WO2021227656A1 - 一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227656A1
WO2021227656A1 PCT/CN2021/081943 CN2021081943W WO2021227656A1 WO 2021227656 A1 WO2021227656 A1 WO 2021227656A1 CN 2021081943 W CN2021081943 W CN 2021081943W WO 2021227656 A1 WO2021227656 A1 WO 2021227656A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
focal length
image generating
length adjuster
focal
imaging
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PCT/CN2021/081943
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛磊
李仕茂
常天海
黄志勇
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21803257.1A priority Critical patent/EP4141517A4/en
Priority to JP2022569196A priority patent/JP7474355B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227042996A priority patent/KR20230005387A/ko
Publication of WO2021227656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227656A1/zh
Priority to US17/986,381 priority patent/US20230073664A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/23—Head-up displays [HUD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/002—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to project the image of a two-dimensional display, such as an array of light emitting or modulating elements or a CRT
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
    • B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
    • B60K2360/23—Optical features of instruments using reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0185—Displaying image at variable distance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2380/00—Specific applications
    • G09G2380/10—Automotive applications

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of image display technology, and in particular to a multi-focus image generating device, a head-up display device and related methods.
  • Head-up display also known as parallel display system
  • HUD Head-up display
  • Its function is to project important driving information such as speed and navigation on the windshield glass in front of the driver, so that the driver can see important driving information such as speed and navigation without lowering his head or turning his head.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a HUD display interface. As shown in Figure 1, the image displayed by the HUD includes information such as speed "4km/h" and navigation "20m right turn arrow".
  • the present application provides a multi-focal image generating device, a head-up display device and related methods, the main purpose of which is to solve the technical problem of multi-focal surface imaging of the image generating device and realize the continuous adjustment of any focal length.
  • the present application provides a multi-focus image generating device, which includes: an image generating unit and a focus adjuster.
  • the image generation unit is used to generate a light beam carrying image information and irradiate the light beam to the surface of the focal length adjuster;
  • the focal length is adjusted to generate multiple focal planes of the multi-focus image generating device.
  • the optical path of the image generating unit can be reconstructed and upgraded, which is simple to implement.
  • the focus position can be flexibly adjusted by the focus adjuster, any focus can be continuously adjusted, and any number of focal planes (or imaging planes) at any position can be realized.
  • the focal length adjuster loads different phase information so that the multi-focus image generating device generates multiple focal planes, where different phase information corresponds to different focal planes.
  • the focal length adjuster adjusts the focal length by loading the phase information, thereby controlling the number and position of the focal plane, which has high flexibility.
  • the focal length adjuster includes multiple imaging areas, and different imaging areas correspond to different focal planes.
  • the imaging area of the focus adjuster can be divided by software, supporting any boundary shape and high flexibility.
  • the phase information loaded in the different imaging regions is different. Loading different phase information in different imaging areas can realize image partition display of different focal planes.
  • the focal length adjuster is arranged behind the imaging surface of the image generation unit, or the focal length adjuster is arranged at the imaging surface of the image generation unit, or the focal length
  • the adjuster is arranged in front of the imaging surface of the image generating unit.
  • the position of the focus adjuster can be flexibly set, as long as the light beam generated by the image generation unit can be received by the focus adjuster.
  • the phase information loaded by the focal length adjuster includes the phase distribution of the Fresnel lens or the phase distribution of the Zernike lens.
  • the focal length adjuster is a spatial light modulator.
  • the spatial light modulator can be a phase-type spatial light modulator, which can be implemented based on liquid crystal or micro-electromechanical system.
  • a polarizing plate is arranged in front of the focal length adjuster, and the polarizing plate is used to align the polarization state of the light beam with the alignment layer direction of the focal length adjuster.
  • the present application provides a method for generating a multifocal image, which is applied to a multifocal image generating device, and the multifocal image generating device includes an image generating unit and a focal length adjuster.
  • the method includes: generating a light beam carrying image information through an image generation unit, and irradiating the light beam to the surface of a focus adjuster; and adjusting the focus of the light beam irradiated to the surface of the focus adjuster by the focus adjuster to A plurality of focal planes of the multi-focus image generating device are generated.
  • the optical path of the image generating unit can be reconstructed and upgraded, which is simple to implement.
  • the focus position can be flexibly adjusted by the focus adjuster, any focus can be continuously adjusted, and any number of focal planes (or imaging planes) at any position can be realized.
  • the focal length adjustment is performed on the light beam irradiated to the surface of the focal length adjuster to generate multiple focal planes of the multi-focal image generating device: different phases are loaded on the focal length adjuster Information, so that the multi-focus image generating device produces multiple focal planes, wherein different phase information corresponds to different focal planes.
  • the focal length adjuster adjusts the focal length by loading the phase information, thereby controlling the number and position of the focal plane, which has high flexibility.
  • the method includes: dividing the focal length adjuster into a plurality of imaging areas, and different imaging areas correspond to different focal planes.
  • the imaging area of the focus adjuster can be divided by software, supporting any boundary shape and high flexibility.
  • phase information is loaded in the different imaging regions. Loading different phase information in different imaging areas can realize image partition display of different focal planes.
  • the phase information loaded by the focal length adjuster includes the phase distribution of the Fresnel lens or the phase distribution of the Zernike lens.
  • the focal length adjuster is a spatial light modulator.
  • the spatial light modulator can be a phase-type spatial light modulator, which can be implemented based on liquid crystal or micro-electromechanical system.
  • the polarization state of the light beam is aligned with the direction of the alignment layer of the focus adjuster through a polarizer, and the polarizer is arranged in front of the focus adjuster.
  • the present application provides a head-up display device, characterized in that the head-up display device includes the multi-focus image generating device as described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect And an imaging component, the multi-focal image generating device is configured to generate multiple images, the multi-focal image generating device has multiple focal planes, wherein different focal planes correspond to different images of the multiple images; The imaging component is used for imaging the multiple images for reception by human eyes.
  • the technical solution of the present application in addition to being used in a head-up display device, can also be applied to a display device such as a flat glass display and a projector.
  • a display device such as a flat glass display and a projector.
  • the present application provides a driving device, including: a cab, a windshield installed on the cab, the head-up display device as described in the third aspect, the head-up display device is installed in the cab, The windshield glass reflects and forms an image generated by the head-up display device.
  • the technical solution of the present application can solve the technical problem of multi-focal surface imaging of the vehicle head-up display, and the user does not need to adjust the focus frequently during driving, which improves the user experience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a HUD display interface
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • 4a and 4b are the Fresnel lens phase distribution diagrams provided by this application.
  • 5a-5d are schematic diagrams of the imaging area division of the four spatial light modulators provided by this application.
  • Figures 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of bifocal imaging provided by this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging area division method provided by this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a HUD provided by this application.
  • the embodiments of the present application relate to a multi-focus image generating device, a head-up display device, and related methods, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • the multi-focus imaging device includes an image generation unit (PGU) module 201 and a focus adjuster 202.
  • the PGU module 201 may include a light source and an imaging component, and the light source is used to generate a light beam with image information.
  • the imaging component may include a lens, a lens group, etc., to image the light beam generated by the light source, so that the multifocal image generating device generates different focal planes (focal plane 1, focal plane 2, ..., focal plane N), and the multiple focal planes The surface can be continuously adjusted.
  • the focal length adjuster 203 may be a spatial light modulator (SLM), which may be based on transparent dielectric devices of different thicknesses, liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Piezoelectric ceramics, etc. are realized.
  • SLM spatial light modulator
  • LCDoS liquid crystal on silicon
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • Piezoelectric ceramics etc. are realized.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • the multi-focal image generating device may include a PGU module 310 and a spatial light modulator 320.
  • the multi-focus image generating device may be provided with imaging screens 331 and 332 at the focal plane.
  • the imaging screens 331 and 332 can be implemented by using diffusion screens, curtains, white paper, etc., and are arranged at the focal plane (or imaging plane) to receive images on the focal plane.
  • the PGU module 310 may include an amplitude imaging unit 311 and an imaging component 312, and the amplitude imaging unit 311 may be a monochromatic light source or a polychromatic light source.
  • the imaging component 312 may be a lens or a lens group.
  • the PGU module 310 is used to generate a light beam carrying image information and form an imaging surface 340 at a certain spatial position.
  • the spatial light modulator 320 can be arranged behind the imaging surface 340 of the PGU module 310. The light beam leaves the imaging surface 340 and then diffuses. After being sufficiently diffused, the spatial light modulator 320 is irradiated to the surface of the spatial light modulator 320. 320 received.
  • the spatial light modulator 320 may adopt a reflection type or a transmission type, and is implemented based on a lens medium device, LCoS, MEMS, piezoelectric ceramics, and the like.
  • a polarizer 350 is placed in front of the spatial light modulator 320, so that the polarization state of the light beam incident on the surface of the spatial light modulator is aligned with the direction of the alignment layer of the spatial light modulator.
  • the spatial light modulator can be loaded with a phase distribution to realize the function of an equivalent lens to converge the light beam, thereby imaging on the imaging screen 331 and the imaging screen 332.
  • the positions of the imaging screens 331 and 332 can be changed, so that the positions of the imaging screens 331 and 332 can be adjusted arbitrarily.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator 320 can be divided into two imaging areas 321 and 322, and the imaging areas 321 and 322 are loaded with the phase distribution of Fresnel lenses of different focal lengths, so that the light beam passing through the imaging area 321 can be imaged in the imaging area.
  • the imaging screen 332 On the screen 331, the light beam passing through the imaging area 322 is imaged on the imaging screen 332. Both the imaging screen 331 and the imaging screen 332 can observe the complete image generated by the PGU module 310. Since the focal length of the lens on the spatial light modulator can be adjusted arbitrarily, the imaging surface can be formed at any position in the space, and the position of the imaging screen can be adjusted arbitrarily.
  • the spatial light modulator controls the number and position of focal planes by loading phase information, which has high flexibility. By flexibly adjusting the focal position through the spatial light modulator, any focal length can be continuously adjusted, and any number of focal planes (or imaging planes) at any position can be realized.
  • 4a and 4b are the phase distribution diagrams of the Fresnel lens provided by this application.
  • the imaging areas 321 and 322 on the surface of the spatial light modulator are loaded with the phase distribution of two Fresnel lenses with different focal lengths as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, two different focal planes, namely imaging screens 331, 332 can be adjusted to two different focal planes respectively.
  • the phase distribution of the Fresnel lens is loaded on the surface of the spatial light modulator to control the light field, which is equivalent to the function of the lens.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator can be divided into a number and arbitrary shape of imaging areas by means of software, and different phase distributions are loaded on different areas to form different focal planes.
  • 5a-5d are schematic diagrams of the imaging area division of the four spatial light modulators provided by this application.
  • the surface of the spatial modulator is divided into two rectangular regions.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator is divided into three rectangular areas.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator is divided into two irregular regions.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator is divided into three irregular regions.
  • each imaging area of the spatial light modulator can also be divided into N imaging areas such as squares, sectors, triangles, circles, and polygons.
  • the surface of the spatial light modulator is loaded with a grayscale pattern of 0-255 (corresponding to a phase depth of 0-2 ⁇ ), and each imaging area can be loaded with the phase distribution of lenses with different focal lengths.
  • each imaging area of the spatial light modulator is loaded with the phase distribution of the Zernike lens or the phase distribution of the Fresnel lens, and these phase distributions can be realized by holographic imaging functions such as the Zernike function and the Fresnel lens function. Different areas produce different focal planes, and the imaging of each focal plane can be a 2D image.
  • the area of the spatial light modulator can be divided by software, supporting arbitrary boundary shapes and high flexibility.
  • the surface area of the spatial light modulator can be flexibly divided into imaging areas of any number, shape, and focal length, so as to realize an arbitrarily adjustable multi-focal surface system.
  • the number, shape, and focal length of the imaging area can be determined by environmental factors (such as cars, pedestrians, road conditions, etc.) during the driving process, so that different information can be imaged on different focal planes.
  • Figures 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of bifocal imaging provided by this application.
  • one of the focal planes can be fixed, and the focal length of the Fresnel lens can be adjusted arbitrarily to construct an adjustable bifocal plane.
  • Figure 6a shows the images of letter A and letter B at different focal planes. Letter A is clearer than letter B. At this time, if you want to clearly observe letter A and letter B at the same time, you can image them separately Different imaging screens (such as imaging screens 331 and 332).
  • Figure 6b shows the image of letter A and letter B at the same focal plane. The clarity of letter A and letter B is roughly the same. At this time, the letters can be clearly observed on the same imaging screen (such as imaging screen 331). A and the letter B.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging area division method provided by this application. As shown in FIG. 7, the spatial position in front of the human eye can be divided into multiple imaging surface areas, and different imaging surface areas can be located at different spatial positions. By dividing the surface area of the spatial light modulator similarly as shown in FIGS. 5a-5d, and loading different phase distributions in different areas, different imaging planes (or focal planes) are produced.
  • the dashboard 701 and 702 are imaged at a distance of 30-40 cm in front of the human eye
  • the navigation information 703 is imaged at a distance of 2-3 meters in front of the human eye
  • the map 704 is imaged at a distance of 3-5 meters in front of the human eye
  • prompting information (such as weather , Surrounding buildings, etc.) 705 is imaged 5-10 meters in front of the human eye.
  • the spatial light modulator loads different phase information in a partitioned manner, thereby controlling the number and positions of focal planes, which has high flexibility.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that the spatial light modulator 320 is located at the imaging surface 340 of the PGU module 310.
  • part of the image generated by the PGU module 310 can be observed on the imaging screens 331 and 332.
  • the image boundary of different parts depends on the imaging area division of the spatial light modulator 320.
  • the image generated by the PGU module 310 contains the letter A and the letter B, the letter A is observed on the imaging screen 331, and the letter B is observed on the imaging screen 332.
  • the letter A and the letter B can be observed on both the imaging screen 331 and the imaging screen 332.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-focus image generating device provided by this application.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that the spatial light modulator 320 is located inside the PGU module 310.
  • the spatial light modulator 320 may be arranged before the imaging assembly 311 or after the imaging assembly 311. Similar to the embodiment in FIG. 7, the imaging screens 331 and 332 can observe part of the images generated by the PGU module 310. The image boundary of different parts depends on the imaging area division of the spatial light modulator 320.
  • the spatial light modulator can be inserted into multiple positions inside or outside the image generation unit, and the optical path is upgraded based on the image generation unit, which is simple to implement.
  • any focal length can be continuously adjusted, and any number of focal planes (or imaging planes) at any position can be realized.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a HUD provided by this application.
  • the HUD may include the multi-focus image generating device 1001 and the imaging screen 1002 in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the multi-focus image generating device 1001 has multiple focal planes for generating multiple images, and different images are imaged on different focal planes.
  • the imaging screen 1002 may include a diffusion screen, curtain, white paper, and the like. The imaging screen 1002 is set at the position of the focal plane, and is used to receive images on different focal planes generated by the image generating device 1001.
  • Images on different focal planes can be received through one imaging screen, and images on multiple focal planes can also be received through multiple imaging screens (one imaging screen corresponds to one focal plane).
  • optical elements such as light path folding mirrors and reflectors can be provided to project the light beam reflected on the imaging surface of the imaging screen onto the windshield 1003, so as to make the virtual image formed on the windshield ( Or images) 1004 and 1005 are received by human eyes 1006.
  • the focal length of the multi-focus image generating device 1001 can be continuously adjusted, so that different imaging surfaces are generated at different positions of the same imaging screen or multiple imaging screens at different positions, and finally the human eyes observe images at different distances.
  • the HUD provided in this application can be used in driving equipment such as cars, buses, and airplanes, and can also be applied to a variety of AR display scenarios. Among them, when the HUD is applied to the driving device, the HUD can be installed in the cab of the driving device, and the image generated by the HUD is reflected to the human eye through the windshield glass of the driving device.
  • Applying the multifocal imaging device of the embodiment of the present application to a HUD can make the focal length of the HUD continuously adjustable, and different information is presented on different imaging surfaces, and the user does not need to adjust the focus frequently during driving, which improves the user experience.

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Abstract

一种多焦图像生成装置（1001）、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备，其中，装置包括图像生成单元（310）和焦距调节器（320）。图像生成单元（310），用于产生携带图像信息的光束，并将光束照射至焦距调节器（320）的表面；焦距调节器（320），用于对照射至焦距调节器（320）表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成多焦图像生成装置（1001）的多个焦面（331，332）。通过焦距调节器（320）灵活调节焦距，可以实现任意焦距连续可调，并且实现任意数量、任意位置的焦面或成像面（331，332）。

Description

一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备
本申请要求于2020年5月15日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010415276.1、发明名称为“一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及图像显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置及相关方法。
背景技术
抬头显示(Head up display，HUD)，又称为平行显示系统，是指以驾驶员为中心的多功能仪表盘。它的作用是把时速、导航等重要的行车信息，投影到驾驶员前面的风挡玻璃上，让驾驶员尽量做到不低头、不转头就能看到时速、导航等重要的驾驶信息。图1为一种HUD的显示界面示意图，如图1所示，HUD显示的图像包括时速“4km/h”，导航“20m右转箭头”等信息。
但是，由于普通HUD显示的图像和实际道路上的物体并不是在同一个焦平面，导致驾驶员的人眼需要在道路物体和HUD成像面之间来回切换，调整眼睛的焦点。当前的HUD虽然解决了低头的问题，但频繁调整焦点也会导致视觉疲劳，降低了用户体验。为了实现真正意义上的基于增强显示(Augmented reality，AR)的HUD，需要解决图像生成装置多焦面成像的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置及相关方法，主要目的是解决图像生成装置多焦面成像的技术问题，实现任意焦距连续可调。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种多焦图像生成装置，该装置包括：图像生成单元和焦距调节器。所述图像生成单元，用于产生携带图像信息的光束，并将所述光束照射至所述焦距调节器的表面；所述焦距调节器，用于对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面。
本申请的技术方案中，可以基于图像生成单元光路改造升级，实现简单。通过焦距调节器灵活调节焦距位置，可以实现任意焦距连续可调，并且实现任意数量、任意位置的焦面(或成像面)。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器通过加载不同的相位信息，使得所述多焦图像生成装置生成多个焦面，其中，不同的相位信息对应不同的焦面。
本申请的技术方案中，焦距调节器通过加载相位信息调节焦距，从而控制焦面的数量和位置，具有较高的灵活性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器包括多个成像区域，不同的成像区域对应不同的焦面。焦距调节器的成像区域可以通过软件划分，支持任意边界形状，灵活性高。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述不同的成像区域加载的相位信息不同。在不同的成像区域加载不同的相位信息，可以实现不同焦面的图像分区显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面之后，或者，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面处，或者，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面之前。焦距调节器的位置可灵活设置，只要图像生成单元的产生的光束能够被焦距调节器接收即可。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器加载的相位信息包括菲涅尔透镜的相位分布或泽尼克透镜的相位分布。通过改变焦距调节器上加载的菲涅尔透镜或泽尼克透镜的相位分布图案，可以改变等效透镜的焦距，从而控制多焦图像生成装置产生连续的多个焦面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器为空间光调制器。该空间光调制器可以为相位型空间光调制器，可以基于液晶或微机电系统实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器的前方设置偏振片，所述偏振片用于使所述光束的偏振态对齐所述焦距调节器的配向层方向。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种多焦图像生成的方法，该方法应用于多焦图像生成装置，所述多焦图像生成装置包括图像生成单元和焦距调节器。该方法包括：通过图像生成单元产生携带图像信息的光束，并将所述光束照射至焦距调节器的表面；通过所述焦距调节器对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面。
本申请的技术方案中，可以基于图像生成单元光路改造升级，实现简单。通过焦距调节器灵活调节焦距位置，可以实现任意焦距连续可调，并且实现任意数量、任意位置的焦面(或成像面)。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面：在焦距调节器上加载不同的相位信息，使得所述多焦图像生成装置生产多个焦面，其中，不同的相位信息对应不同的焦面。
本申请的技术方案中，焦距调节器通过加载相位信息调节焦距，从而控制焦面的数量和位置，具有较高的灵活性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法包括：将所述焦距调节器划分为多个成像区域，不同的成像区域对应不同的焦面。焦距调节器的成像区域可以通过软件划分，支持任意边界形状，灵活性高。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述不同的成像区域加载不同的相位信息。在不同的成像区域加载不同的相位信息，可以实现不同焦面的图像分区显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器加载的相位信息包括菲涅尔透镜的相位分布或泽尼克透镜的相位分布。通过改变焦距调节器上加载的菲涅尔透镜或泽尼克透镜的相位分布图案，可以改变等效透镜的焦距，从而控制多焦图像生成装置产生连续的多个焦面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述焦距调节器为空间光调制器。该空间光调制器可以为相位型空间光调制器，可以基于液晶或微机电系统实现。
一种可能的实现方式中，通过偏振片使所述光束的偏振态对齐所述焦距调节器的配向层方向，所述偏振片设置于所述焦距调节器的前方。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种抬头显示装置，其特征在于，所述抬头显示装置包括如第一方面或第一方面中任意一种可能的实现方式中的所述的多焦图像生成装置和成像组件，所述多焦图像生成装置，用于生成多个图像，所述多焦图像生成装置具有多个焦面，其中，不同的焦面对应所述多个图像中的不同图像；所述成像组件，用于对所述多个图像进行成像，以供人眼接收。
本申请的技术方案，除了用于抬头显示装置外，还可以应用于平板玻璃显示、投影仪等 显示装置中。通过多焦图像单元产生连续可调的焦面，可以使不同的信息在不同的成像面呈现，提升了用户体验。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种驾驶设备，包括：驾驶室、安装在驾驶室上的风挡玻璃、如第三方面所述的抬头显示装置，所述抬头显示装置安装在所述驾驶室内，所述风挡玻璃将所述抬头显示装置产生的图像进行反射并成像。
本申请的技术方案，可以解决车载抬头显示的多焦面成像技术问题，用户在驾驶过程中不需要频繁调整焦点，提高了用户体验。
附图说明
图1为一种HUD的显示界面示意图；
图2为本申请提供的一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图；
图3为本申请提供的一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图；
图4a、4b为本申请提供的菲涅尔透镜相位分布图；
图5a-5d为本申请提供的四种空间光调制器的成像区域划分示意图；
图6a、6b为本申请提供的双焦面成像示意图；
图7为本申请提供的一种成像面区域划分方式示意图；
图8为本申请提供的另一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图；
图9为本申请提供的又一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图；
图10为本申请提供的一种HUD的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例涉及一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置及相关方法，下面结合附图进行详细描述。
图2为本申请提供的一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图。如图2所示，多焦成像装置包括图像生成单元(pattern generation unit，PGU)模组201和焦距调节器202。其中，PGU模组201可以包括光源和成像组件，光源用于产生带有图像信息的光束。成像组件可以包括透镜、透镜组等，对光源产生的光束进行成像，使得多焦图像生成装置产生不同的焦面(焦面1，焦面2，…，焦面N)，并且该多个焦面可以连续可调。焦距调节器203可以为空间光调制器(Spatial light modulator，SLM)，SLM可以基于不同厚度的透明介质器件、硅基液晶(liquid crystal on silicon，LCoS)、微机电系统(Microelectromechanical systems，MEMS)、压电陶瓷等实现。通过SLM加载任意相位分布的全息相位图，可以改变焦面的位置，在无需改变光路中成像组件的物理位置的情况下可以实现任意焦距的连续可调，从而产生连续可变的成像面。本申请所说的“焦面”和“成像面”可以指代同一空间位置，即光束成像的位置。SLM的焦距变化时，焦面或成像面也会随之变化。
图3为本申请提供的一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图。如图3所示，多焦图像生成装置可以包括PGU模组310和空间光调制器320。可选的，多焦图像生成装置在焦面处可以设置成像屏331、332。成像屏331、332可以采用扩散屏、幕布、白纸等实现，设置于焦面(或成像面)的位置，用于接收焦面上的图像。PGU模组310可以包括振幅成像单元311和成像组件312，振幅成像单元311可以为单色光源或复色光源。成像组件312可以为透镜或透镜组。PGU模组310用于产生携带图像信息的光束，并在某个空间位置处形成成像面340。空间光调制器320可以设置于PGU模组310的成像面340之后，光束离开成像面340后扩散， 充分弥散均匀后照射至空间光调制器320的表面，即光束扩散之后正好被空间光调制器320接收。空间光调制器320可以采用反射式或透射式，基于透镜介质器件、LCoS、MEMS、压电陶瓷等实现。可选的，在空间光调制器320的前方放置偏振片350，以使入射到空间光调制器表面的光束的偏振态对齐空间光调制器的配向层方向。当空间光调制器320集成了偏振片，则不需要额外放置偏振片。空间光调制器上可以加载相位分布，实现等效透镜的功能以汇聚光束，从而成像于成像屏331及成像屏332处。通过调节空间光调制器320等效的透镜焦距，可以改变成像屏331、332的位置，从而使成像屏331、332的位置可以任意调节。例如，空间光调制器320的表面可以划分为两个成像区域321、322，并在成像区域321、322分别加载不同焦距的菲涅尔透镜相位分布，从而使经过成像区域321的光束成像于成像屏331，经过成像区域322的光束成像于成像屏332。成像屏331和成像屏332上均可以观察到PGU模组310产生的完整图像。由于空间光调制器上的透镜焦距可以任意调节，在空间的任意位置的形成成像面，实现成像屏为位置任意可调。
本申请的实施例中，空间光调制器通过加载相位信息从而控制焦面的数量和位置，具有较高的灵活性。通过空间光调制器灵活调节焦距位置，可以实现任意焦距连续可调，并且实现任意数量、任意位置的焦面(或成像面)。
下面结合具体的例子介绍空间光调制器调节成像屏的位置的原理。图4a、4b为本申请提供的菲涅尔透镜相位分布图。当空间光调制器表面的成像区域321、322分别加载如图4a、4b所示的两个不同焦距的菲涅尔透镜的相位分布时，即可形成两个不同焦面，即成像屏331、332可以分别调节到两个不同的焦面处。在空间光调制器的表面加载菲涅尔透镜的相位分布来控制光场，从而等效于透镜的功能。其中，菲涅尔相位的第m个环的半径rm＝(2mfλ)1/2，其中λ为入射光的波长，f为第m个环的相位下等效的透镜焦距。可见，空间光调制器通过加载不同的相位分布，可以实现不同焦距的透镜功能，从而调节焦面及成像屏的位置。
空间光调制器的表面可以通过软件的方式划分为数量、任意形状的干个成像区域，在不同的区域上加载不同相位分布，从而形成不同的焦面。图5a-5d为本申请提供的四种空间光调制器的成像区域划分示意图。如图5a所示，空间调制器的表面划分为两个矩形区域。如图5b所示，空间光调制器的表面划分为三个矩形区域。如图5c所示，空间光调制器的表面划分为两个不规则的区域。如图5d所示，空间光调制器的表面划分为三个不规则的区域。除了图5a-5d所示的划分方式，还可也划分为方形、扇形、三角形、圆形、多边形等N个成像区域。空间光调制器的表面加载灰度0-255(对应0-2π相位深度)的图案，每个成像区域可以加载不同焦距的透镜的相位分布。例如，在空间光调制器的各个成像区域加载泽尼克透镜的相位分布或菲涅尔透镜的相位分布，这些相位分布可以通过如泽尼克函数、菲涅尔透镜函数等全息成像函数实现。不同的区域产生不同的焦面，每个焦面的成像可以为2D图像。空间光调制器的区域可以通过软件划分，支持任意边界形状，灵活性高。空间光调制器的表面区域可以灵活划分为任意数量、任意形状、任意焦距的成像区域，从而实现任意可调的多焦面系统。成像区域的数量、形状、焦距可以由汽车行驶过程中的环境因素(如汽车、行人、道路状况等)来确定，从而实现不同的信息在不同的焦面成像。
图6a、6b为本申请提供的双焦面成像示意图。在实际应用中，可以固定其中一个焦面，任意调节菲涅尔透镜的焦距以构造可调的双焦面。图6a示出了字母A和字母B在不同焦面时产生的图像，字母A相对于字母B较为清晰，此时，想要同时清晰地观察到字母A和字母B，可以将它们分别成像于不同的成像屏(如成像屏331和332)上。图6b示出了字母A和字母B在相同焦面时的图像，字母A和字母B的清晰度大致相同，此时，可以在同一个成像屏(如 成像屏331)同时清晰地观察到字母A和字母B。
图7为本申请提供的一种成像面区域划分方式示意图。如图7所示，在人眼前方的空间位置上，可以划分为多个成像面区域，不同的成像面区域可以位于不同的空间位置。通过类似图5a-5d所示对空间光调制器表面区域进行划分，并在不同的区域加载不同的相位分布，从而使产生不同的成像面(或焦面)。例如，仪表盘701、702成像于人眼前方30-40cm处，导航信息703成像于人眼前方2-3米处，地图704成像成像于人眼前方3-5米处，提示信息(如天气、周边的建筑物等)705成像于人眼前方5-10米处。通过对空间光调制器表面进行区域划分，并在不同的区域加载不同的相位分布，从而实现不同焦面的图像分区显示。
本申请的实施例中，空间光调制器通过分区的方式加载不同相位信息，从而控制焦面的数量和位置，具有较高的灵活性。
图8为本申请提供的另一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图。如图8所示，和图3所示实施例的区别在于，空间光调制器320的位置设置于PGU模组310的成像面340处。此时，成像屏331、332上可以观察到PGU模组310产生的部分图像。不同的部分的图像分界取决于空间光调制器320的成像区域划分。例如，PGU模组310产生的图像包含字母A和字母B，成像屏331上观察到字母A，成像屏332上观察到字母B。而图3的实施例中，可以成像屏331和成像屏332上均可以观察到字母A和字母B。
图9为本申请提供的又一种多焦图像生成装置的结构示意图。如图9所示，和图3所示实施例的区别在于，空间光调制器320的位置设置于PGU模组310内部。可选的，空间光调制器320可以设置于成像组件311之前，也可以设置于成像组件311之后。和图7的实施例类似的，成像屏331、332可以观察到PGU模组310产生的部分图像。不同的部分的图像分界取决于空间光调制器320的成像区域划分。
本申请的实施例中，可以将空间光调制器插入图像生成单元内部或外部的多处位置，基于图像生成单元的光路升级改造，实现简单。通过空间光调制器灵活调节焦距位置，可以实现任意焦距连续可调，并且实现任意数量、任意位置的焦面(或成像面)。
本申请实施例图中的多焦成像装置可以应用于HUD、投影仪、平板玻璃显示等显示设备中。以HUD为例进行说明，图10为本申请提供的一种HUD的结构示意图。如图10所示，HUD可以包括前述任一实施例中的多焦图像生成装置1001和成像屏1002。其中，多焦图像生成装置1001具有多个焦面，用于生成多幅图像，并且不同的图像成像于不同的焦面上。成像屏1002可以包括扩散屏、幕布、白纸等。成像屏1002设置于焦面的位置处，用于接收图像生成装置1001生成的不同焦面上的图像。可以通过一个成像屏接收不同焦面上的图像，还可以通过多个成像屏分别接收多个焦面上的图像(一个成像屏对应一个焦面)。可选的，成像屏1002之后还可以设置光路折叠镜、反射镜等光学元件，用于将成像屏上成像面反射的光束投射至挡风玻璃1003上，从而使挡风玻璃上形成的虚像(或图像)1004、1005被人眼1006接收。其中，多焦图像生成装置1001的焦距的可以连续调节，从而在同一个成像屏的不同位置或不同位置处的多个成像屏上产生不同的成像面，最后人眼观察到不同距离的图像。
本申请的提供的HUD可以用于汽车、公交车、飞机等驾驶设备中，还可以应用于多种AR显示场景。其中，当HUD应用于驾驶设备时，HUD可以安装于驾驶设备的驾驶室内，通过驾驶设备的风挡玻璃将HUD产生的图像反射至人眼处。
将本申请实施例的多焦图像装置应用于HUD，可以使HUD的焦距连续可调，不同的信息在不同的成像面上呈现，用户在驾驶过程中不需要频繁调整焦点，提高了用户体验。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例 或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括图像生成单元和焦距调节器，
    所述图像生成单元，用于产生携带图像信息的光束，并将所述光束照射至所述焦距调节器的表面；
    所述焦距调节器，用于对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器通过加载不同的相位信息，使得所述多焦图像生成装置生成多个焦面，其中，不同的相位信息对应不同的焦面。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器包括多个成像区域，不同的成像区域对应不同的焦面。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述不同的成像区域加载的相位信息不同。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面之后，或者，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面处，或者，所述焦距调节器设置于所述图像生成单元的成像面之前。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器加载的相位信息包括菲涅尔透镜的相位分布或泽尼克透镜的相位分布。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器为空间光调制器。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一所述的多焦图像生成装置，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器的前方设置偏振片，所述偏振片用于使所述光束的偏振态对齐所述焦距调节器的配向层方向。
  9. 一种多焦图像生成的方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于多焦图像生成装置，所述多焦图像生成装置包括图像生成单元和焦距调节器，所述方法包括：
    通过所述图像生成单元产生携带图像信息的光束，并将所述光束照射至所述焦距调节器的表面；
    通过所述焦距调节器对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对照射至所述焦距调节器表面的光束进行焦距调节，以生成所述多焦图像生成装置的多个焦面：
    在焦距调节器上加载不同的相位信息，使得所述多焦图像生成装置生产多个焦面，其中，不同的相位信息对应不同的焦面。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    将所述焦距调节器划分为多个成像区域，不同的成像区域对应不同的焦面。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述不同的成像区域加载不同的相位信息。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器加载的相位信息包括菲涅尔透镜的相位分布或泽尼克透镜的相位分布。
  14. 如权利要求9-13任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焦距调节器为空间光调制器。
  15. 如权利要求9-14任一所述的方法，其特征在于，通过偏振片使所述光束的偏振态对齐所述焦距调节器的配向层方向，所述偏振片设置于所述焦距调节器的前方。
  16. 一种抬头显示装置，其特征在于，所述抬头显示装置包括如权利要求1-8任一所述的多焦图像生成装置和成像组件，
    所述多焦图像生成装置，用于生成多个图像，所述多焦图像生成装置具有多个焦面，其中，不同的焦面对应所述多个图像中的不同图像；
    所述成像组件，用于对所述多个图像进行成像。
  17. 一种驾驶设备，包括：驾驶室、安装在驾驶室上的风挡玻璃、如权利要求16所述的抬头显示装置，所述抬头显示装置安装在所述驾驶室内，所述风挡玻璃将所述抬头显示装置产生的图像进行反射成像。
PCT/CN2021/081943 2020-05-15 2021-03-20 一种多焦图像生成装置、抬头显示装置、相关方法及设备 WO2021227656A1 (zh)

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