WO2021208278A1 - 主被动磁悬浮轴承 - Google Patents

主被动磁悬浮轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021208278A1
WO2021208278A1 PCT/CN2020/101928 CN2020101928W WO2021208278A1 WO 2021208278 A1 WO2021208278 A1 WO 2021208278A1 CN 2020101928 W CN2020101928 W CN 2020101928W WO 2021208278 A1 WO2021208278 A1 WO 2021208278A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
passive
radial
magnetic
active
permanent magnet
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PCT/CN2020/101928
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑世强
王棣
乐韵
文通
王坤
毛琨
尹一凡
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北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院
北京航空航天大学
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Publication of WO2021208278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208278A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of non-contact magnetic bearings, in particular to an active and passive magnetic suspension bearing, which can be used as a non-contact supporting part for high-speed rotating parts in mechanical equipment such as compressors and blowers.
  • Magnetic bearings are mainly used in high-speed rotating equipment.
  • the method of increasing the current in the axial coil is usually adopted. Since the copper loss generated by the coil is proportional to the square of the input current, in this case, the copper loss of the system increases, and the coil current can increase. To a large extent, it is bound to be limited by subsequent electronic equipment; in addition to the above methods, the radial magnetic poles can also be changed to a tapered structure, so that the radial magnetic bearing can provide both radial force and partial axial force. In this case, the tapered structure can only provide axial force in one direction, and the tapered structure increases the difficulty of radial control, and the overall design difficulty of the bearing also increases.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an active and passive magnetic suspension bearing to solve the problems of instability in axial control of the magnetic suspension bearing in the prior art, poor confinement ability, and high energy consumption.
  • the present invention provides an active and passive magnetic suspension bearing, which includes a rotating shaft and a stator, the rotating shaft is inserted into the central hole of the stator, and the stator includes an active axial control magnetic ring that is coaxially connected in turn, The first permanent magnet, the radial magnetic permeable ring, the second permanent magnet and the passive axial control permeable ring;
  • a thrust disk, radial rotor laminations and passive rotor teeth are formed on the rotating shaft, and the radial rotor laminations are located between the thrust disk and the passive rotor teeth;
  • the inner side of the active axial control magnetic ring is provided with an annular groove, and part of the thrust plate is located in the annular groove and forms an axial air gap with the inner wall of the annular groove.
  • the groove bottom is provided with an axial coil arranged coaxially with the active axial control magnetic ring;
  • a radial stator core is arranged in the radial magnetic flux ring, a plurality of stator teeth are formed on the radial stator core, and the plurality of stator teeth are evenly distributed around the radial rotor laminations.
  • the stator teeth are all provided with radial coils, and a radial air gap is formed between the stator teeth and the radial rotor laminations;
  • the magnetic pole directions of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are opposite;
  • the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring corresponds to the passive rotor teeth and forms an air gap of the passive teeth.
  • a magnetically conductive connecting ring is provided between the radial magnetically conductive ring and the second permanent magnet.
  • the radial magnetic permeable ring, the radial stator core and the radial rotor lamination are made of silicon steel sheets;
  • the material of the active axial control magnetic ring, the passive axial control magnetic ring, the magnetic connection ring, the thrust plate and the passive rotor teeth is Cr40 or DT4;
  • Both the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are made of ferrite permanent magnetic material or rare earth permanent magnetic material.
  • the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring has a plurality of annular magnetic poles, the number of the passive rotor teeth is equal to the number of the annular magnetic poles, and the plurality of the annular magnetic poles is the same as the plurality of the passive rotor teeth.
  • the axial thickness of the annular magnetic pole is less than or equal to one third of the axial thickness of the thrust plate.
  • the size of the radial air gap ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, and the size of the passive tooth portion air gap is 2.5 times the size of the radial air gap.
  • the thickness of the first permanent magnet is more than twice the thickness of the second permanent magnet.
  • the thrust plate and the passive rotor teeth are integrally formed with the rotating shaft, and the radial rotor laminations are embedded in an annular groove opened on the rotating shaft.
  • the outer diameters of the thrust plate and the passive rotor teeth are both larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft, and the outer diameter of the radial rotor laminations is equal to the outer diameter of the rotating shaft.
  • the S poles of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the active and passive magnetic bearing provided by the present invention is provided with two parts, active axial control and passive axial control, in the axial control of the rotating shaft.
  • the active axial control is controlled by the active axial control magnetic ring, the first permanent magnet, the thrust plate and the The axial coils are realized together; the passive axial control is realized by the second permanent magnet, the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring, and the passive rotor teeth.
  • the passive axial control does not require the control coil and the controller required for the control coil, which reduces the entire bearing The overall loss.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an axial cross-section of an active and passive magnetic suspension bearing in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the active and passive magnetic suspension bearing in Fig. 1, in which the section lines of some parts are hidden to facilitate the observation of the magnetic circuit path;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a radial cross-section of the active and passive magnetic suspension bearing in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit generated by the radial coils in the active and passive magnetic suspension bearings in Fig. 3.
  • this embodiment provides an active and passive magnetic suspension bearing, which includes a rotating shaft 10 and a stator 20.
  • the rotating shaft 10 is inserted into the central hole of the stator 20.
  • the stator 20 includes an active axial control magnetic ring 21, a first permanent magnet 22, a radial magnetic permeable ring 23, a second permanent magnet 24, and a passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25 that are coaxially connected in sequence. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected.
  • the active axial control magnetic ring 21, the first permanent magnet 22, the radial magnetic permeable ring 23, the second permanent magnet 24 and the passive axial control permeable ring 25 are connected from above Stacked together from top to bottom, adjacent components can be bonded by adhesive.
  • the top to bottom described here is only based on the viewing angle shown in Figure 1.
  • the relative relationship of each component The orientation is not limited to this; the active axial control magnetic ring 21, the first permanent magnet 22, the radial magnetic permeable ring 23, the second permanent magnet 24 and the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25 are coaxially arranged and coaxial with the shaft 10 set up.
  • a thrust plate 11, radial rotor laminations 12 and passive rotor teeth 13 are formed on the rotating shaft 10.
  • the radial rotor laminations 12 are located between the thrust plate 11 and the passive rotor teeth 13; the active axial control magnetic ring 21 is provided with a ring
  • the groove, part of the thrust plate 11 is located in the annular groove, and an axial air gap 111 is formed between the inner wall of the annular groove.
  • Coil 26 a radial stator core 27 is provided in the radial flux ring 23, a plurality of stator teeth are formed on the radial stator core 27, and the plurality of stator teeth are evenly distributed around the radial rotor lamination 12, combined with Figure 3
  • the radial stator core 27 has four stator teeth, and each stator tooth is provided with a radial coil 28, and a radial air gap 271 is formed between the stator teeth and the radial rotor lamination 12;
  • the magnetic pole directions of the first permanent magnet 22 and the second permanent magnet 24 are opposite;
  • the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25 corresponds to the passive rotor teeth 13 and forms an air gap 251 of the passive teeth.
  • the specific working principle of the above-mentioned active and passive magnetic bearing is as follows: With reference to Figure 2, the magnetic flux generated by the first permanent magnet 22 starts from the N pole and passes through the active axial control magnetic ring 21, the axial air gap 111, the thrust plate 11, and the rotating shaft 10. , The radial rotor lamination 12, the radial air gap 271, the radial stator core 27, the radial magnetic ring 23, and finally return to the S pole of the first permanent magnet 22. In this process, the permanent magnetic flux passes through at the same time The axial air gap 111 and the radial air gap 271 simultaneously provide a bias magnetic field for the axial and radial directions of the active and passive magnetic bearing.
  • the control magnetic flux generated after the current is applied passes through the active axial control magnetic ring 21, the axial air gap 111, and the thrust plate 11.
  • the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the first permanent magnet 22 is the same as the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the axial coil 26, and the axial air gap on the other side of the thrust plate 11
  • the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the first permanent magnet 22 in the 111 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the axial coil 26.
  • the direction and magnitude of the axial force on the thrust plate 11 are controlled by controlling the current direction and magnitude of the axial coil 26, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the axial magnetic force.
  • the radial stator core 27 has a four-tooth symmetrical structure, the stator teeth are wound with radial coils 28, and the windings on two opposite stator teeth are connected in series to generate control magnetic fluxes in the same direction.
  • the radial control magnetic circuit takes the magnetic flux generated by the energization of the radial coil 28 in the Y direction as an example.
  • the electromagnetic field passes through the stator teeth in the Y+ direction, the radial stator core 27, and the stator teeth in the Y-direction, Y-
  • a regulating magnetic field is formed in the radial coil 28 by controlling the current, which is superimposed with the bias magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet 22, so that the magnetic flux in the radial air gap 271 on the side of the rotating shaft 10 is increased. , The magnetic flux in the radial air gap 271 on the other side is reduced, thereby generating an actively adjustable radial electromagnetic force, which restricts the rotating shaft 10.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the second permanent magnet 24 starts from the N pole, passes through the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25, the passive tooth air gap 251, the passive rotor tooth 13, the rotating shaft 10, and the radial rotor lamination 12, The radial air gap 271, the radial stator core 27, the radial magnetic permeable ring 23, and then return to the S pole of the second permanent magnet 24 through the magnetic permeable connecting ring 29 to provide the main magnetic field for the passive part.
  • the active and passive magnetic bearing in the axial control of the rotating shaft 10, two parts, active axial control and passive axial control are provided.
  • the active axial control is controlled by the active axial control magnetic ring 21 and the first permanent magnet 22 ,
  • the thrust plate 11 and the axial coil 26 are realized together;
  • the passive axial control is realized by the second permanent magnet 24, the passive axial control magnetic ring 25 and the passive rotor teeth 13 together.
  • the passive axial control does not require the control coil and the controller required for the control coil, which reduces the entire bearing The overall loss.
  • a magnetically conductive connecting ring 29 is also provided between the radial magnetic permeable ring 23 and the second permanent magnet 24.
  • the magnetically permeable connecting ring 29 connects the radial permeable ring 23 and the second permanent magnet 24 respectively, and plays a role of permeable magnetism.
  • Those skilled in the art can set the thickness according to requirements. The greater the thickness of the magnetically permeable connecting ring 29, the greater the distance between the first permanent magnet 22 and the second permanent magnet 24, and thus the smaller the magnetic field interference between the two.
  • the axial length of the rotating shaft 10 is limited by actual conditions.
  • the thickness of the magnetically permeable connecting ring 29 is restricted by the axial length of the rotating shaft 10, so the thickness of the magnetically permeable connecting ring 29 will not be thickened indefinitely.
  • the radial magnetic ring 23, the radial stator core 27, and the radial rotor lamination 12 are made of silicon steel sheets; the active axial control magnetic ring 21, the passive axial control magnetic ring 25, and the magnetic
  • the material of the connecting ring 29, the thrust plate 11 and the passive rotor teeth 13 is Cr40 or DT4; the first permanent magnet 22 and the second permanent magnet 24 are all made of ferrite permanent magnet material or rare earth permanent magnet material.
  • Those skilled in the art can choose other materials according to their needs, as long as they can meet the corresponding functions.
  • the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25 has a plurality of annular magnetic poles 252, the number of the passive rotor teeth 13 is equal to the number of the annular magnetic poles 252, and the plurality of annular magnetic poles 252 correspond to the plurality of passive rotor teeth 13 one-to-one. set up.
  • the provision of multiple annular magnetic poles 252 can improve the accuracy of axial control.
  • the annular magnetic poles 252 of the passive axial control magnetic permeable ring 25 can provide shafts to the corresponding passive rotor teeth 13 Towards binding.
  • each annular magnetic pole 252 is small.
  • the axial thickness of the annular magnetic pole 252 is less than or equal to three times the axial thickness of the thrust plate 11. One part.
  • the size of the radial air gap 271 ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, and the size of the passive tooth portion air gap 251 is 2.5 times the size of the radial air gap 271.
  • the thickness of the first permanent magnet 22 is more than twice the thickness of the second permanent magnet 24.
  • the thrust plate 11 and the passive rotor teeth 13 are integrally formed with the rotating shaft 10 for easy processing, and the radial rotor laminations 12 are embedded in the annular groove opened on the rotating shaft 10.
  • the outer diameters of the thrust plate 11 and the passive rotor teeth 13 are both greater than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 10, and the outer diameter of the radial rotor laminations 12 is equal to the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 10.
  • the S poles of the first permanent magnet 22 and the second permanent magnet 24 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the N poles of the first permanent magnet 22 and the second permanent magnet 24 may be arranged opposite to each other.
  • the active and passive magnetic bearing of the present disclosure through the combination of active axial control and passive axial control, improves the overall stability of the system and significantly improves the axial restraint ability.
  • the passive axial control does not require control coils and the control coils.
  • the controller reduces the overall loss of the entire bearing and has strong industrial applicability.

Abstract

一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，包括转轴（10）和定子（20），转轴（10）穿插于定子（20）的中心孔内，定子（20）包括依次同轴连接的主动轴向控制磁环（21）、第一永磁体（22）、径向导磁环（23）、第二永磁体（24）以及被动轴向控制导磁环（25）；转轴上（10）形成有推力盘（11）、径向转子叠片（12）以及被动转子齿（13），径向转子叠片（12）位于推力盘（11）和被动转子齿（13）之间；主动轴向控制磁环（21）内侧开设有环形凹槽，部分推力盘位于环形凹槽内，并与环形凹槽内壁之间形成轴向气隙（111），环形凹槽的槽底设置有与主动轴向控制磁环（21）同轴设置的轴向线圈（26）。通过主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制的结合，使得系统的整体稳定性提高，轴向约束能力明显提高，其中被动轴向控制不需要控制线圈以及控制线圈所需要的控制器，降低了整个轴承的整体损耗。

Description

主被动磁悬浮轴承
本公开要求于2020年4月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为2020103071606、发明名称为“主被动磁悬浮轴承”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本发明涉及非接触磁轴承的技术领域，特别是一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，可作为压缩机、鼓风机等机械设备中高速旋转部件的无接触支撑部件。
背景技术
磁悬浮轴承主要用于高转速的旋转设备中，当磁悬浮轴承应用于鼓风机、压缩机等场合时，由于叶轮进出口压力差，会在转子上产生非常大的轴向载荷，因此对整个磁轴承系统的轴向负载能力提出较高要求。
为了提高轴向负载能力，通常采用增大轴向线圈中电流的方法，由于线圈产生的铜损耗与通入电流的平方成正比，这种情况下，系统的铜损耗增加，而且线圈电流能增大程度势必要受到后续电子设备的限制；除了上述方法外，也可以将径向磁极改为锥形结构，使径向磁轴承既能提供径向力，也能提供部分轴向力。这种情况中，锥形结构只能提供一个方向的轴向力，而且锥形结构增加了径向控制的困难度，轴承整体的设计难度也增大。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，以解决现有技术磁悬浮轴承轴向控制不稳定、约束能力差、耗能高的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，包括转轴和定子，所述转轴穿插于所述定子的中心孔内，所述定子包括依次同轴连接的主动轴向控制磁环、第一永磁体、径向导磁环、第二永磁体以及被动轴向控制导磁环；
所述转轴上形成有推力盘、径向转子叠片以及被动转子齿，所述径向转子叠片位于所述推力盘和所述被动转子齿之间；
所述主动轴向控制磁环内侧开设有环形凹槽，部分所述推力盘位于所述环形凹槽内，并与所述环形凹槽内壁之间形成轴向气隙，所述环形凹槽的槽底设置有与所述主动轴向控制磁环同轴设置的轴向线圈；
所述径向导磁环内设置有径向定子铁芯，所述径向定子铁芯上形成多个定子齿，多个所述定子齿围绕所述径向转子叠片周向均匀分布，每个所述定子齿上均设置有径向线圈，所述定子齿与所述径向转子叠片之间形成径向气隙；
所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体的磁极方向相反；
所述被动轴向控制导磁环与所述被动转子齿相对应，并形成被动齿部气隙。
可选地，所述径向导磁环和所述第二永磁体之间设置有导磁连接环。
可选地，所述径向导磁环、径向定子铁芯以及径向转子叠片由硅钢片制成；
所述主动轴向控制磁环、被动轴向控制导磁环、导磁连接环、推力盘以及被动转子齿材料为Cr40或DT4；
所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体均由铁氧体永磁材料或稀土永磁材料制成。
可选地，所述被动轴向控制导磁环具有多个环形磁极，所述被动转子齿的数量与所述环形磁极的数量相等，多个所述环形磁极与多个所述被动转子齿一一对应设置。
可选地，所述环形磁极的轴向厚度小于或等于所述推力盘轴向厚度的三分之一。
可选地，所述径向气隙的尺寸范围为0.1mm～0.6mm，所述被动齿部气隙的尺寸为所述径向气隙的尺寸的2.5倍。
可选地，所述第一永磁体的厚度为所述第二永磁体厚度的2倍以上。
可选地，所述推力盘和所述被动转子齿均与所述转轴一体成型，所述径向转子叠片嵌在所述转轴上开设的环形凹槽内。
可选地，所述推力盘和所述被动转子齿的外径均大于所述转轴的外径，所述径向转子叠片的外径等于所述转轴的外径。
可选地，所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体的S极相对设置。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供的主被动磁悬浮轴承，在对转轴轴向控制上，设置主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制两部分，主动轴向控制通过主动轴向控制磁环、第一永磁体、推力盘以及轴向线圈共同实现；被动轴向控制通过第二永磁体、被动轴向控制导磁环以及被动转子齿等结构共同实现。通过主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制的结合，使得系统的整体稳定性提高，轴向约束能力明显提高，其中被动轴向控制不需要控制线圈以及控制线圈所需要的控制器，降低了整个轴承的整体损耗。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一实施方式中主被动磁悬浮轴承的轴向截面示意图；
图2是图1中主被动磁悬浮轴承的磁路示意图，其中隐藏了部分部件的剖面线，以便于观察磁路路径；
图3是图1中主被动磁悬浮轴承的径向截面示意图；
图4是图3中主被动磁悬浮轴承中径向线圈产生的磁路示意图。
附图标记：
10-转轴；11-推力盘；111-轴向气隙；12-径向转子叠片；13-被动转子齿；
20-定子；21-主动轴向控制磁环；22-第一永磁体；23-径向导磁环；24-第二永磁体；25-被动轴向控制导磁环；251-被动齿部气隙；252-环形磁极；26-轴向线圈；27-径向定子铁芯；271-径向气隙；28-径向线圈；29-导磁连接环。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
参阅图1，本实施方式提供一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，包括转轴10和定子20，转轴10穿插于定子20的中心孔内。其中，定子20包括依次同轴连接的主动轴向控制磁环21、第一永磁体22、径向导磁环23、第二永磁体24以及被动轴向控制导磁环25，这里的同轴连接可以是直接连接也可以是间接连接，如图1，主动轴向控制磁环21、第一永磁体22、径向导磁环23、第二永磁体24以及被动轴向控制导磁环25由上至下依次叠加在一起，相邻部件之间可以通过粘结剂粘结，这里所述的由上至下仅是基于图1所示的观察角度，在实际的应用场景中，各个部件的相对方位并不限于此；主动轴向控制磁环21、第一永磁体22、径向导磁环23、第二永磁体24以及被动轴向控制导磁环25同轴设置，且与转轴10同轴设置。转轴10上形成有推力盘11、径向转子叠片12以及被动转子齿13，径向转子叠片12位于推力盘11和被动转子齿13之间；主动轴向控制磁环21内侧开设有环形凹槽，部分推力盘11位于环形凹槽内，并与环形凹槽内壁之间形成轴向气隙111，环形凹槽的槽底设置有与主动轴向控制磁环21同轴设置的轴向线圈26；径向导磁环23内设置有径向定子铁芯27，径向定子铁芯27上形成多个定子齿，多个定子齿围绕径向转子叠片12周向均匀分布，结合图3，在本实施方式中，径向定子铁芯27有四个定子齿，每个定子齿上均设 置有径向线圈28，定子齿与径向转子叠片12之间形成径向气隙271；第一永磁体22和第二永磁体24的磁极方向相反；被动轴向控制导磁环25与被动转子齿13相对应，并形成被动齿部气隙251。
上述主被动磁悬浮轴承的具体工作原理如下：结合图2，第一永磁体22产生的磁通从N极出发，经过主动轴向控制磁环21，轴向气隙111，推力盘11，转轴10，径向转子叠片12，径向气隙271，径向定子铁芯27，径向导磁环23，最后回到第一永磁体22的S极，在这个过程中，永磁磁通同时经过轴向气隙111和径向气隙271，同时为主被动磁悬浮轴承的轴向和径向提供偏置磁场。
对于轴向线圈26，通入电流后产生的控制磁通经过主动轴向控制磁环21，轴向气隙111，推力盘11。其中，在推力盘11一侧的轴向气隙111中，第一永磁体22产生的磁通方向与轴向线圈26产生的磁通方向相同，在推力盘11另一侧的轴向气隙111中第一永磁体22产生的磁通方向与轴向线圈26产生的磁通方向相反。当转轴10发生轴向偏移时，通过控制轴向线圈26的电流方向和电流大小，控制对推力盘11轴向力的方向和大小，达到改变轴向磁力的目的。
对于径向线圈28，径向定子铁芯27为四齿对称结构，定子齿上绕有径向线圈28，相对的两个定子齿上的绕组串联相接，产生方向一致的控制磁通。径向控制磁路以Y方向的径向线圈28通电后产生的磁通为例,如图4，电磁磁场分别通过Y+方向定子齿,径向定子铁芯27，Y-方向定子齿，Y-方向径向气隙271，最后通过径向转子叠片12，Y+方向径向气隙271，形成闭合回路。在径向气隙271中，径向线圈28中通过控制电流形成调节磁场，与第一永磁体22产生的偏置磁场进行叠加，使转轴10一侧的径向气隙271中的磁通增加，另一侧径向气隙271中的磁通减小，从而产生可主动调节的径向电磁力，对转轴10形成约束。
结合图2，第二永磁体24产生的磁通从N极出发，经过被动轴向控制导磁环25，被动齿部气隙251，被动转子齿13，转轴10，径向转子叠片12，径向气隙271，径向定子铁芯27，径向导磁环23，再通过导磁连接环29回到第二永磁体24的S极，为被动部分提供主要的磁 场。当转轴10产生微小的轴向位移时，原本对齐的被动轴向控制导磁环25的磁极与被动转子齿13部产生错位，产生与位移方向相反的轴向力，因而提供了系统整体的轴向约束能力，防止出现转轴10轴向位移过大的情况。
本实施方式提供的主被动磁悬浮轴承，在对转轴10轴向控制上，设置主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制两部分，主动轴向控制通过主动轴向控制磁环21、第一永磁体22、推力盘11以及轴向线圈26共同实现；被动轴向控制通过第二永磁体24、被动轴向控制导磁环25以及被动转子齿13等结构共同实现。通过主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制的结合，使得系统的整体稳定性提高，轴向约束能力明显提高，其中被动轴向控制不需要控制线圈以及控制线圈所需要的控制器，降低了整个轴承的整体损耗。
其中，径向导磁环23和第二永磁体24之间还设置有导磁连接环29。导磁连接环29分别连接径向导磁环23和第二永磁体24，起到导磁的作用。本领域技术人员可以根据需求设置其厚度。导磁连接环29的厚度越大，第一永磁体22和第二永磁体24的距离越大，从而两者之间的磁场干扰越小，转轴10的轴向长度受实际情况的限制，而导磁连接环29的厚度又受到转轴10轴向长度的限制，因此导磁连接环29的厚度也不会无限加厚。
在本实施方式中，径向导磁环23、径向定子铁芯27以及径向转子叠片12由硅钢片制成；主动轴向控制磁环21、被动轴向控制导磁环25、导磁连接环29、推力盘11以及被动转子齿13材料为Cr40或DT4；第一永磁体22和第二永磁体24均由铁氧体永磁材料或稀土永磁材料制成。本领域技术人员可以根据需求选择其他材质，只要能够满足相应的功能即可。
在本实施方式中，被动轴向控制导磁环25具有多个环形磁极252，被动转子齿13的数量与环形磁极252的数量相等，多个环形磁极252与多个被动转子齿13一一对应设置。设置多个环形磁极252可以提高轴向控制的精度，在转轴10发生很小的轴向偏移时，被动轴向控制导磁环25的环形磁极252就能向对应的被动转子齿13提供轴向约束力。
进一步，为了提高被动轴向控制对轴向位移的敏感度，每个环形磁极252的厚度较小，在本实施方式中，环形磁极252的轴向厚度小于或等于推力盘11轴向厚度的三分之一。
在本实施方式中，径向气隙271的尺寸范围为0.1mm～0.6mm，被动齿部气隙251的尺寸为径向气隙271的尺寸的2.5倍。第一永磁体22的厚度为第二永磁体24厚度的2倍以上。
在本实施方式中，推力盘11和被动转子齿13均与转轴10一体成型，便于加工，径向转子叠片12嵌在转轴10上开设的环形凹槽内。
其中，推力盘11和被动转子齿13的外径均大于转轴10的外径，径向转子叠片12的外径等于转轴10的外径。
在本实施方式中，第一永磁体22和第二永磁体24的S极相对设置。当然也可以设置第一永磁体22和第二永磁体24的N极相对设置。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本公开将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
工业实用性
本公开的主被动磁悬浮轴承，通过主动轴向控制和被动轴向控制 的结合，使得系统的整体稳定性提高，轴向约束能力明显提高，其中被动轴向控制不需要控制线圈以及控制线圈所需要的控制器，降低了整个轴承的整体损耗，具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种主被动磁悬浮轴承，包括转轴(10)和定子(20)，所述转轴(10)穿插于所述定子(20)的中心孔内，其特征在于，
    所述定子(20)包括依次同轴连接的主动轴向控制磁环(21)、第一永磁体(22)、径向导磁环(23)、第二永磁体(24)以及被动轴向控制导磁环(25)；
    所述转轴(10)上形成有推力盘(11)、径向转子叠片(12)以及被动转子齿(13)，所述径向转子叠片(12)位于所述推力盘(11)和所述被动转子齿(13)之间；
    所述主动轴向控制磁环(21)内侧开设有环形凹槽，部分所述推力盘(11)位于所述环形凹槽内，并与所述环形凹槽内壁之间形成轴向气隙(111)，所述环形凹槽的槽底设置有与所述主动轴向控制磁环(21)同轴设置的轴向线圈(26)；
    所述径向导磁环(23)内设置有径向定子铁芯(27)，所述径向定子铁芯(27)上形成多个定子齿，多个所述定子齿围绕所述径向转子叠片(12)周向均匀分布，每个所述定子齿上均设置有径向线圈(28)，所述定子齿与所述径向转子叠片(12)之间形成径向气隙(271)；
    所述第一永磁体(22)和所述第二永磁体(24)的磁极方向相反；
    所述被动轴向控制导磁环(25)与所述被动转子齿(13)相对应，并形成被动齿部气隙(251)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述径向导磁环(23)和所述第二永磁体(24)之间设置有导磁连接环(29)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述径向导磁环(23)、径向定子铁芯(27)以及径向转子叠片(12)由硅钢片制成；
    所述主动轴向控制磁环(21)、被动轴向控制导磁环(25)、导磁 连接环(29)、推力盘(11)以及被动转子齿(13)材料为Cr40或DT4；
    所述第一永磁体(22)和所述第二永磁体(24)均由铁氧体永磁材料或稀土永磁材料制成。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述被动轴向控制导磁环(25)具有多个环形磁极(252)，所述被动转子齿(13)的数量与所述环形磁极(252)的数量相等，多个所述环形磁极(252)与多个所述被动转子齿(13)一一对应设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述环形磁极(252)的轴向厚度小于或等于所述推力盘(11)轴向厚度的三分之一。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述径向气隙(271)的尺寸范围为0.1mm～0.6mm，所述被动齿部气隙(251)的尺寸为所述径向气隙(271)的尺寸的2.5倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(22)的厚度为所述第二永磁体(24)厚度的2倍以上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述推力盘(11)和所述被动转子齿(13)均与所述转轴(10)一体成型，所述径向转子叠片(12)嵌在所述转轴(10)上开设的环形凹槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述推力盘(11)和所述被动转子齿(13)的外径均大于所述转轴(10)的外径，所述径向转子叠片(12)的外径等于所述转轴(10)的外径。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的主被动磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(22)和所述第二永磁体(24)的S极相对设置。
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