WO2021223387A1 - 一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统 Download PDF

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WO2021223387A1
WO2021223387A1 PCT/CN2020/126613 CN2020126613W WO2021223387A1 WO 2021223387 A1 WO2021223387 A1 WO 2021223387A1 CN 2020126613 W CN2020126613 W CN 2020126613W WO 2021223387 A1 WO2021223387 A1 WO 2021223387A1
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temperature
fan
transition interface
air condenser
air
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PCT/CN2020/126613
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English (en)
French (fr)
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万逵芳
邱桂芝
王伟
王然
郭婷婷
宋寅
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中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院
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Publication of WO2021223387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223387A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B11/00Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, and in particular to an automatic control method and system for an air condenser fan.
  • the optimized operation of the cold end of a direct air-cooled unit is an effective measure to reduce the coal consumption rate of power generation, and the key to realize the optimized operation of the cold end lies in the automatic control of the air condenser fan.
  • test method is based on the few online data, through tests to determine the best vacuum of the unit under a specific load and ambient temperature, and formulate fan operation control methods and strategies based on this. Because the test can only be carried out under individual working conditions and parameter conditions, when the actual operating conditions are inconsistent with the test conditions, the guiding significance of the test results is weakened or even unable to play its due role; besides, the factors considered in the test are limited and impossible It includes most of the cold-end factors that affect the economy of the unit, so the conclusion is difficult to use for refined and optimized operation.
  • the model method is usually to construct the optimal back pressure calculation model of the unit, considering a variety of factors to guide the optimal operation of the cold end. For example, the establishment of a unit back pressure optimization model for the influence of condensing steam, air temperature, fan speed and fin tube fouling; through the computer group's micro-increasing output characteristics and the fan's power consumption micro-increasing output characteristics, the unit economic back pressure curve model is obtained; using particles Optimized algorithms such as clusters and neural networks establish a mathematical model of air-cooled unit back pressure, taking into account the influence of load, ambient temperature, fan speed, fin tube cleanliness, and vacuum device performance on back pressure; establish air-cooling island air outlet temperature distribution prediction model to Adjust the fan frequency.
  • the temperature field of the air condenser has been measured to monitor its winter operating conditions and prevent the air condenser from freezing.
  • the temperature field measurement of the air condenser mainly adopts infrared imaging technology and digital chip temperature measurement technology.
  • most of them are only used for antifreeze monitoring, and the temperature cannot be used for closed-loop control of the fan.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic control method and system for the air-condenser fan, which uses the characteristic parameters or temperature parameters of the working state of the air-condenser as the input signal of the control system to realize the closed-loop control of the fan, so as to achieve the optimal operation of the cold end.
  • the invention provides an automatic control method for an air condenser fan, which includes:
  • Step 1 Obtain a characteristic parameter of the working state of the air condenser; wherein the characteristic parameter is the position of the temperature transition interface or the deviation of the position of the temperature transition interface;
  • Step 2 The characteristic parameter is used as an input signal, which is processed and converted into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal for performing closed-loop control of the fan until it matches the target characteristic parameter.
  • the method for acquiring the position of the temperature transition interface in step 1 includes:
  • the temperature transition interface position is between the two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements;
  • the measured data of the temperature measuring element in the lower part of the flow zone is close to the ambient temperature or at least 5°C lower than the steam temperature, it is determined that the temperature transition interface is located at the steam side outlet position in the downstream zone.
  • the method for acquiring the position of the temperature transition interface in step 1 includes:
  • the temperature transition interface position is in all positions where the temperature difference between the measuring point in the downstream zone and the measuring point in the upstream zone exceeds the set value.
  • the method for acquiring the position of the temperature transition interface in step 1 includes:
  • control strategy that uses the position of the temperature transition interface as an input signal in step 2 includes:
  • the control strategy of using the position of the temperature transition interface as an input signal in step 2 further includes:
  • the output of multiple fans is adjusted at the same time, and when the position of the temperature transition interface is in the countercurrent zone, the output of one or more fans is adjusted.
  • the present invention also provides an automatic control method for the air condenser fan, including:
  • Step 1) obtain the temperature parameter of the working state of the air condenser; wherein, the temperature parameter includes the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the counter flow zone or the downstream zone of the air condenser and the ambient temperature, and the extraction temperature of the air condenser Difference with ambient temperature, difference between condensed water temperature and steam temperature, difference between steam temperature and air condenser extraction temperature, air condenser extraction temperature, air side outlet temperature at the lower part of the downstream zone of air condenser , The outlet temperature of the air side in the countercurrent zone;
  • Step 2) at least one of the temperature parameters is used as an input signal, and processed and converted into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal for performing closed-loop control of the fan until it matches the target temperature parameter.
  • control strategy that uses the difference between the air side outlet temperature in the counterflow zone or the downstream zone of the air condenser and the ambient temperature as an input signal includes:
  • step 2) the control strategy that uses the difference between the extraction temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature as an input signal includes:
  • step 2) the control strategy that uses the extraction temperature of the air condenser as an input signal includes:
  • step 2) the control strategy using the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser as an input signal includes:
  • the present invention also provides an air-condenser fan automatic control system, including an air-condenser temperature transition interface capture device, a signal conversion device, and a control device;
  • the condenser temperature transition interface capture device includes an air-condensing steam
  • the temperature measuring element, data acquisition device, data processing device on the air outlet side of the device across the downstream and countercurrent zones; the temperature measuring element, data acquisition device, data processing device, signal conversion device and control device are connected in sequence,
  • the control device is connected with the fan of the air condenser;
  • the data collection device is used to collect temperature measurement data of the temperature measurement element, and transmit the temperature measurement data to the data processing device;
  • the data processing device is configured to obtain position information of a temperature transition interface according to the temperature measurement data, and transmit the position information of the temperature transition interface to the signal conversion device;
  • the signal conversion device is used to convert the position information of the temperature conversion interface into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal, and transmit the converted signal to the control device;
  • the control device is used to use the fan frequency signal, fan voltage signal or fan current signal output by the signal conversion device as an input signal to implement the following closed-loop control strategy for the fan:
  • the characteristic parameter or temperature parameter of the air condenser working state is used as the input signal of the control system to realize the closed-loop control of the air condenser fan and solve the problem of air cooling.
  • Condenser fan has been unable to realize the problem of closed-loop automatic control, simplifying the control model and control system structure, reducing investment and operation difficulty, improving the control accuracy and reliability of the air condenser fan, achieving optimal operation of the cold end and saving fans The purpose of power consumption and antifreeze of the air condenser.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an automatic control method for an air condenser fan according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another embodiment of an automatic control method for an air condenser fan according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic control system for an air condenser fan according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of four typical positions of the temperature transition interface in the automatic control system of the air condenser fan of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides an automatic control method for an air condenser fan, including:
  • Step S11 acquiring a characteristic parameter of the working state of the air condenser; wherein the characteristic parameter is the position of the temperature transition interface or the position deviation of the temperature transition interface (the distance between the position of the temperature transition interface and the specific position);
  • step S12 the characteristic parameter is used as an input signal, which is processed and converted into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal for performing closed-loop control of the fan until it is consistent with the target characteristic parameter.
  • the temperature transition interface in this embodiment refers to a rapid temperature change area in the fin tube of the air condenser.
  • the steam temperature in the fin tube is close to the saturation temperature and is basically not Downstream of this area, the steam temperature in the finned tube is close to the ambient air temperature, and basically remains unchanged; the distance from the inlet to the outlet of this area along the length of the finned tube is very short, and the temperature decreases rapidly from the upstream close to the saturation temperature of the steam to this
  • the downstream of the area is close to the ambient air temperature, and the temperature gradient is very large. In view of the very short distance along the axial direction of the finned tube in this area, it is called the temperature transition interface here.
  • the position of the temperature transition interface changes with the change of the heat exchange status of the air condenser, which directly reflects the heat exchange status of the air condenser, which is a very important state characteristic parameter.
  • the actual position of the temperature transition interface is used as the input signal of the fan control system, which can control the output of the fan to adjust the temperature transition interface to the ideal target position, and realize the closed-loop control of the air condenser fan, so as to achieve optimized operation of the cold end and save The purpose of the power consumption of the fan.
  • the method for acquiring the position of the temperature transition interface in step S11 includes:
  • the temperature transition interface position is between the two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements;
  • the measured data of the temperature measuring element in the lower part of the flow zone is close to the ambient temperature, it is determined that the position of the temperature transition interface is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream zone.
  • the method for obtaining the position of the temperature transition interface in step S11 may also be:
  • the temperature transition interface position is in all the positions where the temperature difference between the measuring point in the downstream zone and the measuring point in the upstream zone exceeds the set value.
  • thermocouple thermal resistance or digital chip temperature measuring element is used to measure temperature, according to the temperature distribution law of the upstream and downstream of the temperature transition interface, by comparing the measurement point between the downstream area and any high reverse current area. Temperature difference. When the temperature difference exceeds ⁇ t (for example, 3°C), it can be considered that the measurement point of the countercurrent zone is located downstream of the temperature transition interface.
  • ⁇ t for example, 3°C
  • the most upstream position along the steam flow direction in the air condenser, and the adjacent upstream positions are respectively located downstream of the temperature transition interface And upstream, it can be determined that the temperature transition interface is located between the two.
  • the temperature difference can also be the difference between the steam temperature inside the steam distribution pipe and the temperature at the measuring point in the countercurrent zone; when the temperature measured by the temperature measuring device at the lower part of the downstream zone differs from the steam temperature inside the steam distribution pipe by more than ⁇ t (3°C), the temperature is determined
  • the transition interface is located in the lower part of the downstream zone.
  • the method for obtaining the position of the temperature transition interface in step S11 may also be:
  • control strategy of using the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in step S12 includes:
  • the target position of the temperature transition interface is located 2m downstream from the steam side outlet of the downstream zone of the air condenser to the steam in the countercurrent zone Between side exits. .
  • control strategy of using the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in step S12 further includes:
  • the output of multiple fans is adjusted at the same time, and when the position of the temperature transition interface is in the countercurrent zone, the output of one or more fans is adjusted.
  • an automatic control method for an air condenser fan includes:
  • Step S21 Obtain the temperature parameter of the working state of the air condenser; wherein, the temperature parameter includes the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the counterflow zone or the downstream zone of the air condenser and the ambient temperature, the air condenser extraction temperature and The difference in ambient temperature, the difference between the condensed water temperature and the steam temperature, the difference between the steam temperature and the extraction temperature of the air condenser, the extraction temperature of the air condenser, the outlet temperature of the lower air side of the downstream area of the air condenser, The outlet temperature of the air side in the countercurrent zone;
  • step S22 at least one of the temperature parameters is used as an input signal, which is processed and converted into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal for performing closed-loop control of the fan until it matches the target temperature parameter.
  • the temperature parameter of the working state of the air condenser is used as the input signal of the control system to realize the closed-loop control of the fan, which can also achieve the purpose of optimizing the operation of the cold end, saving power consumption of the fan, and anti-freezing of the air condenser.
  • step S22 the control strategy that uses the difference between the air side outlet temperature in the counterflow zone or downstream zone of the air condenser and the ambient temperature as the input signal includes:
  • the set low value such as 3°C
  • reduce the fan power when the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser is different from the ambient temperature
  • set high value such as 8°C
  • increase the fan power when the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintain the fan power unchanged .
  • two sets of temperature difference signals can be used at the same time.
  • step S22 the control strategy that uses the difference between the extraction temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature as an input signal includes:
  • the difference between the extraction temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature is less than the set low value (such as 25°C)
  • reduce the fan power when the difference between the extraction temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature is greater than the set high value (such as 40 °C), increase the fan power; when the difference between the air condenser extraction temperature and the ambient temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintain the fan power unchanged.
  • the ambient temperature can also be replaced by the outlet air temperature of the air condenser fan or the air temperature around the air cooling island.
  • control strategy that uses the extraction temperature of the air condenser as an input signal in step 22 includes:
  • the air condenser extraction temperature is lower than the set low value (such as 28°C), reduce the fan power; when the air condenser extraction temperature is greater than the set high value (such as 42°C), increase the fan power; when the air condenser is empty When the suction temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintain the fan power unchanged.
  • the set low value such as 28°C
  • the set high value such as 42°C
  • control strategy that uses the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser as an input signal in step 22 includes:
  • the difference between the internal steam temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature is basically a constant value.
  • the fixed value is equal to the sum of the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature and the difference between the internal steam temperature of the air condenser and the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser. Therefore, the difference between the steam temperature and the ambient temperature is the signal, the difference between the steam temperature and the extraction temperature is the signal, the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature is the signal, and the steam temperature and the air condenser are the signal.
  • the air-side outlet temperature difference is the signal, which is essentially the same, and the closed-loop control of the fan is realized by using the principle of the significant difference between the upstream and downstream temperatures of the temperature transition interface proposed by the present invention.
  • the fan is controlled by taking the extraction temperature or the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser as the input parameter, by comparing the difference between the extraction air temperature and the steam temperature or comparing the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature.
  • the control strategy formulated by the difference between the outlet temperature of the air side of the condenser and the steam temperature, the deviation of the temperature transition interface position and the target position, etc. also uses the principle of the significant difference between the upstream and downstream temperatures of the temperature transition interface proposed by the present invention to achieve closed-loop control of the fan .
  • the steam inside the air condenser is wet steam, its pressure and temperature are one-to-one correspondence, the steam pressure can be converted into steam temperature, instead of the directly measured steam temperature, the same purpose can be achieved. Detailed.
  • an automatic control system for the air-condenser fan includes an air-condenser temperature transition interface capture device, a signal conversion device 12 and a control device 13.
  • the air-condenser is mainly composed of a steam distribution pipe 1.
  • the downstream area 2 composed of finned tubes, the countercurrent area 3 composed of finned tubes, the condensate pipe 5, the suction pipe 4, and the fan 8 are composed.
  • the condenser temperature transition interface capture device includes a temperature measuring element 6, a data acquisition device 10, and a data processing device 11 arranged on the air side outlet side of the air condenser and spanning the downstream zone 2 and the countercurrent zone 3; the temperature measuring element 6,
  • the data acquisition device 10, the data processing device 11, the signal conversion device 12 and the control device 13 are connected in sequence, and the control device 13 is connected to the fan 8 of the air condenser;
  • the data acquisition device 10 is used to collect temperature measurement data of the temperature measurement element 6 and transmit the temperature measurement data to the data processing device 11;
  • the data processing device 11 is configured to obtain information about the position 7 of the temperature transition interface according to the temperature measurement data, and transmit the information about the position 7 of the temperature transition interface to the signal conversion device 12;
  • the signal conversion device 12 is used to convert the temperature conversion interface position 7 information into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal, and transmit the converted signal to the control device 13;
  • the control device 13 is used to take the converted temperature transition interface position 7 signal as an input signal, and implement the following closed-loop control strategy of the fan by adjusting the frequency of the fan 8:
  • the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface is located from the 2m downstream of the steam side outlet of the downstream zone 2 of the air condenser to the steam side outlet of the countercurrent zone.
  • the output of the fan can be controlled to adjust the temperature transition interface to the ideal target position, and the closed-loop control of the air-condenser fan can be realized, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the operation of the cold end and saving the power consumption of the fan.
  • the outside air is driven by the air condenser fan 8 to exchange heat between the condenser downstream zone 2 and the countercurrent zone 3.
  • the outside air is heated, and the steam in the condenser is heated. Cooling;
  • the steam turbine exhaust steam enters the air condenser downstream zone 2 through the steam distribution pipe 1.
  • the steam is cooled by the outside air and condenses into condensed water.
  • the condensed water flows downwards in the same direction as the uncondensed steam, and enters the condensation at the lower part. Water pipe 5, and the uncondensed steam enters the countercurrent zone 3 together with the non-condensable gas.
  • the steam continues to be cooled by the outside air, continuously cooled and condensed into condensed water.
  • the condensed water flows downwards into the condensate pipe 5 under the action of gravity, and the remaining non-condensable gas and a very small amount of steam enter the upper suction pipe 4 Smoke away.
  • the internal steam of the air condenser may be condensed at the bottom entrance of the countercurrent zone 3, or even in the middle and lower part of the downstream zone 2. A large part of the energy is wasted, and part of the output air fails to cool down as it should, which is not conducive to energy saving; in addition, when the ambient temperature is very low, it is easy to cause freezing and damage inside the air condenser.
  • the temperature transition interface position 7 will appear in four different positions:
  • the temperature transition interface position is at the top of the countercurrent zone 3, that is, downstream of the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface (according to the internal steam flow direction), it means that the frequency of the air condenser fan needs to be increased at this time to strengthen the air condensing steam.
  • the steam in the vessel exchanges heat with the outside air, and the position of the temperature transition interface is adjusted back to the target position of the temperature transition interface 9.
  • the frequency of all air-condenser fans can be increased (for example: 2Hz); or all countercurrent fans can be increased by a certain frequency (for example: 5Hz), and the frequency of downstream fans will remain unchanged; or the difference between all air-condenser fans of the unit Chemical adjustment.
  • the temperature transition interface position is at the bottom of the countercurrent zone 3, that is, when the temperature transition interface target position 9 is upstream, it indicates that the frequency of the air condenser fan 8 is too large at this time, and it is in a low energy-saving state. At this time, it is recommended to lower the frequency of all countercurrent fans (for example: 3Hz); or adjust all fans synchronously or differentially.
  • the above is the adjustment strategy of the air condenser fan when the unit load is stable and the environment changes little.
  • the adjustment strategy of the air condenser fan will be adjusted quickly according to the actual situation to meet the safety and economic needs of the unit.
  • the corresponding automatic control system of the fan can be constructed by adding the corresponding temperature measurement points on the basis of the control system shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, , No longer provide a separate legend.
  • Fan control system that takes the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air condenser and the ambient temperature as the input signal:
  • the data acquisition device 10 collects the readings of the temperature measuring element 6 and the ambient temperature measurement points, and then sends them to the data processing device 11.
  • point temperature difference between the ambient temperature measuring point and the mean of readings ⁇ t 1 while the difference between the readings is calculated and steam temperature measuring point temperature measuring point ⁇ t 2, on this basis, calculates the ratio [Delta] t k 1 and ⁇ t 2, and
  • the ratio k is sent to the signal conversion device 12, and the signal conversion device 12 converts the command according to the magnitude of the k value.
  • the signal conversion device 12 When k ⁇ 0.05, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency reduction signal 5 ⁇ (1-k)Hz to the control device 13; When 0.05 ⁇ k ⁇ 0.40, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency change signal 0Hz to the control device 13; when k>0.40, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency increase signal 5 ⁇ kHz to the control device 13; the control device 13 according to The received frequency change signal of the fan controls the operation of the fan 8.
  • the temperature difference signal can also be replaced by the mean value of the temperature measurement element reading at the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface and the difference between the ambient temperature; or the reading of the steam temperature measurement point and the temperature measurement element at the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface
  • the difference of the average readings can be used instead; the difference between the average reading of the temperature measuring element at the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface and the average reading of the temperature measuring element downstream of the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface can also be used instead.
  • the steam inside the air condenser is wet steam, there is a one-to-one correspondence between its pressure and temperature, so the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure.
  • the temperature measuring element 6 can also be arranged at the upper part of the countercurrent zone 3 and the lower part of the downstream zone 2 at the same time.
  • the fan control system that takes the difference between the steam temperature of the air condenser and the extraction temperature as the input signal:
  • the data acquisition device 10 collects the readings of the temperature measuring elements and the steam temperature measurement points on the air condenser exhaust pipe 4, and then sends them to the data processing device 11, in the data processing device 11, calculates the steam temperature measurement points the difference between the readings measured temperature readings extraction point ⁇ t 3, the steam temperature is calculated while reading the difference between the measuring point and the readings of the ambient temperature measuring point ⁇ t 2, on this basis, we calculate the ratio k ⁇ t 3 and ⁇ t 2 of 1, and the ratio K 1 into the signal converting means 12, signal conversion device 12 according to the size of the conversion instruction value 1 k, when k 1 ⁇ 0.25, the signal conversion means 12 generates a control signal to increase the frequency of the fan means 13 5 ⁇ (1-k 1 ) Hz; when 0.25 ⁇ k 1 ⁇ 0.45, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency change signal 0Hz to the control device 13; when k 1 >0.45, the signal conversion device 12 sends a lower fan to the control device 13 The frequency signal is 5 ⁇ k 1 Hz;
  • the temperature difference signal can also be replaced by the difference between the reading of the pumping temperature measurement point and the ambient temperature. Because the steam inside the air condenser is wet steam, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between its pressure and temperature, the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure.
  • the reading of the pumping temperature measurement point can also be used as the input signal. Because the steam inside the air condenser is wet steam, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between its pressure and temperature, the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,该方法包括:获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量;其中,特征参量为温度转变界面位置或温度转变界面位置偏差;以特征参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标特征参量吻合。该系统包括空冷凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置、信号转换装置及控制装置;所述空冷凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置包括测温元件、数据采集装置、数据处理装置。本发明以空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量或温度参量作为控制系统的输入信号实现了空冷凝汽器风机闭环控制,达到冷端优化运行、节省风机耗电和空冷凝汽器防冻的目的,简化了控制系统。

Description

一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及火力发电技术领域,尤其涉及一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统。
背景技术
直接空冷机组冷端优化运行是降低发电煤耗率的有效措施,而实现冷端优化运行的关键在于空冷凝汽器风机的自动控制。
与直接空冷机组空冷凝汽器相关的影响机组经济性的因素众多,尤其一些因素如风向(含偶然的横向风)、炉后风等的变化是无规律、不确定的,因此很难凭借其中的一个或几个因素给出凝汽器的工作状态,也无法评价空冷凝汽器工作性能的优劣。而空冷凝汽器在线工作状态监测参量的缺失,导致无法实现空冷凝汽器风机自动控制以及精细化优化调节。可以说,以何种信号作为空冷凝汽器风机控制系统输入信号,实现可靠、准确的运行控制是困扰空冷凝汽器风机优化运行的根本难题。
在以往的研究和应用中,直接空冷机组冷端优化主要分为试验法和模型法两大类。试验法依据为数不多的在线数据,通过试验确定特定负荷和环境温度下的机组最佳真空,依此制定风机运行控制方法和策略。因试验只能在个别工况和参数条件下进行,当实际运行工况与试验工况不一致时,试验结果的指导意义削弱甚至无法起到应有作用;况且试验中考虑的因素有限,不可能囊括大多数影响机组经济性的冷端因素,故结论难以用于精细化优化运行。
模型法通常是构建机组最佳背压计算模型,考虑多种因素,以指导冷端优化运行。比如建立凝汽量、气温、风机转速和翅片管污垢影响的机组背压优化模型;通过计算机组微增出力特征和风机耗功微增出力特性,得出机组经济背压曲线模型;利用粒子群、神经网络等优化算法建立空冷机组背压数学模型,考虑负荷、环境温度、风机转速、翅片管清洁度、抽真空装置性能对背压的影响;建立空冷岛空气出口温度分布预测模型以调整风机频率。由于模型中一些参量无法测量,如凝汽量、翅片清洁度等,一些参数又交互影响,如凝汽量、 机组负荷、初终参数,因此,当前模型通常较为复杂、实用性不高、准确性不够,而且控制系统非常复杂。除上述因素外,实际运行中横向风、炉后风、风向变化等都会影响空冷凝汽器换热性能,这些无论是试验法还是模型法都无法解决。
除了试验和模型法以外,近些年通过测量空冷凝汽器温度场以监视其冬季运行状况、防止空冷凝汽器结冻得到发展。空冷凝汽器温度场测量主要采用红外成像技术和数字芯片测温技术。但受到设备布置和测量精度限制,绝大多数都只用于防冻监测,无法将温度用于风机闭环控制。
因此,寻找空冷凝汽器状态监测参量,构建空冷凝汽器风机控制的简单优化运行模型和算法,简化控制系统结构,对实现空冷凝汽器风机闭环控制和优化运行意义重大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统,以空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量或温度参量作为控制系统的输入信号实现风机闭环控制,以达到冷端优化运行、节省风机耗电的目的。
本发明提供了一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,包括:
步骤1,获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量;其中,所述特征参量为温度转变界面位置或温度转变界面位置偏差;
步骤2,以所述特征参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标特征参量吻合。
进一步地,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
通过比较逆流区相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值确定温度转变界面位置:
当逆流区某相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值明显大于其他相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值时,判定温度转变界面位置在该相邻两排测温元件之间;当顺流区下部测温元件实测数据接近环境温度或比蒸汽温度低至少5℃时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
进一步地,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
通过比较不同测点之间的温差,确定温度转变界面位置:
当顺流区测点和逆流区任一高度测点间的温差超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区测点与逆流区测点温差超过设定值的所有位置中,沿空冷凝汽器内蒸汽流动方向最上游位置及与其相邻上游位置之间;
当顺流区下部测温点温度与蒸汽分配管内部蒸汽温度差值超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
进一步地,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
获取基于红外热像仪测量空冷凝汽器温度场的图像,根据图像上下游颜色的显著区别,将颜色迅速发生变化的位置确定为温度转变界面。
进一步地,步骤2中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置上游时,降低风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;其中,所述温度转变界面目标位置位于自空冷凝汽器顺流区蒸汽侧出口2m位置起的下游至逆流区蒸汽侧出口之间。进一步地,步骤2中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略还包括:
当所述温度转变界面位置位于顺流区时,同时调整多台风机的出力,当所述温度转变界面位置位于逆流区时,调整一台或多台风机的出力。
本发明还提供了一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,包括:
步骤1),获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的温度参量;其中,所述温度参量包括空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值、凝结水温度与蒸汽温度差值、蒸汽温度与空冷凝汽器抽气温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度、空冷凝汽器顺流区下部空气侧出口温度、逆流区空气侧出口温度;
步骤2),以所述温度参量中至少一个参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与 目标温度参量吻合。
进一步地,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
进一步地,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
进一步地,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器抽气温度小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
进一步地,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
本发明还提供了一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统,包括空冷凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置、信号转换装置及控制装置;所述凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置包括布置于空冷凝汽器空气出口侧横跨顺流区和逆流区的测温元件、数据采集装置、数据处理装置;所述测温元件、数据采集装置、数据处理装置、信 号转换装置及控制装置依次连接,所述控制装置与所述空冷凝汽器的风机连接;
所述数据采集装置用于采集所述测温元件的温度测量数据,并将所述温度测量数据传输至所述数据处理装置;
所述数据处理装置用于根据所述温度测量数据获取温度转变界面位置信息,并将所述温度转变界面位置信息传输至所述信号转换装置;
所述信号转换装置用于将所述温度转变界面位置信息转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号,并将转换后的信号传输至所述控制装置;
所述控制装置用于以信号转换装置输出的风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号作为输入信号,执行下述风机闭环控制策略:
当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置上游时,降低风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值。
借由上述方案,通过空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法和系统,以空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量或温度参量作为控制系统的输入信号,实现了空冷凝汽器风机闭环控制,解决了空冷凝汽器风机一直无法闭环实现自动控制的难题,简化了控制模型和控制系统结构,降低了投资和操作难度,提高了空冷凝汽器风机控制精度和可靠性,达到冷端优化运行、节省风机耗电和空冷凝汽器防冻的目的。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法一实施例的流程图。
图2为本发明一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法另一实施例的流程图;
图3为本发明一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统一实施例的结构示意图;
图4为本发明一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统中温度转变界面的四种典型位置示意图。
图中标号:
1-蒸汽分配管;2-顺流区;3-逆流区;4-抽气管道;5-凝结水管道;6-测温元件;7-温度转变界面位置;8-风机;9-温度转变界面目标位置;10-数据采集装置;11-数据处理装置;12-信号转换装置;13-控制装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
参图1所示,本实施例提供了一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,包括:
步骤S11,获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量;其中,所述特征参量为温度转变界面位置或温度转变界面位置偏差(该温度转变界面位置与特定位置距离差);
步骤S12,以所述特征参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标特征参量吻合。
本实施例中温度转变界面,指空冷凝汽器翅片管某处存在的一个温度快速变化区域,沿翅片管内蒸汽流动方向,该区域上游,翅片管内蒸汽温度接近于饱和温度且基本不变;该区域下游,翅片管内蒸汽温度接近环境气温,同样基本保持不变;该区域入口至出口沿翅片管长度方向的距离非常短,而温度由上游的接近蒸汽饱和温度迅速降低至该区域下游的接近环境气温,温度梯度非常大。鉴于该区域沿翅片管轴向距离非常短,此处称其为温度转变界面。该温度转变界面的位置随空冷凝汽器换热状况变化而变化,直接反映空冷凝汽器换热状态,是其非常重要的状态特征参量。本实施例以温度转变界面的实际位置为风机控制系统输入信号,可以控制风机出力将温度转变界面调整到理想的目标位置,实现空冷凝汽器风机的闭环控制,从而达到冷端优化运行、节省风机耗电的目的。
在本实施例中,步骤S11中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
通过比较逆流区相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值确定温度转变界面位置:
当逆流区某相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值明显大于其他相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值时,判定温度转变界面位置在该相邻两排测温元件之间;当顺流区下部测温元件实测数据接近环境温度时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
在本实施例中,步骤S11中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法还可以是:
通过比较不同测点之间的温差,确定温度转变界面位置:
当顺流区测点和任一高度逆流区测点间的温差超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区测点与逆流区测点温差超过设定值的所有位置中,沿空冷凝汽器内蒸汽流动方向最上游位置及与其相邻上游位置之间;
当顺流区下部测温点温度与蒸汽分配管内部蒸汽温度差值超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
在一具体示例中,当采用热电偶、热电阻或数字芯片测温元件测温时,根据温度转变界面上下游温度分布规律,通过比较顺流区测点和任一高度逆流区测点间的温差,当温差超过δt(如3℃)时,即可认为该逆流区测点位于温度转变界面下游。顺流区测点与逆流区测点温差超过δt(3℃)的所有位置中,沿空冷凝汽器内蒸汽流动方向最上游的位置,与其相邻的上游位置,分别位于温度转变界面的下游和上游,可确定温度转变界面位于二者之间。该温差也可以是蒸汽分配管内部蒸汽温度与逆流区测点温度差值;当顺流区下部测温装置测得的温度与蒸汽分配管内部蒸汽温度相差δt(3℃)以上时,确定温度转变界面位于顺流区下部。
在本实施例中,步骤S11中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法还可以是:
获取基于红外热像仪测量空冷岛出口温度场的图像,根据图像上下游颜色的显著区别,将颜色迅速发生变化的位置确定为温度转变界面。
在本实施例中,步骤S12中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置上游时,降低风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界 面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;其中,温度转变界面目标位置位于自空冷凝汽器顺流区蒸汽侧出口2m位置起的下游至逆流区蒸汽侧出口之间。。
在本实施例中,步骤S12中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略还包括:
当所述温度转变界面位置位于顺流区时,同时调整多台风机的出力,当所述温度转变界面位置位于逆流区时,调整一台或多台风机的出力。
参图2所示,在另一实施例中,一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,包括:
步骤S21,获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的温度参量;其中,所述温度参量包括空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值、凝结水温度与蒸汽温度差值、蒸汽温度与空冷凝汽器抽气温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度、空冷凝汽器顺流区下部空气侧出口温度、逆流区空气侧出口温度;
步骤S22,以所述温度参量中至少一个参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标温度参量吻合。
本实施例以空冷凝汽器工作状态的温度参量作为控制系统的输入信号实现风机闭环控制,同样能够达到冷端优化运行、节省风机耗电和空冷凝汽器防冻的目的。
在本实施例中,步骤S22中以空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值(如3℃)时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值(如8℃)时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。为提高控制的准确性,可同时采用两组温差信号。
在本实施例中,步骤S22中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值 作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值(如25℃)时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值(如40℃)时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。其中的环境温度也可以用空冷凝汽器风机出口风温或者空冷岛周边空气温度代替。
在本实施例中,步骤22中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器抽气温度小于设定低值(如28℃)时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度大于设定高值(如42℃)时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
在本实施例中,步骤22中以所述空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
当空冷凝汽器温度转变界面位于其目标位置上游时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器温度转变界面位于其目标位置下游时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器温度转变界面位于其目标位置时,维持风机功率不变。
需要说明的是,因为空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽为湿蒸汽,其在凝结过程中温度基本不变,所以在温度转变界面上游,空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽温度与环境温度差值基本为定值,该定值等于空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值同空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽温度与空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度差值之和。因此,以蒸汽温度与环境温度差值为信号、以蒸汽温度与抽气温度差值为信号、以空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度差值为信号、以蒸汽温度与空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度差值为信号,在本质上都是一样的,都是利用本发明提出的温度转变界面上下游温度差别显著的原理实现风机闭环控制。
此外,以抽气温度或者空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度为输入参量对风机进行控制,通过比较抽气温度与蒸汽温度差值或者比较空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度差值、空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与蒸汽温度差值、温度转变界面位置与目标位置偏差等制定的控制策略,也同样是利用了本发明提出的温度转 变界面上下游温度差别显著的原理实现风机闭环控制。
同样,因为空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽为湿蒸汽,其压力与温度是一一对应的,可将蒸汽压力转换为蒸汽温度,代替前述直接测量的蒸汽温度,可以达到同样的目的,此处不再详述。
参图3所示,一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统,包括空冷凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置、信号转换装置12及控制装置13;空冷凝汽器主要由蒸汽分配管1、由翅片管组成的顺流区2、由翅片管组成的逆流区3、凝结水管道5、抽气管道4、风机8组成。
凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置包括布置于空冷凝汽器空气侧出口侧横跨顺流区2和逆流区3的测温元件6、数据采集装置10、数据处理装置11;测温元件6、数据采集装置10、数据处理装置11、信号转换装置12及控制装置13依次连接,控制装置13与空冷凝汽器的风机8连接;
数据采集装置10用于采集测温元件6的温度测量数据,并将温度测量数据传输至数据处理装置11;
数据处理装置11用于根据温度测量数据获取温度转变界面位置7信息,并将温度转变界面位置7信息传输至信号转换装置12;
信号转换装置12用于将温度转变界面位置7信息转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号,并将转换后的信号传输至控制装置13;
控制装置13用于以转换后的温度转变界面位置7信号作为输入信号,通过调节风机8频率执行下述风机闭环控制策略:
当温度转变界面位置7处在温度转变界面目标位置9上游时,降低风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置7与温度转变界面目标位置9的偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置7处在温度转变界面目标位置9下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界面7与温度转变界面目标位置9的偏差小于设定值。温度转变界面目标位置9位于自空冷凝汽器顺流区2蒸汽侧出口2m位置起的下游至逆流区蒸汽侧出口之间。
通过该空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统,可以控制风机出力将温度转变界面调整到理想的目标位置,实现空冷凝汽器风机的闭环控制,从而达到冷端优化 运行、节省风机耗电的目的。
参图4所示,在空气侧,外部空气在空冷凝汽器风机8的驱动下对凝汽器顺流区2和逆流区3进行换热,外部空气被加热,凝汽器内的蒸汽被冷却;在蒸汽侧,汽轮机排汽经蒸汽分配管1进入空冷凝汽器顺流区2,蒸汽被外部空气冷却凝结成凝结水,凝结水与未凝结蒸汽同向向下流动,进入下部的凝结水管道5,而未凝结的蒸汽与不凝结气体一起进入逆流区3。在逆流区3,蒸汽继续被外部空气冷却,不断冷却凝结成凝结水,凝结水在重力作用下向下流入凝结水管道5,剩余的不凝结气体和极少量蒸汽进入上部的抽气管道4被抽走。当风机8频率较高、耗功较多时,空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽可能在逆流区3底部入口处凝结完成,甚至在顺流区2的中下部凝结完成,这种情况下,风机8消耗的能量有较大部分白白浪费,其输出的部分空气没能起到应有的冷却作用,不利于节能;此外,当环境气温很低时也容易造成空冷凝汽器内部结冻而损坏。
在蒸汽凝结的过程中,温度转变界面位置7会出现四种不同的位置:
7-1表示温度转变界面位置位于逆流区3顶部,即温度转变界面目标位置9下游(按内部蒸汽流动方向)时,表示此时需要将空冷凝汽器风机频率增大,以强化空冷凝汽器内蒸汽与外部空气换热,将温度转变界面位置调回至温度转变界面目标位置9。此时,可以将所有空冷凝汽器风机频率增加(例:2Hz);或者所有逆流风机增加某一频率(例:5Hz),顺流风机频率保持不变;或者机组所有空冷凝汽器风机差异化调整。
7-2表示温度转变界面位置位于逆流区3中部,且恰好位于温度转变界面目标位置9内部时,表示此时空冷凝汽器处于安全、经济的状态。此时,所有空冷凝汽器风机频率建议保持不变。
7-3表示温度转变界面位置位于逆流区3底部,即温度转变界面目标位置9上游时,表示此时空冷凝汽器风机8频率偏大,处于欠节能状态。此时,建议将所有逆流风机的频率调低(例:3Hz);或者所有风机同步或差异化调整。
7-4表示温度转变界面位置位于顺流区2底部,表示此时空冷岛节能空间较大。此时,建议所有空冷凝汽器风机频率调低(例:5Hz);或者所有空冷凝汽器风机差异化调整(例:顺流风机调低3Hz,逆流风机调低10Hz)。
以上是针对机组负荷稳定且环境变化不大的情况下的空冷凝汽器风机调整策略。而当机组负荷快速变化或环境突变时,空冷凝汽器风机的调整策略将根据实际情况做快速调整,以适应机组安全和经济的需求。
对于以空冷凝汽器工作状态的温度参量作为控制系统的输入信号实现风机闭环控制的方案,可在图3所示控制系统基础上通过增加相应的温度测点构建相应的风机自动控制系统,因此,不再单独提供图例。例如:
1、以空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度差值为输入信号的风机控制系统:
通过数据采集装置10采集测温元件6的读数和环境温度测点的读数,而后送入数据处理装置11,在数据处理装置11中,计算温度转变界面目标位置9下游(逆流区3上部)测点温度均值与环境温度测点读数的差值Δt 1,同时计算蒸汽温度测点与环境温度测点的读数差值Δt 2,在此基础上,计算Δt 1与Δt 2的比值k,并将该比值k送入信号转换装置12,信号转换装置12根据k值的大小转换指令,当k≤0.05时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出降低风机频率信号5×(1-k)Hz;当0.05<k≤0.40时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出改变风机频率信号0Hz;当k>0.40时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出增加风机频率信号5×kHz;控制装置13根据接收到的风机频率改变信号,控制风机8运行。
该系统中,温差信号也可以采用温度转变界面目标位置9处的测温元件读数均值与环境温度差值代替;也可以用蒸汽温度测点的读数与温度转变界面目标位置9处的测温元件读数均值的差值代替;也可以用温度转变界面目标位置9处的测温元件读数均值与温度转变界面目标位置9处下游的测温元件读数均值的差值代替。因为空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽为湿蒸汽,其压力和温度存在一一对应关系,故蒸汽温度也可以用蒸汽压力经换算后得到。测温元件6也可以同时在逆流区3上部和顺流区2的下部布置。
2、以空冷凝汽器蒸汽温度与抽气温度差值为输入信号的风机控制系统:
通过数据采集装置10采集位于空冷凝汽器抽气管道4上的测温元件的读数和蒸汽温度测点的读数,而后送入数据处理装置11,在数据处理装置11中,计算蒸汽温度测点的读数与抽气温度测点的读数的差值Δt 3,同时计算蒸汽温度测 点的读数与环境温度测点的读数差值Δt 2,在此基础上,计算Δt 3与Δt 2的比值k 1,并将该比值k 1送入信号转换装置12,信号转换装置12根据k 1值的大小转换指令,当k 1≤0.25时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出增加风机频率信号5×(1-k 1)Hz;当0.25<k 1≤0.45时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出改变风机频率信号0Hz;当k 1>0.45时,信号转换装置12向控制装置13发出降低风机频率信号5×k 1Hz;控制装置13根据接收到的风机频率改变信号,控制风机8运行。
该系统中,温差信号也可以采用抽气温度测点的读数与环境温度差值代替。因为空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽为湿蒸汽,其压力和温度存在一一对应关系,故蒸汽温度也可以用蒸汽压力经换算后得到。
该系统中,也可以采用抽气温度测点的读数作为输入信号。因为空冷凝汽器内部蒸汽为湿蒸汽,其压力和温度存在一一对应关系,故蒸汽温度也可以用蒸汽压力经换算后得到。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    步骤1,获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的特征参量;其中,所述特征参量为温度转变界面位置或温度转变界面位置偏差;
    步骤2,以所述特征参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标特征参量吻合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
    通过比较逆流区相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值确定温度转变界面位置:
    当逆流区某相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值明显大于其他相邻两排测温元件实测数据差值时,判定温度转变界面位置在该相邻两排测温元件之间;当顺流区下部测温元件实测数据接近环境温度或比蒸汽温度低至少5℃时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
    通过比较不同测点之间的温差,确定温度转变界面位置:
    当顺流区测点和逆流区任一高度测点间的温差超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区测点与逆流区测点温差超过设定值的所有位置中,沿空冷凝汽器内蒸汽流动方向最上游位置及与其相邻上游位置之间;
    当顺流区下部测温点温度与蒸汽分配管内部蒸汽温度差值超过设定值时,判定温度转变界面位置在顺流区蒸汽侧出口位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述温度转变界面位置的获取方法包括:
    获取基于红外热像仪测量空冷凝汽器温度场的图像,根据图像上下游颜色的显著区别,将颜色迅速发生变化的位置确定为温度转变界面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
    当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置上游时,降低风机出力, 直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;其中,所述温度转变界面目标位置位于自空冷凝汽器顺流区蒸汽侧出口2m位置起的下游至逆流区蒸汽侧出口之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2中以所述温度转变界面位置作为输入信号的控制策略还包括:
    当所述温度转变界面位置位于顺流区时,同时调整多台风机的出力,当所述温度转变界面位置位于逆流区时,调整一台或多台风机的出力。
  7. 一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    步骤1),获取空冷凝汽器工作状态的温度参量;其中,所述温度参量包括空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值、凝结水温度与蒸汽温度差值、蒸汽温度与空冷凝汽器抽气温度的差值、空冷凝汽器抽气温度、空冷凝汽器顺流区下部空气侧出口温度、逆流区空气侧出口温度;
    步骤2),以所述温度参量中至少一个参量作为输入信号,经过处理转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号用以执行风机闭环控制,直至与目标温度参量吻合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
    当空冷凝汽器逆流区或顺流区空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
    当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度与环境温度的差值介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器抽气温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
    当空冷凝汽器抽气温度小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器抽气温度介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的空冷凝汽器风机自动控制方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中以所述空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度作为输入信号的控制策略包括:
    当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度小于设定低值时,降低风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度大于设定高值时,增加风机功率;当空冷凝汽器空气侧出口温度介于设定低值和设定高值之间时,维持风机功率不变。
  12. 一种空冷凝汽器风机自动控制系统,其特征在于,包括空冷凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置、信号转换装置及控制装置;所述凝汽器温度转变界面捕捉装置包括布置于空冷凝汽器空气侧出口横跨顺流区和逆流区的测温元件、数据采集装置、数据处理装置;所述测温元件、数据采集装置、数据处理装置、信号转换装置及控制装置依次连接,所述控制装置与所述空冷凝汽器的风机连接;
    所述数据采集装置用于采集所述测温元件的温度测量数据,并将所述温度测量数据传输至所述数据处理装置;
    所述数据处理装置用于根据所述温度测量数据获取温度转变界面位置信息,并将所述温度转变界面位置信息传输至所述信号转换装置;
    所述信号转换装置用于将所述温度转变界面位置信息转换成风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号,并将转换后的信号传输至所述控制装置;
    所述控制装置用于以信号转换装置输出的风机频率信号、风机电压信号或风机电流信号作为输入信号,执行下述风机闭环控制策略:
    当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置上游时,降低风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值;当温度转变界面位置处在温度转变界面目标位置下游时,增加风机出力,直至温度转变界面位置与温度转变界面目标位置偏差小于设定值。
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