WO2021217794A1 - 一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2021217794A1
WO2021217794A1 PCT/CN2020/095501 CN2020095501W WO2021217794A1 WO 2021217794 A1 WO2021217794 A1 WO 2021217794A1 CN 2020095501 W CN2020095501 W CN 2020095501W WO 2021217794 A1 WO2021217794 A1 WO 2021217794A1
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voltage
grid
energy conversion
switching device
amplitude
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PCT/CN2020/095501
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English (en)
French (fr)
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相国华
程林
丁杰
潘年安
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阳光电源股份有限公司
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Priority to CA3150321A priority Critical patent/CA3150321A1/en
Priority to AU2020444688A priority patent/AU2020444688B2/en
Priority to EP20933070.3A priority patent/EP4009472A4/en
Priority to US17/642,113 priority patent/US20230040509A1/en
Publication of WO2021217794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021217794A1/zh
Priority to AU2023282233A priority patent/AU2023282233A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/10Constant-current supply systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and more specifically, to a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system and a control method thereof.
  • the energy conversion device converts the energy of the front-stage power source (such as solar energy, wind energy, or battery energy storage, etc.)
  • the energy conversion device enters a non-operating state, and at this time, if the step-up transformer is still connected to the power grid, a large no-load loss will occur. Therefore, in the prior art, a switching device is added between the step-up transformer and the power grid, and the opening and closing of the switching device is controlled by a control unit. The connection of the grid, thereby reducing the no-load loss.
  • the above scheme of adding switching devices is specifically designed for a single-circuit grid-connected power generation system.
  • the multiple power sources are connected in parallel to the same collection line L1 through an energy conversion device and a step-up transformer, and then the grid is realized, as shown in Figure 2, if each is connected to the grid
  • Each branch is provided with a switch device and a control unit separately, and the system hardware cost is too high.
  • the present application provides a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system and a control method thereof, so as to reduce the system hardware cost on the premise of reducing the no-load loss of each step-up transformer.
  • a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system wherein the multi-channel energy conversion devices are connected in parallel to the same power collection line through a step-up transformer, and one end of the power collection line is connected to the power grid through a switching device. Opening and closing are controlled by a control unit;
  • the control unit sends an opening instruction to the switching device when it is determined that each energy conversion device has entered a non-operation state
  • At least one energy conversion device starts operating as a voltage source when the startup conditions are met, and establishes an AC voltage, so that the phase difference and amplitude difference of the voltage across the switching device are stabilized within the allowable error range Then, the control unit sends a closing instruction to the switching device and the rest of the energy conversion device starts to operate as a current source to deliver energy to the power grid.
  • control unit determines whether each energy conversion device enters a non-operating state through information interaction with the centralized control room or each energy conversion device.
  • the step of making the voltage phase difference and amplitude difference at both ends of the switching device stabilize within the allowable error range means: making the voltage source The phase and amplitude are stable at the preset level;
  • the value deviation and the transformation ratio of the step-up transformer on the AC side of the voltage source are jointly determined.
  • the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage are used as feedback to adjust the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage in a closed loop, or the same
  • the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage of the step-up transformer on the grid-connected branch are used as feedback to adjust the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage in a closed loop, or the amplitude and phase of the AC side voltage of any other energy conversion device are used as feedback.
  • the closed loop adjusts the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage.
  • the remaining energy conversion devices are used as current sources to start operation, including:
  • the remaining energy conversion devices are used as current sources to start operation before the switching device is closed;
  • the remaining energy conversion devices start to operate as a current source after the switching device is closed;
  • the remaining energy conversion devices are divided into two batches, one batch starts to operate as a current source before the switching device is closed, and the other batch starts to operate as a current source after the switching device is closed.
  • the voltage source is switched to the current source and continues to be put into operation.
  • the at least one energy conversion device starts operating as a voltage source when the startup condition is met, including: one energy conversion device serves as the voltage when the startup condition is met.
  • the multiple energy conversion devices will all start and run together as voltage sources and stand by each other; or, first let one energy conversion device start and run as a voltage source when the starting conditions are met.
  • the energy conversion device is started as a voltage source, the AC voltage that meets the requirements cannot be established, and the other one or more energy conversion devices are all started and operated together as a voltage source when the starting conditions are met.
  • the amplitude and phase of the grid voltage are sampled in real time through a voltage transformer.
  • the voltage transformer is connected between the ring network of the multiple grid-connected power generation system and the grid, and the control unit is the ring
  • the way of taking power from the ring network includes: taking power from the power grid through the voltage transformer.
  • the switching device is a high-voltage contactor or a tap switch device.
  • a control method of a multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system wherein, in the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system, the multiple energy conversion devices are connected in parallel to the same power collection line through a step-up transformer. One end is connected to the power grid through a switching device, and the opening and closing of the switching device is controlled by a control unit;
  • the control method includes:
  • the control unit sends an opening instruction to the switching device when it is determined that each energy conversion device has entered a non-operation state
  • At least one energy conversion device starts operating as a voltage source when the startup conditions are met, and establishes an AC voltage, so that the phase difference and amplitude difference of the voltage across the switching device are stabilized within the allowable error range Then, the control unit sends a closing instruction to the switching device and the rest of the energy conversion device starts to operate as a current source to deliver energy to the power grid.
  • this application allows each grid-connected branch to share a switching device and a control unit, which reduces the cost of system hardware.
  • the control unit controls the switching device to open after each energy conversion device enters a non-operational state, and cuts off the connection between each step-up transformer and the power grid, thereby reducing the idle time of each step-up transformer. Load loss. After the system is off the grid, at least one energy conversion device will start to operate as a voltage source when the startup conditions are met.
  • the phase and amplitude of the collector line voltage are approximately equal to the phase and amplitude of the grid voltage, and on the other hand, it provides the system with The voltage amplitude and frequency are supported, so that no current impact will occur at the moment the switching device is closed, and the system can also be smoothly restored to the grid-connected power generation state to ensure normal power supply.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-circuit grid-connected power generation system disclosed in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system disclosed in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system disclosed in an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another multi-channel grid-connected power generation system disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a control method of a multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • an embodiment of the present application discloses a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system, in which: the multi-channel energy conversion devices are connected in parallel to the same power collection line L1 through a step-up transformer, and one end of the power collection line L1 passes through A switching device K is connected to the power grid.
  • the switching device K may be, for example, a high-voltage contactor or a tap switch device.
  • the opening and closing of the switching device K is controlled by a control unit.
  • the control unit participates in at least the following control logic (1) and (2) in the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system.
  • the multi-channel grid-connected power generation system When the switching device K is in the closed state, the multi-channel grid-connected power generation system is in the grid-connected state. In the grid-connected state of the system, the control unit sends an opening instruction to the switching device K when it is judged that each energy conversion device has entered a non-operation state.
  • each energy conversion device has its own control system, and the control system, as a part of the energy conversion device, is used to monitor the operating state of the main circuit of the energy conversion device and perform information interaction with the centralized control room.
  • the control system As a part of the energy conversion device, is used to monitor the operating state of the main circuit of the energy conversion device and perform information interaction with the centralized control room.
  • the main circuit of the energy conversion device enters the non-operating state under the independent control of its own control system or the centralized control of the centralized control room.
  • the control unit can determine whether each energy conversion device has entered a non-operational state by performing information interaction with each energy conversion device (essentially performing information interaction with the control system of each energy conversion device) or a centralized control room.
  • the control unit controls the switching device K to open and cut off the connection between the step-up transformers and the power grid, so as to reduce the number of step-ups.
  • the no-load loss of the transformer improves the overall efficiency of the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system.
  • the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system After the control unit controls the switching device K to open, the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system enters an off-grid state.
  • the system is off-grid, at least one energy conversion device meets the start-up conditions (satisfying the start-up conditions means that the energy of the front-end power supply of the energy conversion device is not lower than the preset value required by the energy conversion device and the central control room does not prohibit the energy
  • the conversion device is started) as a voltage source to start operation, establish an AC voltage, so that the phase difference and amplitude difference of the voltage across the switching device K are stabilized within the allowable error range, and then the control unit sends a closing command and other commands to the switching device K
  • the energy conversion device is started as a current source (the other energy conversion devices refer to the energy conversion device in addition to the voltage source, the front-end power supply energy is not lower than the preset value required by the corresponding energy conversion device and the centralized control room does not prohibit its activation ), to
  • energy conversion devices can be divided into two types: energy conversion devices as voltage sources and energy conversion devices as current sources.
  • the so-called energy conversion device as a voltage source refers to the energy conversion device operating in the V/F (voltage/frequency) mode. It is in the off-grid state of the microgrid (that is, the microgrid has lost the voltage amplitude and the voltage provided by the large grid). In the case of frequency support) output stable voltage amplitude and frequency, and provide voltage amplitude and frequency support for the entire microgrid.
  • the so-called energy conversion device as a current source refers to an energy conversion device that operates on P/Q (active/reactive power).
  • the microgrid When the microgrid is supported by voltage amplitude and frequency, it controls the size of its own output current Directly control the size of its own output active and reactive power.
  • the multi-circuit grid-connected power generation system is a micro-grid, and the micro-grid is connected to the large power grid through the switching device K.
  • the switching device K will generate a large inrush current at the moment of closing, reducing the life of the related device or even damaging the device. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, under the condition that the energy of the front-stage power supply of the energy conversion device is sufficient, at least one energy conversion device is first started as a voltage source. Excitation, the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage of the step-up transformer are stabilized at a level that is basically equal to the amplitude and phase of the grid voltage, and then the control unit controls the switching device K to close, and the switching device K closes instantaneously No inrush current will be generated.
  • the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage of the step-up transformer are determined by the amplitude and phase of the output voltage of the voltage source.
  • the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage of the voltage transformer are stabilized at a level substantially equal to the amplitude and phase of the grid voltage, that is, the amplitude and phase of the voltage source are stabilized at a preset level.
  • is the allowable phase deviation between the phase of the excitation voltage of the step-up transformer and ⁇ Tp (that is, the allowable phase deviation between the voltages at both ends of the switching device K)
  • K is the voltage disturbance coefficient
  • the value of k is determined by the allowable amplitude deviation between the excitation voltage of the step-up transformer and U Tp (that is, the allowable amplitude deviation between the voltage at both ends of the switching device K) and the The transformation ratio of the step-up transformer is jointly determined.
  • the phase lock is also frequency lock. To fix the phase, the frequency must be consistent.
  • the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage can be used as feedback to adjust the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage in a closed loop, or the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage of the booster transformer on the same grid-connected branch can be used as feedback.
  • the value and phase are used as feedback to adjust the amplitude and phase of its actual output voltage in a closed loop.
  • the amplitude and phase of the excitation voltage and the amplitude and phase of the actual output voltage of the voltage source have a fixed correspondence. According to the correspondence, the amplitude and phase of the actual output voltage of the voltage source can be calculated, which is not limited.
  • the voltage source Before switching device K is closed, the voltage source establishes voltage amplitude and frequency support for the entire microgrid. After switching device K is closed, the external grid provides voltage amplitude and frequency support for the microgrid. It can be seen whether it is before switching device K is closed. After closing, the microgrid has voltage amplitude and frequency support. Therefore, the other energy conversion devices except the voltage source can be used as a current source to start operation before the switching device K is closed; it can also be used as a current source after the switching device K is closed; it can also be divided into two batches. The switching device K starts to run as a current source before closing, and the other batch starts to run as a current source after the switching device K is closed, which is not limited.
  • the at least one energy conversion device starts to operate as a voltage source when the startup condition is met, and one energy conversion device can be started as a voltage source when the startup condition is met; or it can be multiple energy conversion devices when the startup condition is met.
  • the conditions are met, all start and run together as voltage sources, each as a backup; it can also be that one energy conversion device is started as a voltage source when the starting conditions are met. If this energy conversion device is started as a voltage source, it cannot be established to meet the requirements.
  • the other one or more energy conversion devices will all start and run together as a voltage source.
  • the micro-grid after the switching device K is closed, the micro-grid also has the voltage amplitude and frequency support provided by the large power grid, so the voltage source can be switched to the current source and continue to be put into operation , Provide active and reactive power for the grid.
  • the energy conversion device as a voltage source may be a fixed one or more energy conversion devices designated in advance, or one or more energy conversion devices designated randomly, or It can be one or several energy conversion devices that finally win the competition after each energy conversion device participates in the competition, and it is not limited. For example, which energy conversion device has an input side voltage that first reaches the working voltage of the energy conversion device, and which energy conversion device is the first energy conversion device to win the competition and first obtains the qualification as a voltage source.
  • the phase and amplitude of the grid voltage must be obtained in real time.
  • the grid voltage can be sampled through a voltage transformer PT connected between the control unit and the grid.
  • the ring network of the multi-channel grid-connected power generation system (the control unit and the control system of each energy conversion device are all nodes in the ring network)
  • the control unit and the control system of each energy conversion device are all nodes in the ring network
  • the embodiment of the present application recommends adopting the above-mentioned power-taking method (2) and the above-mentioned power-taking method (3). Both the above-mentioned power-taking method (2) and the above-mentioned power-taking method (3) can realize uninterrupted power supply to the control unit and the control system of each energy conversion device.
  • the method of taking power from the grid in the above-mentioned power-taking method (2) and the above-mentioned power-taking method (3) can be to take power from the grid through a voltage transformer PT, and the voltage transformer PT also has sampling And communication function, saving cost.
  • other methods such as additional introduction of a power supply transformer to obtain electricity from the power grid can also be used, which is not limited.
  • the embodiments of the present application allow each grid-connected branch to share one switching device and one control unit, which reduces the cost of system hardware.
  • the control unit controls the switching device to open after each energy conversion device enters a non-operational state, and cuts off the connection between each step-up transformer and the power grid, thereby reducing the idle time of each step-up transformer. Load loss. After the system is off the grid, at least one energy conversion device will start to operate as a voltage source when the startup conditions are met.
  • the phase and amplitude of the collector line voltage are approximately equal to the phase and amplitude of the grid voltage, and on the other hand, it provides the system with The voltage amplitude and frequency are supported, so that no current impact will occur at the moment the switching device is closed, and the system can also be smoothly restored to the grid-connected power generation state to ensure normal power supply.
  • the embodiment of the present application also discloses a control method of a multi-channel grid-connected power generation system.
  • the multi-channel energy conversion devices are connected in parallel to the same power collection line through a step-up transformer, and one end of the power collection line is connected to the power grid through a switching device. Opening and closing are controlled by a control unit.
  • the control system of the multi-channel grid-connected power generation system includes:
  • Step S01 The control unit sends an opening instruction to the switching device when it is determined that each energy conversion device has entered a non-operating state;
  • Step S02 At least one energy conversion device starts to operate as a voltage source when the startup condition is met, and establishes an AC voltage, so that the voltage phase difference and amplitude difference between the two ends of the switching device are stabilized within the allowable error range;
  • Step S03 The control unit issues a closing instruction to the switching device and the other energy conversion devices are used as current sources to start operation, deliver energy to the grid, and then return to step S01.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法,在减少各升压变压器的空载损耗的前提下,降低了系统成本。该系统中的多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制。所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;在所述开关器件分闸状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量。

Description

一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法
本申请要求于2020年04月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010362289.7、申请名称为“一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
在某些应用场合下,能量转换装置将前级电源的能量(例如太阳能、风能或电池储能等)进行转换之后,需要通过升压变压器将能量馈送到电网中。在前级电源的能量供应不足的情况下,能量转换装置进入非运行状态,而此时升压变压器若是仍与电网相连接则会产生很大的空载损耗。因此,现有技术在升压变压器与电网之间增设了一开关器件,该开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制,如图1所示,在能量转换装置非运行时切断升压变压器与电网的连接,从而减少空载损耗。
上述增设开关器件的方案是专门针对单路并网发电系统设计的。而对于多路并网发电系统来说,多路电源各自通过一路能量转换装置、一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路L1,然后实现电网,如图2所示,如果为每一条并网支路都单独设置一个开关器件和一个控制单元,则系统硬件成本太高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请提供一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法,以实现在减少各升压变压器的空载损耗的前提下,降低系统硬件成本。
一种多路并网发电系统,其中,多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所 述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制;
所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;
在所述开关器件分闸状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量。
可选的,所述控制单元通过与集控室或者各能量转换装置进行信息交互,来判断各能量转换装置是否均进入非运行状态。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,是指:使得电压源的相位和幅值稳定在预设水平;
所述预设水平是指:电压源输出电压的相位θ m与电网电压的相位θ Tp满足θ Tp=θ m+Δθ,并且电压源输出电压的幅值U m与电网电压的幅值U Tp满足U Tp=k*U m;其中,Δθ为所述开关器件两端电压之间的允许相位偏差,k为电压扰动系数,k的取值由所述开关器件两端电压之间的允许幅值偏差以及电压源交流侧的升压变压器的变比共同决定。
可选的,在上一多路并网发电系统中,电压源启动运行过程中,以自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,或者以同一并网支路上的升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,或者以其余任一路能量转换装置交流侧电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,包括:
其余能量转换装置在所述开关器件合闸前作为电流源启动运行;
或者,其余能量转换装置在所述开关器件合闸后作为电流源启动运行;
或者,将其余能量转换装置分为两批,一批在所述开关器件合闸前作为电流源启动运行、另一批在所述开关器件合闸后作为电流源启动运行。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述开关器件合闸后,电压源切换为电流源继续投入运行。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,包括:一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行;或者,多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行,互为备用;或者,先让一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,若这一路能量转换装置作为电压源启动运行后不能建立符合要求的交流电压,再让另外一路或多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,在电压源启动运行过程中,通过电压互感器实时采样电网电压的幅值和相位。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述电压互感器连接在所述多路并网发电系统的环网与电网之间,所述控制单元为所述环网中的一个节点,所述环网的取电方式包括:经过所述电压互感器从电网取电。
可选的,在上述公开的任一种多路并网发电系统中,所述开关器件为高压接触器或者分接开关器件。
一种多路并网发电系统的控制方法,其中,在所述多路并网发电系统中,多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制;
所述控制方法包括:
所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;
在所述开关器件分闸状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量。
从上述的技术方案可以看出,本申请让各路并网支路共用一个开关器件和 一个控制单元,降低了系统硬件成本。在系统并网发电时,所述控制单元在各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态后控制所述开关器件分闸,切断了各升压变压器与电网的连接,从而减少了各升压变压器的空载损耗。在系统离网后,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,一方面使集电线路电压的相位和幅值与电网电压的相位和幅值近似相等,一方面为系统提供电压幅值和频率支撑,这样开关器件闭合瞬间就不会产生电流冲击,系统也可以平稳地恢复到并网发电状态,保证正常供电。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术公开的一种单路并网发电系统结构示意图;
图2为现有技术公开的一种多路并网发电系统结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例公开的一种多路并网发电系统结构示意图;
图4为本申请实施例公开的又一种多路并网发电系统结构示意图;
图5为本申请实施例公开的一种多路并网发电系统的控制方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
如图3所示,本申请实施例公开了一种多路并网发电系统,其中:多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路L1,集电线路L1的一端通过一开关器件K接入电网,开关器件K例如可以是高压接触器或者 分接开关器件等,开关器件K的分合闸由一控制单元控制。所述控制单元在多路并网发电系统中至少参与如下控制逻辑(1)和(2)。
(1)系统并网状态下的控制逻辑:
当开关器件K处于合闸状态时,多路并网发电系统处于并网状态。在系统并网状态下,所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向开关器件K发出分闸指令。
具体的,每路能量转换装置都具有各自的控制系统,所述控制系统作为能量转换装置的一部分,用于监控能量转换装置主电路的运行状态并与集控室进行信息交互。在能量转换装置前级电源能量低于本能量转换装置要求的预设值时,本能量转换装置的主电路在自身控制系统的独立控制下或者在集控室的集中控制下,进入非运行状态。所述控制单元可以通过与各能量转换装置进行信息交互(实质是与各能量转换装置的控制系统进行信息交互)或者集控室进行信息交互,来判断各能量转换装置是否均进入了非运行状态。
所述控制单元在通过上述任意一种方式或者其他方式判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态后,控制开关器件K分闸,切断各升压变压器与电网的连接,从而能够减少各升压变压器的空载损耗,提高了多路并网发电系统的整体效率。
(2)系统离网状态下的控制逻辑:
所述控制单元控制开关器件K分闸后,多路并网发电系统进入离网状态。在系统离网状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时(满足启动条件是指本能量转换装置前级电源能量不低于本能量转换装置要求的预设值并且集控室不禁止本能量转换装置启动)作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得开关器件K两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向开关器件K发出合闸指令以及其他能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行(所述其他能量转换装置,是指除电压源外,前级电源能量不低于相应能量转换装置要求的预设值并且集控室不禁止其启动的能量转换装置),向电网输送能量。
具体的,根据运行模式的不同,能量转换装置可分为作为电压源的能量转 换装置和作为电流源的能量转换装置两种。所谓作为电压源的能量转换装置,就是指运行于V/F(电压/频率)模式的能量转换装置,其在微电网离网状态下(也即微电网失去了大电网提供的电压幅值和频率支撑的情况下)输出稳定不变的电压幅值和频率,为整个微电网提供电压幅值和频率支撑。所谓作为电流源的能量转换装置,就是指运行于P/Q(有功/无功功率)的能量转换装置,其在微电网有电压幅值和频率支撑的情况下,通过控制自身输出电流的大小直接控制自身输出有功和无功功率的大小。在本申请实施例中,所述多路并网发电系统即为微电网,微电网通过开关器件K连接到大电网。
在开关器件K两端电压的相位或幅值相差较大的情况下,开关器件K合闸瞬间会产生很大的冲击电流,降低相关器件寿命甚至损坏器件。因此,本申请实施例在能量转换装置前级电源能量充足的条件下,先让至少一路能量转换装置作为电压源启动运行,电压源启动运行过程中会对同一并网支路上的升压变压器进行励磁,将该升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位稳定在与电网电压的幅值和相位基本相等的水平,此后再由所述控制单元控制开关器件K合闸,开关器件K合闸瞬间不会产生冲击电流。
其中,在该升压变压器的变比固定不变的情况下,该升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位就是由电压源输出电压的幅值和相位所决定的,此时,将该升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位稳定在与电网电压的幅值和相位基本相等的水平,也即是将电压源的幅值和相位稳定在预设水平。所述预设水平是指:电压源输出电压的相位θ m与电网电压的相位θ Tp之间满足θ Tp=θ m+Δθ,并且电压源输出电压的幅值U m与电网电压的幅值U Tp之间满足U Tp=k*U m;其中,Δθ为该升压变压器的励磁电压的相位与θ Tp之间的允许相位偏差(即开关器件K两端电压之间的允许相位偏差),k为电压扰动系数,k的取值由该升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值与U Tp之间的允许幅值偏差(即开关器件K两端电压之间的允许幅值偏差)以及该升压变压器的变比共同决定。
电压源将自身输出电压稳定在θ Tp=θ m+Δθ的过程,称为锁相,锁相的同时就是锁频,要固定相位,必须频率一致。
电压源启动运行过程中,可以以自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位作为反馈 来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,也可以以同一并网支路上的升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,也可以以其余任一路能量转换装置交流侧电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位(由于所有升压变压器并联于同一集电线路L1上,电压源交流侧电压对同一并网支路上的升压变压器进行励磁后,励磁电压会对其余升压变压器进行励磁,其余任一路升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位与电压源实际输出电压的幅值和相位具有固定的对应关系,根据该对应关系可以计算得到电压源实际输出电压的幅值和相位),并不局限。
开关器件K合闸前由电压源为整个微电网建立电压幅值和频率支撑,开关器件K合闸后由外电网为微电网提供电压幅值和频率支撑,可见无论是开关器件K合闸前还是合闸后,微电网均有电压幅值和频率支撑。所以,除电压源外的其余能量转换装置可以在开关器件K合闸前作为电流源启动运行;也可以在开关器件K合闸后作为电流源启动运行;也可以分为两批,一批在开关器件K合闸前作为电流源启动运行、另一批在开关器件K合闸后作为电流源启动运行,并不局限。
可选的,所述至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,可以是一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行;也可以是多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行,互为备用;也可以是先让一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,若这一路能量转换装置作为电压源启动运行后不能建立符合要求的交流电压,再让另外一路或多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行。
可选的,在上述公开的任一实施例中,由于开关器件K合闸后,微电网也就有了大电网提供的电压幅值和频率支撑,所以电压源可以切换为电流源继续投入运行,为电网提供有功和无功功率。
可选的,在上述公开的任一实施例中,作为电压源的能量转换装置可以是事先指定的固定一路或几路能量转换装置,也可以是随机指定的一路或几路能量转换装置,也可以是在各能量转换装置参与竞争后最终竞争胜出的一路或几 路能量转换装置,并不局限。例如,哪一路能量转换装置的输入侧电压最先达到本路能量转换装置的工作电压,哪一路能量转换装置就是最先竞争胜出的能量转换装置,最先获得作为电压源的资格。
电压源启动运行过程中,必然是要实时获取电网电压的相位和幅值的。可选的,参见图4,电网电压可以通过一接在所述控制单元与电网之间的电压互感器PT进行采样。
可选的,在上述公开的任一实施例中,所述多路并网发电系统的环网(所述控制单元及各能量转换装置的控制系统均是环网中的节点)的取电方式至少有以下三种:(1)从任意一路或几路能量转换装置的输入侧取电;(2)从电网取电;(3)在从任意一路或几路能量转换装置的输入侧取电的同时,还从电网取电,互为补充。
但考虑到电源能量不足的情况下,能量转换装置输入侧电压很低,若采用上述取电方式(1),则会导致该情况下所述控制单元及各能量转换装置的控制系统全部失电,整个多路并网发电系统的通信链路全部断掉,集控室无法再对整个多路并网发电系统的运行状态进行监控,必须等到电源能量充足时才能恢复通信和监控,这是非常不理想的。所以,本申请实施例推荐采用上述取电方式(2)和上述取电方式(3)。上述取电方式(2)和上述取电方式(3)均可以实现对所述控制单元及各能量转换装置的控制系统的不间断供电。
其中,仍参见图4,上述取电方式(2)和上述取电方式(3)中从电网取电的方式可以是通过电压互感器PT从电网取电,此时电压互感器PT兼具采样和通讯功能,节省了成本。当然也可以采用其他方式例如额外引入供电变压器从电网取电,并不局限。
综上所述,本申请实施例让各路并网支路共用一个开关器件和一个控制单元,降低了系统硬件成本。在系统并网发电时,所述控制单元在各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态后控制所述开关器件分闸,切断了各升压变压器与电网的连接,从而减少了各升压变压器的空载损耗。在系统离网后,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,一方面使集电线路电压的相位和幅值与电网电压的相位和幅值近似相等,一方面为系统提供电压幅值和频率 支撑,这样开关器件闭合瞬间就不会产生电流冲击,系统也可以平稳地恢复到并网发电状态,保证正常供电。
与上述系统实施例相对应的,本申请实施例还公开了一种多路并网发电系统的控制方法。在所述多路并网发电系统中,多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制。如图5所示,所述多路并网发电系统的控制系统,包括:
步骤S01:所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;
步骤S02:至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内;
步骤S03:所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量,之后返回步骤S01。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的方法而言,由于其与实施例公开的系统相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见系统部分说明即可。
在本文中,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个”限定的要素,并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见 的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请实施例的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请实施例将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制;
    所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;
    在所述开关器件分闸状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元通过与集控室或者各能量转换装置进行信息交互,来判断各能量转换装置是否均进入非运行状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,是指:使得电压源的相位和幅值稳定在预设水平;
    所述预设水平是指:电压源输出电压的相位θ m与电网电压的相位θ Tp满足θ Tp=θ m+Δθ,并且电压源输出电压的幅值U m与电网电压的幅值U Tp满足U Tp=k*U m;其中,Δθ为所述开关器件两端电压之间的允许相位偏差,k为电压扰动系数,k的取值由所述开关器件两端电压之间的允许幅值偏差以及电压源交流侧的升压变压器的变比共同决定。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,电压源启动运行过程中,以自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,或者以同一并网支路上的升压变压器的励磁电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位,或者以其余任一路能量转换装置交流侧电压的幅值和相位作为反馈来闭环调节自身实际输出电压的幅值和相位。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述其余能 量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,包括:
    其余能量转换装置在所述开关器件合闸前作为电流源启动运行;
    或者,其余能量转换装置在所述开关器件合闸后作为电流源启动运行;
    或者,将其余能量转换装置分为两批,一批在所述开关器件合闸前作为电流源启动运行、另一批在所述开关器件合闸后作为电流源启动运行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述开关器件合闸后,电压源切换为电流源继续投入运行。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,包括:
    一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行;
    或者,多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行,互为备用;
    或者,先让一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,若这一路能量转换装置作为电压源启动运行后不能建立符合要求的交流电压,再让另外一路或多路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时均作为电压源一起启动运行。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,在电压源启动运行过程中,通过电压互感器实时采样电网电压的幅值和相位。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述电压互感器连接在所述多路并网发电系统的环网与电网之间,所述控制单元为所述环网中的一个节点,所述环网的取电方式包括:经过所述电压互感器从电网取电。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的多路并网发电系统,其特征在于,所述开关器件为高压接触器或者分接开关器件。
  11. 一种多路并网发电系统的控制方法,其特征在于,在所述多路并网发电系统中,多路能量转换装置各自通过一路升压变压器并联至同一条集电线路,所述集电线路的一端通过一开关器件接入电网,所述开关器件的分合闸由一控制单元控制;
    所述控制方法包括:
    所述控制单元在判断得到各能量转换装置均进入非运行状态时,向所述开关器件发出分闸指令;
    在所述开关器件分闸状态下,至少一路能量转换装置在满足启动条件时作为电压源启动运行,建立交流电压,使得所述开关器件两端电压相位差和幅值差均稳定在误差允许范围内,然后所述控制单元向所述开关器件发出合闸指令以及其余能量转换装置作为电流源启动运行,向电网输送能量。
PCT/CN2020/095501 2020-04-30 2020-06-11 一种多路并网发电系统及其控制方法 WO2021217794A1 (zh)

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