WO2021208454A1 - 一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法 - Google Patents

一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法 Download PDF

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WO2021208454A1
WO2021208454A1 PCT/CN2020/133480 CN2020133480W WO2021208454A1 WO 2021208454 A1 WO2021208454 A1 WO 2021208454A1 CN 2020133480 W CN2020133480 W CN 2020133480W WO 2021208454 A1 WO2021208454 A1 WO 2021208454A1
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smoldering
furnace
furnace body
temperature
organic waste
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PCT/CN2020/133480
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English (en)
French (fr)
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乔瑜
冯超
成明凯
高翔鹏
徐明厚
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华中科技大学
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/28—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having raking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/446—Waste feed arrangements for liquid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field related to urban waste disposal, and more specifically, relates to a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device and a reaction method for organic waste liquid.
  • Organic waste slurry includes sludge, kitchen waste, biogas residue, oil residue, etc. Among them, sludge and kitchen waste account for a huge proportion of urban waste in China.
  • Organic waste slurry is often rich in high moisture and organic matter at the same time, making it very easy to decay and deteriorate, breeding bacteria, mosquitoes, pathogens, etc. Improper disposal can threaten urban water sources, pollute the air, and threaten human health.
  • the disposal of organic waste by incineration has the advantages of fast disposal rate, large volume reduction rate, and thorough harmlessness.
  • the smoldering process is a flameless low-temperature combustion reaction process.
  • Self-sustaining smoldering is a process in which the smoldering treatment process can achieve self-sustaining development without external heating when the heat generated by the combustion reaction is greater than the sum of the loss in the combustion propagation process and the heat required for the reaction.
  • the self-sustaining smouldering technology provides a new method for the incineration and disposal of organic waste slurry, which can be burned without drying and without adding high-calorific value fuel.
  • the previous sludge low-temperature smoldering pyrolysis device CN110395866A and the automatic control and monitoring of the sludge low-temperature smoldering pyrolysis device CN110395865A did not involve the use of porous media materials for the disposal of sludge.
  • the disposal was achieved by electric heating and forced ventilation;
  • the solid waste self-maintaining smoldering treatment device CN207555608U can realize single batch disposal of the filled materials. After each smoldering, it is necessary to wait for the temperature to be reloaded and re-ignite after the end of the smoldering.
  • the rate of smoldering disposal depends to a certain extent.
  • the present invention provides a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device and reaction method for organic waste liquid. Real-time monitoring, continuous supply of materials, and recycling of combustion ash, so as to realize the self-sustaining and continuous reaction of organic waste liquid, which can realize batch processing of organic waste liquid, and meet the market's urgent need for efficient disposal of organic waste liquid slurry. .
  • a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste liquid which is characterized in that the reaction device includes a smoldering furnace, agitator, conveying mechanism, feeder, outlet Feeders and controllers, of which,
  • the smoldering furnace is used as the combustion chamber of the reaction device, which is simultaneously connected with the agitator, conveying mechanism, feeder, discharger and controller, and the agitator is connected to the feeder through the conveying mechanism.
  • Connection used to mix the organic liquid slurry to be processed with sand, and transport the stirred material to the smoldering furnace, and the feeder and the discharger are both connected to the smoldering furnace through the conveying mechanism
  • Furnace connection respectively used for the input and output of the material in the smoldering furnace
  • the controller is used to monitor the smoldering surface and temperature in the smoldering furnace in real time, and to control the combustion process in the smoldering furnace Take control
  • the smoldering furnace includes a furnace body, a heater, an air distributor, a baffle, a material inlet, a dust chamber, and a temperature monitor.
  • the ash accumulation chamber, the heater is arranged in the furnace body for igniting the materials to be treated, and the air distributor is arranged between the heater and the ash accumulation chamber, and is used to provide The air and pressure required in the combustion process, the feed port is connected with the feeder, and is used for conveying materials into the furnace body, and the ash accumulation chamber is connected with the discharger for the The burned smoldering ash is output and enters the agitator, so as to realize the recycling use of the material sand;
  • the temperature monitor is arranged above the heater, and is used to measure the position and temperature of the smoldering peak surface of the material in the furnace body in real time, and feedback the measurement result to the controller.
  • the controller controls the feeder to convey the material into the furnace body, so as to realize the continuous supply of the material; when the smoldering peak surface temperature is lower than the preset material
  • the controller controls the heating of the heater to ensure the uninterrupted combustion process in the furnace body, thereby ensuring the continuous self-sustainment of the combustion process in the smoldering furnace.
  • the heater is composed of a heating tube which spirals in an equidistant spiral shape, and its head and tail ends are connected with electricity to uniformly heat the material to be processed in the furnace body.
  • the air distributor includes an outer radiating ring, an inner radiating ring and a radiating rod.
  • the outer radiating ring, the inner radiating ring and the radiating rod are all hollow tubes, and a plurality of small holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the hollow tube.
  • the outer radiating ring and the inner radiating ring are concentric circles, and the radiating rods are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer radiating ring, and point from the center of the outer radiating ring to the outer radiating ring.
  • the air pipe is connected. When air is introduced into the air inlet pipe, the air is uniformly released from the outer radiating ring, the inner radiating ring and the radiating rod, so that the air entering the furnace body is uniformly released.
  • a baffle is also provided between the air distributor and the ash accumulation chamber to control the downward movement rate of the materials in the furnace.
  • the baffle includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle with the same structure. Both the baffle and the lower baffle are provided with uniformly distributed through holes, and the flow rate of the material from the top to the bottom can be adjusted by adjusting the corresponding relationship between the through holes in the upper baffle and the lower baffle.
  • a flue gas discharge port is further provided above the furnace body for discharging the flue gas generated by combustion in the furnace body.
  • the temperature monitor is elongated and arranged in the furnace body, and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the temperature monitor from top to bottom for measuring the temperature at different depths in the furnace body. temperature.
  • an ash accumulation funnel is arranged above the ash accumulation chamber, and the ash accumulation funnel allows burned smoldering ash to enter the ash accumulation chamber.
  • the furnace body is wrapped with refractory bricks, thermal insulation wool and stainless steel, which has good thermal insulation effect and reduces heat loss during the combustion process.
  • a method for realizing self-sustained smoldering continuous reaction in the above-mentioned reaction device characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
  • the material burns in the furnace, and the temperature monitor monitors the temperature and the smoldering peak surface in the furnace in real time.
  • the smoldering peak surface reaches a preset height, adjust the upper and lower middle of the baffle At the positions of the baffle and the lower baffle, the materials in the furnace begin to move downwards, the feeder starts to add materials to the furnace body, and the smoldering peak moves upward at the same speed as the material consumption in the furnace to maintain Continuous operation of smoldering reaction in the furnace;
  • a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste slurry provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention provides a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste slurry, which can realize self-sustaining smoldering continuous disposal of organic waste slurry based on smoldering technology, and realizes direct incineration of organic waste slurry with low energy consumption. At the same time of disposal, it realizes batch disposal based on continuous operation to meet the market's urgent need for efficient disposal of organic waste liquid slurry;
  • the reaction device provided by the present invention adds material sand during the combustion process.
  • the sand is added to the reaction process as a porous medium to improve the spread of air in the organic matter during the smoldering process and the preservation of the heat generated by the oxidation reaction, and improve the self-sustaining ability of smoldering. Reduce system energy consumption;
  • the self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device provided by the present invention can realize the low-temperature flameless incineration treatment of organic waste slurry and organic matter, without additional energy consumption for drying treatment, and the smoldering reaction process can realize self-sustaining reaction without external heat.
  • the continuous operation of smoldering disposal of organic waste slurry can be realized by real-time monitoring of the temperature in the furnace and precise control of the heater, feeding and discharging speed, and air supply volume, which greatly improves the waste disposal capacity and satisfies Market demand.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste slurry constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heater constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a top view of the heater; (b) is a left view of the heater;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind distributor constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a top view of the wind distributor; (b) is a left view of the wind distributor;
  • FIG 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a baffle constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a top view of the baffle; (b) is a schematic diagram of the opening of the baffle hole channel; (c) is the baffle hole Schematic diagram of channel closure.
  • the organic waste slurry self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device is composed of a smoldering furnace, a feeder 10, a discharging device 11, a stirrer 12, a conveying mechanism 13 and a controller.
  • the smoldering furnace It includes an insulated furnace body 1, a heater 2, an air distributor 3, a baffle 4, a ash accumulation funnel 5, a feed port 6, a ash accumulation chamber 7, a flue gas discharge port 8 and a temperature monitor 9.
  • the smoldering furnace is an insulated furnace body 1, which is wrapped by refractory bricks, insulation cotton and stainless steel. In this embodiment, it is a cylindrical furnace body.
  • the furnace wall is insulated by refractory bricks and other heat insulation materials.
  • the top of the furnace body is Spherical cover, the bottom is connected with the ash accumulation funnel.
  • the smoldering furnace heater 2 is in the shape of an equidistant spiral, and the heating tube is composed of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel tube wrapped with a heating wire.
  • each spiral The spacing is not less than 3 times the diameter of the heating tube or not less than 1cm, and the distance between the outermost spiral and the inner wall of the furnace is not less than 3 times the diameter of the heating tube or not less than 1cm.
  • the smoldering furnace air distributor 3 has a radiant stellar disk shape composed of stainless steel tubes (see Figure 3).
  • the steel pipe connecting the external air supply equipment of the furnace body is connected as the air inlet; the lower surface of all the steel pipes of the radiant astrolabe is equidistantly distributed along the length of the extension pipe with small holes with a diameter of 3mm as the air outlet; It enters the air distributor from the outside to the inside, and then escapes from the small hole on the lower edge of the steel pipe on the radiant astrolabe and enters the furnace body, thereby providing the air and pressure required for the reaction of the smoldering furnace system.
  • the baffle plate 4 of the smoldering furnace is two round thick steel plates (thickness 0.5-1.5cm) with evenly distributed circular holes (diameter 0.5-1.5cm). 1cm, the same diameter as the furnace body), which are the upper baffle and the lower baffle respectively, which are used to control the downward flow of sand and the mixture of sand and smoldering ash in the furnace.
  • the upper and lower baffles are in the same position, the circular hole Completely coincide, the material flows downward from the circular hole channel.
  • the upper and lower baffle positions are staggered, the circular hole is misaligned, and the material flows downward from the circular hole channel and is blocked or even stopped.
  • the ash accumulation funnel 5 of the smoldering furnace is made of stainless steel, and the surface for collecting falling ash is polished and smooth; the lower part of the funnel shrinks and connects with the ash accumulation chamber.
  • the ash accumulation chamber 7 of the smoldering furnace is respectively sealed with the lower part of the ash accumulation hopper 5 and the discharger to realize the transfer output under the sealed condition of smoldering ash and the temporary storage function of a certain amount of smoldering ash.
  • the feed port 6 is located at the center of the spherical surface cover of the furnace top and is connected to the feeder 10 in a sealed manner; a star-shaped hollow disk is fixedly suspended below it to assist the uniform spread and fall of materials.
  • the flue gas discharge port 8 of the smoldering furnace is located at a position deviated from the center of the spherical surface cover of the furnace top, which is used to remove the incineration flue gas, and can be connected with related equipment such as flue gas purification equipment.
  • Smoldering furnace temperature monitor 9 In this embodiment, it hangs down from the spherical surface of the furnace top, and is located on the central axis of the cylinder or slightly offset.
  • the lower end of the shaft is 4cm from the upper edge of the heating plate, and 10 K-type thermocouples are equally spaced on the cylinder body.
  • the bottom thermocouple is located at the lower end of the shaft.
  • the agitator 12 is used to fully agitate sand and organic liquid slurry, and the mixed material after mixing is in the form of crushed earth; it has a volume of 1/4-1/3 or more of the volume of the smoldering furnace body for preparing and storing the mixed material ;
  • the unmixed materials are added to the mixer from the top of the mixer to start mixing, and the bottom is evenly mixed; the bottom or side of the bottom is connected with the conveyor belt to transport the mixed materials in real time.
  • the conveying mechanism 13 can convey the target material from bottom to top; realize a sealed connection with the feeder and the discharger.
  • the feeder 10 is connected with the feed port and the conveyer belt for conveying the mixed materials respectively; the screw dragon device realizes the controllable and uniform transportation of solid particles, and then enters the smoldering furnace; the screw device is filled with materials between the threads during operation Enriched, with a certain degree of self-styled effect.
  • the discharging device 11 is respectively sealed and connected with the ash accumulation chamber and the conveyor belt for conveying the ash; the screw dragon device realizes the controllable and uniform transportation of solid ash and slag materials, and then discharges the ash accumulation chamber; the screw device is in operation for the materials between the threads The filling is substantial and has a certain self-sealing effect.
  • the controller is connected with the heater, air distributor, temperature monitor, feeder, discharger, transmission mechanism, and agitator of the smoldering furnace to realize power and signal connection to meet the remote start-stop and real-time operation status monitoring and display
  • the real-time temperature of the 10 thermocouples in the furnace and the historical temperature curve of the start-up operation display and control the air intake, air pressure, display the real-time filling height and feed rate of the material in the furnace, and display the real-time ash accumulation height and ash output in the ash accumulation funnel Speed, display the real-time temperature in the furnace and control the start and stop of the heater.
  • the round hole channel of the baffle 4 is closed, and sand with a particle size of about 1 mm is added to the smoldering furnace through the feeder 10 and the feed port 5 until the sand covers 2 to 4 cm above the heater 2.
  • the organic waste liquid slurry is fed into the agitator 12 through the conveying mechanism 13, and at the same time, sand is added to the agitator 12, and stirring is started until the organic waste liquid slurry and the sand are fully and uniformly mixed.
  • the mass ratio of sand to liquid slurry varies according to the water content of the liquid slurry, and is generally between 4:1 and 10:1.
  • the agitated material is conveyed to the feeder 10 via the conveyor belt 15, enters the feed port 6 of the smoldering furnace via the feeder 10, and then falls into the furnace body 1 and begins to accumulate until it is 2 to 4 cm above the heater 2 Place.
  • the baffle 4 circular hole channel, the feeder 10, the discharger 11 and the corresponding conveying mechanisms 14 and 15 are opened at the same time to realize the material in the furnace from top to bottom.
  • the overall uniform migration movement, the downward migration rate of the unit cross-sectional surface of the material in the furnace should be equivalent to the upward propagation rate of the smoldering peak, so as to realize the continuous operation of smoldering self-sustaining.
  • the temperature measured by the temperature monitor 9 displayed by the controller is used to observe the smoldering peak surface position and smoldering intensity in real time. When the smoldering peak surface temperature is lower than 450°C, the heater 2 can be turned on briefly to reset the peak surface temperature. Return to above 500°C.
  • the ash (mainly sand) produced during the continuous operation of the smoldering furnace enters the ash chamber 7 through the ash accumulation funnel 5, and re-enters the agitator 12 and the newly entered organic liquid slurry material by the discharger 11 and the conveying mechanism 14 After stirring, the mixture enters the feeder 10 through the conveying mechanism 15 and enters the furnace body 1 through the feed port 6 in the form of a mixture material to realize recycling.
  • the corresponding device operation reference parameters can be obtained through the equipment database, such as sand mixing ratio, conveying mechanism and material in and out rate, operating power of air distributor, and maximum Disposal rate.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法。该反应装置包括阴燃炉、搅拌器(12)、传送机构(13)、喂料器(10)、出料器(11)和控制器，其中，阴燃炉作为反应装置的燃烧室，搅拌器(12)用于将待处理的有机液浆与沙混合，传送机构(13)将搅拌后的物料输送至阴燃炉中，喂料器(10)和出料器(11)用于阴燃炉中物料的输入和输出，控制器用于实时监测阴燃炉中阴燃面及温度，并以此对阴燃炉中的燃烧过程进行控制，以此保证阴燃的持续运行、物料的不间断供应、沙的回收利用和温度实时监测，由此可实现有机废弃液的批量处理，满足市场对有机废弃液浆亟需高效处置的需求。

Description

一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法 【技术领域】
本发明属于城市废弃物处置相关技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法。
【背景技术】
我国城市废弃物产量巨大，且产生速率随着经济水平的提升而不断增长，成为阻碍城市健康发展不可忽略的重要影响因素。有机废弃液浆包括污泥、餐厨垃圾、沼渣、油渣等，其中污泥和餐厨垃圾在我国城市废弃物中占比巨大。有机废弃液浆往往同时富含高水分和有机质，使其极易腐败变质，滋生细菌、蚊虫、病原体等，处置不当会威胁城市水源、污染空气，威胁人体健康。焚烧法处置有机废弃物具有处置速率快、减容率大、无害化彻底的优势，是目前城市废弃物处理的主要手段。然而，针对有机废气液浆，其低热值的特性往往给传统焚烧技术带来难点；传统技术对于高水分有机废弃物的处置往往需要结合提前干化或添加高热值燃料的掺烧而实现，处置过程能耗大、成本高、工艺复杂、污染严重。
阴燃处置过程是一种无火焰的低温燃烧反应过程。自维持阴燃则是当燃烧反应产生的热量大于燃烧传播过程损失和反应所需热量的总和时，阴燃处置过程可以在无外界供热条件下实现自持续发展的过程。自维持阴燃技术给有机废弃液浆的焚烧处置提供了一种新方法，无需干化、无需添加高热值燃料情况下即可实现燃烧处置。
以往的污泥低温阴燃热解装置CN110395866A和自动控制及监测的污泥低温阴燃热解装置CN110395865A中对于污泥的处置未涉及多孔介质材料的使用，靠电加热和强制通风实现处置；城市固体废弃物自维持阴燃处理装置CN207555608U能实现对所填充物料的单批次处置，每次阴燃结束 后需要等待降温后重新加装物料、重新点火启动，其阴燃处置的速率一定程度依赖于阴燃装置料仓的容积。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置及反应方法，该反应装置中通过对其整体组件的控制系统的设计，实现燃烧温度的实时监测、物料的持续供应以及燃烧灰渣的回收利用，以此实现有机废弃液的自维持连续反应，进而可实现有机废弃液的批量处理，满足市场对有机废弃液浆亟需高效处置的需求。
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，该反应装置包括阴燃炉、搅拌器、传送机构、喂料器、出料器和控制器，其中，
所述阴燃炉作为所述反应装置的燃烧室，其同时与所述搅拌器、传送机构、喂料器、出料器和控制器连接，所述搅拌器通过传送机构与所述喂料器连接，用于将待处理的有机液浆与沙混合，并将搅拌后的物料输送至所述阴燃炉中，所述喂料器和出料器均通过所述传送机构与所述阴燃炉连接，分别用于所述阴燃炉中物料的输入和输出，所述控制器用于实时监测所述阴燃炉中阴燃面及温度，并以此对所述阴燃炉中的燃烧过程进行控制；
所述阴燃炉包括炉体、加热器、布风器、挡板、进料口、积灰室和温度监测器，所述炉体呈封闭状，其上端设置有进料口，下端设置有积灰室，所述加热器设置在所述炉体中，用于点燃待处理物料，所述布风器设置在所述加热器和积灰室之间，用于为所述炉体中提供燃烧过程中所需的空气和压力，所述进料口与所述喂料器连接，用于向所述炉体中输送物料，所述积灰室与所述出料器相连，用于将燃烧后的阴燃灰渣输出并进入所述搅拌器中，以此实现物料沙的循环使用；
所述温度监测器设置在所述加热器上方，用于实时测量所述炉体中物料燃烧的阴燃峰面位置和温度，并将测量结果反馈给所述控制器，当所述 炉体中的物料堆积高度低于预设加料高度时，所述控制器控制所述喂料器向所述炉体中输送物料，以此实现物料的连续供应；当所述阴燃峰面温度低于预设加热温度时，所述控制器控制所述加热器加热，以此确保所述炉体中的燃烧过程不间断进行，进而保障所述阴燃炉中燃烧过程的连续自维持。
进一步优选地，所述加热器由一根加热管组成，该加热管盘旋为等距螺旋状，其首尾两端接电，用于对炉体内的待处理物料进行均匀加热。
进一步优选地，所述布风器包括外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆，该外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆均为空心管状，空心管的底部均匀分布多个小孔，所述外辐射圈和内辐射圈为同心圆，所述辐射杆沿所述外辐射圈的圆周方向均匀分布，并从所述外辐射圈的圆心指向所述外辐射圈，该辐射杆与外部的进气管连接，当所述进气管中通入空气后，空气从所述外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆中均匀释放出，以此使得进入所述炉体中的空气均匀释放。
进一步优选地，所述布风器和积灰室之间还设置有挡板，用于控制炉内物料的向下移动速率，所述挡板包括结构相同的上挡板和下挡板，上挡板和下挡板上均设置有均匀分布的通孔，通过调整上挡板和下挡板中通孔的对应关系，调节物料自上而下的流动速率。
进一步优选地，所述炉体上方还设置有烟气排放口，用于将所述炉体中燃烧产生的烟气排出。
进一步优选地，所述温度监测器呈长条状，设置在所述炉体中，该温度监测器上自上而下设置有多个热电偶，用于测量所述炉体中不同深度处的温度。
进一步优选地，所述积灰室的上方设置有积灰漏斗，该积灰漏斗使得燃烧后的阴燃灰进入所述积灰室中。
进一步优选地，所述炉体采用耐火砖、隔热棉和不锈钢包裹而成，其 保温隔热效果好，减少燃烧过程中热量流失。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种上述所述的反应装置实现自维持阴燃连续反应的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括下列步骤：
(a)调整所述挡板中上挡板和下挡板的位置，使得物料不能通过该挡板，通过所述喂料器向所述阴燃炉中输入物料沙，直至该物料沙覆盖在所述加热器上方的高度达到预设预填值；
(b)向所述搅拌器中加入物料沙，然后在该搅拌器中通入待处理有机废弃液浆，搅拌混合均匀，将混合均匀的物料通过所述喂料器输入所述阴燃炉中，所述炉体中物料堆积的高度达到预设值后，所述喂料器停止物料的输入；
(c)当所述炉体中的物料高度达到预设点火值后，所述加热器开始加热，同时，所述温度监测器开始测量所述炉体内的温度，当所述炉体内的温度达到预设供风值时，所述布风器中开始向所述炉体中输入空气，当所述温度监测器监测到所述炉体内的温度达到预设最大值时，所述加热器停止加热；
(d)物料在所述炉体内燃烧，所述温度监测器实时监测所述炉体内的温度和阴燃峰面，当所述阴燃峰面达到预设高度时，调整所述挡板中上挡板和下挡板的位置，炉内物料开始向下移动，所述喂料器开始向所述炉体内添加物料，阴燃峰面向上迁移的速度与炉内物料消耗速度相同，以此保持炉体内阴燃反应的连续运行；
(e)当所述炉体内的温度低于预设加热温度时，所述加热器开始加热，当所述炉体内的温度达到预设最大值时，所述加热器停止加热，以此保证所述炉体内阴燃反应所需的热量；
(f)燃烧过程中产生的灰渣通过所述积灰漏斗进入所述积灰室，并通过所述出料器再次进入所述搅拌器中循环利用，实现物料沙的循环利用。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，本发 明提供的一种针对有机废弃液浆的自维持阴燃连续反应装置具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明提供了一种针对有机废弃液浆的自维持阴燃连续反应装置，可以实现基于阴燃技术的有机废弃液浆自维持阴燃连续处置，在实现有机废弃液浆低能耗直接焚烧处置的同时，实现基于连续运行的批量处置，满足市场对有机废弃液浆亟需高效处置的需求；
2、本发明提供的反应装置在燃烧过程中添加物料沙，该沙作为多孔介质加入反应过程中，提升阴燃过程空气在有机质中的传播以及氧化反应生成热量的保存，提高阴燃自持能力，降低系统能耗；
3、本发明提供的自维持阴燃连续反应装置既可以实现有机废弃液浆有机质的低温无焰焚烧处置，无需额外能耗进行干化处理，阴燃反应过程无需外界热量即可实现自维持反应，同时又可以通过对炉内温度的实时监控和对加热器、进出料速度、供风量的精确控制，实现有机废弃液浆阴燃处置的连续运行，极大的提升了废弃物处置能力，满足市场需求。
【附图说明】
图1是按照本发明的优选实施例所构建的有机废弃液浆自维持阴燃连续反应装置的结构示意图；
图2是按照本发明的优选实施例所构建的加热器的结构示意图，其中(a)是加热器的俯视图；(b)是加热器的左视图；
图3是按照本发明的优选实施例所构建的布风器的结构示意图，其中(a)是布风器的俯视图；(b)是布风器的左视图；
图4是按照本发明的优选实施例所构建的挡板的结构示意图，其中(a)是挡板的俯视图；(b)是挡板圆孔通道开启的示意图；(c)是挡板圆孔通道关闭的示意图。
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：
1-炉体，2-加热器，3-布风器，4-挡板，5-积灰漏斗，6-进料口，7-积灰 室，8-烟气排放口，9-温度监测器，10-喂料器，11-出料器，12-搅拌器，13-传送机构。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1所示，有机废弃液浆自维持阴燃连续反应装置由阴燃炉、喂料器10、出料器11、搅拌器12、传送机构13和控制器共同构成，其中，阴燃炉包括隔热炉体1、加热器2、布风器3、挡板4、积灰漏斗5、进料口6、积灰室7、烟气排放口8和温度监测器9。
阴燃炉为隔热炉体1，由耐火砖、隔热棉和不锈钢包裹而成，本实施例中为圆柱型炉体，炉壁通过耐火砖和其他隔热材料实现保温，炉体顶部为球面封盖，底部与积灰漏斗连接。
如图2中(a)和(b)所示，阴燃炉加热器2，呈等距螺线形状，加热管由包裹加热丝的耐腐蚀不锈钢管构成，本实施例中，每圈螺线间距不小于加热管直径的3倍或不小于1cm，最外圈螺线与炉体内壁距离不小于加热管直径的3倍或不小于1cm。
如图3中(a)和(b)所示，阴燃炉布风器3，上部为由不锈钢管构成的辐射星盘形状(见附图3)，辐射条在星盘中心汇聚，与一根联通炉体外部供风设备的钢管连接，作为空气进入口；辐射星盘所有钢管的下方表面沿延管长方向等距分布直径3mm的小孔用做空气出口；空气经由联通外部的钢管由外向内进入布风器，再由辐射星盘上钢管下沿的小孔处逸出，进入炉体内部，以此为阴燃炉系统提供反应所需的空气和压力。
如图4中(a)、(b)和(c)所示，阴燃炉挡板4，为两块带有均匀 分布圆孔(直径0.5—1.5cm)的圆形厚钢板(厚度0.5—1cm，直径与炉体相同)，分别为上挡板和下挡板，用于控制炉内沙料和沙料与阴燃灰混合物的向下流动，当上下两个挡板位置一直时，圆孔完全重合，物料从圆孔通道向下流动，当上下两个挡板位置交错时，圆孔错位，物料从圆孔通道向下流动受阻、甚至停止。
阴燃炉积灰漏斗5，材质为不锈钢，用于收集落灰的表面打磨光滑；漏斗下部收缩与积灰室相连接。
阴燃炉积灰室7，分别与积灰漏斗5的下部和出料器密封连接，实现阴燃灰渣密封条件下的转移输出以及一定量阴燃灰渣的临时存储功能。
进料口6，位于炉顶球面封盖的中心，与喂料器10密封连接；在其下方固定悬挂一个星盘状镂空圆盘，用于辅助物料均匀播撒下落。
阴燃炉烟气排放口8，位于炉顶球面封盖偏离中心的位置，用于排除焚烧烟气，可与烟气净化设备等相关设备相连。
阴燃炉温度监测器9，本实施例中，自炉顶球面封盖垂下，位于圆柱中轴或稍偏位置，轴下端距离加热盘上沿4cm，柱身等间距分布10个K型热电偶，最下面的热电偶位于轴低端。
搅拌器12，用于充分搅拌沙子和有机液浆，搅拌后的混合物料呈碎泥土状；具备阴燃炉体体积1/4—1/3以上的体积用于准备和储备搅拌好的混合物料；尚未混合的物料由搅拌器上方加入搅拌器开始混合，下方混合均匀；下方底部或侧面与传送带相连将搅拌好的物料实时输送。
传送机构13，可以将目标物料进行自下而上的输送；与喂料器和出料器实现密封连接。
喂料器10，分别与进料口和传输混合物料的传送带密封连接；通过螺旋蛟龙装置实现固体颗粒物料的可控匀速运输，进而进入阴燃炉内；螺旋装置在运行过程中螺纹间物料填充充实，具备一定的自封作用。
出料器11，分别与积灰室和传送灰渣的传送带密封连接；通过螺旋蛟 龙装置实现固体灰渣物料的可控匀速运输，进而将积灰室排出；螺旋装置在运行过程中螺纹间物料填充充实，具备一定的自封作用。
控制器，与阴燃炉的加热器、布风器、温度监测器以及喂料器、出料器、传送机构、搅拌器实现动力和信号连接，满足远程启停和实时运行状态的监控，显示炉内10个热电偶的实时温度和开机运行历史温度曲线，显示和控制空气进入量、空气压力，显示炉内物料实时填充高度和进料速率，显示积灰漏斗内实时积灰高度和出灰速率，显示炉体内实时温度并控制加热器启停。
下面将具体介绍本实施例中的反应装置的工作过程。
(1)预填充。挡板4圆孔通道关闭，通过喂料器10和进料口5向阴燃炉中加入粒径1mm左右的沙子，直至沙子覆盖到加热器2上方2—4cm处。将有机废弃液浆通过传送机构13加入搅拌器12，同时另将沙子加入搅拌器12，并开始搅拌，直至有机废弃液浆与沙子充分均匀混合。沙子与液浆的质量比根据液浆的水含量而变化，一般在4:1—10:1之间为宜。搅拌好的物料经由传送带15输送至喂料器10，经由喂料器10进入阴燃炉的进料口6，继而落入炉体1中并开始不断堆积，直至在加热器2上方2—4cm处。
(2)点火。当炉内物料床层堆积至距离加热器2上方15—20cm高度时加热器2开启电源，以最大额定功率开始加热；温度监测器9同时开启运行。当温度监测器9下端热电偶显示温度为200—300℃时，压缩空气开始经由布风器3进入阴燃炉炉体1内部。炉内单位横截面空气流速控制在3.5—5.0cm/s。温度监测器9下端热电偶显示温度迅速提升并达到峰值开始下降时，关闭加热器2电源。点火完成。在此期间物料填充可持续进行，填充床层高度控制在距离加热器2上方40—100cm处。
(3)自持。点火完成后随着空气不断进入炉体1内并向上运动，阴燃燃烧峰面向上传播，传播速率一般在0.3—0.6cm/min。通过控制器显示的温度监测器9所反应的实时温度变化曲线可以监测炉内燃烧面的位置和反应 强度情况。当燃烧峰面运动至距离加热器2床层高度为30—50cm且反应强度较好时(温度不低于500℃)，阴燃起火自持成功。
(4)连续。当阴燃面运动至物料床层中央附近高度时，同时开启挡板4圆孔通道、喂料器10、出料器11以及相应的传送机构14和15，实现炉内物料的自上而下整体均匀迁移运动，炉内物料单位横截面向下迁移速率应与阴燃峰面向上传播速率相当，实现阴燃自持的连续运行。通过控制器显示的温度监测器9测量的温度对阴燃峰面位置和阴燃强度进行实时观测，当阴燃峰面温度低于450℃时，可短暂开启加热器2使燃烧峰面温度重新回到500℃以上。
(5)沙循环。阴燃炉自持连续运行过程中产生的灰渣(主要是沙子)通过积灰漏斗5进入积灰室7并由出料器11和传送机构14重新进入搅拌器12与新进入的有机液浆物料进行搅拌，搅拌后以混合物料的形式通过传送机构15进入喂料器10并经由进料口6进入炉体1实现循环利用。
在有机液浆含水率、有机质含量等特性已知的情况下，即可通过设备数据库得到相应的装置运行参考参数，如沙子掺混比例、传送机构和物料进出速率、布风器运行功率以及最大处置速率。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，该反应装置包括阴燃炉、搅拌器(12)、传送机构(13)、喂料器(10)、出料器(11)和控制器，其中，
    所述阴燃炉作为所述反应装置的燃烧室，其同时与所述搅拌器(12)、传送机构(13)、喂料器(10)、出料器(11)和控制器连接，所述搅拌器(12)通过传送机构与所述喂料器连接，用于将待处理的有机废弃液浆与沙混合，并将搅拌后的物料输送至所述阴燃炉中，所述喂料器(10)和出料器均(11)通过所述传送机构与所述阴燃炉连接，分别用于所述阴燃炉中物料的输入和输出，所述控制器用于实时监测所述阴燃炉中阴燃面及温度，并以此对所述阴燃炉中的燃烧过程进行控制；
    所述阴燃炉包括炉体(1)、加热器(2)、布风器(3)、进料口(6)、积灰室(7)和温度监测器(9)，所述炉体(1)呈封闭状，其上端设置有进料口(6)，下端设置有积灰室(7)，所述加热器(2)设置在所述炉体(1)中，用于点燃待处理物料，所述布风器(3)设置在所述加热器(2)和积灰室(7)之间，用于为所述炉体(1)中提供燃烧过程中所需的空气，所述进料口(6)与所述喂料器连接，用于向所述炉体(1)中输送物料，所述积灰室(7)与所述出料器相连，用于将燃烧后的阴燃灰渣输出并进入所述搅拌器中，以此实现物料沙的循环使用；
    所述温度监测器(9)设置在所述加热器(2)上方，用于实时测量所述炉体(1)中物料燃烧的阴燃峰面位置和温度，并将测量结果反馈给所述控制器，当所述炉体(1)中的物料堆积高度低于预设加料高度时，所述控制器控制所述喂料器向所述炉体(1)中输送物料，以此实现物料的连续供应；当所述阴燃峰面温度低于预设加热温度时，所述控制器控制所述加热器(2)加热，以此确保所述炉体(1)中的燃烧过程不间断进行，进而保 障所述阴燃炉中燃烧过程的连续自维持。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述加热器(2)由一根加热管组成，该加热管盘旋为等距螺旋状，其首尾两端接电，用于对炉体(1)内的待处理物料进行均匀加热。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述布风器(3)包括外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆，该外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆均为空心管状，空心管的底部均匀分布多个小孔，所述外辐射圈和内辐射圈为同心圆，所述辐射杆沿所述外辐射圈的圆周方向均匀分布，并从所述外辐射圈的圆心指向所述外辐射圈，该辐射杆与外部的进气管连接，当所述进气管中通入空气后，空气从所述外辐射圈、内辐射圈和辐射杆中均匀释放出，以此使得进入所述炉体(1)中的空气均匀释放。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述布风器(3)和积灰室(7)之间还设置有挡板(4)，用于控制炉内物料的向下移动速率，所述挡板(4)包括结构相同的上挡板和下挡板，上挡板和下挡板上均设置有均匀分布的通孔，通过调整上挡板和下挡板中通孔的对应关系，调节物料自上而下的流动速率。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述炉体(1)上方还设置有烟气排放口，用于将所述炉体(1)中燃烧产生的烟气排出。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述温度监测器(9)呈长条状，设置在所述炉体(1)中，该温度监测器(9)上自上而下设置有多个热电偶，用于测量所述炉体(1)中不同深度处的温度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述积灰室(7)的上方设置有积灰漏斗(5)，该积灰漏斗使 得燃烧后的阴燃灰进入所述积灰室(7)中。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种有机废弃液自维持阴燃连续反应装置，其特征在于，所述炉体(1)采用耐火砖、隔热棉和不锈钢包裹而成，其保温隔热效果好，减少燃烧过程中热量流失。
  9. 一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的反应装置实现自维持阴燃连续反应的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括下列步骤：
    (a)调整所述挡板中上挡板和下挡板的位置，使得物料不能通过该挡板，通过所述喂料器向所述阴燃炉中输入物料沙，直至该物料沙覆盖在所述加热器(2)上方的高度达到预设预填值；
    (b)向所述搅拌器中加入物料沙，然后在该搅拌器中通入待处理有机废弃液浆，搅拌混合均匀，将混合均匀的物料通过所述喂料器输入所述阴燃炉中，所述炉体(1)中物料堆积的高度达到预设值后，所述喂料器停止物料的输入；
    (c)当所述炉体(1)中的物料高度达到预设点火值后，所述加热器(2)开始加热，同时，所述温度监测器(9)开始测量所述炉体(1)内的温度，当所述炉体(1)内的温度达到预设供风值温度时，所述布风器(3)中开始向所述炉体(1)中输入空气，当所述温度监测器(9)监测到所述炉体(1)内的温度达到预设最大值时，所述加热器(2)停止加热；
    (d)物料在所述炉体(1)内燃烧，所述温度监测器(9)实时监测所述炉体(1)内的温度和阴燃峰面，当所述阴燃峰面达到预设高度时，调整所述挡板(4)中上挡板和下挡板的位置，炉内物料开始向下移动，所述喂料器开始向所述炉体(1)内添加物料，阴燃峰面向上迁移的速度与炉内物料消耗速度相同，以此保持炉体(1)内阴燃反应的连续运行；
    (e)当所述炉体内的温度低于预设加热温度时，所述加热器(2)开始加热，当所述炉体内的温度达到预设最大值时，所述加热器停止加热，以此保证所述炉体(1)内阴燃反应所需的热量；
    (f)燃烧过程中产生的灰渣通过所述积灰漏斗(5)进入所述积灰室(7)，并通过所述出料器再次进入所述搅拌器中循环利用，实现物料沙的循环利用。
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