WO2021205103A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un câble résistant et/ou retardant au feu - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un câble résistant et/ou retardant au feu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021205103A1 WO2021205103A1 PCT/FR2021/050588 FR2021050588W WO2021205103A1 WO 2021205103 A1 WO2021205103 A1 WO 2021205103A1 FR 2021050588 W FR2021050588 W FR 2021050588W WO 2021205103 A1 WO2021205103 A1 WO 2021205103A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- electrically conductive
- fibrous material
- geopolymer composition
- approximately
- Prior art date
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- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005653 propylene-ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
- H01B13/221—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers filling-up interstices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
- H01B13/26—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by winding, braiding or longitudinal lapping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/322—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed parts being elongated inserts, e.g. cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2713/00—Use of textile products or fabrics for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3462—Cables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00844—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for electronic applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element, at least one composite layer surrounding said elongated electrically conductive element, said composite layer comprising a non-woven fibrous material impregnated with a geopolymer material, and at at least one polymeric sheath surrounding said composite layer, said method employing a plastic tube to facilitate the extrusion of said polymeric sheath around the composite layer.
- retardant and / or fire-resistant cables intended for energy transport and / or data transmission such as retardant and / or fire-resistant electrical and / or optical security cables.
- halogen-free capable of operating for a given period of time under fire conditions without being a fire propagator or generating significant smoke.
- These safety cables are in particular medium voltage power transmission cables (especially 6 to 45-60 kV) or low frequency transmission cables, such as control or signal cables.
- a method of manufacturing a fire resistant cable comprising the following steps: a step of preparing a geopolymer composition; a step of winding a nonwoven fibrous material around at least one metallic conductor, a step of impregnating the metallic conductor / nonwoven fibrous material in the previously prepared geopolymer composition, a step of curing the geopolymer composition for forming a composite layer comprising said nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with a geopolymer material and surrounding the metallic conductor, then a step of hot extrusion of a polymer sheath around the composite layer.
- the geopolymer composition on the surface of the nonwoven material is still liquid, it then flows into the metal parts of the extruder, hardens, and turns at least partly into ceramic, causing the obstructing or plugging the extrusion head, and preventing extrusion of the polymer jacket around the composite layer.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks, and to provide a method of manufacturing a fire retardant cable, said method being easy to implement, in particular easily industrializable, economical and rapid, and in particular making it possible to facilitate the step of extruding the polymer sheath around the composite layer based on geopolymer.
- the first object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element, at least one composite layer surrounding said elongated electrically conductive element, said composite layer comprising a nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with a material.
- geopolymer and at least one polymer sheath surrounding said composite layer, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: i) passing through a plastic tube a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element, and at least a nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with a geopolymer composition surrounding said elongated electrically conductive member, and ii) extruding a polymer sheath using an extruder comprising at least one extruder head provided with a die and a punch, said method being characterized in that part of said plastic tube is inserted into the extruder head and is configured e to avoid contact between the geopolymer composition and the punch of the extruder head.
- the process of the invention is rapid, easy to implement, in particular from an industrial standpoint, economically, and it guarantees the production of a fire resistant and / or retardant cable having good mechanical properties, in particular in terms of flexibility and durability.
- the method of the invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to facilitate the shaping of the nonwoven fibrous material around the elongated electrically conductive element, to improve the impregnation of the nonwoven fibrous material by the geopolymer composition, and also to avoid ceramification of the geopolymer composition within the extruder head, thus facilitating the extrusion of the polymer sheath around the composite layer based on geopolymer.
- Step i) makes it possible to place or introduce into a plastic tube the cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element and at least one nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with a geopolymer composition surrounding said elongated electrically conductive element.
- This step of confining said cable within said plastic tube makes it possible, on the one hand, to facilitate the shaping of the non-woven fibrous material around the elongated electrically conductive element, and on the other hand, to improve the impregnation of the material. nonwoven fibrous material by the geopolymer composition.
- the plastic tube surrounds the cable, and in particular surrounds the nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with said geopolymer composition.
- the tube of the invention is made of plastic in order in particular to prevent the adhesion of the geopolymer composition to said tube. Moreover, the plastic tube being less good thermal conductor than the metal, this makes it possible to avoid setting of the geopolymer material at the interface (i.e. to prevent the geopolymer composition from drying too quickly at the interface).
- thermostable thermoplastic polymers that is to say stable at a temperature greater than or equal to approximately 250 ° C
- PEEK polyaryletherketones
- PEEK polyetheretherketones
- PEKEKK polyetherketonketones
- PEK polyetherketones
- PEEKK polyetherketonketones
- PEKEKK polyetherketoneetherketonketones
- PES polyetherketoneetherketonketones
- PA polyamide-imides
- PAI polyamide-imides
- VdF-TrFE polyvinylidene and trifluoroethylene
- PVdF-HFP hexafluoropropene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- FEP hexafluoropropylene
- ETFE ETFE
- the polymer material is preferably chosen from polyaryletherketones, and particularly preferably is chosen from PEEKs.
- the polymer material thus chosen has the advantage of having surface and / or physicochemical properties adapted to facilitate step i), in particular said polymer material has no roughness, and has a high chemical inertia, and / or ease of machining.
- the plastic tube is preferably an airtight tube.
- the plastic tube is impermeable to the geopolymer composition impregnating said nonwoven fibrous material.
- the plastic tube is a hollow cylinder. It is defined by an external diameter "Dext” and an internal diameter "Dint”.
- Said plastic tube preferably has a thickness conditioned by the difference between the external diameter of the cable used in step i) and the internal diameter of the extruder head. This thickness is therefore chosen as a function of the external diameter of the cable used in step i), and of the internal diameter of the extruder head used. The thickness is defined by the difference between the external diameter of the “Dext” tube and the internal diameter of the “Dint” tube so that “Dint” is strictly greater than the external diameter of the cable used in step i) and “Dext Is strictly less than the internal diameter of the extruder head.
- the plastic tube is configured so that the distance “d” between the external surface of the nonwoven fibrous material and the internal surface of said tube is at most approximately 1 mm, and particularly preferably at most about 0.5 mm.
- the conformation of the nonwoven fibrous material around the elongated electrically conductive element is maintained (ie the nonwoven material surrounding the electrically elongated element. elongated conductor cannot open), and impregnation of the nonwoven fibrous material with the geopolymer composition facilitated.
- the homogeneity of the composite layer around the elongated electrically conductive member is also improved.
- the distance "d" is preferably at least about 0.2 mm, and more preferably at least about 0.3 mm.
- the tube has another part which is not inserted into the extruder head.
- This other part preferably has a length of at least about 100 mm. This thus facilitates the removal or removal of the tube from the extruder head.
- the presence of the plastic insert makes it possible to avoid any contact between the geopolymer composition and the punch of the extruder head.
- the plastic insert preferably has a shape similar to that of the punch and particularly preferably has a conical shape.
- Step i) is preferably carried out at room temperature (i.e. 18-
- step i) is carried out at a speed ranging from 20 to 280 m / min approximately, and preferably ranging from 50 to 150 m / min approximately.
- the fibrous nonwoven material preferably has a soft and flexible structure.
- the cellulosic materials can be chosen from paper, in particular blotting paper; non-woven materials made from functionalized or non-functionalized cellulose; matrices with a cellular and / or fibrous structure made from natural fibers of cellulose acetate.
- the nonwoven fibrous material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- the nonwoven fibrous material preferably has a basis weight ranging from 50 to 120 g / cm 2 approximately. This thus makes it possible to obtain a composite layer which is sufficiently flexible to be able to be handled easily, and sufficiently robust to obtain good fire protection.
- the nonwoven fibrous material represents from 2 to 95% by weight approximately, particularly preferably from 5 to 45% by weight approximately, and even more preferably from 10 to 35% by weight approximately, relative to the total weight of the composite layer.
- the nonwoven fibrous material is preferably in the form of a ribbon or a strip. This thus makes it possible to facilitate step i).
- the geopolymer composition used in step i) is preferably a liquid geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition of step i) is preferably an aluminosilicate geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition of the invention is particularly preferably a geopolymer composition comprising water, silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), oxygen (O), and at least one element chosen from among potassium (K), sodium (Na), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), and calcium (Ca), and preferably chosen from potassium (K) and sodium (Na).
- the geopolymer composition can in particular comprise at least a first aluminosilicate, at least a first alkali silicate, water, and optionally an alkaline base.
- the first aluminosilicate can be chosen from metakaolins (ie calcined kaolins), fly ash (well known under the anglicism "fly ash”), blast furnace slag (well known by the anglicism "blast furnace slag”), swelling clays such as bentonite, calcined clays, any type of compound comprising aluminum and silica fume, zeolites, and a mixture thereof.
- metakaolins are preferred, in particular those marketed by the company Imérys.
- the geopolymer composition may comprise from 5 to 50% by weight approximately of aluminosilicate, and preferably from 10 to 35% by weight approximately of aluminosilicate, relative to the total weight of the geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition can further comprise a second aluminosilicate different from the first aluminosilicate.
- the geopolymer composition comprises two calcined kaolins having different calcination temperatures.
- the geopolymer composition comprises a first metakaolin chosen from kaolins calcined at a temperature T ci of at least 650 ° C approximately, and a second metakaolin chosen from kaolins calcined at a temperature T C 2 such as T C 2 - T ci 3 approximately 100 ° C, at least a first alkali silicate, water, and optionally an alkaline base.
- T C 2 such as T C 2 - T ci 3 approximately 100 ° C
- the geopolymer composition can then exhibit improved mechanical properties, in particular in terms of flexibility and durability, while ensuring good reaction and fire resistance properties.
- the first metakaolin is a kaolin calcined at a temperature T ci of at least approximately 700 ° C, and preferably of at least 725 ° C approximately.
- the first metakaolin is a kaolin calcined at a temperature T ci of at most 875 ° C approximately, and preferably at most 825 ° C approximately.
- the first metakaolin may comprise at most 60 mol% approximately, and preferably at most 50 mol% approximately, of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), relative to the total number of moles of the first metakaolin.
- Al2O3 aluminum oxide
- the first metakaolin can comprise at least 35 mol% approximately, and preferably at least 45 mol% approximately of silicon oxide (S1O2), relative to the total number of moles of the first metakaolin.
- the first metakaolin may comprise at most 75 mol% approximately, and preferably at most 65 mol% approximately, of silicon oxide (S1O2), relative to the total number of moles of the first metakaolin.
- the metakaolins sold by the company Imérys, in particular that marketed under the reference PoleStar ® 450.
- the first metakaolin can be chosen from kaolins calcined at T ci as defined in the invention, for at least approximately 1 min, preferably for at least approximately 10 min, particularly preferably for a period ranging from approximately 30 min. at 8 h, and more particularly preferably for a period ranging from approximately 2 h to 6 h.
- the second metakaolin is preferably chosen from kaolins calcined at a temperature T C 2 such that T C 2 - T ci > 150 ° C approximately, particularly preferably such that T C 2 - T ci > 200 ° C approximately, and more particularly preferably such that T C 2 - T ci > 250 ° C approximately.
- the second metakaolin is a kaolin calcined at a temperature T C 2 of at least 800 ° C approximately, preferably at least 850 ° C approximately, and particularly preferably of at least about 900 ° C.
- the second metakaolin is a kaolin calcined at a temperature T C 2 of at most 1200 ° C approximately, and preferably at most 1150 ° C approximately.
- the second metakaolin may comprise at least 20 mol% approximately, and preferably at least 30 mol% approximately, of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), relative to the total number of moles of the second metakaolin.
- Al2O3 aluminum oxide
- the second metakaolin can comprise at most 60 mol% approximately, and preferably at most 50 mol% approximately, of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), relative to the total number of moles of the second metakaolin.
- Al2O3 aluminum oxide
- the second metakaolin can comprise at least 35 mol% approximately, and preferably at least 45 mol% approximately of silicon oxide (S1O2), relative to the total number of moles of the second metakaolin.
- the second metakaolin can comprise at most 75% by mole approximately, and preferably at most 65% by mole approximately of silicon oxide (S1O2), relative to the total number of moles of the second metakaolin.
- the second metakaolin can be chosen from kaolins calcined at T C 2 as defined in the invention, for at least approximately 1 min, preferably for at least approximately 5 min, particularly preferably for a period ranging from approximately 10 min to 2 h, and more particularly preferably for a period ranging from approximately 15 min to 1 h.
- the mass ratio [first metakaolin / second metakaolin] in the geopolymer composition is preferably from 0.1 to 2 approximately, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 1.0 approximately, and more particularly preferably is approximately 1. .
- the geopolymer composition can comprise from 5 to 50% by weight approximately, and preferably from 10 to 35% by weight approximately of first and second metakaolins, relative to the total weight of the geopolymer composition.
- the first and second metakaolins can be analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) [absence or presence of a point or peak of crystallization], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [ 27 Al NMR spectrum], and / or X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- DTA differential thermal analysis
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the first metakaolin preferably exhibits a crystallization peak by differential thermal analysis, particularly preferably at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1060 ° C, and more particularly preferably at a temperature ranging from 950 to 1010 ° C.
- the second metakaolin preferably comprises mullite.
- the alkali metal silicates marketed by the company Silmaco or by the company PQ corporation are preferred.
- the first alkali silicate is preferably sodium silicate.
- the first alkali silicate may have an S1O2 / M2O molar ratio ranging from 1.1 to about 35, preferably from 1.3 to 10 about, and particularly preferably from 1.4 to about 5, with M being an atom of sodium or potassium, and preferably a sodium atom.
- the geopolymer composition can comprise from 5 to 60% by weight approximately, and preferably from 10 to 50% by weight approximately of first alkali silicate, relative to the total weight of the geopolymer composition.
- the second alkali silicate can be chosen from sodium silicates, potassium silicates, and one of their mixtures.
- the alkali metal silicates marketed by the company Silmaco or by the company PQ Corporation are preferred.
- the second alkali silicate is preferably sodium silicate.
- a second alkali silicate having an SiC / M 2 O molar ratio greater than 2.6, preferably ranging from 2.8 to 4.5 approximately, and particularly preferably ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 approximately, being understood that M 'is identical to M.
- the geopolymer composition can comprise from 10 to 60% by weight approximately, and preferably from 20 to 50% by weight approximately of first and second alkali silicates, relative to the total weight of the geopolymer composition.
- the mass ratio [first alkali silicate / second alkali silicate] in the geopolymer composition preferably ranges from 0.5 to 2.5, and particularly preferably from 0.8 to 2.0.
- the alkaline base can be sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide, and preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the geopolymer composition can be free from alkaline base. This thus makes it possible to improve the handling of the geopolymer composition, in particular during the preparation of a cable.
- the geopolymer composition can further comprise one or more additives chosen from:
- polystyrene-butadiene copolymer SBR
- EBS styrene-butadiene-ethylene copolymer
- derivatives of styrene-ethylene copolymers in particular those marketed by Kraton such as a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) copolymer, a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer, a styrene-isoprene copolymer styrene (SIS), a styrene-propylene-ethylene copolymer (EPS) or a styrene
- polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene or polyethylene fibers (eg high density polyethylene or HDPE fibers), aramids, and technical glass fibers coated with silicone or an organic polymer of polyethylene type
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- an agent delaying setting in mass in particular chosen from ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, borax, lignosulphonates and in particular metal salts of calcium lignosulphonates, celluloses such as carboxymethyl hydroethyl cellulose, sulfoalkylated lignins such as, for example, sulfomethylated lignin, hydroxycarboxylic acids, copolymers of salts of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid or maleic acid, and saturated salts,
- a starch plasticizer in particular chosen from a metal stearate, a polyethylene glycol, an ethylene glycol, a polyol such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol or an oligomer of one of these polyols, a sucrose such as glucose or fructose, a plasticizer containing amide groups, and any type of plasticizer based on modified polysaccharide (s), - an expanded carbonaceous material such as an expanded graphite.
- a starch plasticizer in particular chosen from a metal stearate, a polyethylene glycol, an ethylene glycol, a polyol such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol or an oligomer of one of these polyols, a sucrose such as glucose or fructose, a plasticizer containing amide groups, and any type of plasticizer
- the dye is preferably a liquid dye at room temperature (i.e. at 18-25 ° C).
- the geopolymer composition may comprise from 0.01 to 15% by weight approximately of additive (s), and preferably from 0.5 to 8% by weight approximately of additive (s), relative to the total weight of the composition. geopolymer.
- the nonwoven fibrous material becomes impregnated with the liquid geopolymer composition, but due to its low viscosity, drip effects are observed.
- the geopolymer upon contact with a hot metal surface turns into a rigid ceramic.
- a compact ceramic block is then built up in the extruder head, which ends up obstructing the passage of the cable.
- the plastic tube the geopolymer composition is transported in the cable thanks to the non-woven fibrous material which, after a few hours, becomes a cohesive and protective layer against fire.
- step ii) can make it possible to ensure the mechanical integrity of the cable. We can then speak of a protective sheath.
- the cable can then comprise at least one elongated electrically conductive element, the composite layer surrounding said elongated electrically conductive element, and at least one polymer sheath surrounding said composite layer.
- Step ii) is preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from 140 ° C to 225 ° C approximately, and particularly preferably ranging from 170 ° C to 210 ° C approximately.
- Step ii) preferably uses a distributor configured to allow the passage between the punch and the die of the extruder head, of at least one molten polymer material capable of forming the polymer sheath.
- Step ii) can be performed automatically.
- Step ii) is carried out at a speed ranging from 20 to 280 m / min approximately, and preferably ranging from 50 to 150 m / min approximately.
- organic or inorganic polymer is not limiting and these are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the organic or inorganic polymer is chosen from crosslinked and non-crosslinked polymers.
- the organic or inorganic polymer can be a homo- or a co-polymer having thermoplastic and / or elastomeric properties.
- the inorganic polymers can be polyorganosiloxanes.
- the organic polymers can be polyurethanes or polyolefins.
- the polyolefins can be chosen from polymers of ethylene and propylene.
- ethylene polymers such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), copolymers of 'ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), copolymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethyl acrylate (2HEA), ethylene copolymers and alpha-olefins such as for example polyethylene-octene (PEO), copolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPR), terpolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPT) such as for example terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or a of their mixtures.
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- MDPE medium density polyethylene
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- EVA cop
- the polymer sheath can also comprise an inert filler, in particular chosen from talc, micas, dehydrated clays and one of their mixtures.
- the method may further comprise before step i), a step iO) of manufacturing the cable comprising at least said elongated electrically conductive element and at least said nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with the geopolymer composition surrounding said elongated electrically conductive element.
- Step iO) is preferably carried out at ambient temperature (approximately 18-25 ° C.).
- Step iO) can in particular comprise the following sub-steps: a) preparing a geopolymer composition, b) applying a nonwoven fibrous material around a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element, and c) impregnating the cable / nonwoven fibrous material assembly with said geopolymer composition.
- Sub-step a) is generally carried out at a high pH, in particular varying from 10 to 13.
- Sub-step a) preferably comprises the following sub-steps: a1) the preparation of an aqueous solution of the first alkali silicate, and a2) the mixture of the first aluminosilicate in powder form with the aqueous solution of alkali silicate prepared in the previous sub-step a1).
- the aqueous solution of the first alkali silicate can be prepared by mixing silicon dioxide S1O2 or an alkali silicate with an MOH base in which M is K or Na.
- the silicon dioxide S1O2 can be chosen from silica fume (i.e. fumed silica), quartz, and their mixtures.
- the sub-step a) of preparation of the geopolymer composition can comprise the mixture of said first aluminosilicate and optionally of said second aluminosilicate, with said first alkali silicate, optionally said second alkali silicate, water, and optionally the alkaline base.
- the sub-step a) comprises the following sub-steps: a1 ′) the mixing of the first and second alkali metal silicates, in particular with stirring, a2 ′) optionally the addition of an alkaline base, in particular while maintaining agitation, and a3 ′) adding the first and second metakaolins, in particular while maintaining agitation.
- a fluid and homogeneous solution is preferably obtained.
- Such a mass ratio makes it possible to have a geopolymer composition that is fluid enough to allow it to be handled, and the solidification kinetics of which are slow enough to allow the formation of a composite cable layer as defined below.
- the solid matter / water mass ratio in said geopolymer composition can make it possible to determine the solidification kinetics of said geopolymer composition.
- Sub-step a) is preferably carried out at ambient temperature (approximately 18-25 ° C.).
- Sub-step b) allows the application of the nonwoven material around the elongated electrically conductive element, in particular to form a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element and a nonwoven fibrous material surrounding said elongate electrically conductive element.
- the fibrous nonwoven material is in the form of a web or ribbon. This thus makes it possible to facilitate sub-step b).
- the nonwoven fibrous material can be applied either directly around one or more elongated conductive elements, or around an inner layer of said cable which is itself around one or more elongated conductive elements.
- the winding can be longitudinal (i.e. along the longitudinal axis of the cable or in other words in the direction of the length of the cable) or helical, and preferably longitudinal.
- the longitudinal winding makes it possible to reduce the cost of producing the cable.
- the longitudinal winding can also be carried out with overlap zones, the overlap zone (s) representing approximately 10 to 20%.
- Sub-step b) can be performed manually or automatically, and preferably automatically.
- Sub-step b) can be carried out by passing the nonwoven fibrous material through a tightening device or a shaping device (also designated by the terms “trumpet” or “shaping nonwoven fibrous material”).
- the cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element also passes through the tightening device during sub-step b).
- This device is a mechanical device which continuously wraps the tape around the elongated electrically conductive element. This thus makes it possible to facilitate the longitudinal winding of the tape around the cable.
- Sub-step b) is preferably carried out at ambient temperature (approximately 18-25 ° C.).
- Sub-step c) consists in impregnating the cable / nonwoven fibrous material assembly.
- Sub-step c) can be performed manually or automatically, and preferably automatically.
- Sub-step c) is preferably carried out by coating soaking.
- Sub-step c) can for example be carried out using an impregnation bath or tank comprising the geopolymer composition in which the cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element and a surrounding non-woven fibrous material is passed. said elongated electrically conductive element.
- the impregnation bath or tank is preferably configured to allow the cable of sub-step b) to pass through said impregnation bath.
- the geopolymer composition thus obtained during sub-step a) is then placed in said impregnation bath, to enable sub-step c).
- the impregnation bath or tank is preferably supplied with the geopolymer composition, in particular using means such as a pump. This thus makes it possible to continuously supply said bath or tank with geopolymer composition.
- the impregnation sub-step c) is carried out at a temperature ranging from 15 ° C to 40 ° C approximately, and particularly preferably from 20 ° C to 30 ° C approximately .
- the plastic tube is preferably connected to the impregnation bath or tank, for example with mechanical means.
- the impregnated cable passes through said plastic tube.
- Step i) preferably uses an extension tube directly connected to the impregnation bath.
- the cable therefore leaves the impregnation bath to pass into the plastic tube via this extension tube.
- the tube is held in place in the extruder head by means of two plastic rings.
- the resulting cable is held in place in the extruder head by means of two plastic rings.
- the composite layer is preferably a retardant and / or fire resistant layer.
- the composite layer preferably has a thickness ranging from approximately 0.2 to 3 mm, and more preferably ranging from approximately 0.5 to 1 mm.
- the thermal protection of the cable obtained according to the method of the invention is not sufficient.
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably a banded layer (i.e. in the form of a ribbon or a strip).
- the composite layer can in particular comprise 2 to 3 superimposed tapes.
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably non-porous.
- the composite layer is preferably an internal layer of said cable.
- the term “internal layer” is understood to mean a layer which does not constitute the outermost layer of the cable.
- the composite layer preferably comprises at least one geopolymer material and the nonwoven fibrous material as defined in the invention.
- the geopolymer composition as defined in the invention is suitable for forming said geopolymer material.
- the ingredients of the geopolymer composition can therefore undergo polycondensation to form said geopolymeric material.
- the hardening takes place by internal reaction of the polycondensation type.
- the hardening is not, for example, the result of simple drying, as is generally the case for binders based on alkali silicates.
- geopolymeric materials result from a reaction of mineral polycondensation by alkaline activation, called geosynthesis, as opposed to traditional hydraulic binders in which hardening is the result of hydration of calcium aluminates and calcium silicates.
- the expression “geopolymer material” means a solid material comprising silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), oxygen (O) and at least one element chosen from potassium (K). , sodium (Na), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs) and calcium (Ca), and preferably chosen from potassium (K), and sodium (Na).
- the geopolymer material can be an aluminosilicate geopolymer material.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer material can be chosen from the poly (sialates) corresponding to the formula (I) M n (-Si-0- Al-0-) n [(M) -PS] and having an equal Si / Al molar ratio to 1, the poly (sialate-siloxos) corresponding to the formula (II) Mn (-Si-OAI-OSi-0-) n [(M) -PPS] and having an Si / Al molar ratio equal to 2, the poly (sialate-disiloxos) corresponding to the formula (III) M n (-Si-0-Al-0-Si-0-Si-0) n [(M) -PSDS] and having an equal Si / Al molar ratio to 3, and other poly (sialates) of Si / Al ratio> 3, the aforementioned poly (sialates) comprising an alkali metal cation M chosen from K, Na, Li, Cs and one
- the geopolymer material represents from 5 to 98% by weight approximately, preferably from 55 to 95% by weight approximately, and more preferably from 65 to 90% by weight approximately, relative to the total weight of the composite layer.
- the cable obtained according to a process in accordance with the invention satisfies at least one of the standards for reaction or non-propagation to fire chosen from standards EN 60332-1, EN 60332-3, and EN 50399 (2012/02 + Al 2016); and preferably to standard EN 50399 (2012/02 + A1 2016), in particular to the B2ca, sla, dO, al classification criteria of said standard, and possibly to standards EN 60332-1 and EN 60332-3.
- the composite layer may then surround the plurality of elongate electrically conductive elements of the cable.
- the cable can comprise a single composite layer as defined in the invention or a plurality of composite layers as defined in the invention.
- the method can further comprise the repetition of steps a) to c), as many times as there are composite layers to be applied.
- the cable comprises a single composite layer, and more particularly preferably a single internal composite layer.
- the cable obtained according to the method of the invention further comprises one or more layers interposed between the elongated electrically conductive element and the composite layer as defined in the invention.
- the cable comprises: a plurality of electrically conductive elements, each of said electrically conductive elements being surrounded by a polymer layer, in particular electrically insulating, to form a plurality of isolated electrically conductive elements ,
- the expression “continuous process” means that the process is carried out on a single production line, and / or without stages of rest, collection, or recovery.
- the nonwoven fibrous material may be placed on a dispenser such as an unwinder or unwinder, and said material may be dispensed or unwound continuously to implement at least steps iO), i) and ii ).
- the sub-step b) is carried out by passing the nonwoven fibrous material in the form of a ribbon in the tightening or shaping device through which a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element runs. , then the cable thus obtained passes into the bath or impregnation tank comprising the geopolymer composition according to sub-step c), then the cable thus impregnated leaves the impregnation tank and enters the plastic tube according to step i), part of said tube being inserted into the extruder head. Finally, the cable confined in said tube is brought into the die of the extruder head, in order to allow the extrusion of the polymer sheath around the cable according to step ii).
- the distributor delivers the nonwoven fibrous material at a speed V (in km / min).
- the cable running speed in sub-step c) and steps i) and ii) ranges from approximately 10 m / min to 600 m / min, preferably ranges from approximately 20 m / min to approximately 280 m / min, and more preferably from 50 m / min to 200 m / min approximately, and particularly preferably from 50 m / min to 150 m / min approximately.
- the process according to the invention is rapid, simple and advantageous from an economic point of view. It makes it possible to manufacture in a few steps a cable having good mechanical properties, in particular in terms of flexibility and durability, while guaranteeing good fire resistance performance.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of an electric cable as obtained according to the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents several 3D views of the arrangement of the various parts used in the method of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a cross section of part of the extruder during the process of the invention.
- the 10A electric cable illustrated in figure 1, corresponds to a fire-resistant electric cable of type K25 or RZ1K.
- This electrical cable 10A comprises four elongated electrically conductive elements 100, each being insulated with an electrically insulating layer 200, and, successively and coaxially around these four isolated elongated electrically conductive elements (100, 200), a composite layer 300 as defined in the invention surrounding the four elongated insulated electrically conductive elements (100, 200), and an outer sheath 400 of the HFFR type surrounding the composite layer 300 as defined in the invention.
- FIG. 2 is illustrated a schematic view of the method according to the invention implemented continuously.
- a nonwoven fibrous material 1 in the form of a ribbon is placed on a winder 2, unwound and fed to a tightening device 3 through which a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element 4 (cable naked 4) scrolls, in order to allow the longitudinal winding of the tape 1 around the cable 4.
- a tightening device 3 through which a cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element 4 (cable naked 4) scrolls, in order to allow the longitudinal winding of the tape 1 around the cable 4.
- Cable 8 confined in the material tube plastic 9 is thus brought into the die 14 of the extruder head 11 via the punch 13, in order to allow the extrusion of the polymer sheath around the cable while avoiding any contact of the geopolymer composition with the punch 13 and the metal tools of the extruder head [step ii)].
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the extruder and shows the arrangement of the different parts during the extrusion of the sheath when the method of the invention is implemented.
- Figure 4 shows an impregnated cable 8 comprising an elongated electrically conductive element 4, and the composite layer (1, 7) obtained from a non-woven fibrous material 1 impregnated with a geopolymer composition 7 surrounding said electrically element.
- elongated conductor 4 The composite layer (1, 7) is surrounded by the plastic tube 9, and the plastic tube 9 (eg PEEK tube) is connected at its end to a plastic insert 12 (eg insert in PEEK) configured to fit the punch 13 of the extruder head.
- the plastic tube 9 eg PEEK tube
- the impregnated cable 8 confined in the plastic tube 9 is thus brought into the die 14 of the extruder head via the punch 13, in order to allow the extrusion of the material 16 of the polymer sheath around the cable while avoiding any contact. of the geopolymer composition 7 with the punch 13 and the metal tools of the extruder head [step ii)].
- Example 1 preparation of a fire retardant cable according to a process according to the invention
- a geopolymer composition was prepared as follows: an aqueous solution of alkali silicates was prepared by mixing 40 g of a 50% by weight aqueous solution of a first sodium silicate and 40 g of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. 38% by weight of a second sodium silicate. Then, 10 g of a first metakaolin and 10 g of a second metakaolin were mixed with the aqueous solution of alkali silicates. Said geopolymer composition comprises approximately 55.2% by weight of solids, relative to the total weight of said geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition thus obtained is placed in an impregnation bath configured to allow the cable to pass through said impregnation bath.
- a low voltage cable comprises five copper conductors with a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 , each of the conductors being surrounded with an electrically insulating layer based on XLPE, is previously manufactured.
- a nonwoven fibrous polyester material in the form of a ribbon is placed on a winder, unwound at a speed of about 100 m / min and fed into a tightening device through which said low tension cable runs, in order to allow the longitudinal winding of the tape around the cable.
- said cable is brought to an impregnation bath comprising said geopolymer composition at a speed of approximately 100 m / min.
- the cable thus impregnated passes through a PEEK tube comprising at one end a conically shaped insert made of PEEK, said tube being partly inserted into an extruder head provided with a die and a conical shaped punch.
- the cable When the cable arrives at the level of the PEEK insert, the cable is then covered by extrusion at a temperature of 198 ° C with a polymer sheath based on an HFFR mixture produced by NEXANS comprising polyethylene and flame retardant fillers.
- the composite layer thus formed has a thickness of 0.5 mm, and said sheath thus formed has a thickness of about 2 mm.
- a cable in accordance with the invention was thus obtained.
- the flame performance of the cable is determined according to standard EN50399. 15 sections of cable positioned on a vertical ladder are exposed to a 20kW flame power for 20 min.
- the acronym HRR corresponds to the English expression “Heat Release Rate” which provides information on the heat flow or the thermal flow
- THR corresponds to the English expression “Total Heat Release” which provides information on the amount of heat released during combustion or the total heat release
- FIGRA corresponds to the English expression “FIre GRowth rAte” which provides information on the rate of fire growth or the acceleration of energy production
- SPR corresponds to the English expression “Smoke Production Rate” which provides information on the speed of smoke production
- TSP corresponds to the English expression "Total Smoke Production” which provides information on the total quantity of smoke produced.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/913,753 US20230109750A1 (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | Method for manufacturing a fire-resistant and/or fire-retardant cable |
BR112022019941A BR112022019941A2 (pt) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | Método para manufatura de um cabo resistente ao fogo e/ou retardador de fogo |
EP21723327.9A EP4132761A1 (fr) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | Procédé de fabrication d'un câble résistant et/ou retardant au feu |
KR1020227038785A KR20220164780A (ko) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | 내화성 및/또는 난연성 케이블의 제조 방법 |
CN202180026628.7A CN115427208A (zh) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | 耐火和/或阻燃缆线的制造方法 |
CONC2022/0015289A CO2022015289A2 (es) | 2020-04-06 | 2022-10-27 | Método para fabricar un cable resistente al fuego y/o retardante al fuego |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2003415 | 2020-04-06 | ||
FR2003415A FR3109014B1 (fr) | 2020-04-06 | 2020-04-06 | Procédé de fabrication d’un câble résistant et/ou retardant au feu |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2021205103A1 true WO2021205103A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 |
Family
ID=71662031
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PCT/FR2021/050588 WO2021205103A1 (fr) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-04-02 | Procédé de fabrication d'un câble résistant et/ou retardant au feu |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230109750A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4132761A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220164780A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN115427208A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112022019941A2 (fr) |
CL (1) | CL2022002736A1 (fr) |
CO (1) | CO2022015289A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3109014B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021205103A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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FR3134647A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-20 | Nexans | matériau pour le renforcement local ou la restauration de la résistance au feu de câbles électriques |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4468435A (en) * | 1973-08-21 | 1984-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Process for the production of highly expanded polyolefin insulated wires and cables |
WO2016092200A1 (fr) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Nexans | Cable ou accessoire pour cable comportant une couche resistante au feu |
WO2016099200A1 (fr) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | 주식회사 케이오씨솔루션 | Feuille de plastique renforcé et procédé de fabrication associé |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3121255A (en) * | 1960-11-18 | 1964-02-18 | Western Electric Co | Apparatus for extruding plastic compounds |
DE1590419B2 (de) * | 1962-07-19 | 1970-11-19 | Schloemann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Anordnung zur Verhinderung von Wärmeschäden an der wärmeempfindlichen Isolierung einer den Hohldorn einer Kabelummantelungspresse d"rchlaufenden Kabelseele |
US3383736A (en) * | 1965-08-19 | 1968-05-21 | Whitney Blake Co | Communication wire extrusion apparatus |
US4585407A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1986-04-29 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Guide for electric cable insulation extrusion head |
DE3568233D1 (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1989-03-16 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | Electrical cable to transport very high current strengths under low tensions, and manufacturing methods for such a cable |
FR2745417B1 (fr) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-05-15 | Fileca Foptica | Procede et installation de fabrication de cables electriques isoles a revetement mince |
-
2020
- 2020-04-06 FR FR2003415A patent/FR3109014B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-04-02 WO PCT/FR2021/050588 patent/WO2021205103A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-04-02 EP EP21723327.9A patent/EP4132761A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-04-02 US US17/913,753 patent/US20230109750A1/en active Pending
- 2021-04-02 CN CN202180026628.7A patent/CN115427208A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-02 BR BR112022019941A patent/BR112022019941A2/pt unknown
- 2021-04-02 KR KR1020227038785A patent/KR20220164780A/ko unknown
-
2022
- 2022-10-05 CL CL2022002736A patent/CL2022002736A1/es unknown
- 2022-10-27 CO CONC2022/0015289A patent/CO2022015289A2/es unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4468435A (en) * | 1973-08-21 | 1984-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Process for the production of highly expanded polyolefin insulated wires and cables |
US4468435C1 (en) * | 1973-08-21 | 2001-06-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Process for the production of highly expanded polyolefin insulated wires and cables |
WO2016092200A1 (fr) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Nexans | Cable ou accessoire pour cable comportant une couche resistante au feu |
US20170345528A1 (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-11-30 | Nexans | Cable or cable accessory comprising a fire-resistant layer |
WO2016099200A1 (fr) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | 주식회사 케이오씨솔루션 | Feuille de plastique renforcé et procédé de fabrication associé |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115427208A (zh) | 2022-12-02 |
FR3109014A1 (fr) | 2021-10-08 |
CL2022002736A1 (es) | 2023-08-25 |
FR3109014B1 (fr) | 2022-04-01 |
US20230109750A1 (en) | 2023-04-13 |
CO2022015289A2 (es) | 2023-01-16 |
EP4132761A1 (fr) | 2023-02-15 |
KR20220164780A (ko) | 2022-12-13 |
BR112022019941A2 (pt) | 2022-12-06 |
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