WO2021226896A1

WO2021226896A1 - Anti-jamming device for crusher

Info

Publication number: WO2021226896A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/090107
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王耀文
Original assignee: 青岛海鲸环境科技有限公司; 王耀文
Priority date: 2020-05-13
Filing date: 2020-05-13
Publication date: 2021-11-18

Abstract

The present invention provides an anti-jamming device for a crusher, comprising a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprising a cutter head and a feed bin provided above the cutter head, a material pushing mechanism being further provided between the feed bin and the cutter head, the material pushing mechanism comprising a mounting base connected between the cutter head and the feed bin, one side of the mounting base being further provided with a waste discharge port; a material pushing head is movably mounted on the mounting base, and the mounting base is further provided with a first driving component which is connected to the material pushing head and drives the material pushing head to move towards the waste discharge port. By providing a material pushing mechanism between the cutter head and the feed bin, when a jamming failure occurs inside the cutter head, the material pushing head is pushed towards the waste discharge port by means of the first driving component, and the jammed material is pushed away from the cutter head by means of the material pushing head, thus removing the failure. The invention reduces the difficulty of handling jammed material in a crusher.

Description

Anti-blocking device of shredder

Technical field

The invention belongs to an auxiliary device for a shredder, and in particular relates to a device used for an auxiliary material pushing of the shredder to prevent the shredder from blocking the material.

Background technique

Shredders are commonly used equipment for crushing materials. The basic components include feed bin, cutter head, discharge conveyor, discharge port, frame, electric control box, motor, reducer, coupling, etc. The working process is as follows: start the motor, the motor drives the reducer to rotate, the reducer drives the two sets of cutter teeth in the cutter head to rotate relative to each other through the coupling. The material enters the feed bin and is broken into small-sized materials after passing through the cutter teeth. It is conveyed by the discharge conveying device through the discharge port. Due to the complex composition of crushed materials, especially when used to dispose of domestic garbage, when working with conventional shredders, failures of not eating materials and jamming are often encountered.

The inventor of this case has discovered through research that one of the reasons that often cause machine jams is that harder materials such as hard iron blocks, weights, crowbars and other materials that cannot be shredded by the cutter teeth are placed in the feed bin, which causes the knife The teeth cannot rotate, and the motor stops after overloading. Once the equipment encounters this situation, it needs to manually unload all the materials loaded into the silo, and then find the material that caused the equipment failure and remove it manually. Not only is it time-consuming and laborious, but there are also major safety hazards. In addition, in the process of manual material removal, there is a risk of mishandling workers being bitten by knife teeth, ranging from disability to death. At the same time, this kind of card machine failure will cause damage to the equipment itself. Common damages include irreparable losses such as burned motors, broken teeth, and twisted shafts.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for an anti-blocking device for shredders for automatic troubleshooting of machine jams.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to provide an anti-blocking device of a shredder to solve the problem of difficulty in handling the material blocking of the shredder.

The specific scheme is as follows: an anti-blocking device of a shredder, a shredding mechanism, the shredding mechanism includes a cutter head and a feed bin arranged above the cutter head, and also includes a material pushing mechanism:

The pushing mechanism includes a mounting seat connected between the cutter head and the feed bin, and one side of the mounting seat is also provided with a garbage ejection port;

The mounting seat is movably installed with a material pushing head, and the mounting seat is also provided with a connector for the material pushing head and a first driving component which drives the material pushing head to move toward the garbage ejection port.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the cutter head includes a cutter head housing, the cutter head housing is provided with a shredding knife shaft; the mounting seat is fixed on the cutter head housing; the mounting seat includes a slide rail assembly and a fixing Part, the pushing head is slidably mounted on the slide rail assembly, and the first driving component is arranged on the fixing part and connected to the pushing head. The mounting seat is fixed on the cutter head shell, and the fixing effect is good; the mounting seat is provided with a slide rail assembly to realize stable guiding support for the ejector head.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the upper and lower sides of the cutter head shell are respectively provided with a feeding port and a blanking port, the mounting seat is fixed at the feeding port, and the garbage ejection port is provided on a longitudinal direction of the mounting seat. side. Setting the garbage ejection port on one side of the length direction realizes the ejection of materials along the direction of the shredding knife axis (that is, the length direction), and realizes the removal of jammed materials from the side of the cutter teeth and smooth removal.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the shredding mechanism includes a main drive module connected to the shredding knife shaft in transmission, and also includes an auxiliary drive module;

The auxiliary drive module includes an auxiliary drive motor, and a clutch that connects the auxiliary drive motor and the shredder shaft in transmission;

The material pushing head includes a baffle arranged horizontally and a push plate arranged longitudinally under the baffle, and the first driving component is connected under the baffle. By setting the baffle structure, after the pushing head moves to the top of the cutter head, the baffle isolates the material in the feeding bin to prevent the material from falling continuously and affecting the cleaning effect; of course, the side facing away from the garbage ejection port can also be set to pass reverse The push-out port realizes that the longitudinal push plate scrapes out the jammed material during the return process of the pusher head, which can clean the material again and push it out in the reverse direction, which further improves the cleaning effect.

The further technical solution of the present invention is: it also includes a material pressing mechanism:

The material pressing mechanism includes a material pressing frame, a material pressing component and a second driving component; the second driving parts are all arranged on the material pressing frame, and the material pressing component is movably installed on the material pressing frame and connected to the first The two driving parts further have a material pressing position protruding into the feed bin and an initial position drawn away from the feed bin.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the material pressing frame is arranged on one side of the feeding bin and extending to the upper position of the feeding bin; the material pressing component is a connecting rod assembly installed at the upper end of the material pressing frame; The second driving part is a material pressing oil cylinder, and both ends of the material pressing oil cylinder are respectively pivoted on the material pressing frame and the connecting rod assembly.

A further technical solution of the present invention is that the connecting rod assembly is a four-bar linkage assembly; the connecting rod on the side of the four-bar linkage assembly facing away from the press frame is also provided with a pressure plate to form a presser foot.

A further technical solution of the present invention is that the feeding bin is also provided with a material shifting mechanism: the material shifting mechanism includes a material shifting motor, a crank and a material shifting rod; the material shifting rod is pivotally installed in the feeding bin, and The material shifting motor is connected to the material shifting rod through the crank.

A further technical solution of the present invention is that the shift lever is pivoted on the inner wall of the feeding bin, and the lower end of the shift lever is also provided with a shifting piece projecting toward the inside of the feeding bin;

The further technical solution of the present invention is to further include a waste ejection mechanism: the waste ejection mechanism includes a receiving hopper and a waste ejector: the receiving hopper is arranged at the position of the garbage ejection port of the ejecting mechanism; the waste ejector is connected to the receiving hopper The lower end.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: further comprising an automatic control mechanism: the automatic control mechanism includes a controller and an ammeter communicatively connected with the controller; the ammeter is arranged on the power supply circuit of the shredding mechanism, and the controller and The actuator of the pushing mechanism is electrically connected; it also includes a material detection sensor communicatively connected with the controller, and the material detection sensor is arranged below the shredding knife; the controller and the control module or actuator of the shredding mechanism Electric connection.

Beneficial effects: The anti-blocking device of the shredder of the present invention includes a shredding mechanism, the shredding mechanism includes a cutter head and a feed bin arranged above the cutter head, and there is also a shredder between the feed bin and the cutter head. There is a pushing mechanism: the pushing mechanism includes a mounting seat connected between the cutter head and the feed bin, and one side of the mounting seat is also provided with a garbage ejection port; the mounting seat is movably mounted with a pushing head, the The mounting seat is also provided with a connector for the pushing head and a first driving component for driving the pushing head to move toward the garbage ejection port. By setting a material pushing mechanism between the cutter head and the feed bin, when a jam machine failure occurs in the cutter head, the first driving part pushes the material pushing head toward the garbage ejection port, and the material of the jam machine is pushed away by the material pushing head. The cutter head realizes the fault removal. The problem of the difficulty in handling the material blocking of the shredder is solved.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a front view of an anti-blocking device of a shredder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a side view of an anti-blocking device of a shredder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a top view of the pushing mechanism in the first embodiment;

Figure 4 shows a front view of the anti-blocking device of the shredder according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the shift lever in Figure 4;

Fig. 6 shows the front view of the anti-blocking device of the shredder according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention is provided with drawings. These drawings are a part of the disclosure of the present invention, which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments, and can cooperate with the relevant description in the specification to explain the operation principle of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation manners and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figure are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to indicate similar components.

The present invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this embodiment provides an anti-blocking device for a shredder, which includes a shredding mechanism 1. In this embodiment, the shredding mechanism 1 is a double-shaft shredder. It includes a cutter head 10 with two counter-rotating knife shafts inside, and a feed bin 11 with a flared structure is provided above the cutter head 10 for carrying materials and throwing waste materials to be crushed into the cutter head 10 , The shredding knife is driven by the rotating knife shaft in the cutter head 10 to complete the cutting and shredding.

A main driving module 12 of the cutter head 10, in this embodiment, the main driving module 12 includes a driving motor and a transmission gear box to synchronously drive the two rotating knife shafts to rotate in opposite directions to realize the shredding action. In order to avoid the problem of insufficient shredding force, this embodiment also provides an auxiliary drive module.

The auxiliary drive module includes an auxiliary drive motor. In this embodiment, the auxiliary drive module is a hydraulic drive module, the auxiliary drive motor is a hydraulic motor 13, and includes a clutch 14 that connects the hydraulic motor 13 to the shredder shaft. When the main drive module is stuck and cannot rotate, the clutch is operated to make the output power of the hydraulic motor 13 engage with the rotating shaft of the cutter head, start the hydraulic system, and the hydraulic motor 13 outputs high torque to drive the cutter shaft to rotate. After eliminating the jamming failure, operate the clutch to separate the output power of the hydraulic motor 13 from the cutter head shaft. Of course, in other specific embodiments, the auxiliary drive module may also be a fuel drive module or an electric drive module. Correspondingly, the auxiliary drive motor is an internal combustion engine or an electric motor.

As shown in FIG. 3, the shredding mechanism 1 includes a material pushing mechanism 3.

Wherein, the pushing mechanism 3 includes a mounting seat 30 connected to the cutter head 10. In this embodiment, the mounting seat 30 has a rectangular frame structure; the cutter head 10 includes a rectangular cutter head housing, the The upper and lower sides of the cutter head shell penetrate through and respectively form a feeding port connected to the feeding bin 11 and a blanking port for discharging the shredded material. Two shredding knife shafts are arranged in the cutter head shell and rotatably installed in the cutter head shell. On the blade housing; the mounting seat 30 is fixed at the feeding port on the upper side of the cutter head housing.

Wherein, the mounting seat 30 is also provided with a slide rail assembly, and the slide rail assembly includes two slide rail members 31. The two slide rail members 31 are provided on opposite sides of the feed opening of the cutter head housing, and then are positioned at the feed opening. A through channel for blanking is formed.

The mounting seat 30 is also movably installed with a pushing head 32. Specifically, the pushing head 32 is slidably mounted on the two slide rail members 31, and can then slide back and forth along the length of the shredding knife shaft along the slide rail member 31. .

One side of the mounting seat 30 is provided with a garbage ejection port, and the other side extends to the outside of the cutter head 10, and is connected to a fixing part. In this embodiment, the fixing part is arranged between the two slide rails 31 Fixed plate.

The fixed plate is pivotally provided with a pusher cylinder 33 as a first driving component. The piston rod of the pusher cylinder 33 is hinged on the pusher head 32 to drive the pusher head 32 to move toward the garbage ejection port of the mounting seat 30. Preferably, the material pushing cylinder 33 is parallel to the length direction of the shredding knife shaft, and the garbage pushing port is provided on one side of the length direction of the mounting seat 30. With this setting, under the condition of small pushing force, the jammed material can be pushed out, and the pushing direction is perpendicular to the cutting direction of the shredding blade, and the cleaning effect is better.

In this embodiment, the specific structure of the ejector head 32 is: the ejector head 32 is in an L shape, and includes a horizontal/horizontal baffle and a vertical/longitudinal push plate below the baffle. Then, the pushing cylinder 33 is connected below the baffle.

At the same time, the mounting seat 30 is also provided with a reverse ejection port at a position away from the garbage ejection port. In this embodiment, the garbage ejection port and the reverse ejection port are respectively provided at positions corresponding to both ends of the longitudinal direction of the knife shaft, and then During the resetting process of the ejector head 32, the inner surface of the ejector plate can reversely scrape the remaining material above the shredder shaft and discharge it from the reverse ejection port to further clean up the accumulation.

2 again, this embodiment also has a material pressing mechanism 2: the material pressing mechanism 2 includes a material pressing frame 21, which is a vertical installation frame, which is arranged in the feeding bin 11 It extends upward from the mounting seat 30 to the upper position of the feeding bin 11.

The pressing frame 21 is also movably installed with a pressing assembly and a second driving component: in this embodiment, the pressing assembly is a four-bar assembly 23 installed at the upper end of the pressing frame 21, two of which are A parallel horizontal connecting rod is pivoted on the press frame 21 and extends obliquely toward the upper part of the feed bin 11; the lower end of the connecting rod on the side away from the press frame 21 is also provided with a horizontal pressing plate 25, Furthermore, a presser foot 24 is formed; this four-link arrangement ensures that the presser plate 25 can move in translation and has a material pressing position protruding into the feed bin 11 and an initial position drawn away from the feed bin 11.

The second driving component is a material pressing oil cylinder 22 pivoted on the material pressing frame 21. The piston rod of the material pressing oil cylinder 22 is hinged on the four-bar linkage assembly 23 to drive the four-bar linkage assembly 23 to swing to realize the pressing plate 25 Switch between pressing position and initial position.

In this embodiment, a transverse link of the four-link assembly 23 protrudes away from the feed bin 11, and the press cylinder is hinged on the protruding part, thereby realizing the press cylinder 22 and the four-bar assembly 23 are respectively arranged on both sides of the pressing frame 21 to ensure smooth feeding and avoid mechanism interference.

One of the reasons that often cause the machine not to eat is: when a bottle-like smooth object such as a wine bottle (bottle for short) is placed in the silo, the knife teeth cannot bite and bear the force, resulting in a phenomenon that the bottle cannot be shredded. It stays above the knife teeth. When it accumulates to a certain amount, the remaining and accumulated bottle objects will form an isolation layer, which makes the knife teeth unable to contact other materials, and then causes the knife tooth idling phenomenon. The main manifestation of this phenomenon is that there is no material coming out of the discharge port, or part of it is idling, causing the discharge port to be smaller than the normal value.

One of the reasons that often cause machine jams is that harder materials such as hard iron blocks, weights, crowbars and other materials that cannot be shredded by the cutter teeth are placed in the silo, which makes the cutter teeth unable to rotate and the motor runs overloaded. After the shutdown, once the equipment encounters this situation, it needs to manually unload all the materials loaded into the silo, and then find the material that caused the equipment failure and remove it manually. Not only is it time-consuming and laborious, but there are also major safety hazards. Once a worker is bitten by a knife tooth, it can be disabled at a slight scale, or killed in severe cases. For the equipment itself, it will cause equipment damage. Common damages include irreversible losses such as burned motors, broken teeth, and twisted shafts. An important performance of the card machine is that the current of the motor circuit suddenly increases.

Another reason for the machine jamming caused by entering and exiting is: the soft material that cannot be shredded in the silo, such as quilts, sack, old clothes, etc., cannot be torn by the teeth of the knife due to entanglement or binding, causing the knife The teeth cannot rotate, causing the machine to jam. The handling method is similar to the previous card machine failure, requiring manual removal, which is extremely inconvenient and dangerous.

Among them, in order to realize the automatic discharging function, this embodiment also includes an automatic control mechanism:

The automatic control mechanism includes a PLC controller, a current meter and a material detection sensor communicatively connected with the PLC controller; the current meter is arranged on the power supply circuit of the shredding mechanism, preferably on the power supply line of the drive motor of the shredding mechanism , The material detection sensor is an infrared sensor, which is arranged under the shredder.

The PLC controller is electrically connected with the pushing mechanism and the actuator of the pressure mechanism, that is, connected to the reversing valve of the pushing cylinder and the pressure cylinder; at the same time, the PLC controller is also connected with the control module or execution of the shredding mechanism The devices are electrically connected to control the start, stop and rotation direction of the shredder shaft.

When the current meter detects that the current exceeds the standard, the shredding knife shaft is jammed. At this time, the reversal of the shredding knife shaft is started and the material pushing cylinder is activated to push out the jammed material; when the material sensor detects the lack of material during the normal shredding process, then The shredding knife shaft is idling, and at this time, the material pressing mechanism needs to be started to move downward to press down the material in the feed bin 11 to ensure the shredding effect.

Example two

As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, this embodiment provides an anti-blocking device for a shredder. Its structure is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. The cutter head 10 that rotates the cutter shaft toward the top of the cutter head 10 is also provided with a feed bin 11 with a flared structure, and a pushing mechanism 3 is also provided between the feed bin 11 and the cutter head 10.

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment, the material pressing mechanism in Embodiment 1 is eliminated, and a material shifting mechanism 15 is provided in the feed bin 11.

The shifting mechanism 15 includes a shifting motor, a crank, and a shifting rod 150: the shifting motor is a hydraulic motor, one end of the crank is connected to the output shaft of the shifting motor; the upper end of the shifting rod 150 is provided with a pivot hole 151. It is pivotally mounted on the side wall of the feeding bin 11; the middle of the shift lever 150 is provided with a notch 152, and the end of the crank is inserted into the notch 152 through the slider, thereby driving the shift lever 150 makes a reciprocating swing at a limited angle in the feed bin 11.

Preferably, the material shift lever 150 is arranged on the side wall of the feeding bin 11 to ensure smooth material blanking; in order to further improve the material shifting effect, the bottom of the material shift lever 150 is also provided with a shifting piece 153 protruding toward the inside. The technical effect of auxiliary feeding and avoiding the adhesion of garbage materials to the wall surface.

Example three

As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment provides an anti-blocking device for a shredder. Its structure is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. The cutter head 10 of the shaft is also provided with a feed bin 11 with a flared structure above the cutter head 10, and a pushing mechanism 3 is also provided between the feed bin 11 and the cutter head 10.

The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment is also provided with a waste pushing mechanism.

The waste pushing mechanism includes a receiving hopper 41 and a screw ejector 42: the receiving hopper 41 is fixed on the shredding mechanism 1 and is located at the garbage ejection port of the pushing mechanism 3; the screw ejector 42 is connected to the receiving hopper 41 The lower end of the hopper 41 and the ejection motor 420 are fixed to the end of the screw ejector 42 close to the receiving hopper 41.

Furthermore, the jammed hard material pushed out by the pushing mechanism 3 enters the receiving hopper 41, and under the driving action of the ejecting motor 420, the jammed hard material is transported out of the receiving hopper 41 by the screw ejector 42 to achieve final removal.

Although the present invention is specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims. Various changes are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

An anti-blocking device of a shredder includes a shredding mechanism, the shredding mechanism includes a cutter head and a feed bin arranged above the cutter head, and is characterized in that it also includes a material pushing mechanism:

The pushing mechanism includes a mounting seat connected between the cutter head and the feed bin, and one side of the mounting seat is also provided with a garbage ejection port;

The mounting seat is movably installed with a material pushing head, and the mounting seat is also provided with a connector for the material pushing head and a first driving component which drives the material pushing head to move toward the garbage ejection port.
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to claim 1, wherein the cutter head comprises a cutter head housing, and a shredding knife shaft is arranged in the cutter head housing;

The mounting seat is fixed on the cutter head housing; the mounting seat includes a sliding rail assembly and a fixing part, the pushing head is slidably mounted on the sliding rail assembly, and the first driving component is arranged on the fixing part and connected to The pusher head.
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to claim 2, wherein the shredding mechanism comprises a main drive module connected to the shredder shaft in transmission, and an auxiliary drive module; the auxiliary drive module includes an auxiliary drive module. A driving motor, and a clutch including a transmission connecting the auxiliary driving motor and the shredder shaft;

The upper and lower sides of the cutter head shell are respectively provided with a feeding port and a blanking port, the mounting seat is fixed at the feeding port, and the garbage ejection port is provided on one side in the length direction of the mounting seat.
The anti-blocking device of the shredder according to claim 2, wherein the pushing head includes a baffle arranged horizontally and a push plate arranged longitudinally below the baffle, and the first driving part is connected to the stopper. Below the board.
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a material pressing mechanism:

The material pressing mechanism includes a material pressing frame, a material pressing component and a second driving component; the second driving parts are all arranged on the material pressing frame, and the material pressing component is movably installed on the material pressing frame and connected to the first The two driving parts further have a material pressing position protruding into the feed bin and an initial position drawn away from the feed bin.
The anti-blocking device of the shredder according to claim 5, wherein the pressing frame is arranged on one side of the feeding bin and extending to an upper position of the feeding bin; the pressing assembly is installed on the The connecting rod assembly at the upper end of the material pressing frame, the connecting rod of the connecting rod assembly on the side facing away from the material pressing frame is also provided with a pressing plate to form a pressing foot; the second driving part is a pressing oil cylinder, the Both ends of the material pressing oil cylinder are pivotally arranged on the material pressing frame and the connecting rod assembly.
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to claim 1, wherein the feed bin is also provided with a material shifting mechanism:

The shifting mechanism includes a shifting motor, a crank and a shifting lever; the shifting lever is pivotally installed in the feeding bin, and the shifting motor is connected to the shifting lever through the crank.
The anti-blocking device of the shredder according to claim 7, characterized in that:

The material shifting rod is pivotally arranged on the inner wall of the feeding bin, and the lower end of the material shifting rod is also provided with a shifting piece protruding toward the inside of the feeding bin;
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a waste pushing mechanism:

The waste ejection mechanism includes a receiving hopper and a waste ejector: the receiving hopper is arranged at the position of the garbage ejection port of the pushing mechanism; the waste ejector is connected to the lower end of the receiving hopper.
The anti-blocking device of a shredder according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it further comprises an automatic control mechanism:

The automatic control mechanism includes a controller and an ammeter communicatively connected with the controller; the ammeter is arranged on the power supply circuit of the shredding mechanism, and the controller is electrically connected with the actuator of the pushing mechanism; The material detection sensor is communicatively connected with the controller, and the material detection sensor is arranged under the shredding knife; the controller is electrically connected with the control module or the execution device of the shredding mechanism.