 and the second finger 251 at a small distance, so as to realize directional transportation; by adjusting the frequency of the external driving waveform, the driving conversion of the conductive liquid and the insulating liquid can be realized, and the amplitude of the applied voltage can be adjusted The value can flexibly control the transportation speed of the droplets.

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Abstract

一种液滴定向运输装置，包括绝缘基底（11）、叉指电极（12）和电介质层（13）；叉指电极（12）设于绝缘基底（11）上，包括第一电极（14）和第二电极（15），第一电极（14）具有至少两个第一指部（141），第二电极（15）具有至少一个第二指部（151）；第一指部（141）和第二指部（151）间隔交错排布，且相邻的第一指部（141）和第二指部（151）之间的距离逐渐改变；电介质层（13）覆设于叉指电极（12）上。

Description

一种液滴定向运输装置 技术领域
本发明涉及液滴定向运输技术领域，尤其是涉及一种液滴定向运输装置。
背景技术
实现液滴的定向运输在如传热、自清洁、生物分析和芯片实验室设备等众多科学领域中有着广泛的应用前景。目前已经研究出了许多液滴定向运输的方法，但大多数只能实现单一种类的液体(主要是导电液体)的运输，而无法实现较宽范围的液体体系(包括导电液体和绝缘液体)的定向运输，并且不能灵活地控制液滴运输的速度，这些都极大地限制了液滴运输的应用发展。
目前，实现液滴定向运输的驱动方式主要有两种，一种是利用不对称化学成分或物理结构产生润湿梯度的被动驱动，另外一种是在外部刺激如光、电场或磁场等作用下产生的主动驱动。其中，被动驱动是依靠表面的各向异性润湿性，主要是不对称化学成分或物理结构造成的表面润湿性的差异，即液滴两侧的接触角差异，实现液滴的定向运输，这种被动驱动无法灵活地控制液滴的运输速度。主动驱动通过外部刺激如光、电场或磁场等产生的润湿性梯度实现液滴的定向运输。目前的主动驱动方式一般只能进行单一种类液体驱动，无法同时实现导电液体和绝缘液体的定向运输。因此，迫切需要研发出一种可灵活操控速度，同时可实现导电液体和绝缘液体等宽液体材料体系的定向运输方法或装置。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种液滴定向运输装置，能够实现覆盖导电液体和绝缘液体的宽液体材料体系的定向运输。
第一方面，本发明的一个实施例提供了一种液滴定向运输装置，包括：
绝缘基底；
叉指电极，设于所述绝缘基底上；所述叉指电极包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极具有至少两个第一指部，所述第二电极具有至少一个第二指部；所述第一指部和所述第二指部间隔交错排布，且相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指 部之间的距离逐渐改变；
电介质层，覆设于所述叉指电极上。
本发明实施例的液滴定向运输装置至少具有如下有益效果：该液滴定向运输装置通过在绝缘基底和电介质层之间设置叉指电极，叉指电极上第一电极的第一指部与第二电极的第二指部间隔交错排布，且相邻的第一指部和第二指部之间的距离逐渐改变，采用以上叉指电极，通过电源组件向第一电极和第二电极通电时，可产生电场强度梯度，从而引起润湿性梯度，相邻的第一指部和第二指部之间的距离越小，对应区域的电场强度越高，进而其附近区域的润湿性也更高，这种润湿性的差异会使液滴向对应叉指电极上相邻第一指部和第二指部间距小的方向移动，从而可实现定向运输。此外，通过调节电源组件的驱动波形的频率，可实现导电液体和绝缘液体驱动的变换；而调节外加电压的幅值大小可灵活调控液体的运输速度。
由上，该液滴定向运输装置通过以上叉指电极的设置以引入电场致润湿性梯度，可通过电源组件驱动波形频率的调控实现覆盖导电液体和绝缘液体的宽范围液体材料体系的定向输运；并且通过外场非接触的操控方式，液滴的运输速度可以通过施加电压的幅值加以灵活控制，对液滴体积的依赖性不高；且该装置结构简单，制造工艺控制难度和成本较低，易于推广应用。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述第一电极包括若干个第一指部和用于连接各所述第一指部的第一连接部，所述第二电极包括若干个第二指部和用于连接各所述第二指部的第二连接部；所述第二连接部和所述第一连接部间隔设置，且所述第一指部自所述第一连接部朝所述第二连接部延伸，所述第二指部自所述第二连接部朝所述第一连接部延伸，所述第一指部和所述第二指部间隔交错排布。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述叉指电极为径向叉指电极；所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部径向内外间隔设置，所述第二连接部绕设于所述第一连接部的径向外侧，所述第二指部自所述第二连接部径向往内朝所述第一连接部延伸，所述第一指部自所述第一连接部径向往外朝所述第二连接部延伸。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述第一连接部和所述第 二连接部同心间隔设置。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指部之间的夹角小于或等于30°。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部平行间隔设置，相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指部之间的距离沿所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部的延伸方向逐渐改变。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述电介质层的材料为微纳米多孔材料，如含氟聚合物、聚二甲基硅氧烷等。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述电介质层上设有润滑界面层。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，所述绝缘基底为刚性绝缘基底。
根据本发明的另一些实施例的液滴定向运输装置，还包括电源组件，所述电源组件的两极分别与所述第一电极和所述第二电极电性连接。
附图说明
图1是本发明液滴定向运输装置一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1中的Ⅱ-Ⅱ截面的剖视图；
图3是本发明液滴定向运输装置另一实施例中叉指电极的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然，所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，基于本发明的实施例，本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明实施例的描述中，如果涉及到方位描述，例如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明实施例的描述中，如果某一特征被称为“设置”、“固定”、“连接”、 “安装”在另一个特征，它可以直接设置、固定、连接在另一个特征上，也可以间接地设置、固定、连接、安装在另一个特征上。在本发明实施例的描述中，如果涉及到“若干”，其含义是一个以上，如果涉及到“多个”，其含义是两个以上，如果涉及到“大于”、“小于”、“超过”，均应理解为不包括本数，如果涉及到“以上”、“以下”、“以内”，均应理解为包括本数。如果涉及到“第一”、“第二”，应当理解为用于区分技术特征，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
请参照图1和图2，图1为本发明液滴定向运输装置一实施例的结构示意图，图2是图1中的Ⅱ-Ⅱ截面的剖视图。如图1和图2所示，该液滴定向运输装置包括绝缘基底11、叉指电极12和电介质层13；叉指电极12设于绝缘基底11上，叉指电极12包括第一电极14和第二电极15，第一电极14具有至少两个第一指部141，第二电极15具有至少一个第二指部151；第一指部141和第二指部151间隔交错排布，且相邻的第一指部141和第二指部151之间的距离逐渐改变；电介质层13覆设于叉指电极12上。
绝缘基底11的材质一般采用刚性绝缘材料，通常采用玻璃基底。
在本实施例中，叉指电极12为径向叉指电极，其包括第一电极14和第二电极15，第一电极14包括六个第一指部141和连接各第一指部141的第一连接部142，第二电极15包括六个第二指部151和连接各第二指部151的第二连接部152，第一连接部142和第二连接部152径向内外间隔设置，第二连接部152绕设于第一连接部142的径向外侧，第二指部151自第二连接部152径向往内朝第一连接部142延伸，第一指部141自第一连接部142径向往外朝第二连接部152延伸。相邻的第一指部141和第二指部151之间的距离沿第一指部141自第一连接部142朝第二连接部152的延伸方向逐渐增大。
在本实施例中，第一连接部142和第二连接部152同心间隔设置，第二连接部152呈圆环形。而在其他实施例，第二连接部152可设计为椭圆形、扇形等形状，第一连接部142和第二连接部152间隔设置，且第二连接部152绕设于第一连接部142的外侧，第二指部151自第二连接部152朝第一连接部142延伸，第一指部141自第一连接部142朝第二连接部152延伸。
另外，叉指电极12中第一电极14和第二电极15的指部个数可根据实际需 要进行设置。例如可设计成：第一指部141为两个，第二指部151为一个、两个或三个；或者，第一指部141为四个，第二指部151为三个、四个或五个等。相邻的第一指部141和第二指部151之间的夹角一般小于或等于30°。第一指部141和第二指部151的宽度通常为微米级别，如可设计为20μm。叉指电极12可采用ITO、Cu/Ag等薄膜电极材料制成。
电介质层13的材质可采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、特氟隆、AF系列含氟聚合物材料、Hyflon系列含氟聚合物材料等微纳米多孔材料，其厚度一般为10±1μm。为了减少液滴运输过程中的接触角滞后，实现液滴的无损运输，可进一步在电介质层13上设置润滑界面层，具体可将电介质层13浸润到润滑油(如硅油)中，以使润滑油灌入电介质层13的多孔结构中，形成超润滑界面。
在本实施例中，液滴定向运输装置还可包括电源组件16，电源组件16的两级分别与第一电极14和第二电极15电性连接。当然，在其他实施例中，液滴定向运输装置本身也可不包含电源组件，使用时再配合外部电源组件使用。
本实施例液滴定向运输装置采用以上径向叉指电极，通过向叉指电极12的第一电极14和第二电极15施加直流或交流电压，电极的径向交指设计可以产生电场强度梯度，从而引起润湿性梯度。由于越靠近径向中心，相邻电极之间的距离越小，因此在中心位置的电场强度也会更高，进而对应径向叉指电极中心附近的电介质层13表面润湿性也更好，这种润湿性差异可驱动电介质层13表面的液滴向中心移动，从而实现定向运输。通过调节所施加驱动波形的频率，可实现导电液体和绝缘液体驱动的变换；而调节所施加电压的幅值大小和频率等可灵活控制液滴的运输速度。
图1所示的液滴定向运输装置中叉指电极12采用径向叉指电极，在其他实施例中，也可采用其他结构的叉指电极。例如，请参阅图3，图3是本发明液滴定向运输装置另一实施例中所采用的叉指电极的结构示意图。如图3所示，该叉指电极包括第一电极24和第二电极25，第一电极24包括多个个第一指部241和用于连接各第一指部241的第一连接部242，第二电极25包括多个第二指部251和用于连接各第二指部251的第二连接部252，第一连接部242和第二连接部252平行间隔设置，第一指部241自第一连接部242朝第二连接部252延伸，第二指部251自第二连接部252朝第一连接部242延伸，第一指部241和第二指 部251间隔交错排布，且相邻的第一指部241和第二指部251之间的距离沿第一连接部242和第二连接部252的延伸方向逐渐改变。具体如图3所示，在本实施例中，相邻的第一指部241和第二指部251之间的距离沿第一连接部242和第二连接部252自左向右的延伸方向逐渐增大。在其他实施例中，也可设计为相邻的第一指部241和第二指部251之间的距离沿第一连接部242和第二连接部252的延伸方向逐渐减小，或先逐渐增大后逐渐减小，或先逐渐减小后逐渐增大，或者逐渐增大和逐渐减少交替等。相邻的第一指部241和第二指部251之间间距的具体改变方式可根据液滴的运输要求进行设计，对此不作限定。
可采用图3所示叉指电极代替图1所示液滴定向运输装置中的叉指电极，以构成液滴定向运输装置，使用过程中可通过电源组件向叉指电极的第一电极24和第二电极25施加直流或交流电压，由于叉指电极上相邻的第一指部241和第二指部251之间的距离沿第一连接部242和第二连接部252的延伸方向逐渐改变，相邻电极之间的距离越小，对应位置的电场强度也会越高，进而对应位置的电介质层表面的润湿性越好，这种润湿性差异可驱动电介质层表面的液滴向对应相邻第一指部241和第二指部251间距小的位置移动，从而实现定向运输；通过调节外加驱动波形的频率，可实现导电液体和绝缘液体驱动的变换，而调节外加电压的幅值大小可灵活控制液滴的运输速度。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施例，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，包括：
    绝缘基底；
    叉指电极，设于所述绝缘基底上；所述叉指电极包括第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极具有至少两个第一指部，所述第二电极具有至少一个第二指部；所述第一指部和所述第二指部间隔交错排布，且相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指部之间的距离逐渐改变；
    电介质层，覆设于所述叉指电极上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述第一电极包括若干个第一指部和用于连接各所述第一指部的第一连接部，所述第二电极包括若干个第二指部和用于连接各所述第二指部的第二连接部；所述第二连接部和所述第一连接部间隔设置，且所述第一指部自所述第一连接部朝所述第二连接部延伸，所述第二指部自所述第二连接部朝所述第一连接部延伸，所述第一指部和所述第二指部间隔交错排布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述叉指电极为径向叉指电极；所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部径向内外间隔设置，所述第二连接部绕设于所述第一连接部的径向外侧，所述第二指部自所述第二连接部径向往内朝所述第一连接部延伸，所述第一指部自所述第一连接部径向往外朝所述第二连接部延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部同心间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指部之间的夹角小于或等于30°。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部平行间隔设置，相邻的所述第一指部和所述第二指部之间的距离沿所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部的延伸方向逐渐改变。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述电介质层的材料为微纳米多孔材料。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述电介质层上设有润滑界面层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，所述绝缘基底为刚性绝缘基底。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的液滴定向运输装置，其特征在于，还包括电源组 件，所述电源组件的两极分别与所述第一电极和所述第二电极电性连接。
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