Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

• CDK9 inhibitors have shown promise as small molecule cancer therapeutics, their potential utility has been limited by poor targeting to cancerous tissue and resulting peripheral exposure. Accordingly, there is a need for the development of CDK9 inhibitors as small molecule cancer therapeutics with improved targeting.
• Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl;
• X 1 is selected from N and CR 11 ;
• X 2 is selected from N and CR 12 ;
• X 3 is selected from N and CR 13 ;
• X 4 is selected from N and CR 14 ;
• R 1 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci- 4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , - S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0
• each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci- 4 alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, Ci- 4 heteroalkyl, Ci- 4 haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 3 is selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , - S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , - NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci. 6 heteroalkyl, Ci.
• each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci- 4 alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, Ci- 4 heteroalkyl, Ci- 4 haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 4 is selected from Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(
• R 4 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 heteroalkyl, Ci-
• each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , -CN, -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S02NR 16 R 17 , - C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -(Ci-4alkyl)0C(0)(Ci.
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl;
• R 5 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci- 4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -(Ci-4alkyl)C3-6cycloalkyl, -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -(Ci- 4alkyl)C6-ioaryl, and -(Ci-4alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci ⁇ heteroalkyl, Ci.4haloalkyl, -
• R 6 and R 7 along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are taken together to form a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and - NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci- 6heteroalkyl, and Ci-6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci ⁇ heteroalkyl, Ci ⁇ haloalky
• Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl and 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is C3-6cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is N. In some embodiments, none of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is N.
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)OR 18 , - NR 19 C(0)R 18 , Ci- 6 alkyl, and Ci- 6 haloalkyl.
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , - C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , and -NR 19 C(0)R 18 .
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , and -NR 16 R 17 .
• R 11 is chloro
• R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each H.
• R 1 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is Me. In some embodiments, R 1 is H.
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -SO 2 R 15 , - NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)OR 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci-ealkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl.
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OH, -OMe, -OEt, -NH 2 , - NHMe, -NMe 2 , Me, Et, n- Pr, z-Pr, -CF 3 , and cyclopropyl.
• R 2 is Me.
• R 3 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
• R 3 is selected from H, Me, Et, -CF 3 , and cyclopropyl.
• R 3 is H.
• R 2 is Me and R 3 is H.
• R 4 is selected from C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -O(C 0-4 alkyl)C(O)NR 19 SO 2 R 15 , -O(C 0 - 4 alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)(3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 6 -io
• R 4 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci. 6 haloalkyl, and C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl and cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, -OR 18 , -CN, and -NR 16 R 17 ; or R 3 is H; and
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 4 is selected from 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 , -0(Co-4alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -0(Co-4alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10- membered heteroaryl) and -(Ci- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalky
• R 4 and R 4 are both H; or
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 4 is selected from 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10- membered heteroaryl) and -(Ci- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo
• R 4 and R 4 are both H.
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4’ , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 5 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C3-6cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is Me. In some embodiments, R 5 is H.
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, -(Ci-4alkyl)C3-6cycloalkyl, -(Ci-
• each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ; or
• R 6 and R 7 along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are taken together to form a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and -
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H and -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl); wherein each alkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, -OR 18 , - CN, and -NR 20 R 21 .
• one of R 6 and R 7 is H and the other i
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, - OR 18 , -SO2R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)OR 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 S0 2 R 15 .
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, - CN, -OR 18 , and -NR 16 R 17 .
• R 8 and R 9 are both H.
• n is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, n is 0.
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-A):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-B):
• Formula (I-B) the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-C), Formula (I-D), Formula (I-E), or Formula (I-F):
• the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
• composition comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• a method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.
• the disease or disorder is cancer.
• the cancer is selected from leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and liver cancer.
• the cancer is liver cancer.
• FIG 1 shows ratios of compound concentrations in liver versus blood in CD-I mice following a single oral administration dose of 5 mg/kg compound suspension.
• FIG 2 shows ratios of compound concentrations in blood collected from jugular vein versus portal vein in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following a single oral administration dose of 5 mg/kg compound suspension.
• FIG 3 shows mean weight changes (relative to day 1) of BALB/c nude mice treated with vehicle and compounds.
• C x.y when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is meant to include groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain.
• Ci- 6 alkyl refers to substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups that contain from 1 to 6 carbons.
• -C x.y alkylene- refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene chain with from x to y carbons in the alkylene chain.
• -Ci- 6 alkylene- may be selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, and hexylene, any one of which is optionally substituted.
• Alkyl refers to substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups.
• An alkyl group may contain from one to twelve carbon atoms (e.g., Ci-12 alkyl), such as one to eight carbon atoms (Ci- 8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (Ci- 6 alkyl).
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, septyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.
• An alkyl group is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as those substituents described herein.
• Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group that is substituted by one or more halogens. Exemplary haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, and 1,2-dibromoethyl.
• Alkenyl refers to substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, including straight- chain or branched-chain alkenyl groups containing at least one double bond. An alkenyl group may contain from two to twelve carbon atoms (e.g., C2-12 alkenyl).
• alkenyl groups include ethenyl (i.e., vinyl), prop-l-enyl, but-l-enyl, pent-l-enyl, penta-l,4-dienyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as those substituents described herein.
• Alkynyl refers to substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, including straight- chain or branched-chain alkynyl groups containing at least one triple bond.
• An alkynyl group may contain from two to twelve carbon atoms (e.g., C2-12 alkynyl).
• Exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as those substituents described herein.
• Heteroalkyl refers to substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups which respectively have one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon.
• Exemplary skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon include, e.g., O, N, P, Si, S, or combinations thereof, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quatemized. If given, a numerical range refers to the chain length in total.
• a 3- to 8-membered heteroalkyl has a chain length of 3 to 8 atoms. Connection to the rest of the molecule may be through either a heteroatom or a carbon in the heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl or heteroalkynyl chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroalkynyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents such as those substituents described herein.
• Aryl refers to an aromatic ring wherein each of the atoms forming the ring is a carbon atom.
• Aryl groups can be optionally substituted.
• aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl and naphthyl. In some embodiments, the aryl is phenyl.
• an aryl group can be a monoradical or a diradical (i.e., an arylene group).
• the term “aryl” or the prefix “ar-”(such as in “aralkyl”) is meant to include aryl radicals that are optionally substituted.
• Heteroaryl refers to a 3- to 12-membered aromatic ring that comprises at least one heteroatom wherein each heteroatom may be independently selected from N, O, and S.
• the heteroaryl ring may be selected from monocyclic or bicyclic and fused or bridged ring systems wherein at least one of the rings in the ring system is aromatic, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2) p-electron system in accordance with the Hiickel theory.
• the heteroatom(s) in the heteroaryl may be optionally oxidized.
• One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized.
• heteroaryl may be attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the heteroaryl, valence permitting, such as a carbon or nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl.
• heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzindolyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzo[d]thiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[6][l,4]dioxepinyl, benzo[b][l,4]oxazinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benz
• cycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic non-aromatic radical, wherein each of the atoms forming the ring (i.e. skeletal atoms) is a carbon atom.
• cycloalkyls are saturated or partially unsaturated.
• cycloalkyls are spirocyclic or bridged compounds.
• cycloalkyls are fused with an aromatic ring (in which case the cycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring carbon atom).
• Cycloalkyl groups include groups having from 3 to 10 ring atoms.
• cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to ten carbon atoms, from three to eight carbon atoms, from three to six carbon atoms, or from three to five carbon atoms.
• Monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
• Polycyclic radicals include, for example, adamantyl, 1,2-dihydronaphthalenyl, 1,4- dihydronaphthalenyl, tetrainyl, decalinyl, 3,4-dihydronaphthalenyl-l(2H)-one, spiro[2.2]pentyl, norbomyl and bicycle[l.l.l]pentyl. Unless otherwise stated specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• heterocycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• the heterocycloalkyl radical may be a monocyclic, or bicyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the heterocycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems.
• the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized.
• the nitrogen atom may be optionally quatemized.
• the heterocycloalkyl radical may be partially or fully saturated.
• heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[l,3]dithianyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, decahydroquinolyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl,
• heterocycloalkyl also includes all ring forms of carbohydrates, including but not limited to monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Unless otherwise noted, heterocycloalkyls have from 2 to 12 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocycloalkyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycloalkyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocycloalkyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocycloalkyl ring). Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• substituted refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons or heteroatoms of the structure. It will be understood that “substitution” or
• substituted with includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
• substituted is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds.
• the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds.
• the permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.
• the heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms.
• Substituents can include any substituents described herein, for example, a halogen, a hydroxyl, a carbonyl (such as a carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, a formyl, or an acyl), a thiocarbonyl (such as a thioester, a thioacetate, or a thioformate), an alkoxyl, a phosphoryl, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, an amino, an amido, an amidine, an imine, a cyano, a nitro, an azido, a sulfhydryl, an alkylthio, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfamo
• substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted,” references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to a “heteroaryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants. [0050] Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulae, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left, e.g., -CH2O- is equivalent to -OCH2-.
• “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
• “optionally substituted aryl” means that the aryl group may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl groups and aryl groups having no substitution.
• Compounds of the present disclosure also include crystalline and amorphous forms of those compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and active metabolites of these compounds having the same type of activity, including, for example, polymorphs, pseudopolymorphs, solvates, hydrates, unsolvated polymorphs (including anhydrates), conformational polymorphs, and amorphous forms of the compounds, as well as mixtures thereof.
• the compounds described herein may exhibit their natural isotopic abundance, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
• hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 3 ⁇ 4 (protium),
• Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and/or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism.
• Isotopically-enriched compounds may be prepared by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space.
• Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are non superimposable mirror images of each other.
• a 1 : 1 mixture of a pair of enantiomers is a “racemic” mixture.
• the term “( ⁇ )” is used to designate a racemic mixture where appropriate.
• “Diastereoisomers” or “diastereomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms but are not mirror images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system.
• stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S.
• Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro- or levorotatory) in which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line.
• Certain compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms, the asymmetric centers of which can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-.
• Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers can be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.
• the optical activity of a compound can be analyzed via any suitable method, including but not limited to chiral chromatography and polarimetry, and the degree of predominance of one stereoisomer over the other isomer can be determined.
• Chemical entities having carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds may exist in Z- or E- form (or cis- or trans- form). Furthermore, some chemical entities may exist in various tautomeric forms. Unless otherwise specified, chemical entities described herein are intended to include all Z-, E- and tautomeric forms as well.
• Isolation and purification of the chemical entities and intermediates described herein can be effected, if desired, by any suitable separation or purification procedure such as, for example, filtration, extraction, crystallization, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography or thick-layer chromatography, or a combination of these procedures.
• suitable separation and isolation procedures can be had by reference to the examples herein below. However, other equivalent separation or isolation procedures can also be used.
• certain small molecules described herein include, but are not limited to, when possible, their isomers, such as enantiomers and diastereomers, mixtures of enantiomers, including racemates, mixtures of diastereomers, and other mixtures thereof, to the extent they can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art by routine experimentation.
• the single enantiomers or diastereomers, i.e., optically active forms can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis or by resolution of the racemates or mixtures of diastereomers.
• Racemates or mixtures of diastereomers can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography, using, for example, a chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column.
• HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography
• a mixture of two enantiomers enriched in one of the two can be purified to provide further optically enriched form of the major enantiomer by recrystallization and/or trituration.
• certain small molecules include Z- and in forms (or cis- and trans- forms) of certain small molecules with carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds.
• the term “certain small molecule” is intended to include all tautomeric forms of the certain small molecule.
• salt or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids.
• Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
• Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases.
• Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like.
• Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt is chosen from ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts.
• phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used herein means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient.
• materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide;
• the term “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of a compound described herein that is sufficient to affect the intended application, including but not limited to disease treatment, as defined below.
• the therapeutically effective amount may vary depending upon the intended treatment application (in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• the term also applies to a dose that will induce a particular response in target cells, e.g., reduction of platelet adhesion and/or cell migration.
• the specific dose will vary depending on the particular compounds chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of administration, the tissue to which it is administered, and the physical delivery system in which it is carried.
• treatment refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results with respect to a disease, disorder, or medical condition including but not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit.
• a therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated.
• a therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder.
• the compositions are administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.
• a prophylactic effect includes delaying or eliminating the appearance of a disease or condition, delaying or eliminating the onset of symptoms of a disease or condition, slowing, halting, or reversing the progression of a disease or condition, or any combination thereof.
• co-administration encompass administration of two or more agents to an animal, including humans, so that both agents and/or their metabolites are present in the subject at the same time.
• Co-administration includes simultaneous administration in separate compositions, administration at different times in separate compositions, or administration in a composition in which both agents are present.
• antagonists are used interchangeably, and they refer to a compound having the ability to inhibit a biological function (e.g., activity, expression, binding, protein-protein interaction) of a target protein or enzyme. Accordingly, the terms “antagonist” and “inhibitor” are defined in the context of the biological role of the target protein. While preferred antagonists herein specifically interact with (e.g., bind to) the target, compounds that inhibit a biological activity of the target protein by interacting with other members of the signal transduction pathway of which the target protein is a member are also specifically included within this definition. A preferred biological activity inhibited by an antagonist is associated with the development, growth, or spread of a tumor.
• a biological function e.g., activity, expression, binding, protein-protein interaction
• Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl;
• X 1 is selected from N and CR 11 ;
• X 2 is selected from N and CR 12 ;
• X 3 is selected from N and CR 13 ;
• X 4 is selected from N and CR 14 ;
• R 1 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci- 4 alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, Ci- 4 heteroalkyl, Ci- 4 haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , - S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , - NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci.
• each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci- 4 alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, Ci- 4 heteroalkyl, Ci- 4 haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 3 is selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , - S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , - NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci.
• each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci- 4 alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, Ci- 4 heteroalkyl, Ci- 4 haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 4 is selected from Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2-6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(
• R 4 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2 ⁇ heteroalkyl, Ci-
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl;
• R 5 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci- 4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -(Ci-4alkyl)C3-6cycloalkyl, -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -(Ci- 4alkyl)C6-ioaryl, and -(Ci-4alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci ⁇ heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN
• R 6 and R 7 along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are taken together to form a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and - NR 20 R 21 ;
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -S0 2 R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci- 6heteroalkyl, and Ci-6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, each R 10 is independently selected from halo, -CN, -OR 18 ,
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , - NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , Ci-ealkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, Ci.
• each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ; each R 15 is independently selected from Ci-4alkyl, Ci.4haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl; each R 16 and R 17 is independently selected from H, Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci- 4haloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl;
• Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -ioaryl, and 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, and C 6 -ioaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from C3-6cycloalkyl and 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
• Ring A is 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is C 6 -ioaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is C3-6cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is In some embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A is
• Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A is
• Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A , . In some embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments,
• Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring some embodiments, Ring
• Ring some embodiments, Ring A is
• Ring some embodiments, Ring A is , embodiments, Ring A is , g . In some embodiments, Ring A is In some embodiments, Ring A is ome embodiments, Ring A is . In some embodiments, Ring
• none of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is N. In some embodiments, one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is N. In some embodiments, two of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, three of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are all N. In some embodiments, X 1 is N. In some embodiments, X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X 3 is N. In some embodiments, X 4 is N.
• X 1 and X 2 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 and X 3 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 2 and X 3 are N. In some embodiments, X 2 and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 3 and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N. In some embodiments, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are N.
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)OR 18 , - NR 19 C(0)R 18 , Ci- 6 alkyl, and Ci- 6 haloalkyl.
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , - C(0)R 18 , -C(0)OR 18 , and -NR 19 C(0)R 18 .
• R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, -OR 18 , and -NR 16 R 17 .
• one of R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 is halo and the others are H.
• R 11 is chloro
• R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each H.
• R 1 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C3-6cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is Ci- 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is Ci- 6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C3-6cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is selected from H, Me, Et, n- Pr, /- Pr, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
• R 1 is selected from H, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is selected from Me, Et, n- Pr, and /-Pr. In some embodiments, R 1 is Me. In some embodiments,
• R 1 is H.
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OR 18 , -SOR 15 , -SO2R 15 , - NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)R 18 , -C(0)OR 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , Ci-ealkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl.
• R 2 is selected from halo, -CN, -OH, -OMe, -OEt, -NH2, - NHMe, -NMe 2 , Me, Et, n- Pr, /-Pr, -CF 3 , and cyclopropyl.
• R 2 is selected from Me, Et, n- Pr, and /-Pr.
• R 2 is Me.
• R 2 is -CF 3.
• R 2 is cyclopropyl.
• R 3 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
• R 3 is Ci- 6 alkyl.
• R 3 is Ci- 6 haloalkyl.
• R 3 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
• R 3 is 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
• R 3 is selected from H, Me, Et, -CF 3 , and cyclopropyl.
• R 3 is H.
• R 3 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
• R 3 is Me. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CF 3.
• R 2 is Me and R 3 is H.
• R 4 is selected from C 6 -ioaryl, 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -0(Co-4alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -O(C 0 - 4 alkyl)S0 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)(3- to 10- membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C 6 -ioaryl,
• R 4 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl and cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, -OR 18 , -CN, and -NR 16 R 17 ; or
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 4 is selected from 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co-
• each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from Ci- 4 alkyl, oxo, halo, -OR 18 , -CN, -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , - S0 2 NR 16 R 17 ,-C(0)0R 18 , -(Ci- 4 alkyl)0C(0)(Ci.
• R 4 alkyl -(Ci- 4 alkyl)0C(0)0R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -NR 19 C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , and -NR 19 S0 2 NR 16 R 17 ; and R 4 and R 4 are both H; or R 3 is H; and
• R 4 , R 4 , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 4 is selected from 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C 6 -ioaryl, -0(Co- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 , -0(Co- 4 alkyl)C(0)NR 19 S0 2 R 15 , -O(C 0-4 alkyl)SO 2 NR 19 C(0)R 18 , -0(C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl)(6- to 10-membered heteroaryl), -0(C 3-6 cycloalkyl)C(0)OR 18 , -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(6- to 10- membered heteroaryl) and -(Ci- 4 alkyl)C(0)0R 18 ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4’ , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4’ , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form -C(0)R 18 or 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 3 is H
• R 4 , R 4’ , and R 4 are taken together, along with the carbon atom to which they are attached, to form 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl.
• R 5 is selected from H, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
• R 5 is Ci- 6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is Ci- 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is Me, Et, zz-Pr, or z-Pr. In some embodiments, R 5 is Me. In some embodiments, R 5 is H. [0080] In some embodiments,
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, -(Ci-4alkyl)C3-6cycloalkyl, -(Ci- 4 alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl), -(Ci-4alkyl)C6-ioaryl, and -(Ci-4alkyl)(6- to 10- membered heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, - OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and -NR 20 R 21 ; or
• R 6 and R 7 along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are taken together to form a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from oxo, halo, -OR 18 , Ci-4alkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, Ci-4heteroalkyl, Ci-4haloalkyl, -CN, and -
• R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H and -(Ci- 4alkyl)(3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl); wherein each alkyl and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, -OR 18 , - CN, and -NR 20 R 21 .
• one of R 6 and R 7 is H and the other i some
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, -CN, - OR 18 , -SO2R 15 , -NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)NR 16 R 17 , -S0 2 NR 16 R 17 , -C(0)OR 18 , -NR 19 C(0)R 18 , - NR 19 S0 2 R 15 .
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, halo, - CN, -OR 18 , and -NR 16 R 17 .
• R 8 and R 9 are both H.
• n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, n is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4.
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-A):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-B):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-C), Formula (I-D), Formula (I-E), or Formula (I-F):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-C):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-D):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-E):
• the compound of Formula (I) is represented by Formula (I-F):
• the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
• the compound is ome embodiments, the compound is some embodiments, the compound is some embodiments, the compound is , ,
• the compound is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-N-phenyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
• the compound is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-N-phenyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
• the compound is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-N-phenyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
• composition comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• a method of treating a disease or disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.
• the disease or disorder is cancer.
• the cancer is selected from leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and liver cancer.
• the cancer is leukemia.
• the cancer is breast cancer.
• the cancer is prostate cancer.
• the cancer is ovarian cancer.
• the cancer is colon cancer.
• the cancer is cervical cancer.
• the cancer is lung cancer.
• the cancer is lymphoma.
• the cancer is liver cancer.
• the present invention provides a method for treating a proliferative disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a compound having Formula (I), as disclosed further herein.
• the method for treating the proliferative disorder comprises administering to said subject a CDK9 inhibitor.
• the compound having Formula (I) is the CDK9 inhibitor.
• the proliferative disorder is a cancer condition.
• said cancer condition is a cancer selected from the group consisting of leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and liver cancer.
• said cancer condition is liver cancer.
• the CDK9 inhibitors disclosed herein are highly targeted to the liver. In some embodiments, the CDK9 inhibitors disclosed herein have superior liver targeting as compared with known CDK9 inhibitors. In some embodiments, the CDK9 inhibitors disclosed herein accumulate in the liver while avoiding peripheral exposure to nearby tissues. In some embodiments, the CDK9 inhibitors disclosed herein have reduced peripheral exposure to nearby tissues as compared with known CDK9 inhibitors. In some embodiments, the CDK9 inhibitors disclosed herein have reduced toxicity as compared with known CDK9 inhibitors.
• the present invention provides a method of treating a cancer condition, wherein the compound having Formula (I) (e.g., a CDK9 inhibitor) is effective in one or more method of inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells, inhibiting metastasis of cancer cells, reducing severity or incidence of symptoms associated with the presence of cancer cells, and promoting an immune response to tumor cells.
• said method comprises administering to the cancer cells a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula (I).
• the compound having Formula (I) is a CDK9 inhibitor.
• the administration takes place in vitro. In other embodiments, the administration takes place in vivo.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a CDK9 inhibitor refers to an amount sufficient to effect the intended application, including but not limited to, disease treatment, as defined herein. Also contemplated in the subject methods is the use of a sub- therapeutic amount of a CDK9 inhibitor for treating an intended disease condition.
• the amount of the CDK9 inhibitor administered may vary depending upon the intended application ⁇ in vitro or in vivo ), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• Measuring inhibition of biological effects of CDK9 can comprise performing an assay on a biological sample, such as a sample from a subject. Any of a variety of samples may be selected, depending on the assay. Examples of samples include, but are not limited to, blood samples (e.g. blood plasma or serum), exhaled breath condensate samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum samples, urine samples, and tissue samples.
• samples include, but are not limited to, blood samples (e.g. blood plasma or serum), exhaled breath condensate samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum samples, urine samples, and tissue samples.
• a subject being treated with a CDK9 inhibitor may be monitored to determine the effectiveness of treatment, and the treatment regimen may be adjusted based on the subject’s physiological response to treatment. For example, if inhibition of a biological effect of CDK9 degradation is above or below a threshold, the dosing amount or frequency may be decreased or increased, respectively.
• the methods can further comprise continuing the therapy if the therapy is determined to be efficacious.
• the methods can comprise maintaining, tapering, reducing, or stopping the administered amount of a compound in the therapy if the therapy is determined to be efficacious.
• the methods can comprise increasing the administered amount of a compound in the therapy if it is determined not to be efficacious. Alternatively, the methods can comprise stopping therapy if it is determined not to be efficacious.
• treatment with a CDK9 inhibitor is discontinued if inhibition of the biological effect is above or below a threshold, such as in a lack of response or an adverse reaction.
• the biological effect may be a change in any of a variety of physiological indicators.
• a CDK9 inhibitor is a compound that inhibits one or more biological effects of CDK9. Such biological effects may be inhibited by about or more than about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or more.
• the subject methods are useful for treating a disease condition associated with CDK9.
• a disease condition associated with CDK9 Any disease condition that results directly or indirectly from an abnormal activity or expression level of CDK9 can be an intended disease condition.
• the disease condition is a proliferative disorder, such as described herein, including but not limited to cancer.
• the disease condition is cancer.
• a role of CDK9 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression has been implicated in many human cancers. Consequently, agents that target CDK9 have therapeutic value.
• the methods of administering a CDK9 inhibitor described herein are applied to the treatment of cancers of the blood, breast, prostate, ovaries, colon, cervix, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, or any combination thereof.
• therapeutic efficacy is measured based on an effect of treating a proliferative disorder, such as cancer.
• a proliferative disorder e.g. cancer, whether benign or malignant
• therapeutic efficacy of the methods and compositions of the invention may be measured by the degree to which the methods and compositions promote inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the inhibition of tumor vascularization, the eradication of tumor cells, the reduction in the rate of growth of a tumor, and/or a reduction in the size of at least one tumor.
• the progress of the inventive method in treating cancer can be ascertained using any suitable method, such as those methods currently used in the clinic to track tumor size and cancer progress.
• the primary efficacy parameter used to evaluate the treatment of cancer by the inventive method and compositions preferably is a reduction in the size of a tumor.
• Tumor size can be figured using any suitable technique, such as measurement of dimensions, or estimation of tumor volume using available computer software, such as FreeFlight software developed at Wake Forest University that enables accurate estimation of tumor volume.
• Tumor size can be determined by tumor visualization using, for example, CT, ultrasound, SPECT, spiral CT, MRI, photographs, and the like.
• the presence of tumor tissue and tumor size can be determined by gross analysis of the tissue to be resected, and/or by pathological analysis of the resected tissue.
• the growth of a tumor is stabilized (i.e., one or more tumors do not increase more than 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% in size, and/or do not metastasize) as a result of the inventive method and compositions.
• a tumor is stabilized for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or more weeks.
• a tumor is stabilized for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or more months.
• a tumor is stabilized for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more years.
• the inventive method reduces the size of a tumor at least about 5% (e.g., at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25%). More preferably, tumor size is reduced at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65%). Even more preferably, tumor size is reduced at least about 70% (e.g., at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%). Most preferably, the tumor is completely eliminated, or reduced below a level of detection. In some embodiments, a subject remains tumor free (e.g. in remission) for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
• a subject remains tumor free for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or more months following treatment. In some embodiments, a subject remains tumor free for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more years after treatment.
• the efficacy of the inventive method in reducing tumor size can be determined by measuring the percentage of necrotic (i.e., dead) tissue of a surgically resected tumor following completion of the therapeutic period.
• a treatment is therapeutically effective if the necrosis percentage of the resected tissue is greater than about
• the necrosis percentage of the resected tissue is 100%, that is, no tumor tissue is present or detectable.
• the efficacy of the inventive method can be determined by a number of secondary parameters.
• secondary parameters include, but are not limited to, detection of new tumors, detection of tumor antigens or markers (e.g., CEA, PSA, or CA-125), biopsy, surgical downstaging (i.e., conversion of the surgical stage of a tumor from unresectable to resectable), PET scans, survival, disease progression-free survival, time to disease progression, quality of life assessments such as the Clinical Benefit Response Assessment, and the like, all of which can point to the overall progression (or regression) of cancer in a human.
• Biopsy is particularly useful in detecting the eradication of cancerous cells within a tissue.
• Radioimmunodetection is used to locate and stage tumors using serum levels of markers (antigens) produced by and/or associated with tumors (“tumor markers” or “tumor-associated antigens”), and can be useful as a pre-treatment diagnostic predicate, a post-treatment diagnostic indicator of recurrence, and a post-treatment indicator of therapeutic efficacy.
• tumor markers or tumor-associated antigens that can be evaluated as indicators of therapeutic efficacy include, but are not limited to, carcinembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), CA-125, CA19-9, ganglioside molecules (e.g., GM2, GD2, and GD3), MART-1, heat shock proteins (e.g., gp96), sialyl Tn (STn), tyrosinase, MUC-1, HER-2/neu, c-erb-B2, KSA, PSMA, p53, RAS, EGF-R, VEGF, MAGE, and gplOO.
• CCA carcinembryonic antigen
• PSA prostate-specific antigen
• CA-125 CA19-9
• CA19-9 ganglioside molecules
• ganglioside molecules e.g., GM2, GD2, and GD3
• MART-1 heat shock proteins
• STn sialyl Tn
• STn sialy
• the treatment of cancer in a human patient in accordance with the inventive method is evidenced by one or more of the following results: (a) the complete disappearance of a tumor (i.e., a complete response), (b) about a 25% to about a 50% reduction in the size of a tumor for at least four weeks after completion of the therapeutic period as compared to the size of the tumor before treatment, (c) at least about a 50% reduction in the size of a tumor for at least four weeks after completion of the therapeutic period as compared to the size of the tumor before the therapeutic period, and (d) at least a 2% decrease (e.g., about a 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% decrease) in a specific tumor-associated antigen level at about 4-12 weeks after completion of the therapeutic period as compared to the tumor-associated antigen level before the therapeutic period.
• a 2% decrease e.g., about a 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% decrease
• any decrease in the tumor-associated antigen level is evidence of treatment of a cancer in a patient by the inventive method.
• treatment can be evidenced by at least a 10% decrease in the CA19-9 tumor-associated antigen level at 4-12 weeks after completion of the therapeutic period as compared to the CA19-9 level before the therapeutic period.
• treatment can be evidenced by at least a 10% decrease in the CEA tumor-associated antigen level at 4-12 weeks after completion of the therapeutic period as compared to the CEA level before the therapeutic period.
• the therapeutic benefit of the treatment in accordance with the invention can be evidenced in terms of pain intensity, analgesic consumption, and/or the Kamofsky Performance Scale score.
• the treatment of cancer in a human patient is evidenced by (a) at least a 50% decrease (e.g., at least a 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% decrease) in pain intensity reported by a patient, such as for any consecutive four week period in the 12 weeks after completion of treatment, as compared to the pain intensity reported by the patient before treatment, (b) at least a 50% decrease (e.g., at least a 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% decrease) in analgesic consumption reported by a patient, such as for any consecutive four week period in the 12 weeks after completion of treatment as compared to the analgesic consumption reported by the patient before treatment, and/or (c) at least a 20 point increase (e.g., at least a 30 point
• a proliferative disorder e.g. cancer, whether benign or malignant
• a human patient desirably is evidenced by one or more (in any combination) of the foregoing results, although alternative or additional results of the referenced tests and/or other tests can evidence treatment efficacy.
• tumor size is reduced as a result of the inventive method preferably without significant adverse events in the subject.
• Adverse events are categorized or “graded” by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), with Grade 0 representing minimal adverse side effects and Grade 4 representing the most severe adverse events.
• CTEP Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program
• NCI National Cancer Institute
• the inventive method is associated with minimal adverse events, e.g. Grade 0, Grade 1, or Grade 2 adverse events, as graded by the CTEP/NCI.
• reduction of tumor size although preferred, is not required in that the actual size of tumor may not shrink despite the eradication of tumor cells. Eradication of cancerous cells is sufficient to realize a therapeutic effect. Likewise, any reduction in tumor size is sufficient to realize a therapeutic effect.
• a clinician can use standard tests to determine the efficacy of the various embodiments of the inventive method in treating cancer.
• the clinician in addition to tumor size and spread, the clinician also may consider quality of life and survival of the patient in evaluating efficacy of treatment.
• administration of a CDK9 inhibitor provides improved therapeutic efficacy.
• Improved efficacy may be measured using any method known in the art, including but not limited to those described herein.
• the improved therapeutic efficacy is an improvement of at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 110%, 120%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 1000% or more, using an appropriate measure (e.g. tumor size reduction, duration of tumor size stability, duration of time free from metastatic events, duration of disease-free survival).
• Improved efficacy may also be expressed as fold improvement, such as at least about 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, 100- fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold or more, using an appropriate measure (e.g. tumor size reduction, duration of tumor size stability, duration of time free from metastatic events, duration of disease- free survival).
• fold improvement such as at least about 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, 100- fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold or more, using an appropriate measure (e.g. tumor size reduction, duration of tumor size stability, duration of time free from metastatic events, duration of disease- free survival).
• a composition of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable pharmaceutical formulation.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure typically contains an active ingredient (e.g., a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or coordination complex thereof), and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers, including but not limited to: inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, and adjuvants.
• a composition of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable pharmaceutical formulation.
• the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers or excipients are selected from water, alcohol, glycerol, chitosan, alginate, chondroitin, Vitamin E, mineral oil, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
• compositions may be provided in any suitable form, which may depend on the route of administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be formulated in dosage form for administration to a subject.
• the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral, intravenous, intraarterial, aerosol, parenteral, buccal, topical, transdermal, rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, intranasal, intrapulmonary, transmucosal, inhalation, and/or intraperitoneal administration.
• the dosage form is formulated for oral administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated in the form of a pill, a tablet, a capsule, an inhaler, a liquid suspension, a liquid emulsion, a gel, or a powder.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as a unit dosage in liquid, gel, semi-liquid, semi solid, or solid form.
• an effective dosage may be in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, in single or divided doses. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, e.g., by dividing such larger doses into several small doses for administration throughout the day. In some embodiments, an effective dosage may be provided in pulsed dosing (i.e., administration of the compound in consecutive days, followed by consecutive days of rest from administration).
• the composition is provided in one or more unit doses.
• the composition can be administered in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 30, 60, or more doses.
• Such amount can be administered each day, for example in individual doses administered once, twice, or three or more times a day.
• dosages stated herein on a per day basis should not be construed to require administration of the daily dose each and every day.
• two or more daily dosage amounts can be administered at a lower frequency, e.g., as a depot injection or oral prodrug administered every second day to once a month or even longer.
• a CDK9 inhibitor can be administered once a day, for example in the morning, in the evening or during the day.
• the unit doses can be administered simultaneously or sequentially.
• the composition can be administered for an extended treatment period.
• the treatment period can be at least about one month, for example at least about 3 months, at least about 6 months or at least about 1 year. In some cases, administration can continue for substantially the remainder of the life of the subject.
• the CDK9 inhibitor can be administered as part of a therapeutic regimen that comprises administering one or more second agents (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more second agents), either simultaneously or sequentially with the CDK9 inhibitor.
• the CDK9 inhibitor may be administered before or after the one or more second agents.
• the CDK9 inhibitor and the one or more second agents may be administered by the same route (e.g. injections to the same location; tablets taken orally at the same time), by a different route (e.g. a tablet taken orally while receiving an intravenous infusion), or as part of the same combination (e.g. a solution comprising a CDK9 inhibitor and one or more second agents).
• a combination treatment according to the invention may be effective over a wide dosage range.
• dosages from 0.01 to 1000 mg, from 0.5 to 100 mg, from 1 to 50 mg per day, and from 5 to 40 mg per day are examples of dosages that may be used.
• the exact dosage will depend upon the agent selected, the route of administration, the form in which the compound is administered, the subject to be treated, the body weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the attending physician.
• Pharmaceutical composition for oral administration will depend upon the agent selected, the route of administration, the form in which the compound is administered, the subject to be treated, the body weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the attending physician.
• the disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing at least one compound of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration.
• the composition may be in the form of a solid, liquid, gel, semidiquid, or semi-solid.
• the composition further comprises a second agent.
• the invention provides a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing: (i) a CDK9 inhibitor; and (ii) a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration.
• the composition further contains: (iii) a third agent or even a fourth agent.
• each compound or agent is present in a therapeutically effective amount.
• one or more compounds or agents is present in a sub-therapeutic amount, and the compounds or agents act synergistically to provide a therapeutically effective pharmaceutical composition.
• compositions of the disclosure suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such as hard or soft capsules, cachets, troches, lozenges, or tablets, or liquids or aerosol sprays each containing a predetermined amount of an active ingredient as a powder or in granules, a solution, or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or dispersible powders or granules, or syrups or elixirs.
• Such dosage forms can be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, which typically include the step of bringing the active ingredient(s) into association with the carrier.
• the composition are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient(s) with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.
• a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
• Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient(s) in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with an excipient such as, but not limited to, a binder, a lubricant, an inert diluent, and/or a surface active or dispersing agent.
• Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
• This disclosure further encompasses anhydrous pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms comprising an active ingredient, since water can facilitate the degradation of some compounds.
• water may be added (e.g., 5%) in the pharmaceutical arts as a means of simulating long-term storage in order to determine characteristics such as shelf-life or the stability of formulations over time.
• Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the disclosure can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture containing ingredients and low moisture or low humidity conditions.
• Pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the disclosure which contain lactose can be made anhydrous if substantial contact with moisture and/or humidity during manufacturing, packaging, and/or storage is expected.
• An anhydrous pharmaceutical composition may be prepared and stored such that its anhydrous nature is maintained.
• anhydrous compositions may be packaged using materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included in suitable formulary kits.
• suitable packaging include, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastic or the like, unit dose containers, blister packs, and strip packs.
• An active ingredient can be combined in an intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
• the carrier can take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media can be employed as carriers, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations (such as suspensions, solutions, and elixirs) or aerosols; or carriers such as starches, sugars, micro crystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and disintegrating agents can be used in the case of oral solid preparations, in some embodiments without employing the use of lactose.
• suitable carriers include powders, capsules, and tablets, with the solid oral preparations. If desired, tablets can be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
• Binders suitable for use in pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, com starch, potato starch, or other starches, gelatin, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, pre gelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
• natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrroli
• suitable fillers for use in the pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, talc, calcium carbonate (e.g., granules or powder), microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates, kaolin, mannitol, silicic acid, sorbitol, starch, pre-gelatinized starch, and mixtures thereof.
• Disintegrants may be used in the composition of the disclosure to provide tablets that disintegrate when exposed to an aqueous environment. Too much of a disintegrant may produce tablets which may disintegrate in the bottle. Too little of a disintegrant may be insufficient for disintegration to occur and may alter the rate and extent of release of the active ingredient(s) from the dosage form. A sufficient amount of disintegrant that is neither too little nor too much to detrimentally alter the release of the active ingredient(s) may be used to form the dosage forms of the compounds disclosed herein. The amount of disintegrant used may vary based upon the type of formulation and mode of administration, and may be readily discernible to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• Disintegrants that can be used to form pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, agar-agar, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polacrilin potassium, sodium starch glycolate, potato or tapioca starch, other starches, pre-gelatinized starch, other starches, clays, other algins, other celluloses, gums or mixtures thereof.
• Lubricants which can be used to form pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil (e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, com oil, and soybean oil), zinc stearate, ethyl oleate, ethylaureate, agar, or mixtures thereof.
• calcium stearate e.g., magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc
• hydrogenated vegetable oil e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil
• Additional lubricants include, for example, a syloid silica gel, a coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica, or mixtures thereof.
• a lubricant can optionally be added, in an amount of less than about 1 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition.
• the active ingredient therein may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matter or dyes and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents, together with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various combinations thereof.
• the tablets can be uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
• a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed.
• Formulations for oral use can also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
• Surfactant which can be used to form pharmaceutical composition and dosage forms of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic surfactants, lipophilic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. That is, a mixture of hydrophilic surfactants may be employed, a mixture of lipophilic surfactants may be employed, or a mixture of at least one hydrophilic surfactant and at least one lipophilic surfactant may be employed.
• a suitable hydrophilic surfactant may generally have an HLB value of at least 10, while suitable lipophilic surfactants may generally have an HLB value of or less than about 10.
• An empirical parameter used to characterize the relative hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of non ionic amphiphilic compounds is the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (“HLB” value).
• HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
• Surfactants with lower HLB values are more lipophilic or hydrophobic, and have greater solubility in oils, while surfactants with higher HLB values are more hydrophilic, and have greater solubility in aqueous solutions.
• Hydrophilic surfactants are generally considered to be those compounds having an HLB value greater than about 10, as well as anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic compounds for which the HLB scale is not generally applicable.
• lipophilic (i.e., hydrophobic) surfactants are compounds having an HLB value equal to or less than about 10.
• HLB value of a surfactant is merely a rough guide generally used to enable formulation of industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions.
• Hydrophilic surfactants may be either ionic or non-ionic. Suitable ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkylammonium salts; fusidic acid salts; fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; glyceride derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; lecithins and hydrogenated lecithins; lysolecithins and hydrogenated lysolecithins; phospholipids and derivatives thereof; lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acylactylates; mono- and di-acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; succinylated mono- and di-glycerides; citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides;
• ionic surfactants include, by way of example: lecithins, lysolecithin, phospholipids, lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acylactylates; mono- and di- acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di -glycerides; succinylated mono- and di-glycerides; citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; and mixtures thereof.
• Ionic surfactants may be the ionized forms of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine, PEG-phosphatidylethanolamine, PVP- phosphatidylethanolamine, lactylic esters of fatty acids, stearoyl-2-lactylate, stearoyl lactylate, succinylated monoglycerides, mono/diacetylated tartaric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, cholylsarcosine, caproate, caprylate
• Hydrophilic non-ionic surfactants may include, but not limited to, alkylglucosides; alkylmaltosides; alkylthioglucosides; lauryl macrogolglycerides; polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers such as polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; polyoxyalkylene alkylphenols such as polyethylene glycol alkyl phenols; polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenol fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol fatty acids monoesters and polyethylene glycol fatty acids diesters; polyethylene glycol glycerol fatty acid esters; polyglycerol fatty acid esters; polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; hydrophilic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids, and sterols; polyoxyethylene sterols,
• hydrophilic-non-ionic surfactants include, without limitation, PEG-10 laurate,
• Suitable lipophilic surfactants include, by way of example only: fatty alcohols; glycerol fatty acid esters; acetylated glycerol fatty acid esters; lower alcohol fatty acids esters; propylene glycol fatty acid esters; sorbitan fatty acid esters; polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; sterols and sterol derivatives; polyoxyethylated sterols and sterol derivatives; polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; sugar esters; sugar ethers; lactic acid derivatives of mono- and di-glycerides; hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids and sterols; oil-soluble vitamins/vitamin derivatives; and mixtures thereof.
• preferred lipophilic surfactants include glycerol fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof, or are hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group of vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and triglycerides.
• the composition may include a solubilizer to ensure good solubilization and/or dissolution of the compound of the present disclosure and to minimize precipitation of the compound of the present disclosure. This can be especially important for composition for non-oral use, e.g., composition for injection.
• a solubilizer may also be added to increase the solubility of the hydrophilic drug and/or other components, such as surfactants, or to maintain the composition as a stable or homogeneous solution or dispersion.
• solubilizers include, but are not limited to, the following: alcohols and polyols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediols and isomers thereof, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, transcutol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinylalcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives; ethers of polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 6000, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol PEG ether (glycofurol) or methoxy PEG ; amides and other nitrogen-containing compounds such as 2-pyrrolidone, 2-piperidone, e
• solubilizers may also be used. Examples include, but not limited to, triacetin, tri ethyl citrate, ethyl oleate, ethyl caprylate, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N- hydroxyethylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins, ethanol, polyethylene glycol 200-100, glycofurol, transcutol, propylene glycol, and dimethyl isosorbide. Particularly preferred solubilizers include sorbitol, glycerol, triacetin, ethyl alcohol, PEG-400, glycofurol and propylene glycol.
• the amount of solubilizer that can be included is not particularly limited.
• the amount of a given solubilizer may be limited to a bioacceptable amount, which may be readily determined by one of skill in the art. In some circumstances, it may be advantageous to include amounts of solubilizers far in excess of bioacceptable amounts, for example to maximize the concentration of the drug, with excess solubilizer removed prior to providing the composition to a patient using conventional techniques, such as distillation or evaporation.
• the solubilizer can be in a weight ratio of 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, or up to about 200% by weight, based on the combined weight of the drug, and other excipients. If desired, very small amounts of solubilizer may also be used, such as 5%, 2%, 1% or even less. Typically, the solubilizer may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 100%, more typically about 5% to about 25% by weight.
• the composition can further include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives and excipients.
• additives and excipients include, without limitation, detackifiers, anti foaming agents, buffering agents, polymers, antioxidants, preservatives, chelating agents, viscomodulators, tonicifiers, flavorants, colorants, odorants, opacifiers, suspending agents, binders, fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, and mixtures thereof.
• an acid or a base may be incorporated into the composition to facilitate processing, to enhance stability, or for other reasons.
• pharmaceutically acceptable bases include amino acids, amino acid esters, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic hydrocalcite, magnesium aluminum hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, triisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, tri s(hydroxymethyl)aminom ethane (TRIS) and the like.
• bases that are salts of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, uric acid, and the like.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino
• Salts of polyprotic acids such as sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used.
• the cation can be any convenient and pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and the like.
• Example may include, but not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium.
• Suitable acids are pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids. Examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
• suitable organic acids include acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, uric acid and the like.
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• DBEi l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
• DCE 1,2-dichloroethane
• DCM dichloromethane
• DEA diethylamine
• DHP dihydropyran
• DIPEA N,N- diisopropylethylamine
• DME dimethoxyethane
• DMF dimethylformamide
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• EtOH ethanol
• DTT dithiothreitol
• HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
• PMB /3 ⁇ 4/ra-methoxybenzyl
• PPTS pyridinium / oluenesulfonate
• SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
• TBME /c/V-butyl methyl ether
• TEA triethylamine
• Example 1 Synthesis of 4-(((2 , -(((l/?,4/?)-4-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4’- bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Intermediate 1)
• Step 1 Preparation of tetrahydro-4//-pyran-4,4-dicarbonitrile (INT-2)
• Step 2 Preparation of 4-(ami nomethyl )tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (INT-3)
• Step 3 Preparation of 4-(((6-bromopyridin-2-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4- carbonitrile (INT-4)
• Step 4 Preparation of 4-(((5 , -chloro-2’-fluoro-[2,4 , -bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (INT-5)
• reaction mixture was sealed, stirred at 110 °C for 4 hr under N2 , cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with water (40 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (70 mL c 3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step 5 Preparation of 4-(((2 , -(((lf?,4f?)-4-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4’- bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)m ethyl )tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Intermediate 1)
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-(chloro ethyl)-2//-tetrazole (INT-7) Cl
• Step 2 Preparation of 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(tetrahydro-2//-pyran-2-yl)-2//-tetrazole (INT-
• Step 3 Preparation of 5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy (methyl )-2-(tetrahydro-2//-pyran-2-yl)-2//- tetrazole (INT-9)
• Step 4 Preparation of 1 -((2-(tetrahydro-2//-pyran-2-yl)-2//-tetrazol-5- yl)methoxy)propan-2-one (Intermediate 2)
• Step 1 Preparation of ethyl 2-((2 -methyl allyl)oxy)acetate (INT-11)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl 2-(2-oxopropoxy)acetate (Intermediate 3)
• Step 1 Preparation of 4-hydrazine-6-methylpyrimidine (INT-13) [0176] To a solution of 4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine (INT-12, 2.5 g, 19.45 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added NHiNTb ⁇ TbO (1.67 g, 33.45 mmol) and KiCCb (2.74 g, 19.84 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 6 hr, diluted with TbO (20 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3).
• Step 2 Preparation of (Z)-A-( l -( 1 //-tetrazol -5-yl)prop-l -en-2-yl)form amide (INT-14)
• Step 3 Preparation of 5-(2-oxopropyl)-l //-tetrazol -1 -iu chloride (INT-15)
• Step 5 Preparation of l-(l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-l//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-one
• Example 5 Synthesis of 4-(((2’-(((l/?,4/?)-4-(((/?)-l-((2//-tetrazol-5-yl)methoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4’-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 2) and 4-(((2’-(((lA,4/?)-4-(((A)-l-((2//-tetrazol-5- yl)methoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4 , -bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 3)
• Example 6 Synthesis of ethyl 2-((/?)-2-(((l/?,4/?)-4-((5’-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4]-bipyridin]-2 , -yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 5) and ethyl 2-((N)-2-(((l/?,4N)-4-((5’-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4]-bipyridin]-2 , -yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 6)
• reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 20 hours, quenched with water (10 mL) at 0 °C, and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• Example 7 Synthesis of 2-((/?)-2-(((l/?,4/?)-4-((5’-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4 , -bipyridin]-2 , -yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetic acid
• Example 8 Synthesis of 4-(((2’-(((l/?,4/?)-4-(((/?)-l-(l//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4’-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 12) and 4-(((2’-(((lN,4/?)-4-(((N)-l-(l/ -tetrazol-5- yl)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5 , -chloro-[2,4 , -bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2/ -pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 13) [0195] Step 1: Preparation of 4-(
• Step 2 Preparation of 4-(((2’-((( ⁇ R,4R)-4-(((R)- ⁇ -( l//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5’-chloro-[2,4’-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-carbonitrile (Compound 12) and 4-(((2’-((( bV,4/ ⁇ )-4-((fV)- l -( I //-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5’-chloro-[2,4’-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-carbonitrile (Compound 13)
• Compound 12 was further purified by preparative HPLC (Phenomenex Luna C18 80x40mm (3pm particle size); 0-30% acetonitrile/water (0.05% HC1); 11 min) to provide the hydrochloride salt of Compound 12 (21 mg, 35.74 umol, 17.91% yield, >99% purity) as a yellow solid.
• Compound 13 was further purified by preparative HPLC (Phenomenex Luna C18 80x40mm (3pm particle size); 0-30% acetonitrile/water (0.05% HC1); 11 min) to provide the hydrochloride salt of Compound 13 (26 mg, 44.25 umol, 22.17% yield, >99% purity) as a yellow solid.
• Step 1 Preparation of isopropyl 2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)acetate (INT-17)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl 2-(2-oxopropoxy)acetate (Intermediate 5)
• Example 10 Synthesis of isopropyl 2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 15) and isopropyl 2-((N)-2- (((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 16)
• Racemic isopropyl 2-[2-[[4-[[5-chloro-4-[6-[(4-cyanotetrahydropyran-4- yl)methylamino]-2-pyridyl]-2-pyridyl]amino]cyclohexyl]amino]propoxy]acetate (Compound 14, 50 mg, 0.083 mmol) was separated by chiral SFC (Chiralpak AD 250x30 mm (10pm particle size); 70% EtOH/CO?) and further purified by prep-HPLC (HCOOH condition) to afford isopropyl 2-[(2f?)-2-[[4-[[5-chloro-4-[6-[(4-cyanotetrahydropyran-4-yl)methylamino]-2-pyridyl]- 2-pyridyl]amino]cyclohexyl]amino]propoxy]acetate (Compound 15, 3.9 mg, 8% yield) as a white
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl 2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)acetate (INT-19)
• Step 2 Preparation of tert-butyl 2-(2-oxopropoxy)acetate (Intermediate 6)
• Example 12 Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 18) and tert- butyl 2-((N)-2- (((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)acetate (Compound 19)
• Racemic tert-butyl 2-[2-[[4-[[5-chloro-4-[6-[(4-cyanotetrahydropyran-4-yl)methylamino]- 2-pyridyl]-2-pyridyl]amino]cyclohexyl]amino]propoxy]acetate (Compound 17, 92 mg) was separated by chiral SFC (Chiralpak AD 250x30 mm (10pm particle size); 75% EtOH/CO?) and further purified by pre-HPLC (HCOOH condition) to afford /er/-butyl 2-[(2/?)-2-[[4-[[5-chloro- 4-[6-[(4-cyanotetrahydropyran-4-yl)methylamino]-2-pyridyl]-2- pyridyl]amino]cyclohexyl]amino]propoxy]acetate (Compound 18, 20.3 mg, 22% yield) as a white solid
• Example 13 Synthesis of ethyl (l-(5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl) carbonate (INT-21) and ethyl (l-(5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)-l//-tetrazol-l-yl)ethyl) carbonate (INT-22)
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazole (INT-20)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl ( 1 -(5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy (methyl )-2//-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl) carbonate (INT-21) and ethyl ( 1 -(5-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)- l //-tetrazol- 1 -yl)ethyl) carbonate (INT-22)
• Example 14 Synthesis of (R)-ethyl (l-(5-((2-oxopropoxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl) carbonate (Intermediate 7) and (N)-ethyl (l-(5-((2-oxopropoxy)methyl)-2 -tetrazol-2- yl)ethyl) carbonate (Intermediate 8)
• Example 15 Synthesis of (R)-ethyl (l-(5-((2-oxopropoxy)methyl)-l/ -tetrazol-l-yl)ethyl) carbonate (Intermediate 9) and (N)-ethyl (l-(5-((2-oxopropoxy)methyl)-l/ -tetrazol-l- yl)ethyl) carbonate (Intermediate 10)
• Example 16 Synthesis of (/?)-l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl ethyl carbonate (Compound 21) and (/?)-l-(5-(((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/T- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)- 2//-te
• Example 17 Synthesis of (N -l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5’-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)- 2 -tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl ethyl carbonate (Compound 24) and (N)-l-(5-(((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'- chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2-
• Example 18 Synthesis of (/?)-l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-l//-tetrazol-l-yl)ethyl ethyl carbonate (Compound 27) and (/?)-l-(5-(((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)- l//-
• Example 19 Synthesis of (N)-l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)- l -tetrazol-l-yl)ethyl ethyl carbonate (Compound 30) and (N)-l-(5-(((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'- chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-l//-te
• Step 1 Preparation of l-((2iT-tetrazol-5-yl)methoxy)propan-2-one (INT-25)
• Example 23 Synthesis of 4-(((5'-chloro-2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-((2-methyl-2//-tetrazol-5- yl)methoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 33) and 4-(((5'-chloro-2'- (((LV,4r)-4-(((,V)-l-((2-methyl-2//-tetrazol-5-yl)methoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2L/-pyran-4- carbonitrile (Compound 34)
• the mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 36 hours.
• the mixture was quenched by water (50 mL) at 0°C, which was extracted with DCM ( 50 mL x3).
• the combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
• Example 24 Synthesis of 4-(((5'-chloro-2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-((l-methyl-l//-tetrazol-5- yl)methoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2 -pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 36) and 4-(((5'-chloro-2'- (((lN,4r)-4-(((N)-l-((l-methyl-l -tetrazol-5-yl)methoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2E/-pyran-4- carbonitrile (Compound 37)
• Step 2 Preparation of /er/-butyl (2-(2-oxopropoxy)ethyl)carbamate (Intermediate 13)
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl (2-(2-(((lr,4r)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2i7- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)ethyl)carbamate (Compound 38)
• Step 2 Preparation of 4-(((2'-(((lr,4r)-4-((l-(2-aminoethoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5 l -chloro-[2,4 l -bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-carbonitrile (Compound 39)
• Step 3 Preparation of N-(2-(2-(((lr,4r)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2i7-pyran-4- yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)ethyl)- 1,1,1- trifluoromethanesulfonamide (Compound 40)
• Chloromethanesulfonyl chloride (INT-30) is converted to l-(2-oxopropoxy)-/V-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)methanesulfonamide (Intermediate 14) in five synthetic steps.
• Example 29 Synthesis of l-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran- 4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-/V-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)methanesulfonamide (Compound 43) and l-((A)-2-(((lr,4A)-4-((5'-chloro-6- (((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-/V-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)methanesulfonamide (Com
• Step 1 Preparation of ethyl l-((2-methylallyl)oxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (INT-32)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl l-(2-oxopropoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Intermediate 15)
• Example 31 Synthesis of ethyl l-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Compound 46) and ethyl l-((A)-2-(((lr,4A)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Compound 46) and ethyl l-((A)
• Step 1 Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propanoate (INT-34)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-2-(2-oxopropoxy)propanoate (Intermediate 16)
• Example 33 Synthesis of ethyl 2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2- methylpropanoate (Compound 49) and ethyl 2-((A)-2-(((lr,4A)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4- cyanotetrahydro-2E/-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2-methylpropanoate (Compound 50)
• Step 1 Preparation of ethyl (f?)-2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propanoate (INT-36)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl (f?)-2-(2-oxopropoxy)propanoate (Intermediate 17)
• Example 35 Synthesis of ethyl (/?)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 52) and ethyl (/?)-2-((A)-2-
• Step 1 Preparation of ethyl fV(-2-((2-methylallyl(oxy (propanoat e (INT-38)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl fV(-2-(2-oxopropoxy (propanoat e (Intermediate 18)
• Example 37 Synthesis of ethyl (A)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 55) and ethyl (A)-2-((A)-2-((A)-2-
• Step 1 Preparation of 2-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)-6-nitropyridine (INT-40)
• Step 2 Preparation of ethyl fV)-2-(2-oxopropoxy)propanoate (Intermediate 19)
• Example 39 Synthesis of A-(6-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)methanesulfonamide (Compound 58) and A-(6-(((A)-2-(((lr,4A)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ -pyran-4- yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)pyridin-2- yl)methanesulfonamide (Compound 59)
• Example 40 Synthesis of ethyl (/?)-3-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)butanoate (Compound 61) and ethyl (»V)-3-(((lr,4»S)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4- yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)butanoate (Compound 62)
• Example 41 Synthesis of tert- butyl (/?)-3-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/f- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)butanoate (Compound 64) and tert- butyl (»V)-3-(((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2 - pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)butanoate (Compound 65)
• Example 44 Synthesis of (/?)-l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl pivalate (Compound 68), (A)-l-(5-(((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ -pyran-4- yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-2/ - tetrazol-2
• Example 45 Synthesis of (/?)-l-(5-(((A)-2-(((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)- 2//-tetrazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl pivalate (Compound 72), (,V)-l-(5-(((,V)-2-(((lr,4,V)-4-((5'- chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)methyl)-2//-tetrazol-2
• Step 1 Preparation of 4-methoxy-2-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)pyrimidine (INT-42)
• Step 2 Preparation of l-((4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methoxy)propan-2-one (Intermediate 20)
• Example 47 Synthesis of 4-(((5'-chloro-2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-((5-fluoro-6-oxo-l,6- dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)methoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 77) and 4-(((5'-chloro-2'- (((lA,4r)-4-(((A)-l-((5-fluoro-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)methoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydr
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl l-((2-methylallyl)oxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (INT-
• Step 2 Preparation of /er/-butyl l-(2-oxopropoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Intermediate 21)
• Example 49 Synthesis of tert- butyl l-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Compound 80) and tert- butyl l-((»V)-2-(((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)- [2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)cyclopropane-l-carboxylate (Compound 81)
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl 2-methyl-2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propanoate (INT-46)
• Example 53 Synthesis of tert- butyl 2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2- methylpropanoate (Compound 85) and tert- butyl 2-((»V)-2-(((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4- cyanotetrahydro-2T/-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2-methylpropanoate (Compound 86)
• Example 54 Synthesis of tert- butyl 2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2/ -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2- methylpropanoic acid (Compound 87)
• Example 55 Synthesis of tert- butyl 2-((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro- 2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)-2- methylpropanoic acid (Compound 88)
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl (f?)-2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propanoate (INT-48)
• Example 57 Synthesis of tert- butyl (/?)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4- cyanotetrahydro-2T/-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 90) and tert- butyl (/?)-2-((»V)- 2-(((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 91)
• Example 58 Synthesis of (/?)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoic acid (Compound 92)
• Example 59 Synthesis of (/?)-2-((N)-2-(((lr,4N)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoic acid (Compound 93)
• Step 1 Preparation of /er/-butyl fV)-2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propanoate (INT-50)
• Example 61 Synthesis of tert- butyl (»S)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4- cyanotetrahydro-2T/-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 95) and tert- butyl (»S)-2-((»V)-2- (((lr,4»V)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2 -pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoate (Compound 96)
• Example 62 Synthesis of (A)-2-((/?)-2-(((lr,4/?)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2/ - pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoic acid (Compound 97)
• Example 63 Synthesis of (A)-2-((A)-2-(((lr,4A)-4-((5'-chloro-6-(((4-cyanotetrahydro-2//- pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-2'- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)propoxy)propanoic acid (Compound 98)
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-( l -((2-methyl allyl)oxy)cy cl opropyl)-2-trityl-2//-tetrazole (INT- 52)
• Step 2 Preparation of 1 -(1 -(2-trityl-2//-tetrazol-5-yl)cyclopropoxy)propan-2-one
• Example 65 Synthesis of 4-(((2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-(l-(2//-tetrazol-5- yl)cyclopropoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'-chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 100) and 4-(((2'-(((lN,4r)- 4-(((N)-l-(l-(2//-tetrazol-5-yl)cyclopropoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'- chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 100) and 4-(((2'-
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-(2-((2-methylallyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)-2-trityl-2//-tetrazole (INT- 54)
• Step 2 Preparation of 1 -((2-(2-trityl-2//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-one (Intermediate 26)
• Example 67 Synthesis of 4-(((2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-((2-(2//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2- yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'-chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 103) and 4-(((2'-(((lN,4r)- 4-(((A)-l-((2-(2//-tetrazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'- chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 10
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-( 1 -((2-methyl allyl)oxy)ethyl)-2-trityl-2//-tetrazole (INT-56)
• Step 2 Preparation of 1 -( I -(2-trityl-2//-tetrazol-5-yl)ethoxy)propan-2-one (Intermediate 27) 27
• Example 69 Synthesis of 4-(((2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((2/?,3»S)-3-((2//-tetrazol-5-yl)methoxy)butan- 2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'-chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2 - pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 106), 4-((2'-(((l»S,4r)-4-(((»S)-l-((/?)-l-(2//-tetrazol-5- yl)ethoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-5'-chloro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2 -pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 107),
• Step 1 Preparation of 5-(hydroxy ethyl)-2,4-di hydro-3 //-1 ,2,4-tri azol -3 -one (INT-58)
• Example 71 Synthesis of 4-(((5'-chloro-2'-(((l/?,4r)-4-(((/?)-l-((5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro- IH-l, 2,4- triazol-3-yl)methoxy)propan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6- yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2 -pyran-4-carbonitrile (Compound 111) and 4-(((5'-chloro- 2'-(((l»V,4r)-4-(((»V)-l-((5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro- IH-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)methoxy)propan-2- yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino
• reaction mixtures were incubated at 30 °C for 45 minutes, and 50 pL of Kinase-Glo® Max was added to each well and the plates were shielded from light and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. Luminescence was measured on a microplate reader and IC50 values were calculated using Prism 9 software.
• the cells were resuspended and seeded in 96-well plates to a density of 5,000 cells per well. Following cell adhesion, compounds were added to a final concentration of 2x dilution. 72 hours following compound treatment, CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 was added to the well in a 2: 1 ratio of media/CellTiter-Glo® 2.0. The plates were shielded from light, shaken for 2 minutes, and incubated for 10 minutes. Luminescence was measured on a microplate reader and EC50 values were calculated using Prism 9 software.
• Example 74 Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution Study.
• mice experiments the liver and blood pharmacokinetics of compounds were analyzed in CD-I mice following a single oral administration dose of 5 mg/kg compound suspension.
• the ratios of compound concentrations in liver versus blood in CD-I mice following a single oral administration dose of 5 mg/kg compound suspension are summarized in FIG. 1.
• the data in FIG. 1 show that Compounds 18, 40, and 33 have higher liver/blood ratios than NVP-2, demonstrating that these compounds have improved liver selectivity.
• FIG. 2 The ratios of compound concentrations in blood collected from jugular vein versus portal vein in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following a single oral administration dose of 5 mg/kg compound suspension are summarized in FIG. 2.
• the data in FIG. 2 show that Compounds 6 and 18 have a lower liver efflux/influx ratio than NVP-2, demonstrating that these compounds have improved liver selectivity.
• BALB/c nude mice were randomly assigned to respective groups using a computer-generated randomization procedure.
• Body weights of all animals were measured daily to record weight changes (relative to day 1) of BALB/c nude mice treated with vehicle and compounds.
• All study animals were monitored for behavior such as mobility, food and water consumption, body weight, eye/hair matting and any other abnormal effect. Any mortality and/or abnormal clinical signs were recorded.
• the animals were euthanized when they lost significant body mass (emaciated, obvious body weight loss > 20%).
• Mean weight changes (relative to day 1) of BALB/c nude mice treated with vehicle and compounds are summarized in FIG. 3.
• the data in FIG. 3 show that Compound 18 displays lower toxicity than NVP-2.

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