WO2021208618A1 - 一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021208618A1
WO2021208618A1 PCT/CN2021/078675 CN2021078675W WO2021208618A1 WO 2021208618 A1 WO2021208618 A1 WO 2021208618A1 CN 2021078675 W CN2021078675 W CN 2021078675W WO 2021208618 A1 WO2021208618 A1 WO 2021208618A1
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pollen
dry ice
chamber
gramineous crops
storage chamber
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PCT/CN2021/078675
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张从合
吴跃进
王慧
蒋家月
冯冲
张道林
严志
方玉
周桂香
申广勒
张云虎
陈琳
李方宝
庞战士
王林
刘兴江
汪和廷
杨韦
杨力
黄艳玲
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安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021208618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208618A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of pollen collection, and specifically relates to a device and a method for maintaining high vigor of in vitro pollen of gramineous crops.
  • the first hybrid will show very strong fecundity, viability, stress resistance and adaptability, and it will also have more advantages than the parents in terms of yield and quality; pollen has sex in plants Plays an important role in reproduction.
  • the male parent genetic information transmitted after pollen germination is the key to seed formation; the collection and storage of pollen and pollen vigor are the basis for breeding and production, and are also important in the breeding of male sterile lines and hybrid seed production.
  • pollen collection is mainly divided into manual and mechanical methods.
  • the manual method of collecting pollen is not only labor-intensive, low-efficiency, uneven pollen, and human operations may reduce pollen vigor quickly, thereby reducing seed production; while currently mechanical harvesting
  • the vigor of the pollen will usually be significantly reduced, which seriously affects the ability of pollen to be fertilized and set.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device with a simple structure and a reasonable design to maintain the high vigor of the isolated pollen of gramineous crops in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • a device for maintaining high vigor of isolated pollen of gramineous crops comprising a pollen collection chamber, a glass microbead storage chamber, a desiccant storage chamber and a suction fan arranged at the upper end of the pollen collection chamber, and a suction fan is connected to the lower end of the pollen collection chamber.
  • the powder dispenser is connected with a dry ice quantitative sprayer.
  • the powder sucker includes a shell, a pollen conveying pipe connected to the upper end of the shell, a second filter screen arranged on the inner wall of the shell, a connecting plate connected to one end of the shell, and a movable connection A rotating rod on the connecting plate and a powder-driving operating rod connected to the lower end of the rotating rod.
  • the dry ice metering applicator includes a dry ice storage box, an electric push rod connected to one end of the dry ice storage box, a piston connected to the output end of the electric push rod, and a dry ice storage box connected to the other end.
  • the dry ice spraying pipe is connected to the pollen conveying pipe, and the dry ice spraying pipe is provided with a third solenoid valve, and the upper end of the pollen conveying pipe is detachably connected to the pollen collecting chamber.
  • a plurality of pollen boxes are arranged in the pollen collection room, and a conveying pipe is arranged in the pollen collecting room, and the glass bead storage room and the desiccant storage room are both connected with the conveying pipe.
  • a first solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the glass microbead storage chamber and the conveying pipe, and a second solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the desiccant storage chamber and the conveying pipe.
  • the tube is connected with a plurality of pollen boxes.
  • a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the pollen collection chamber, and a first filter screen is provided on the inner wall of the pollen collection chamber near the suction fan, and the first filter screen is Melt-blown non-woven fabric or microfiber filter, the mesh aperture is less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the upper end of the rotating rod is connected with a limit block, and the rotating rod is connected with a grip rod, the second filter screen is a plastic mesh or a non-woven fabric mesh, and the mesh aperture is 60-300 ⁇ m.
  • the dry ice storage box is provided with dry ice particles, the particle size of the dry ice particles is less than 2 mm, the glass bead storage chamber is provided with glass beads, and the desiccant storage chamber is provided with a desiccant ,
  • the desiccant is silica gel.
  • the distance between the powder ejecting operating rod and the lower end entrance of the casing is 20-30 cm.
  • a method for using the above device to maintain high vigor of in vitro pollen of gramineous crops includes the following steps:
  • Step S1. Collect pollen efficiently through the device
  • Step S2 According to the field temperature and the air flow rate of the pollen collected by the device, the dry ice metering applicator controls the amount and speed of the dry ice spraying, so that the crushed dry ice stored in the dry ice metering applicator is mixed with the air containing the pollen and crushed Dry ice is mixed with air containing pollen and then enters the pollen collection room. After entering the pollen collection room, the dry ice sublimates and has the effect of cooling down and replenishing CO 2 ;
  • Step S3 The temperature and humidity in the pollen collection box are sensed by the temperature and humidity sensor to ensure that the temperature in the pollen collection box is always maintained at 7°C-15°C.
  • the dry ice quantitative sprayer is used to adjust .
  • the present invention can quantitatively mix crushed dry ice with pollen-containing air when collecting pollen to achieve the effect of rapid sublimation and cooling, so that the temperature of the pollen collection room is always controlled at 7-15°C, cooling is rapid and uniform, and the pollen is extended
  • the collection time keeps the high vigor of the collected pollen; at the same time, CO 2 inhibits the respiration of the pollen, reduces the consumption of nutrients in the pollen storage, helps to maintain the vigor of the pollen, greatly improves the quality of pollen collection and ultimately increases the rate of pollen setting ;
  • the present invention has simple structure, high stability, reasonable design and easy realization.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a matching view of the powder suction device of the present invention and the dry ice quantitative sprayer
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction fan of the present invention.
  • a device for maintaining high vigor of in vitro pollen of gramineous crops includes a pollen collection chamber 1 and a glass bead storage chamber 2, a desiccant storage chamber 3 and a suction chamber located at the upper end of the pollen collection chamber 1.
  • Fan 4 a powder suction device 7 is connected to the lower end of the pollen collection chamber 1, and a dry ice quantitative sprayer 6 is connected to the powder suction device 7;
  • the powder sucker 7 includes a housing 701, a pollen conveying pipe 703 connected to the upper end of the housing 701, a second filter 702 arranged on the inner wall of the housing 701, a connecting plate 704 connected to one end of the housing 701, and a connection plate 704 movably connected to the upper end of the housing 701.
  • the rotating rod 706 on the plate 704 and the powder ejecting lever 707 connected to the lower end of the rotating rod 706;
  • the dry ice metering applicator 6 includes a dry ice storage box 603, an electric push rod 601 connected to one end of the dry ice storage box 603, a piston 602 connected to the output end of the electric push rod 601, and a dry ice spray pipe connected to the other end of the dry ice storage box 603 604, the dry ice spraying pipe 604 is connected to the pollen conveying pipe 703, and the dry ice spraying pipe 604 is provided with a third solenoid valve 605, and the upper end of the pollen conveying pipe 703 is detachably connected to the pollen collection chamber 1; the dry ice storage box There are dry ice particles in the 603. The particle size of the dry ice particles is less than 2mm.
  • the dry ice quantitative sprayer 6 can push the piston 602 through the electric push rod 601 to transport the dry ice according to the field temperature and the air intake flow of pollen collection.
  • the pushing speed and the third solenoid valve 605 are used to control the dry ice spraying speed.
  • the temperature is 7°C-15°C, through rapid sublimation and massive heat absorption to reduce the temperature and water content of the pollen in vitro, and maintain the high vitality of the pollen; at the same time, the mixed CO 2 can inhibit the respiration of the pollen and reduce the pollen. Consumption of stored nutrients is also conducive to maintaining the vitality of pollen;
  • the pollen boxes 101 are used to store the collected pollen, and the pollen collection room 1 is equipped with a conveying pipe 103.
  • the glass bead storage room 2 and the desiccant storage room 3 are both transported
  • the pipe 103 is connected, and the conveying pipe 103 can convey the objects stored in the glass bead storage chamber 2 and the desiccant storage chamber 3 to each pollen box 101;
  • the connection between the glass bead storage chamber 2 and the delivery pipe 103 is provided with a first solenoid valve 201
  • the connection between the desiccant storage chamber 3 and the delivery pipe 103 is provided with a second solenoid valve 301
  • the delivery pipe 103 and several pollen boxes 101 Both are connected
  • the glass bead storage chamber 2 is provided with glass beads
  • the desiccant storage chamber is provided with a desiccant.
  • the desiccant is silica gel.
  • the first solenoid valve 201 can be adjusted to each pollen box 101 according to the amount of pollen collected. Spray glass beads to prevent the collected pollen from clumping and maintain the high vigor of the pollen.
  • the second solenoid valve 301 can be adjusted according to the collected pollen amount to spray the desiccant quantitatively into each pollen box 101 to make the pollen collection chamber 1
  • the humidity is always maintained at 10%-20% to maintain the high vigor of the pollen;
  • a temperature and humidity sensor 5 is provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the pollen collection room 1, which can monitor the temperature and humidity in the pollen collection room 1 at any time;
  • a first filter 102 is provided on the inner wall of the pollen collection chamber 1 near the suction fan 4, the first filter 102 is a meltblown non-woven fabric or a microfiber filter, and the mesh aperture is less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably honeycomb or folded Shape, can prevent the loss of pollen;
  • the second filter mesh 702 is a plastic mesh or a non-woven mesh, and the aperture of the mesh is 60-300 ⁇ m to remove impurities such as anthers, insects, and broken leaves;
  • the upper end of the rotating rod 706 is connected with a limit block, and the rotating rod 706 is connected with a grip bar 705; the distance between the powder ejecting lever 707 and the lower end of the housing 701 is 20-30cm, and the powder ejecting operation can be driven by the grip bar 705
  • the rod 707 shakes the pollen from the head of the ear, and concentrates it on the upper part of the ear, so that the powder suction device 7 can absorb a large amount of powder in a concentrated manner, which significantly improves the efficiency of collecting pollen;
  • the method of applying the above device to maintain high vigor of in vitro pollen of gramineous crops includes the following steps:
  • Step S Collect pollen efficiently through the above device
  • Step S2 According to the field temperature and the air flow rate of the pollen collected by the device, the dry ice metering applicator 6 controls the amount and speed of dry ice spraying, so that the crushed dry ice stored in the dry ice metering applicator 6 is mixed with the air containing pollen , The crushed dry ice is mixed with pollen-containing air and then enters the pollen collection room 1. The dry ice enters the pollen collection room 1 and then sublimates and has the effect of cooling down and replenishing CO 2 ;
  • Step S3 The temperature and humidity in the pollen collection box 1 are sensed by the temperature and humidity sensor 5 to ensure that the temperature in the pollen collection box 1 is always maintained at 7°C-15°C.
  • dry ice quantitative spraying The applicator 6 is adjusted, and the cooling effect of the dry ice quantitative applicator 6 is rapid and uniform, which prolongs the pollen collection time, maintains the high vitality of the collected pollen, and inhibits the respiration of the pollen through CO 2 to reduce the nutrients stored in the pollen Consumption is conducive to maintaining the vitality of pollen, greatly improving the quality of pollen collection and ultimately increasing the rate of pollen setting.
  • the pollen collected by the device and method in this embodiment was compared with fresh pollen from the body.
  • the following experiments were done and compared based on actual data. Take rice seeds as an example; the male parent is YR0822 and the female parent is 1892S;
  • the male parent YR0822 used the above-mentioned device and method to collect pollen during its full bloom, and used conventional methods to collect fresh pollen for comparison.
  • the pollen collected in the second step was taken out of the pollen collection room 1, and three experiments were performed to verify the viability of the pollen. The first is to take out the pollen directly to determine the viability of the pollen; the second is that the collected pollen is awarded to the sterile line 1892S that has been cut in advance, and then put in a kraft paper bag, and the pollen setting rate is counted 30 days later; the third is the collected pollen to grant Example 2 On the plots A, B and C of the female parent 1892S field, the yield will be determined after harvest.
  • the viability of pollen was measured by the tetrazolium staining method.
  • the pollen collected in Example 1 was used as the experimental group, and fresh pollen was used as the control group.
  • Dyed red is viable pollen, colorless or light red is non-viable or weak pollen.
  • the pollen collected in the present invention was given to the sterile line 1892S which had been cut in advance, and then put in a kraft paper bag, repeated 10 times, and the pollen setting rate was counted 30 days later, and at the same time, fresh pollen was used as a control.
  • the results show (Table 2): the seed setting rate of pollen collected in Example 1 is 63.9%, and the control, ie, the fresh pollen seed setting rate, is 68.0%, and there is no significant difference in the seed setting rate.
  • the yield of field B increased by 5.5% compared with field A
  • the yield of field C increased by about 9.3% compared with that of field A
  • the yield of field C was higher than that of field A.
  • the output of field B increased by about 6.8%.
  • the above data shows that the device and method of the present invention can maintain the high vigor of the collected pollen for a long time, greatly improve the pollen collection efficiency and ultimately increase the pollen setting rate, and increase the seed production yield.

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Abstract

提供了一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置及方法，该装置包括花粉采集室以及设于花粉采集室上端的玻璃微珠存储室、干燥剂存储室和吸风机，该花粉采集室的下端连接有吸粉器，该吸粉器上连接有干冰定量喷施器。该装置可以在收集花粉的时候将粉碎的干冰与含有花粉的空气定量混合，达到迅速升华降温的效果，使花粉采集室温度始终控制在7-15℃，制冷迅速且均匀，延长了花粉的采集时间，保持了所采集花粉的高活力；同时通过CO 2抑制花粉的呼吸作用，减少花粉储藏的营养物质消耗，有利于保持花粉的活力，并最终提高花粉结实率。

Description

一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于花粉采集技术领域，具体涉及一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置及方法。
背景技术
两种遗传性能不同的品种经过杂交，杂交一代会表现出非常强的繁殖力、生活力、抗逆性及适应性，在产量及品质等方面也要比双亲更具优势；花粉在植物有性繁殖中起着重要作用，花粉萌发后传递的父本遗传信息是种子形成的关键；花粉的采集贮藏以及花粉活力是繁种生产的基础，也是雄性不育系育种及杂交制种工作中的重要环节；在进行作物杂交制种之前，需要采集大量的父本材料花粉，以便杂交；为满足不同作物不育系中大面积母本授粉的集中需要，需提前对父本花粉进行采集；如何采集花粉并保持其活力，是杂交制种工作的关键。
目前采集花粉主要分为人力和机械完成，人力采粉方法不但劳动强度大、效率低，采粉不均匀，且人为操作可能会使花粉活力降低较快，进而降低制种产量；而目前机械采粉过程中由于采集时的温度降低难、采集时间长等条件控制不当，通常也会明显降低花粉活力，严重影响花粉受精结实能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种结构简单，设计合理的保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，包括花粉采集室以及设于花粉采集室上端的玻璃微珠存储室、干燥剂存储室和吸风机，所述花粉采集室的下端连接有吸粉器，所述吸粉器上连接有干冰定量喷施器。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述吸粉器包括壳体、连接在壳体上端的花粉输送管、设于壳体内壁上的第二过滤网、连接在壳体一端的连接板、活动连接在连接板上的旋转杆以及连接在旋转杆下端的赶粉操作杆。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述干冰定量喷施器包括干冰存储箱、连接在干冰存储箱一端的电动推杆、连接在电动推杆输出端上的活塞与连接在干冰存储箱另一端的干冰喷洒管，所述干冰喷洒管连接在花粉输送管上，且干冰喷洒管上设有第三电磁阀，所述花粉输送管的上端与花粉采集室之间为可拆卸式连接。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述花粉采集室内设有若干个花粉盒，且花粉采集室内设有输送管，所述玻璃微珠存储室和干燥剂存储室均与输送管连接。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述玻璃微珠存储室与输送管的连接处设有第一电磁阀，所述干燥剂存储室与输送管的连接处设有第二电磁阀，所述输送管与若干个花粉盒均连通。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述花粉采集室的上端内壁上设有温湿度传感器，所述花粉采集室的内壁上靠近吸风机的位置设有第一过滤网，所述第一过滤网为熔喷无纺布或微纤维滤网，网口孔径小于10μm。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述旋转杆的上端连接有限位块，且旋转杆上连接有握杆，所述第二过滤网为塑料网或无纺布网，网口孔径为60-300 μm。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述干冰存储箱中设有干冰微粒，干冰微粒的粒径小于2mm，玻璃微珠存储室中设有玻璃微珠，所述干燥剂储存室中设有干燥剂，干燥剂为硅胶。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述赶粉操作杆与壳体下端入口之间的距离为20-30cm。
一种应用上述装置来保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1.通过装置高效收集花粉；
步骤S2.根据田间温度和装置采集花粉的进气流量大小，干冰定量喷施器控制干冰喷施量以及喷施速度，使得干冰定量喷施器内存储的粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合，粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合后进入花粉采集室内，干冰进入花粉采集室内后升华并起到降温和补充CO 2的效果；
步骤S3.通过温湿度传感器感应花粉采集盒内的温湿度，确保花粉采集盒内的温度始终保持在7℃-15℃，当花粉采集盒内温度值出现异常则通过干冰定量喷施器进行调节。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1)本发明可以在收集花粉的时候将粉碎的干冰与含有花粉的空气定量混合，达到迅速升华降温的效果，使花粉采集室温度始终控制在7-15℃，制冷迅速且均匀，延长了花粉的采集时间，保持了所采集花粉的高活力；同时通过CO 2抑制花粉的呼吸作用，减少花粉储藏的营养物质消耗，有利于保持花粉的活力，大大提高了花粉采集质量并最终提高花粉结实率；
2)本发明结构简单，稳定性高，设计合理，便于实现。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明吸粉器与干冰定量喷施器的相配合视图；
图3是本发明吸风机的结构示意图。
图中：1、花粉采集室；101、花粉盒；102、第一过滤网；103、输送管；2、玻璃微珠存储室；201、第一电磁阀；3、干燥剂存储室；301、第二电磁阀；4、吸风机；5、温湿度传感器；6、干冰定量喷施器；601、电动推杆；602、活塞；603、干冰存储箱；604、干冰喷洒管；605、第三电磁阀；7、吸粉器；701、壳体；702、第二过滤网；703、花粉输送管；704、连接板；705、握杆；706、旋转杆；707、赶粉操作杆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
如图1-3所示，一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，包括花粉采集室1以及设于花粉采集室1上端的玻璃微珠存储室2、干燥剂存储室3和吸风机4，花粉采集室1的下端连接有吸粉器7，吸粉器7上连接有干冰定量喷施器6；
吸粉器7包括壳体701、连接在壳体701上端的花粉输送管703、设于壳 体701内壁上的第二过滤网702、连接在壳体701一端的连接板704、活动连接在连接板704上的旋转杆706以及连接在旋转杆706下端的赶粉操作杆707；
干冰定量喷施器6包括干冰存储箱603、连接在干冰存储箱603一端的电动推杆601、连接在电动推杆601输出端上的活塞602与连接在干冰存储箱603另一端的干冰喷洒管604，干冰喷洒管604连接在花粉输送管703上，且干冰喷洒管604上设有第三电磁阀605，花粉输送管703的上端与花粉采集室1之间为可拆卸式连接；干冰存储箱603中设有干冰微粒，干冰微粒的粒径小于2mm，干冰定量喷施器6可根据田间温度和采集花粉的进气流量大小，通过电动推杆601推动活塞602输送干冰，输送干冰时可以通过推动速度以及第三电磁阀605来调控干冰喷施速度，田间温度越低，干冰喷施速度变慢；田间温度越高，干冰喷施速度加快，以使采集室内定量混合气态CO 2并始终保持温度在7℃-15℃，通过迅速升华、大量吸热降温以降低离体花粉的温度和含水量，保持花粉的高活力；同时由于所混合的CO 2，可抑制花粉的呼吸作用，减少花粉储藏的营养物质消耗，也有利于保持花粉的活力；
花粉采集室1内设有若干个花粉盒101，花粉盒101用于储存收集的花粉，且花粉采集室1内设有输送管103，玻璃微珠存储室2和干燥剂存储室3均与输送管103连接，输送管103可以将玻璃微珠存储室2和干燥剂存储室3内存放的物体输送至各个花粉盒101中；
玻璃微珠存储室2与输送管103的连接处设有第一电磁阀201，干燥剂存储室3与输送管103的连接处设有第二电磁阀301，输送管103与若干个花粉盒101均连通，玻璃微珠存储室2中设有玻璃微珠，干燥剂储存室中设有干燥剂，干燥剂为硅胶，可根据采集的花粉量调控第一电磁阀201向各花粉盒101中定量喷洒玻璃微珠，以防止采集的花粉结团，保持花粉的高活力，同时 可根据采集的花粉量调控第二电磁阀301向各花粉盒101中定量喷洒干燥剂，以使花粉采集室1内湿度始终保持在10％-20％，保持花粉的高活力；
花粉采集室1的上端内壁上设有温湿度传感器5，可随时监控花粉采集室1内的温度与湿度；
花粉采集室1的内壁上靠近吸风机4的位置设有第一过滤网102，第一过滤网102为熔喷无纺布或微纤维滤网，网口孔径小于10μm，优选采用蜂窝状或折叠状，可以阻挡花粉的散失；
第二过滤网702为塑料网或无纺布网，网口孔径为60-300μm，以将花药、昆虫、碎叶片等杂质去除；
旋转杆706的上端连接有限位块，且旋转杆706上连接有握杆705；赶粉操作杆707与壳体701下端入口之间的距离为20-30cm，可通过握杆705带动赶粉操作杆707将花粉从穗头上抖落，并集中分散在穗头上方，使得吸粉器7可集中大量地吸粉，显著提高了采集花粉的效率；
在通过本装置进行花粉采集的过程中，先控制吸风机4开始工作并产生风流，风流从吸粉器7处进行吸粉，同时采用吸粉器7上的赶粉操作杆707将花粉从穗头上抖落，并集中分散在穗头上方，使得吸粉器7可集中大量地吸粉，花粉输送至花粉采集室1中时通过干冰定量喷施器6向花粉输送管703内输送干冰，使得花粉与干冰混合物进入花粉采集室1内。
应用上述装置来保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1.通过上述装置高效收集花粉；
步骤S2.根据田间温度和装置采集花粉的进气流量大小，干冰定量喷施器6控制干冰喷施量以及喷施速度，使得干冰定量喷施器6内存储的粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合，粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合后进入花粉采集室1 内，干冰进入花粉采集室1内后升华并起到降温和补充CO 2的效果；
步骤S3.通过温湿度传感器5感应花粉采集盒1内的温湿度，确保花粉采集盒1内的温度始终保持在7℃-15℃，当花粉采集盒1内温度值出现异常则通过干冰定量喷施器6进行调节，干冰定量喷施器6的制冷效果迅速且均匀，延长了花粉的采集时间，保持了所采集花粉的高活力同时通过CO 2抑制花粉的呼吸作用，减少花粉储藏的营养物质消耗，有利于保持花粉的活力，大大提高了花粉采集质量并最终提高花粉结实率。
实施例2
为了验证本实施例中装置及方法采集的花粉的活性，将其与刚离体的新鲜花粉作对比，做了下列的实验并根据实际数据进行对比，本实施例中装置及方法采集的花粉以水稻种子为例；父本为YR0822，母本为1892S；
一、材料种植
2019年5月于安徽省的合肥试验基地进行父本与母本种植；其中，母本1892S分3个田块(田块A、田块B、田块C规格均一致，面积均为2000平方米)集中种植，使母本1892S始穗花期集中在约8月17日；其中，田块A与田块B为父母本同田种植(父本1行：母本12行)；另田块A为对照田块，按常规杂交制种方法，利用人工赶粉进行制种；田块B在始穗前为与田块A保持不育系同样的生长条件，提前割除父本，采用本发明采集的花粉进行授粉；田块C全田种植母本，采用本发明采集的花粉进行授粉；另父本YR0822提前于母本1892S二十天集中田块规模种植。
二、收集花粉
父本YR0822盛花期通过上述装置及方法来收集花粉，利用常规的方法采集新鲜花粉用以对比。
三、花粉活力的测定与验证
将第二步中采集的花粉从花粉采集室1内取出，进行三项实验以验证花粉生活力。一是取出花粉后直接用于花粉生活力的测定；二是采集的花粉授予提前剪颖的不育系1892S后套上牛皮纸袋，30天后统计花粉结实率；三是采集的花粉授予实施例2的母本1892S田的田块A、田块B和田块C上，待收获后测定产量。
1、花粉活力的测定
利用四唑染色法进行花粉进行生活力测定，实施例1中采集的花粉为实验组，以新鲜花粉作为对照组。
①、镊尖挑取少量花粉置于载玻片上，进行10次重复；
②、滴上1-2滴0.5％浓度四唑液(0.5g四唑溶于100mlPH7.0的磷酸缓冲液)，盖上盖玻片；
③、35℃下染色，显微镜观察；
染成红色的为有生活力花粉，无色或淡红色为无生活力或生活力弱的花粉。
表1实施例1中收集的花粉与对照花粉生活力测定结果
Figure PCTCN2021078675-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021078675-appb-000002
花粉生活力测定结果(表1)：实施例1中采集的花粉生活力平均为89.9％，对照即新鲜花粉生活力平均为91.7％，花粉生活力无显著差异。
2、花粉结实率的测定
本发明采集的花粉授予提前剪颖的不育系1892S后套上牛皮纸袋，10次重复，于30天后统计花粉结实率，同时，用新鲜花粉作为对照。结果显示(表2)：利用实施例1中采集的花粉授粉结实率为63.9％，对照即新鲜花粉结实率为68.0％，结实率无显著差异。
表2实施例1中收集花粉与对照花粉结实率结果
Figure PCTCN2021078675-appb-000003
3、大田实收产量的测定
对应上述田块水稻成熟期间分别收获杂交种，经过收获、晾晒、测产等，田块B较田块A产量增加5.5％，田块C较田块A产量增加9.3％左右，田块C较田块B产量增加6.8％左右。
以上数据表明，本发明的装置及方法可以在较长的时间内保持所采集花粉的高活力，大大提高了花粉采集效率并最终提高花粉结实率，增大制种产量。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，包括花粉采集室(1)以及设于花粉采集室(1)上端的玻璃微珠存储室(2)、干燥剂存储室(3)和吸风机(4)，所述花粉采集室(1)的下端连接有吸粉器(7)，其中：所述吸粉器(7)上连接有干冰定量喷施器(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述吸粉器(7)包括壳体(701)、连接在壳体(701)上端的花粉输送管(703)、设于壳体(701)内壁上的第二过滤网(702)、连接在壳体(701)一端的连接板(704)、活动连接在连接板(704)上的旋转杆(706)以及连接在旋转杆(706)下端的赶粉操作杆(707)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述干冰定量喷施器(6)包括干冰存储箱(603)、连接在干冰存储箱(603)一端的电动推杆(601)、连接在电动推杆(601)输出端上的活塞(602)与连接在干冰存储箱(603)另一端的干冰喷洒管(604)，所述干冰喷洒管(604)连接在花粉输送管(703)上，且干冰喷洒管(604)上设有第三电磁阀(605)，所述花粉输送管(703)的上端与花粉采集室(1)之间为可拆卸式连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述花粉采集室(1)内设有若干个花粉盒(101)，且花粉采集室(1)内设有输送管(103)，所述玻璃微珠存储室(2)和干燥剂存储室(3)均与输送管(103)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述玻璃微珠存储室(2)与输送管(103)的连接处设有第一电磁阀 (201)，所述干燥剂存储室(3)与输送管(103)的连接处设有第二电磁阀(301)，所述输送管(103)与若干个花粉盒(101)均连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述花粉采集室(1)的上端内壁上设有温湿度传感器(5)，所述花粉采集室(1)的内壁上靠近吸风机(4)的位置设有第一过滤网(102)，所述第一过滤网(102)为熔喷无纺布或微纤维滤网，网口孔径小于10μm。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述旋转杆(706)的上端连接有限位块，且旋转杆(706)上连接有握杆(705)，所述第二过滤网(702)为塑料网或无纺布网，网口孔径为60-300μm。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述干冰存储箱(603)中设有干冰微粒，干冰微粒的粒径小于2mm，玻璃微珠存储室(2)中设有玻璃微珠，所述干燥剂储存室中设有干燥剂，干燥剂为硅胶。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的装置，其中：所述赶粉操作杆(707)与壳体(701)下端入口之间的距离为20-30cm。
  10. 一种应用权利要求1-9任一所述装置保持禾本科作物离体花粉高活力的方法，其包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1.通过装置高效收集花粉；
    步骤S2.根据田间温度和装置采集花粉的进气流量大小，干冰定量喷施器(6)控制干冰喷施量以及喷施速度，使得干冰定量喷施器(6)内存储的粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合，粉碎干冰与含有花粉的空气混合后进入花粉采集室(1)内，干冰进入花粉采集室(1)内后升华并起到降温和补充CO 2 的效果；
    步骤S3.通过温湿度传感器(5)感应花粉采集盒(1)内的温湿度，确保花粉采集盒(1)内的温度始终保持在7℃-15℃，当花粉采集盒(1)内温度值出现异常则通过干冰定量喷施器(6)进行调节。
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