WO2021218094A1 - 光纤 - Google Patents

光纤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021218094A1
WO2021218094A1 PCT/CN2020/125941 CN2020125941W WO2021218094A1 WO 2021218094 A1 WO2021218094 A1 WO 2021218094A1 CN 2020125941 W CN2020125941 W CN 2020125941W WO 2021218094 A1 WO2021218094 A1 WO 2021218094A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
optical fiber
cladding layer
refractive index
layer
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PCT/CN2020/125941
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹珊珊
刘志忠
沈一春
蒋新力
王震
徐海涛
钱宜刚
薛驰
苏海燕
Original Assignee
中天科技光纤有限公司
江苏中天科技股份有限公司
江东科技有限公司
中天科技精密材料有限公司
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Application filed by 中天科技光纤有限公司, 江苏中天科技股份有限公司, 江东科技有限公司, 中天科技精密材料有限公司 filed Critical 中天科技光纤有限公司
Priority to EP20888741.4A priority Critical patent/EP4145196A4/en
Publication of WO2021218094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021218094A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0283—Graded index region external to the central core segment, e.g. sloping layer or triangular or trapezoidal layer
    • G02B6/0285—Graded index layer adjacent to the central core segment and ending at the outer cladding index

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to an optical fiber.
  • General-purpose optical fiber can be used in long-distance trunk lines, local area network construction, FTTX to-home construction, etc., to achieve a universal replacement for original applications in different regions, multi-scenario optical fiber in one, to achieve a fiber compatible with the original G652 single-mode fiber and G657 single-mode optical fiber.
  • G.652 optical fibers are generally used in long-distance transmission and LAN construction. The cost is low, and there are many early applications. The new construction is compatible with the early optical fibers.
  • G657 fiber In the construction of LAN and access network, G657 fiber has good bending resistance and can better deal with different complex environments.
  • two types of fibers need to be connected in a local area network because there is a big difference in the mode field diameter between the two, such as ordinary G652 fiber mode field diameter.
  • the mode field diameter of the conventional G657 fiber is 8.6 ⁇ 0.5, the difference in mode field diameter causes the connection loss caused by the butt connection between the two to be larger, which has a bad influence on the line.
  • an optical fiber which includes a core layer, a buffer cladding layer, a recessed cladding layer, a deep fluorine-doped layer, an outer cladding layer, and a coating from the inside to the outside.
  • the core layer is relative to the silica
  • the refractive index at the outer interface contacting the recessed cladding layer is -0.05% to 0.1%, and the refractive index of the recessed cladding layer is equal;
  • the refractive index difference of the recessed cladding layer relative to the silicon dioxide is -0.12 ⁇ - 0.2%;
  • the refractive index difference of the deep fluorine-doped layer relative to silicon dioxide is -0.3-0.5%;
  • the outer cladding layer is silicon dioxide, and the coating is coated on the outer cladding layer.
  • the radius of the core layer is 4.1 to 4.7 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the buffer cladding layer is 3 to 5 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the recessed cladding layer is 6 to 10 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the deep fluorine-doped layer is 10 to 20 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the outer cladding layer is 22.8-39.4 ⁇ m.
  • the out-of-roundness of the core layer is less than or equal to 1%; the overall out-of-roundness from the core layer to the outer covering layer is less than or equal to 0.4%.
  • the material of the coating is polyacrylate.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, and the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is less than or equal to 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 245 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness is less than or equal to 6%.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, and the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is less than or equal to 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 200 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness is less than or equal to 6%.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, and the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is less than or equal to 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 180 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness is less than or equal to 6%.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 8.7-9.5 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not greater than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not greater than 0.1dB;
  • the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and 1 turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not greater than 0.03dB.
  • the bending loss is not more than 0.1dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB;
  • the optical fiber is at a radius of 7.5mm, and the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C
  • the relative humidity is within 40%-60%
  • the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • the new type of optical fiber provided by this application has a large mode field diameter of 8.7 ⁇ 9.5 ⁇ m and good bending resistance.
  • the macrobending loss can reach the level of G657 fiber, and it can be under the condition of 15mm diameter.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not higher than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not higher than 0.1dB, which realizes the full compatibility of G652 and G657 fibers; and the outer diameter can reach 245 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, forming a series of different outer diameters, satisfying many Application scenarios.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional refractive index profile of an optical fiber in an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical fiber shown in Fig. 1.
  • outer diameter refers to the farthest distance between the outer boundaries of a structural layer.
  • outer radius refers to the distance from the outer boundary of a structural layer to the central axis of the core layer.
  • this application provides an optical fiber, from the inside to the outside, including a core layer 1, a buffer cladding layer 3, a recessed cladding layer 5, a deep fluorine-doped layer 7, an outer cladding layer 9 and a coating.
  • the core layer 1 is germanium-doped silica with a refractive index difference n1 of 0.37 to 0.5% relative to that of silicon dioxide;
  • the refractive index difference n3 relative to the refractive index of silicon dioxide is -0.05 ⁇ 0.1%, and the refractive index at the outer interface contacting the recessed cladding layer 5 is equal to the refractive index of the recessed cladding layer 5;
  • the refractive index difference n5 of layer 5 relative to silicon dioxide is -0.12 to -0.2%;
  • the refractive index difference n7 of the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 relative to silicon dioxide is -0.3 to -0.5%;
  • the outer cladding layer 9 It is silicon dioxide, the refractive index is nc, and the coating is coated on the outer cover 9.
  • the recessed cladding layer 5 and the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 as shown in FIG. 1 can be adjusted by adding a lower dopant to the silicon dioxide, and the lower dopant is usually used such as Fluorine, boron, etc.
  • the buffer cladding layer 3 as shown in FIG. 1 can adjust the refractive index by adding an upper dopant or a combination of upper and lower dopants to the silicon dioxide.
  • the upper dopant is usually used such as Germanium, chlorine, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium, etc.
  • the core layer 1 may also use a germanium-containing mixed type upper dopant to adjust the refractive index of the silica glass; or use equivalent other upper dopants to adjust the refractive index of the silica glass .
  • the radius of the core layer 1 is 4.1 to 4.7 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the buffer cladding 3 is 3 to 5 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the recessed cladding 5 is 6 to 10 ⁇ m
  • the deep fluorine doped layer The thickness of the layer 7 is 10-20 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the outer covering layer 9 is 22.8-39.4 ⁇ m.
  • the out-of-roundness of the core layer 1 is less than or equal to 1%; the overall out-of-roundness of the core layer 1 to the outer covering layer 9 is less than or equal to 0.4%.
  • the material of the coating is polyacrylate.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, and the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is ⁇ 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 245 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness ⁇ 6%.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating is 192 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 245 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.8%.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, and the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is ⁇ 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 200 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness ⁇ 6%.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating is 165 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.5%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 198 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.7%.
  • the coating includes an inner coating and an outer coating, the out-of-roundness of the inner coating is ⁇ 6%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 180 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, and the out-of-roundness is ⁇ 6%.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating is 155 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.65%; the outer diameter of the outer coating is 182 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.75%.
  • the thickness of the coating can be adjusted as needed, and of course it is not limited to the above three embodiments.
  • the actual manufacturing process first manufacture the preform according to the refractive index profile, melt the wire drawing through the drawing tower, cool, coat, solidify, take up the wire, and then pass the strength test and other performance tests before being used.
  • the fiber has a large core diameter.
  • the groove design reduces bending loss and makes it insensitive to bending loss.
  • low bending loss drawing technology is used to further reduce bending loss and make the final product insensitive to bending loss.
  • the low bending loss wire drawing technology mainly considers the MAC value control method. Through the adjustment of MFD and cut-off wavelength parameters, the optimal matching point is found.
  • the coating and curing control of low microbending loss are combined to enable the microbending loss of the optical fiber. Get control, and then achieve the result of ground bending loss.
  • the optical fiber provided by this application has the advantages of large mode field diameter and resistance to bending.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 8.7-9.5 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.1dB; when the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and one turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not If it is greater than 0.1dB, the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB; the optical fiber has a radius of 7.5mm and one turn, the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C, the relative humidity is within 40%-60%, and the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • Embodiment 1 an optical fiber, includes a core layer 1, a buffer cladding layer 3, a recessed cladding layer 5, a deep fluorine-doped layer 7, an outer cladding layer 9 and a coating in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the core layer 1 is germanium-doped silicon dioxide, the radius is 4.15 ⁇ m, the out-of-roundness is 0.1%, and the relative refractive index difference n1 of the core layer 1 is 0.38%;
  • the refractive index of the buffer cladding 3 is linearly graded, the relative refractive index difference n3 of the inner interface is -0.05%, and the thickness is 3 ⁇ m;
  • the relative refractive index difference n5 of the recessed cladding layer 5 is -0.13%, and the thickness is 7 ⁇ m;
  • the thickness of the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 is 12 ⁇ m, and its relative refractive index n7 is -0.3 ⁇ -0.5%;
  • the outer cladding layer 9 is a pure quartz glass layer with an outer radius of 62.5 ⁇ m, and the overall out-of-roundness of the cladding layer is 0.4%;
  • the coating material uses polyacrylate, including an inner coating and an outer coating.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating of the 245 ⁇ m series is 192 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.6%.
  • the outer diameter of the outer coating is 245 ⁇ m, which is not The roundness is 0.8%.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 8.75 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.1dB; when the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and one turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not If it is greater than 0.1dB, the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB; the optical fiber has a radius of 7.5mm and one turn, the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C, the relative humidity is within 40%-60%, and the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • an optical fiber includes a core layer 1, a buffer cladding layer 3, a recessed cladding layer 5, a deep fluorine-doped layer 7, an outer cladding layer 9 and a coating in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the core layer 1 is germanium-doped silicon dioxide, the radius is 4.25 ⁇ m, the out-of-roundness is 0.14%, and the relative refractive index difference n1 of the core layer 1 is 0.39%;
  • the refractive index of the buffer cladding 3 is linearly graded, the relative refractive index difference n3 of the inner interface is -0.01%, and the thickness is 3.5 ⁇ m;
  • the relative refractive index difference n5 of the recessed cladding layer 5 is -0.12%, and the thickness is 7 ⁇ m;
  • the thickness of the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 is 11 ⁇ m, and its relative refractive index n7 is -0.35%;
  • the outer cladding layer 9 is a pure quartz glass layer with an outer radius of 62.5 ⁇ m, and the overall out-of-roundness of the cladding layer is 0.4%;
  • the coating material uses polyacrylate, including an inner coating and an outer coating.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating of the 245 ⁇ m series is 192 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.6%.
  • the outer diameter of the outer coating is 245 ⁇ m, which is not The roundness is 0.8%.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 8.82 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.1dB; when the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and one turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not If it is greater than 0.1dB, the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB; the optical fiber has a radius of 7.5mm and one turn, the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C, the relative humidity is within 40%-60%, and the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • an optical fiber includes a core layer 1, a buffer cladding layer 3, a depressed cladding layer 5, a deep fluorine-doped layer 7, an outer cladding layer 9 and a coating layer in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the core layer 1 is germanium-doped silicon dioxide, the radius is 4.5 ⁇ m, the out-of-roundness is 0.15%, and the relative refractive index difference n1 of the core layer is 0.42%;
  • the refractive index of the buffer cladding 3 is linearly graded, the relative refractive index difference n3 of the inner interface is 0.04%, and the thickness is 4 ⁇ m;
  • the relative refractive index difference n5 of the recessed cladding layer 5 is -0.16%, and the thickness is 7.5 ⁇ m;
  • the thickness of the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 is 13 ⁇ m, and its relative refractive index n7 is -0.4%;
  • the outer cladding layer 9 is a pure quartz glass layer with an outer radius of 62.5 ⁇ m, and the overall out-of-roundness of the cladding layer is 0.35%;
  • the coating material is made of polyacrylate, including an inner coating and an outer coating.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating of the 200 ⁇ m series is 165 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.5%.
  • the outer diameter of the outer coating is 198 ⁇ m, which is not The roundness is 0.7%.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 8.98 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.1dB; when the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and one turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not If it is greater than 0.1dB, the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB; the optical fiber has a radius of 7.5mm and one turn, the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C, the relative humidity is within 40%-60%, and the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • an optical fiber includes a core layer 1, a buffer cladding layer 3, a recessed cladding layer 5, a deep fluorine-doped layer 7, an outer cladding layer 9 and a coating in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the core layer 1 is germanium-doped silicon dioxide, the radius is 4.68 ⁇ m, the out-of-roundness is 1%, and the relative refractive index difference n1 of the core layer is 0.47%;
  • the refractive index of the buffer cladding 3 is linearly graded, the relative refractive index difference n3 of the inner interface is 0.09%, and the thickness is 4 ⁇ m;
  • the relative refractive index difference n5 of the recessed cladding layer 5 is -0.18%, and the thickness is 8 ⁇ m;
  • the thickness of the deep fluorine-doped layer 7 is 18 ⁇ m, and its relative refractive index n7 is -0.43%;
  • the outer cladding layer 9 is a pure quartz glass layer with an outer radius of 62.5 ⁇ m, and the overall out-of-roundness of the cladding layer is 0.28%;
  • the coating material is made of polyacrylate, including an inner coating and an outer coating.
  • the outer diameter of the inner coating of the 180 ⁇ m series is 155 ⁇ m, and its out-of-roundness is 0.65%.
  • the outer diameter of the outer coating is 182 ⁇ m, which is not The roundness is 0.75%.
  • the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310 nm is 9.2 ⁇ m.
  • the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.03dB, and the macro-bending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.1dB; when the fiber is at a radius of 10mm and one turn, the macro-bending loss at 1550nm is not If it is greater than 0.1dB, the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 0.2dB; the optical fiber has a radius of 7.5mm and one turn, the macrobending loss at 1550nm is not more than 0.5dB, and the macrobending loss at 1625nm is not more than 1dB.
  • the temperature of the optical fiber is within 20-30°C, the relative humidity is within 40%-60%, and the anti-fatigue parameter of the optical fiber is greater than 22.
  • the optical fiber provided by this application has high compatibility, large mode field diameter, and its bending loss is not sensitive; the conventional optical fiber has a cladding diameter of 125 microns and a coating diameter of 245 microns.
  • the current development trend is toward smaller sizes. , The optical fiber becomes thinner, the optical cable becomes thinner, and the pipeline space is saved.
  • the coating diameter of this application can be reduced from 245 microns to 180 microns. When the diameter becomes smaller, it can also provide good protection and effectively solve the pipeline resource space. Strong designability.

Abstract

一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层(1)、缓冲包层(3)、凹陷包层(5)、深掺氟层(7)、外包层(9)及涂层，芯层(1)为相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为0.37～0.5％的掺锗二氧化硅；缓冲包层(3)的折射率为渐变结构，其与芯层(1)接触的内界面处折射率相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.05～0.1％，与凹陷包层(5)接触的外界面处折射率和凹陷包层(5)的折射率相等；凹陷包层(5)相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.12～-0.2％；深掺氟层(7)相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.3～-0.5％；外包层(9)为二氧化硅，涂层涂覆在外包层(9)外。光纤具有大模场直径，抗弯曲的优点。

Description

光纤 技术领域
本申请涉及通讯技术领域，特别是指一种光纤。
背景技术
通用光纤，可以应用于长途干线、局域网建设、FTTX到户建设等等，实现原有不同区域应用的通用替代，多场景光纤于一体，实现一种光纤兼容原来的G652单模光纤和G657单模光纤。
现有的单模光纤中，一般在长途传输、局域网建设中采用G.652光纤，成本低，前期应用多，新上建设与早期的光纤实现最大兼容，在局域网和接入网建设中，采用G657光纤，抗弯曲性能好，更能应对不同的复杂环境，但是在局域网会产生两种光纤需要对接的情况，因为两者之间的模场直径存在较大差异，例如普通G652光纤模场直径在9.2±0.5μm，而常规G657光纤模场直径在8.6±0.5，模场直径的差异造成两者之间对接带来的接续损耗较大，对线路带来不良影响。
发明内容
鉴于以上内容，有必要提供一种改进的光纤。
本申请提供的技术方案为：一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层、缓冲包层、凹陷包层、深掺氟层、外包层及涂层，所述芯层为相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为0.37～0.5％的掺锗二氧化硅；所述缓冲包层的 折射率为渐变结构，其与所述芯层接触的内界面处折射率相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.05～0.1％，与所述凹陷包层接触的外界面处折射率和所述凹陷包层的折射率相等；所述凹陷包层相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.12～-0.2％；所述深掺氟层相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.3～-0.5％；所述外包层为二氧化硅，所述涂层涂覆在所述外包层外。
进一步的，所述芯层的半径为4.1～4.7μm，所述缓冲包层的厚度为3～5μm；所述凹陷包层的厚度为6～10μm；所述深掺氟层的厚度为10～20μm；所述外包层的厚度为22.8～39.4μm。
进一步的，所述芯层的不圆度≤1％；所述芯层至所述外包层的整体不圆度≤0.4％。
进一步的，所述涂层的材料为聚丙烯酸酯。
进一步的，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为245±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
进一步的，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为200±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
进一步的，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为180±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
进一步的，所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.7～9.5μm。
进一步的，光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大 于1dB。
进一步的，光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
与现有技术相比，本申请提供的一种新型光纤，具备大模场直径8.7～9.5μm，同时具备良好的抗弯曲性能，宏弯损耗可以达到G657光纤水平，可以在15mm直径的条件下，宏弯损耗1550nm不高于0.03dB，1625nm的宏弯损耗不高于0.1dB，实现G652、G657光纤的完全兼容；且外径可以达到245μm、200μm、180μm，形成外径不同系列，满足多应用场景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本申请一实施方式中光纤的剖面折射率分布图。
图2为图1示出的光纤的剖面结构图。
主要元件符号说明:
芯层               1
缓冲包层           3
凹陷包层           5
深掺氟层           7
外包层             9
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请实施例。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请实施例的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请实施例，所描述的实施方式仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
本文中“外直径”指一结构层外边界之间的最远距离。
本文中“外半径”指一结构层外边界至芯层中心轴的距离。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请实施例的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请实施例。
请参阅图1和图2，本申请提供一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层1、缓冲包层3、凹陷包层5、深掺氟层7、外包层9及涂层，所述芯层1为相对于二氧化硅的折射率差n1为0.37～0.5％的掺锗二氧化硅；所述缓冲包层3的折射率为渐变结构，其与所述芯层1接触的内界面处折射率相对于二氧化硅的折射率差n3为-0.05～0.1％，与所述凹陷包层5接触的外界面处折射率和所述凹陷包层5的折射率相等；所述凹陷包层5相对于二氧化硅的折射率差n5为-0.12～-0.2％；所述 深掺氟层7相对于二氧化硅的折射率差n7为-0.3～-0.5％；所述外包层9为二氧化硅，折射率为nc，所述涂层涂覆在所述外包层9外。在一些实施方式中，如图1示出的凹陷包层5和深掺氟层7可以通过在二氧化硅中添加下掺杂剂来实现相对折射率的调控，通常采用的下掺杂剂如氟、硼等。在一些实施方式中，如图1示出的缓冲包层3可以通过在二氧化硅中添加上掺杂剂或者上、下掺杂剂的组合来调控折射率，通常采用的上掺杂剂如锗、氯、磷、铝、钛等。在其他实施方式中，芯层1也可以采用含锗的混合型上掺杂剂对二氧化硅玻璃进行折射率调控；亦或者采用等同的其他上掺杂剂对二氧化硅玻璃进行折射率调控。
在具体实施方式中，所述芯层1的半径为4.1～4.7μm，所述缓冲包层3的厚度为3～5μm；所述凹陷包层5的厚度为6～10μm；所述深掺氟层7的厚度为10～20μm；所述外包层9的厚度为22.8～39.4μm。
在具体实施方式中，所述芯层1的不圆度≤1％；所述芯层1至所述外包层9的整体不圆度≤0.4％。
在具体实施方式中，所述涂层的材料为聚丙烯酸酯。
在第一实施方式中，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为245±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。在一些实施例中，所述内涂层的外直径为192μm，其不圆度为0.6％；所述外涂层的外直径为245μm，其不圆度为0.8％。
在第二实施方式中，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为200±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。在一些实施例中，所述内涂层的外直径为165μm，其不圆度为0.5％； 所述外涂层的外直径为198μm，其不圆度为0.7％。
第三实施方式中，所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为180±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。在一些实施例中，所述内涂层的外直径为155μm，其不圆度为0.65％；所述外涂层的外直径为182μm，其不圆度为0.75％。
从第一、第二、第三实施方式中可以看出，涂层厚度可以根据需要调整，当然也不限定为以上三种实施方式。实际制造过程：先按照折射率剖面制造预制棒，通过拉丝塔熔融拉丝、冷却、涂覆、固化，收线，再经强度检测等性能测试合格后待用。该光纤芯径大，通过沟槽设计，降低了弯曲损耗，使其具备弯曲损耗不敏感特性，拉丝过程中还采用低弯曲损耗拉丝技术，进一步降低弯曲损耗，使得最终产品的弯曲损耗不敏感。低弯曲损耗拉丝技术，主要考虑的是MAC值控制法，通过MFD和截止波长参数的调配，寻找最优的匹配点，另外结合低微弯损耗的涂覆和固化控制，使光纤的微弯损耗能够得到管控，进而实现地的弯曲损耗结果。
本申请提供的光纤具有大模场直径，抗弯曲的优点。经试验检测，所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.7～9.5μm。光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
下面具体举例对本申请的光纤结构和特性进行详细说明。
实施例1，一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层1、缓冲包层3、凹陷包层5、深掺氟层7、外包层9及涂层。
所述芯层1为掺锗二氧化硅，其半径为4.15μm，其不圆度为0.1％，芯层1的相对折射率差n1为0.38％；
缓冲包层3的折射率为线性渐变，内界面的相对折射率差n3为-0.05％，厚度为3μm；
凹陷包层5的相对折射率差n5为-0.13％，厚度为7μm；
深掺氟层7的厚度为12μm，其相对折射率n7为-0.3～-0.5％；
所述外包层9为纯石英玻璃层，其外半径为62.5μm，该包层整体不圆度为0.4％；
所述涂层材料采用聚丙烯酸酯，包括内涂层以及外涂层，245μm系列的内涂层外直径为192μm，其不圆度为0.6％，所述外涂层外直径为245μm，其不圆度为0.8％。
所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.75μm。光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
实施例2，一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层1、缓冲包层3、凹陷包层5、深掺氟层7、外包层9以及涂层。
所述芯层1为掺锗二氧化硅，其半径为4.25μm，其不圆度为0.14％，芯层1的相对折射率差n1为0.39％；
缓冲包层3的折射率为线性渐变，内界面的相对折射率差n3为-0.01％，厚度为3.5μm；
凹陷包层5的相对折射率差n5为-0.12％，厚度为7μm；
深掺氟层7的厚度为11μm，其相对折射率n7为-0.35％；
所述外包层9为纯石英玻璃层，其外半径为62.5μm，该包层整体不圆度为0.4％；
所述涂层材料采用聚丙烯酸酯，包括内涂层以及外涂层，245μm系列的内涂层外直径为192μm，其不圆度为0.6％，所述外涂层外直径为245μm，其不圆度为0.8％。
所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.82μm。光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
实施例3，一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层1、缓冲包层3、凹陷包层5、深掺氟层7、外包层9以及涂层。
所述芯层1为掺锗二氧化硅，其半径为4.5μm，其不圆度为0.15％，芯层的相对折射率差n1为0.42％；
缓冲包层3的折射率为线性渐变，内界面的相对折射率差n3为 0.04％，厚度为4μm；
凹陷包层5的相对折射率差n5为-0.16％，厚度为7.5μm；
深掺氟层7的厚度为13μm，其相对折射率n7为-0.4％；
所述外包层9为纯石英玻璃层，其外半径为62.5μm，该包层整体不圆度为0.35％；
所述涂层材料采用聚丙烯酸酯，包括内涂层以及外涂层，200μm系列的内涂层外直径为165μm，其不圆度为0.5％，所述外涂层外直径为198μm，其不圆度为0.7％。
所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.98μm。光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
实施例4，一种光纤，从内到外依次包括芯层1、缓冲包层3、凹陷包层5、深掺氟层7、外包层9以及涂层。
所述芯层1为掺锗二氧化硅，其半径为4.68μm，其不圆度为1％，芯层的相对折射率差n1为0.47％；
缓冲包层3的折射率为线性渐变，内界面的相对折射率差n3为0.09％，厚度为4μm；
凹陷包层5的相对折射率差n5为-0.18％，厚度为8μm；
深掺氟层7厚度为18μm，其相对折射率n7为-0.43％；
所述外包层9为纯石英玻璃层，其外半径为62.5μm，该包层整体不圆度为0.28％；
所述涂层材料采用聚丙烯酸酯，包括内涂层以及外涂层，180μm系列的内涂层外直径为155μm，其不圆度为0.65％，所述外涂层外直径为182μm，其不圆度为0.75％。
所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为9.2μm。光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
综上，本申请提供的光纤具有高兼容性，大模场直径，且其弯曲损耗不敏感；常规的光纤是包层直径125微米、涂层直径在245微米，目前的发展趋势是往小尺寸，光纤变细、光缆变细，节省管道空间，本申请的涂层直径可以从245微米下降到180微米，在直径变小的情况下，还可以提供良好的保护，有效解决管道资源空间，产品可设计性强。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照以上较佳实施方式对本申请实施例进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请实施例的技术方案进行修改或等同替换都不应脱离本申请实施例的技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光纤，其特征在于：从内到外依次包括芯层、缓冲包层、凹陷包层、深掺氟层、外包层及涂层，所述芯层为相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为0.37～0.5％的掺锗二氧化硅；所述缓冲包层的折射率为渐变结构，其与所述芯层接触的内界面处折射率相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.05～0.1％，与所述凹陷包层接触的外界面处折射率和所述凹陷包层的折射率相等；所述凹陷包层相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.12～-0.2％；所述深掺氟层相对于二氧化硅的折射率差为-0.3～-0.5％；所述外包层为二氧化硅，所述涂层涂覆在所述外包层外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层的半径为4.1～4.7μm，所述缓冲包层的厚度为3～5μm；所述凹陷包层的厚度为6～10μm；所述深掺氟层的厚度为10～20μm；所述外包层的厚度为22.8～39.4μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层的不圆度≤1％；所述芯层至所述外包层的整体不圆度≤0.4％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述涂层的材料为聚丙烯酸酯。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为245±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为200±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述涂层包括内涂层和外涂层，所述内涂层的不圆度≤6％；所述外涂层的外直径为180±7μm，其不圆度≤6％。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的光纤，其特征在于：所述光纤在1310nm处的模场直径为8.7～9.5μm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的光纤，其特征在于：光纤在半径15mm，10圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.03dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB；光纤在半径10mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.1dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于0.2dB；光纤在半径7.5mm，1圈的条件下，1550nm的宏弯损耗不大于0.5dB，在1625nm处的宏弯损耗不大于1dB。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的光纤，其特征在于：光纤在温度20～30℃之内，相对湿度在40％～60％之内，光纤抗疲劳参数大于22。
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