WO2021213299A1 - 一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞pd-l1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法 - Google Patents

一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞pd-l1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2021213299A1
WO2021213299A1 PCT/CN2021/088013 CN2021088013W WO2021213299A1 WO 2021213299 A1 WO2021213299 A1 WO 2021213299A1 CN 2021088013 W CN2021088013 W CN 2021088013W WO 2021213299 A1 WO2021213299 A1 WO 2021213299A1
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ctc
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王焕昇
李胜
李�浩
戚元刚
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山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
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    • G01N2333/70532—B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86

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  • the invention provides a kit and a detection method for detecting PD-L1 gene mutations in peripheral blood circulating tumor cells of prostate cancer patients, and belongs to the technical field of molecular biology.
  • prostate cancer ranks second among male malignancies, and cancer-specific death ranks sixth.
  • the difficulty in the treatment of prostate cancer is metastatic prostate cancer, especially castration resistance after endocrine therapy.
  • the treatment methods for metastatic prostate cancer after castration resistance are limited, and all conventional treatment methods (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, Endocrine therapy, targeted therapy) have failed.
  • the efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 immune preparations is mostly related to the immunohistochemical expression level of PD-L1 in tumor tissues, suggesting that the expression level of PD-L1 may be a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy; there are also studies It shows that the high expression of PD-L1 in prostate cancer tissue is positively correlated with tumor aggressiveness.
  • Circulating tumor cells are tumor cells that fall off from solid tumors and enter the peripheral blood circulation. Since they were discovered in 1989, there have been a variety of methods for detecting circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Recent studies have shown that its detection has important clinical significance for evaluating the prognosis of cancer patients, especially advanced cancer patients, and selecting appropriate individualized treatments. Because CTC detection has the characteristics of minimally invasive and real-time detection, it is called "liquid biopsy" of tumors.
  • the specimens for PD-L1 detection in prostate cancer patients are mainly tumor tissues, which are derived from surgery or needle biopsy, and it is difficult to achieve multiple or real-time detection. Therefore, the detection of circulating tumor cell (CTC) PD-L1 expression is of great value for the prognosis of prostate cancer patients and the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapy.
  • CTC circulating tumor cell
  • Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Pharmaceutical Research Institute and Shandong Qixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong Yuxiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan Xingen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong Discovery Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and other units have Research on the industrialization of key technologies for tumor cell detection and identification.
  • This project is a major scientific and technological innovation project in Shandong Province. This project will take the Shandong Provincial Pharmaceutical Research Institute on the Jinan Campus of Shandong First Medical University as the core and implement the registrant system.
  • the identification and diagnosis kits are industrialized and promoted through cooperation with Shandong Qixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong Yuxiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan Xingen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Shandong Discovery Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which are registered in Jinan.
  • the invention provides a kit for detecting PD-L1 gene mutations in circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer and a detection method: a membrane filter device is used to separate circulating tumor cells (CTC) from the peripheral blood of patients with advanced prostate cancer, and further use of immune cells Chemical technology detects the expression of PD-L1 on CTC.
  • CTC circulating tumor cells
  • a kit for detecting PD-L1 gene mutations in circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer including diluent 45mL, decolorizing solution 1mL, staining solution A 0.5mL, staining solution B 1mL, anti-human PD-L1 primary antibody 100 ⁇ L, enzyme-labeled Goat anti-human secondary antibody 100 ⁇ L, 0.1% Triton X-100 100 ⁇ L, 0.3% H 2 O 2 100 ⁇ L, and reagent A 1 mL.
  • the diluent is 1 mmol/L EDTA+0.1%BSA+0.3% iron sulfate+0.5% sucrose.
  • the decolorizing liquid is composed of 95% alcohol and 100% xylene in a volume ratio of 1:1.
  • the staining solution A is a DAB staining solution
  • the staining solution B is a hematoxylin staining solution.
  • the reagent A is composed of ethanol and paraformaldehyde in a volume ratio of 3:1.
  • the method for detecting PD-L1 gene mutations in circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of a prostate cancer patient by using the kit for non-diagnostic purposes is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Peripheral blood sample pretreatment Dilute the collected peripheral blood sample 10 times with diluent, add paraformaldehyde to fix the peripheral blood sample for 10 minutes after dilution, and fix the final concentration to 0.25%;
  • the specific method for detecting the expression of PD-L1 of peripheral blood CTC in step (5) is as follows:
  • the membrane filtration device used in the present invention to separate circulating tumor cells includes a filter, a blood sample container, a waste liquid tank and an iron stand.
  • the iron stand is provided with a base, a stand and a bracket.
  • the blood sample container is set on the upper part of the iron stand through the bracket.
  • Below the blood sample container is a filter, the filter is connected to the waste liquid tank through the infusion set, and the waste liquid tank is arranged on the base.
  • the filter includes a filter upper port, a filter membrane, a filter membrane platform and a filter lower port.
  • the filter membrane is placed on the filter membrane platform; the upper port of the filter is connected to the blood sample container, and the lower port of the filter is connected to the waste liquid tank through the infusion device.
  • the filter membrane is made of hydrophobic material, and the filter holes with a diameter of 8 microns are uniformly spread on it; the diameter of tumor cells is generally greater than 15 microns, and the diameter of blood cells (including red blood cells and white blood cells) is generally less than 8 microns, so when it contains CTC After the peripheral blood is filtered, blood cells can be filtered because the diameter is smaller than the filter hole 10, and the CTC is trapped on the filter membrane 7 because the diameter is larger than the filter hole 10.
  • the detection method provided by the present invention can detect the expression of PD-L1 in patients with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer without obtaining tissue specimens by puncture biopsy, and can realize real-time dynamic detection by using minimally invasive technology;
  • the method provided by the present invention has good separation of circulating tumor cells, can avoid the interference of blood cells, can avoid false positive results caused by the edge effect that may occur in the staining process, has good stability, reduces cell loss, and improves detection accuracy sex.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane filtration device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the filter of the membrane filtration device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter membrane of the membrane filtration device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an image of circulating tumor cells obtained from peripheral blood of a prostate cancer patient
  • the membrane filtration device is composed of a filter 3, a filter membrane 7, a blood sample container 2, a waste liquid tank 5, and an iron stand 1;
  • the diameter of tumor cells is generally greater than 15 microns, and the diameter of blood cells (including red blood cells and white blood cells) is generally less than 8 microns. Therefore, after the peripheral blood containing CTC is filtered, the blood cells can be filtered because the diameter is smaller than the filter hole 10, and the CTC is larger than the diameter. The filter hole 10 is trapped on the filter membrane 7.
  • FIG. 4 is an image of circulating tumor cells obtained from the peripheral blood of a prostate cancer patient.
  • the nucleus is large, the shape of the nucleus is irregular, and the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm is high.
  • Reagent A is a mixed solution of ethanol and paraformaldehyde with a volume ratio of 3:1, and after being sealed with a neutral resin, the CTC cells are intact without shrinking or swelling. Other reagents or single reagents will be Failure to achieve this effect will affect the accuracy of the test.
  • the detected circulating tumor cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry to confirm the expression of PD-L1 and compared with the results of PD-L1 in the gross specimens of prostate cancer, to observe the differences, mainly for patients with negative expression of PD-L1 in gross specimens and positive expression of circulating tumor cells , To guide the targeted therapy of prostate cancer and provide new ideas for targeted therapy of prostate cancer.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法，所述的试剂盒包括稀释液、脱色液、染色液A、染色液B、抗人PD-L1一抗、酶标羊抗人二抗、0.1％Triton X-100、0.3％H2O2、试剂A；检测方法为利用膜过滤装置分离获取外周血循环肿瘤细胞CTC，并运用免疫组化技术检测外周血CTC的PD-L1表达情况。

Description

一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法 技术领域
本发明提供了一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法，属于分子生物学技术领域。
背景技术
在世界范围内，前列腺癌发病率居男性恶性肿瘤第2位，癌症特异性死亡居第6位。2015中国肿瘤登记年报显示，2011年中国前列腺癌发病率居恶性肿瘤第9位，城市男性前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率在男性恶性肿瘤中分别居第6位和第9位。前列腺癌治疗的难点是转移性前列腺癌，尤其是内分泌治疗后出现的去势抵抗现象，目前转移性前列腺癌去势抵抗后的治疗手段有限，并且会出现所有的常规治疗手段(放疗、化疗、内分泌治疗、靶向治疗)都失效的情况。
随着分子生物学的发展，中晚期前列腺癌的免疫治疗逐渐兴起，初步的临床试验也取得了较好的疗效，目前多项III期临床试验正在开展，以PD-1/PD-L1为免疫靶点的免疫疗法为前列腺癌治疗带来了新的曙光。研究发现，免疫抑制与免疫逃逸和肿瘤细胞PD-L1的过表达密切相关，肿瘤细胞可通过其表面的PD-L1与免疫细胞T细胞表面的PD-1结合，传导抑制性信号，使得T细胞不能识别肿瘤细胞和向肿瘤细胞发出攻击信号，导致了肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸。PD-1或PD-L1免疫制剂的疗效多与肿瘤组织中PD-L1的免疫组化表达水平有关，提示PD-L1表达水平可能是预测PD-1免疫治疗疗效的生物标志物；还有研究表明前列腺癌组织中PD-L1的高表达与肿瘤侵袭性呈正相关。
循环肿瘤细胞(Circulating tumor cell，CTC)是从实体肿瘤脱落进入外周血液循环的肿瘤细胞，自1989年被发现以来，目前已有多种方法用于外周血循环肿瘤细胞的检测。近期研究表明，其检测对于评估肿瘤患者尤其是晚期肿瘤患者的预后以及选择合适的个体化治疗具有重要的临床意义。因CTC检测具有微创、实时检测等特点，被称为肿瘤的“液态活检”。
针对目前临床实践中，前列腺癌患者PD-L1检测的标本主要为肿瘤组织，来源于手术或穿刺活检，很难做到多次或实时检测。因此，检测循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)PD-L1表达情况对前列腺癌患者预后及免疫治疗疗效评估具有重要价值。
目前，山东省第一医科大学、山东省药物研究院联合山东祺欣生物科技有限公司、 山东喻晓生物科技有限公司、济南杏恩生物科技有限公司、山东发现生物技术有限公司等单位，对于循环肿瘤细胞检测鉴定关键技术进行产业化推广的研究，本项目为山东省重大科技创新工程项目，本项目将以山东第一医科大学济南校区的山东省药物研究院为核心，落实注册人制度，依托循环肿瘤细胞检测鉴定核心诊断技术，进一步注册鉴定诊断试剂盒，以包括PD1、PD-L1、ER、PR、Her-2、GPC-3、VEGF、P53、Vimentin、TKI-EGFR、RAS、CK、ALK-D5F3、CD20、ALK/EML4、Beta-catenin、E-Cadherin、EP-CAM、HPV、IDH-1、PSA、PSMA、VEGF、GFAP、细胞角蛋白、AE1/AE3、雌激素受体、孕激素受体、BCA-225、CA 125、CEA、EMA、ERCC1、HPV、Ki-67、P53、TOP2A等作为CTCs表达的示踪剂，注册超灵敏、超快速、高覆盖、低成本、准确特异的鉴定诊断试剂盒，通过与在济南注册的山东祺欣生物科技有限公司、山东喻晓生物科技有限公司、济南杏恩生物科技有限公司、山东发现生物技术有限公司合作进行产业化推广。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的检测肿瘤晚期或复发前列腺癌患者无法实时或反复穿刺获取组织标本、进而不能评估患者PD-L1实时动态状态，及现有检测方法容易出现假阳性和假阴性的缺点，本发明提供了一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒及检测方法：利用膜过滤装置分离获得晚期前列腺癌患者外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)，进一步运用免疫组化技术检测CTC上PD-L1表达情况。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒，包括稀释液45mL、脱色液1mL、染色液A 0.5mL、染色液B 1mL、抗人PD-L1一抗100μL、酶标羊抗人二抗100μL、0.1％Triton X-100 100μL、0.3％H 2O 2 100μL、试剂A 1mL。
优选地，所述稀释液为1mmol/L EDTA+0.1％BSA+0.3％硫酸铁+0.5％蔗糖。
优选地，所述脱色液是由95％酒精与100％二甲苯按体积比1:1组成。
优选地，所述染色液A为DAB染色液；所述染色液B为苏木素染色液。
优选地，所述试剂A为乙醇和多聚甲醛按照体积比3：1组成。
本发明中，利用所述的试剂盒非诊断目的检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用膜过滤装置分离获取无法获得组织标本的晚期或复发前列腺癌患者外周血：采集无法获取组织标本的晚期或复发前列腺癌患者肘正中静脉外周血5ml；
(2)外周血样预处理：将采集的外周血样采用稀释液进行10倍稀释，稀释后加多聚甲醛固 定外周血样10分钟，固定终浓度为0.25％；
(3)利用膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置过滤外周血样，分离获得外周血CTC：将预处理的外周血样加入到膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置的血样容器中，使其依靠重力自然过滤；
(4)过滤结束后，从膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置中取下滤器，将循环肿瘤细胞染色液A液0.5ml加入到滤器中，染色3min，PBS缓冲液冲洗干净；滤液过滤完全后加入染色液B液1ml，染色2min，纯水1ml冲洗2次，取下滤膜，放置在载玻片上，干燥后在显微镜下观察，确定是否存在CTC；
(5)运用免疫组化技术检测外周血CTC的PD-L1表达情况。
优选地，步骤(5)所述检测外周血CTC的PD-L1表达的具体方法如下：
(1)脱色：将带有CTC的滤膜从载玻片上取下，置于脱色液中浸泡4-6小时，脱去CTC染色液；
(2)滴加100μl 0.1％Triton X-100，室温孵育15min，DI水洗2min×3次；
(3)滴加100μl 0.3％H 2O 2，室温孵育10min，PBS洗2min×3次；
(4)滴加100μl抗人PD-L1一抗，室温孵育2h或4℃过夜，PBS洗2min×3次；
(5)滴加100μl酶标羊抗人二抗，18～26℃温度下孵育20min，PBS洗2min×3次；
(6)滴加100μl DAB显色液，18～26℃孵育并随时在显微镜下观察显色情况，观察时间为3～10min；
(7)显色完成后，弃掉DAB显色液，流水冲洗5min，苏木素染色5min；
(8)盐酸酒精分化8秒，自来水返蓝5min；
(9)将返蓝后的CTC采用75％乙醇(1min)，95％乙醇(1min)，100％乙醇(1min)梯度乙醇脱水，然后加入1mL试剂A，摇动混合均匀后，离心沉淀，将沉淀物采用中性树脂封固；
(10)光学显微镜下镜检。
本发明所使用的膜过滤分离循环肿瘤细胞装置，包括滤器、血样容器、废液缸和铁架台，所述铁架台设有底座、立架和支架，所述血样容器通过支架设置于铁架台上部，血样容器的下方为滤器，滤器通过输液器联通至废液缸，废液缸设置于底座上。
所述滤器包括滤器上口、滤膜、载滤膜平台和滤器下口，滤膜置于载滤膜平台上；滤器上口接血样容器，滤器下口通过输液器接废液缸。
所述滤膜为疏水材料制成，其上均匀布满口径为8微米的滤孔；肿瘤细胞直径一般大于15微米，而血细胞(包括红细胞、白细胞)直径一般小于8微米，因此当含有CTC的 外周血经过滤后，血细胞因直径小于滤孔10能够被滤过，而CTC因直径大于滤孔10被截留在滤膜7上。
有益效果
(1)本发明提供的检测方法，不用穿刺活检获取组织标本即可检测到晚期或复发前列腺癌患者PD-L1表达情况，利用微创技术，能够实现实时动态检测；
(2)本发明提供的方法，循环肿瘤细胞分离好，能够避免血细胞的干扰，能够避免染色过程中可能产生的边缘效应导致的假阳性结果，稳定性好，降低细胞的损失，提高检测的准确性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的膜过滤装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明膜过滤装置的滤器的结构示意剖视图；
图3为本发明膜过滤装置的滤器滤膜的结构示意图；
图4为前列腺癌患者外周血分离获取的循环肿瘤细胞影像图；
图中：1铁架台、2血样容器、3滤器、4输液器、5废液缸、6滤器上口、7滤膜、8载滤膜平台、9滤器下口、10滤孔、11底座、12立架、13支架。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明阐述如下。
本发明实施例所使用的试剂盒具体规格如表1所示：
表1
6×PBS缓冲液 60mL
稀释液(1mmol/LEDTA+0.1％BSA+0.3％硫酸铁+0.5％蔗糖) 45mL
脱色液(95％酒精与100％二甲苯体积比1∶1) 1mL
染色液A(DAB染色液) 0.5mL
染色液B(苏木素染色液) 1mL
抗人PD-L1一抗 100μL
酶标羊抗人二抗 100μL
0.1％Triton X-100 100μL
0.3％H 2O 2 100μL
试剂A(乙醇和多聚甲醛体积比3∶1) 1mL
运用此技术方法分离获取并鉴定8例前列腺癌患者(同时检测8例正常人样本做阴性对照)外周血循环肿瘤细胞的实施例。
实施例1
一、利用膜过滤装置分离获取无法获得组织标本的晚期或复发前列腺癌患者外周血中的CTC，确定CTC是否存在：
自肘正中静脉采集空腹8-12小时的空腹血5ml，用45ml稀释液稀释外周血，然后加入3ml的4％多聚甲醛固定稀释后的血样10分钟；
在固定的间期，组装膜过滤装置：如附图1、图2、图3所示，该过滤装置由滤器3、滤膜7、血样容器2、废液缸5、铁架台1构成；
用10mlPBS润湿滤器3，然后将固定好的外周血样加入到膜过滤装置的血样容器2中，使其依靠重力自然过滤，CTC被截留在滤膜7上；
肿瘤细胞直径一般大于15微米，而血细胞(包括红细胞、白细胞)直径一般小于8微米，因此当含有CTC的外周血经过滤后，血细胞因直径小于滤孔10能够被滤过，而CTC因直径大于滤孔10被截留在滤膜7上。
过滤结束后，从过滤装置中取下滤器3，打开并移走滤器上口6，将将循环肿瘤细胞染色液A液0.5ml加入到滤器中，染色3min，PBS缓冲液冲洗干净；滤液过滤完全后加入B液，1ml，染色2min，纯水1ml,PBS缓冲液将滤器3冲洗干净，用眼科镊子取下滤膜7，细胞面朝上，放置在载玻片上；
将滤膜干燥后在显微镜下观察,确定是否存在CTC，检测结果如表2所示。
通过观察，8例健康志愿者均未查到CTC；除2例中期前列腺癌患者及1例晚期前列腺癌患者未检测到CTC外，其余5例均检测到CTC(表2)，本次检测阳性率为62.5％。值得注意的是，当稀释液中含有0.3％硫酸铁和0.5％蔗糖时，能有效分离人外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞，避免血细胞(红细胞、白细胞等)粘连到肿瘤细胞上，影响CTC显色，并对最终的检测结果产生影响。图4为前列腺癌患者外周血分离获取的循环肿瘤细胞影像图，其细胞核较大，细胞核形状不规则，高核质比。
表2实施例1CTC检测结果
Figure PCTCN2021088013-appb-000001
二、运用免疫组化技术检测CTC的PD-L1表达情况：
将载玻片上载有CTC的滤膜7从载玻片上取下，置于95％酒精与100％二甲苯按容积比1:1混匀的脱色液中浸泡4-6小时，脱去CTC染色液；滴加100μl 0.1％Triton X-100，室温孵育15min，DI水洗2min×3次；滴加100μl 0.3％H 2O 2，室温孵育10min，PBS洗2min×3次；滴加100μl抗人PD-L1一抗，室温孵育2h(或4℃过夜)，PBS洗2min×3次；滴加100μl酶标羊抗人二抗，室温(18～26℃)孵育20min，PBS洗2min×3次；滴加100μl DAB显色液，室温(18～26℃)孵育并随时在显微镜下观察显色情况(一般为3～10min，时间不能超过10min)；显色完成后，弃掉DAB显色液，流水冲洗5min，苏木素染色5min；盐酸酒精分化8秒，自来水返蓝5min；75％乙醇(1min)，95％乙醇(1min)，100％乙醇(1min)梯度乙醇脱水，然后加入A，摇动混合均匀后，离心沉淀，将沉淀物晾干，中性树脂封固；光学显微镜下镜检，细胞病理学专家阅片，根据细胞膜和细胞浆着色程度判定PD-L1表达情况。
试剂A为体积比为3:1的乙醇和多聚甲醛混合溶液，并采用中性树脂固封后，CTC细胞形态完整、不皱缩也不会发生溶胀，其它配比的试剂或单一试剂则不能达到这种效果， 影响测试的准确性。
所检测的循环肿瘤细胞应用免疫组化证实PD-L1的表达并与前列腺前列腺癌大体标本PD-L1结果对比，观察其差异，主要针对大体标本PD-L1表达阴性而循环肿瘤细胞表达阳性的患者，指导前列腺癌的靶向治疗，为前列腺癌靶向治疗提供新的思路。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞PD-L1基因突变的试剂盒，其特征在于，包括稀释液45mL、脱色液1mL、染色液A 0.5mL、染色液B 1mL、抗人PD-L1一抗100μL、酶标羊抗人二抗100μL、0.1％Triton X-100 100μL、0.3％H 2O 2 100μL、试剂A 1mL。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒，其特征在于，所述稀释液为1mmol/L EDTA+0.1％BSA+0.3％硫酸铁+0.5％蔗糖。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒，其特征在于，所述脱色液是由95％酒精与100％二甲苯按体积比1:1组成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒，其特征在于，所述染色液A为DAB染色液；所述染色液B为苏木素染色液。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒，其特征在于，所述试剂A为乙醇和多聚甲醛按照体积比3：1组成。
  6. 一种利用权利要求1-5任一项所述的试剂盒非诊断目的检测前列腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞基因突变的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)利用膜过滤装置分离获取无法获得组织标本的晚期或复发前列腺癌患者外周血：采集无法获取组织标本的晚期或复发前列腺癌患者肘正中静脉外周血5ml；
    (2)外周血样预处理：将采集的外周血样采用稀释液进行10倍稀释，稀释后加多聚甲醛固定外周血样10分钟，固定终浓度为0.25％；
    (3)利用膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置过滤外周血样，分离获得外周血CTC：将预处理的外周血样加入到膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置的血样容器中，使其依靠重力自然过滤；
    (4)过滤结束后，从膜过滤分离肿瘤细胞装置中取下滤器，将循环肿瘤细胞染色液A液0.5ml加入到滤器中，染色3min，PBS缓冲液冲洗干净；滤液过滤完全后加入染色液B液1ml，染色2min，纯水1ml冲洗2次，取下滤膜，放置在载玻片上，干燥后在显微镜下观察，确定是否存在CTC；
    (5)运用免疫组化技术检测外周血CTC的PD-L1表达情况。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的检测方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)所述检测外周血CTC的PD-L1表达的具体方法如下：
    (1)脱色：将带有CTC的滤膜从载玻片上取下，置于脱色液中浸泡4-6小时，脱去CTC染色液；
    (2)滴加100μl 0.1％Triton X-100，室温孵育15min，DI水洗2min×3次；
    (3)滴加100μl 0.3％H 2O 2，室温孵育10min，PBS洗2min×3次；
    (4)滴加100μl抗人PD-L1一抗，室温孵育2h或4℃过夜，PBS洗2min×3次；
    (5)滴加100μl酶标羊抗人二抗，18～26℃温度下孵育20min，PBS洗2min×3次；
    (6)滴加100μl DAB显色液，18～26℃孵育并随时在显微镜下观察显色情况，观察时间为3～10min；
    (7)显色完成后，弃掉DAB显色液，流水冲洗5min，苏木素染色5min；
    (8)盐酸酒精分化8秒，自来水返蓝5min；
    (9)将返蓝后的CTC采用75％乙醇(1min)，95％乙醇(1min)，100％乙醇(1min)梯度乙醇脱水，然后加入1mL试剂A，摇动混合均匀后，离心沉淀，将沉淀物采用中性树脂封固；
    (10)光学显微镜下镜检。
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