WO2021197641A1

WO2021197641A1 - Face protection, in particular a protective mask

Info

Publication number: WO2021197641A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/060516
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oliver Salzmann
Original assignee: Krall + Roth Services GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2020-04-03
Filing date: 2020-04-15
Publication date: 2021-10-07
Also published as: DE102020109962A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a respirator mask (1), wherein at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided, wherein the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each comprise at least one respiration-permeable textile sheet material and/or consists of such a textile sheet material and/or is formed by such a textile sheet material, and wherein at least one mask pocket (6) is formed between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) for replaceably receiving at least one filter layer.

Description

Face protection, in particular protective masks

The invention relates to a respiratory protection mask, in particular designed as a half mask, wherein at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer are provided, and wherein the outer layer and the inner layer each have a breathable textile sheet and / or consist of such a sheet and / or formed by such a sheet will.

In addition, the present invention relates to the use of a respiratory protection mask, in particular designed as a half mask, wherein at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer are provided and wherein the outer layer and the inner layer have at least one breath-permeable textile sheet and / or consist of such a sheet and / or is formed by such a sheet.

Depending on which protection goal is being pursued, different respiratory protection masks are used. So-called "mouth and nose protection" (MNS) can be used for patient protection and / or for the protection of medical personnel, for example in initial medical care, outpatient treatment and in hospital care and in nursing care. Mouth and nose protection is used in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask in particular with a microbiological barrier. Wearing the MNS primarily protects against (potentially infectious) droplets of saliva / mucus of the wearer that may be released via the mouth and nose. By wearing MNS, the impact of larger droplets, for example in the sputum of patients, on the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose of the wearer can be effectively prevented. Finally, the wearer's mouth and nose are protected from touch by contaminated hands. The MNS type protective masks currently in use meet standards in accordance with DIN EN 14683, type l-lll and / or ASTMF 2100, level 1 to level 3, for the USA.

In particular, when the wearer of the respiratory mask is to be protected from airborne infections, particle-filtering respiratory masks, in particular also designed as half masks, are used, which serve as respiratory protection against aerosol made of solid or liquid, non-volatile particles. They are tested according to the European standard DIN EN 149 and must have the Meet the requirements of this standard. The standard differentiates between device classes FFP1 and FFP2 and FFP3 depending on the retention capacity of the particle filter. When used correctly, their good retention capacity, even with regard to very small particles, speaks in favor of using particle-filtering full face masks to protect the wearer from airborne infectious agents. The impermeability is decisive for the protective effect of particle-filtering half-face masks. This results from the filter passage and the so-called missed leakage, which is caused by leaks between the sealing line of the mask and the wearer's face. The protective effect increases from an FFP1 mask (total leakage maximum 22%) through an FFP2 mask (total leakage maximum 8%) to an FFP3 mask (total leakage maximum 2%). As the protective effect increases, so does the breathing resistance of the mask. To reduce the exhalation resistance, an exhalation valve is provided so that the particle-filtering whale mask is less stressful for the wearer and is therefore preferred to be used.

Mouth and nose protection and also particle-filtering face masks (FFP) are single-use items that, for hygienic reasons, have to be disposed of correctly after use. Even after a short use of the protective mask, contamination with pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, which are contained in droplets of saliva or mucus of the wearer and are released by the wearer when speaking, shouting or coughing, can occur. Contamination can also occur when the wearer touches the mask if the wearer has previously touched infectious material. Likewise, contamination is likely if the wearer is coughed or sneezed on directly by a fellow human being and droplets of saliva and mucus from the other human thus hit the mouthguard. If the common protective masks are used several times, contrary to their intended purpose, and have been removed from the wearer's face in the meantime, the face of the wearer can easily become contaminated when the protective mask is removed. With a longer period of use, the loading of the protective mask on the inner and outer surfaces with pathogens increases, so that a secondary risk of infection arises from the protective mask. Depending on how much people talk and how damp the mouthguard becomes, it is recommended that the mouthguard be changed at least two to three times a day.

Especially in the case of pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as viral infections, for example COVID-19, one caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused viral disease, but also when such infectious diseases occur epidemically, the need for respiratory masks to protect patients and medical staff increases. In order to break chains of infection, it is recommended that large parts of the population wear a face mask at least when speaking. Since it can take several days to weeks for the first symptoms to appear and many people do not know that they are infected because they have no symptoms, the burden of the pathogen can be minimized by wearing respiratory masks throughout the population. Wearing respiratory masks is therefore seen in the professional world as a useful addition to hygiene measures.

Providing a larger group of people, in particular the entire population, with protective masks, especially in the event of an epidemic or pandemic spread, quickly leads to procurement problems for the masks, which is due in particular to the fact that the available masks are intended for single use.

In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, patterns for self-sewn face mask applications are available. This form of face mask is a simple multi-layer half mask of the MNS type. In the case of individual production on the basis of such patterns, handcrafted individual pieces are produced. The individual production requires craftsmanship and technical understanding of the effect and functionality of the textile inner and outer layers that make up the face mask. In addition, the individual production is not subject to any quality control, whereby manual production by unskilled private individuals can lead to incorrect completion of the masks with negative effects on the retention capacity against pathogens. If, for example, individual mouthguard layers are not properly connected to one another and breathing air can flow past the filter material, the permeability of the mouthguard to breathing air increases when inhaling and exhaling and the risk of contamination of the wearer when wearing such a self-sewn mouthguard increases. Incidentally, a missed leak easily occurs with such self-made mouthguard applications, which can be attributed to leaks between the sealing line of the mask and the wearer's face. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a respiratory mask of the type mentioned at the outset which can help avoid the occurrence of supply bottlenecks when there is a high demand for respiratory masks, for example in the case of epidemics or pandemics, without these being available to withdraw common masks from the market. In addition, the respirator should enable resource-saving requirements to be met, even when there is a high demand for respiratory masks.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a respiratory protection mask which is characterized by a very good separation performance or a high retention capacity against pathogens, in particular against viruses.

In particular, the invention is intended to protect non-infected persons from pathogens, in particular viruses, further in particular the corona virus, by wearing a protective mask that is as effective and efficient as possible. The effect of the protective mask should in particular be to contain, preferably largely exclude, the release of pathogens, for example through the release of sputum and droplets when speaking or coughing. In this context, the invention is based on the object of specifying a protective mask that retains infectious breath or sputum when the mask is worn in the mask and thus contributes to the spread of infectious diseases spread via droplet infections, in particular viral diseases such as COVID-19, to slow down.

In addition, the present invention is based on the object of providing a respiratory protection mask which is very comfortable to wear and easy to use.

In addition, the breathing mask is said to have a significantly lower risk of infection when the breathing mask is used repeatedly and / or the breathing mask is used over a long period of time.

Finally, the invention is based on the object of providing a respiratory protection mask that meets the highest quality requirements and avoids the disadvantages of self-sewn mouthguard applications that are individually produced on the basis of cutting patterns. In particular, it should be possible to manufacture the respiratory protection mask according to the invention in large numbers, with the respiratory protection masks produced having essentially the same or almost identical qualities in terms of appearance, shape and / or size, processing accuracy, separation efficiency, assembly and / or material selection and / or material properties.

The objects outlined above are achieved within the scope of the present invention by a breathing mask with the features of claim 1. Further, advantageous configurations of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

The present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is thus a respiratory protection mask, in particular designed as a half mask, with at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer, the outer layer and the inner layer each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or made of one consists of such a planar structure and / or is formed by such a planar structure and wherein between the outer layer and the inner layer at least one mask pocket for exchangeable accommodation, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, is formed by at least one filter layer. In particular, the respiratory protection mask according to the invention has only two layers (without a filter layer) or three layers (with a filter layer inserted into the mask pocket) and thus has a simple structure.

The respiratory mask according to the invention can, in particular depending on the filter material used for the filter insert, meet the performance requirements for protective masks of the MNS type, further in particular with regard to bacterial filter performance, in accordance with the standards DIN EN 14683, type l-lll and / or ASTMF 2100, level 1 to Level 3, meet. However, it cannot be ruled out that the respirator, by being equipped with an appropriate filter material and, if necessary, with a valve device, also meets the performance requirements for particle-filtering respiratory masks, in particular with regard to total leakage and / or the degree of separation of particles, in accordance with the DIN EN 149 standard, device classes FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 , can meet. The filter layer forms a third, in particular middle, layer of the breathing mask and is arranged between the at least one outer layer and the at least one inner layer. The filter layer can be plugged or inserted into the mask pocket, wherein the filter layer can be, for example, a conventional paper handkerchief or household handkerchief. However, other cloths or materials can also be used, depending on the desired separation performance or retention capacity of the protective mask. In particular, a filter material is suitable which is produced according to a so-called "blow-melt process". Unused parts of disposable masks that meet the standard DIN EN 14683, type l-lll and / or ASTMF 2100, level 1 to level 3, can also be suitable.

In order to produce the filter effect, it goes without saying that the arrangement of the mask pocket on the respirator is provided in such a way that the filter material is in the flow path of the respiratory air and / or ambient air when the respirator is worn or used when inhaling and exhaling and has a filter effect opposite Pathogens, in particular viruses and / or bacteria and / or particles, can meet. In principle, several mask pockets can also be provided.

The filter layer has and / or consists of a filter material to reduce the germ load, in particular the viral load, and / or acts as a microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or particle barrier when the filter layer is exposed to breathing and / or ambient air when worn the respiratory mask according to the invention is flowed through. The filter material is preferably in the form of a sheet-like planar structure. The filter layer increases and / or thus ensures a certain separation capacity or a certain retention capacity against pathogens, in particular viruses, whereby, depending on the choice of filter material, different levels of retention against pathogens can be achieved. After a certain period of use, the filter layer can be exchanged for a new filter layer, the used filter layer preferably being able to be disposed of or also processed for reuse. The respiratory protection mask as such, having the at least one outer layer and the at least one inner layer with the mask pocket formed between the layers, on the other hand, can be reused and equipped with a suitable filter material several times. This increases the total useful life of the respirator according to the invention compared to the usual one for one The use of certain protective masks, in particular of the MNS type, is significantly longer.

The reusability of the protective mask according to the invention can help avoid or at least mitigate supply bottlenecks when there is a high need for respiratory masks, for example in the event of epidemics or pandemics. In addition, the use of reusable respiratory protection masks with exchangeable filter layers can make an important contribution to avoiding waste and protecting resources. By using suitable filter materials, the separation performance or the retention capacity against pathogens can be adjusted as required. The design of the respiratory protection mask from textile flat structures connected to one another allows a high level of comfort and ease of use. In addition, a simple and inexpensive lowering position of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention is possible.

A particularly preferred aspect of the invention is the freeing position of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention by means of series and / or mass production. The respiratory masks according to the invention can thus in particular be the product of a series or mass production process.

The hallmark of series production or mass production is the recurring and targeted creation and / or processing of substantially identically or identically designed respiratory protection masks of the type according to the invention in large numbers, which in total or partial processes to produce half or whole products by the person himself and / or have been generated and processed using machines or directly. In this way, large numbers of respiratory protection masks according to the invention can be produced and brought onto the market in a short period of time, which in particular have the same shape and / or the same size and / or the same quality properties, in particular the same retention capacity against pathogens. In particular, the individual and / or mass production provides preliminary products of the respiratory mask according to the invention, such as the outer layer and the inner layer as well as other applications of the respiratory mask, such as carrying straps or the like, with the same shape, size, quality and / or with the same material properties for a Provide freeing position of the respiratory masks, the final freeing position, namely the joining of the layers to form the mask pocket, by machine or can also be done by hand. The respiratory masks according to the invention can thus be easily assembled and the requirements placed on respiratory masks, in particular according to DIN EN 14683 or also DIN EN 149, can be achieved in a simple manner. In particular, series and / or mass production is not subject to the problems of individual or single production by the wearer of the mask himself, with single and / or mass production being less or even completely independent of the individual's manual skills. In addition to the production of respiratory masks that are comparable or the same in terms of shape, size and / or quality properties of the protective masks, series or mass production allows large numbers of items to be produced in a short period of time.

Slight qualitative deviations and / or deviations in shape and / or size can, however, also be tolerated in the series or mass production of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention and can be attributed to partial production of the masks by manual labor.

As far as the textile fabric is concerned, it is designed as an air-permeable and breath-permeable textile material. Examples of flat textile structures suitable as an outer layer and / or inner layer are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens and textile composites, in particular nonwovens. Nonwovens or nonwovens are particularly preferred.

The term “nonwovens” or “nonwovens” is used in the context of the present invention, in particular, as a designation for flexible, porous sheet-like structures belonging to the textile composites, which are not produced by the classic methods of weaving warp and weft or by loop formation, but rather by intertwining and / or cohesive and / or adhesive connections are made of textile fibers. Nonwovens are generally loose materials made from staple fibers or filaments, in particular from synthetic fibers or man-made fibers (e.g. polypropylene, polyester, viscose, etc.), the cohesion of which is given by the adhesion of the fibers themselves. Here, the individual fibers can have a preferred direction (so-called oriented or cross-ply nonwovens) or they can also be non-directional (so-called random nonwovens). The fleeces can be mechanically strengthened by needling, meshing or by swirling with sharp water jets (so-called spunlaced fleeces). According to the invention particularly suitable nonwovens can be, for example, by spunbonding, meltblow- Method and preferably by electrospinning (cf., for example, US Pat. No. 6,641,773 B2). Adhesively bonded nonwovens are created by gluing the fibers with liquid binders (e.g. acrylate polymers, SBR / NBA, polyvinyl esters or polyurethane dispersions) or by melting or dissolving what are known as binding fibers that are added to the nonwoven during manufacture. In cohesive bonding, the fiber surfaces are loosened by suitable chemicals and bonded by pressure or welded at elevated temperature. Nonwovens made from so-called spunbonded nonwovens, ie flat structures produced by spinning them and then laying them down, inflating or sponging them onto a conveyor belt, are called spunbonded nonwovens. Nonwovens containing additional threads, woven or knitted fabrics are considered to be reinforced nonwovens. Due to the large number of available raw materials, possible combinations and improvement techniques, nonwovens or nonwovens with any, purpose-specific properties can be produced in a targeted manner. Like all textiles, nonwovens can also be subjected to textile finishing processes. For further details on the concept of nonwovens and nonwovens, reference can be made, for example, to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, Volume 6, 1999, pages 4889/4890, keyword: "Nonwovens", the entire disclosure content, including the references cited there, hereby incorporated by reference.

The weight per unit area of the flat structures used according to the invention can vary within wide ranges. In general, the weight per unit area of the planar structures used according to the invention is in the range from 15 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 400 g / m ² , more in particular from 40 to 350 g / m ² . However, depending on the application or in individual cases, it may be advantageous or necessary to deviate from the aforementioned values without departing from the scope of the present invention.

A particularly good retention capacity against pathogens is achieved if a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers, preferably fleece, is used as the outer layer and / or inner layer, the average diameter of which of the textile fibers is at most 100 mΐti, in particular at most 30 miti, preferably at most 20 miti, preferably at most 10 miti, particularly preferably at most 5 miti, very particularly preferably at most 2 miti. In general, the diameter of the textile fibers from which the textile fabric forming the layer consists should be in the range from 0.05 to 50 μm, in particular which are 0.1 to 50 mih, preferably 0.2 to 30 mih, particularly preferably 0.2 to 20 mih, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 mih. Suitable textile fabrics, in particular nonwovens, with the aforementioned textile fiber diameters can be, for. B. in the meltblow or preferably in the electrospinning process.

In particular, the outer layer and / or inner layer is designed as a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers. The individual textile fibers thus limit the meshes (e.g. in the case of woven fabrics) or pores (e.g. in the case of nonwovens). The textile fabric should have a mean pore size or mean mesh size - depending on the type of fabric - of greater than 1 miti, in particular greater than 10 mΐti, preferably greater than 50 mΐti, particularly preferably greater than 100 mΐti, or more than 200 mti. In this way, a good separation rate with regard to particles and aerosols and / or a low breathing resistance can be achieved.

As the applicant surprisingly found out, the separation efficiency of the outer layer and / or inner layer for textile fabrics of the aforementioned type with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers also depends crucially on the ratio of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers away. In general, the ratio or the quotient of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers should be in the range from 0.1 to 2,000, in particular 1 to 500, preferably 5 to 350, particularly preferably 10 to 300, very particularly preferably 25 to 250, vary. In particular, the ratio or the quotient of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers should be at most 2,000, in particular at most 500, preferably at most 350, particularly preferably at most 300, very particularly preferably at most 250. However, the ratio or the quotient of the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers should be at least 0.1, in particular at least 1, preferably at least 5, particularly preferably at least 10, very particularly preferably at least 25, even more preferably at least 40 . In this way, particularly efficient separation rates with regard to pathogens and aerosols are achieved.

As stated above, the outer layer and / or inner layer is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers, preferably a nonwoven. As a textile Fibers Natural fibers, preferably wool or cotton, and / or synthetic fibers (also referred to synonymously as chemical fibers), such as cellulosic fibers, for example viscose fibers, can be used. According to the invention, suitable textile fibers, of which the forming textile fabric consists, are selected, for example, from the group of polyesters (PES); Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (CLF); Polyvinylidene chloride (CLF); Acetate (CA); Triacetate (CTA); Polyacrylic (PAN), polyamide (PA); Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL); Polyurethanes; Polyvinyl esters; (Meth) acrylates; as well as their mixtures. The abovementioned abbreviations for the textile fibers come from DIN 60001-4 (August 1991).

For further details on the term textile fibers - also referred to synonymously as textile fibers - reference can be made, for example, to Römpp Chemielexikon, loc. Cit., Pages 4477 to 4479, keyword: "textile fibers", the entire disclosure content of which, including the references cited there, herewith is incorporated by reference. In particular, in the context of the present invention, the term textile fibers is understood as a collective term for all fibers that can be processed with textiles; What the textile fibers have in common is a large length compared to their cross-section as well as sufficient strength and flexibility, whereby the textile fibers can be divided into different groups according to their origin or material composition.

In order to achieve an efficient separation rate with regard to pathogens, the outer layer and / or inner layer can have an average efficiency E _m according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90 %, very particularly preferably at least 95%. Furthermore, for this purpose, the outer layer and / or inner layer can have an average degree of separation A _m according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, very particularly preferably at least 99 %, exhibit.

The outer layer and / or inner layer is advantageously designed in such a way that, at a flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, it has an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range from 1 to 100 mΐti of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%.

Furthermore, the outer layer and / or inner layer should have an average separation rate for particles and / or aerosols with diameters> 1 mΐti, in particular> 10 mhi, further in particular> 50 mΐti, preferably> 100 mΐti, at a flow velocity of 0.1 m / s at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%.

The thickness of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer should be in the range from 0.001 to 10 mm, in particular 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.01 to 1 mm.

Another object of the invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can optionally also be implemented together with the first aspect of the present invention - is a breathing mask with at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer, the outer layer and / or the inner layer in particular is wash-permanently hydrophobic. The function of the outer layer and / or the inner layer can be improved by means of chemical substances. The penetration of sputum, breath or saliva can be further reduced by means of a hydrophobic finish. Flydrophobing agents suitable for this purpose are well known to the person skilled in the art, for example fluoropolymers, such as fluorocarbon resins etc. In particular, the flydrophobizing agent sold under the brand name "Addiguard C6 / FIFI205" by the company CTF2000, Zele (BE) can be used. The product belongs to the group of fluorocarbons, which denote a group of substances that is mainly composed of perfluorinated carbon chains. The most important property of this fabric is its water-repellent character. Textiles coated with fluorocarbon are water and oil repellent. For example, to make textiles waterproof, copolymers made from perfluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates can be used. These are also derivatives of fluorocarbon. The fluorocarbon coating lets moisture roll off the textile surface and prevents it from being drawn into the fabric and from becoming soaked.

The present invention also relates to a further aspect of the present invention, which may also be implemented together with at least one of the aforementioned aspects of the present invention can - a respiratory protection mask of the type described at the outset, the outer layer and / or the inner layer, in particular, being provided with a biocidal finish, in particular based on silver, so that it is wash-permanent. The growth of accompanying germs such as viruses and / or bacteria can be minimized by means of a biocide treatment. The outer layer and / or the inner layer can be provided with biocidal and / or biostatic equipment or equipment based on catalytically active components. The biocidally or biostatically active catalytically active component can in particular be worked into or incorporated into the textile fabric, in particular into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like formed by the fabric, for example by spinning, extrusion, impregnation processes, chemical or plasma-chemical treatment processes or similar. Metals or metal compounds, in particular from the group of copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium and / or aluminum and their ions and / or salts can be used as the biocidally or biostatically active catalytically active component , preferably copper and silver and their ions and / or salts, particularly preferably from the group of Ag, Ag2O, Cu, CU2O and CuO and mixtures thereof, are used. The amount of catalytically active component, based on the overall layer, can vary in the range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.005 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight. According to the invention, textile fabrics which are acted upon by a biostatically or biocidally acting catalytically active component and which can be used in the context of the present invention are commercially available, e.g. B. from Cupron Corporation, New York (USA), Foss Manufacturing Company Inc., Flampton, New Flampshire (USA) or Noble Fiber Technologies, Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania (USA).

In particular, the product "Ultra-Fresh" from Thomson Research Associates, Inc., Toronta (CA) or the product "Silpure FPR-5 & FPR-6" from Thomson Research Associates, Inc., can be used as a means for a biocidal finish Toronto (CA). The latter product is used for a biocide silver finish in order to minimize the growth of germs such as viruses and / or bacteria.

A further subject matter of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can also be implemented together with at least one of the aforementioned aspects - is a respiratory protection mask from the introduction mentioned type, wherein the outer layer and the inner layer is resistant to hand and / or machine wash with a washing temperature of at least 60 ° C, in particular is machine washable, further in particular according to DIN EN ISO 6330.2013-02 (method 2A = 60 ° C) for at least 5 washing cycles, preferably at least 10 washing cycles, particularly preferably over 20 washing cycles or more. This makes it possible to wash the mask pocket formed from the outer layer and the inner layer after a certain period of use by hand or using a conventional washing machine and thus reduce the germ load on the surface and inside the textile fabric. In this context, the outer layer and the inner layer can more preferably even with a washing temperature of 95 ° C for hand and / or machine wash in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6330: 2013-02 (method 1A = 95 ° C) over at least 5 washing cycles, preferably over at least 10 washing cycles, particularly preferably over 20 washing cycles or more, be material or permanent.

A killing of pathogens can also be achieved through heat treatment. In particular, all components of the respirator according to the invention can therefore be temperature-resistant during heat treatment, for example in a conventional oven, up to 70 ° C., preferably up to 80 ° C., more preferably up to 90 ° C. or even up to 100 ° C. or higher temperatures.

In connection with the washability of the breathing mask, it is further advantageous if the outer layer and / or the inner layer is material-resistant to textile cleaning agents and / or in particular ethanol- or alcohol-based disinfectants. Anionic and non-ionic surfactants can be used as the main constituent of detergents, as well as water softeners, washing alkalis to increase the pH value of the washing liquor, enzymes for removing protein and starchy stains and dirt carriers that keep the loosened dirt in suspension or prevent it that it lies down again on the outer layer and / or the inner layer. Curd soaps and silicones can be used as defoamers. Fragrances can mask an inherent odor.

For all of the aforementioned aspects of the present invention, there is the possibility that several outer layers and / or inner layers are used on top of one another in order to increase the separation efficiency or the retention capacity against pathogens. to improve and to increase the stability of the respirator. In the case of several outer layers and / or inner layers, these can consist of the same or different textile fabrics and / or have such.

The outer layer and the inner layer can be connected to one another at least in sections by means of sewing, pressing, gluing, welding or embroidering, in particular to form the mask pocket. The outer layer and inner layer are preferably sewn to one another, in particular on the outer edges of the layers, so that simple and inexpensive manufacture of the protective mask is possible.

The outer layer and the inner layer can consist of separate flat pieces or have such flat pieces, wherein, preferably, the flat pieces are formed by different textile flat structures. To form the mask pocket, the flat pieces are then connected to one another in sections, in particular at the outer edges. It is not excluded, however, that the outer layer and the inner layer consist of a flat piece of a textile fabric or have such a flat piece, the flat piece being folded over on itself to form the mask pocket and then the folded areas being connected, in particular at the edges.

Furthermore, in particular, the outer layer and the inner layer can consist of and / or have different textile fabrics. The outer layer can in particular have a greater weight per unit area and / or a smaller mean pore or mesh size of the pores or meshes delimited by textile fibers and / or textile fibers with a smaller mean diameter and / or a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019 -10 and / or have a greater breathing resistance according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 than the inner layer. A functionally optimized construction of the breathing mask can thus be achieved, the outer layer being provided in particular as a stability-providing part of the breathing mask and the inner layer being provided to complete the mask pocket.

For introducing, in particular plugging in or inserting, the filter material into the mask pocket, the mask pocket has at least one opening. The mask pocket can also have several openings, in particular two or three openings, for introducing the filter material into the mask pocket. If there are several openings the introduction can be handled in a simplified manner. However, if only one opening is provided, this can help to achieve a stable arrangement of the filter layer between the outer layer and the inner layer.

The opening of the mask pocket can be formed on the inside and / or on the outside of the respiratory protection mask. The opening is preferably formed on the inside of the mask pocket, that is to say in the area of the inner layer, while the outer layer is closed. The respiratory protection mask is thus designed to be essentially uninterrupted on its outside and the filter layer is only accessible via the inside of the respiratory protection mask. This contributes to an appealing overall aesthetic impression of the respiratory protection mask and prevents the filter layer from coming into contact with the faces of the wearer inadvertently via the mask opening when the wearer touches the mask from the outside.

An opening of the mask pocket can be provided in the area above the mouth or, preferably, below the mouth or laterally spaced from the mouth of a person wearing the mask, based on the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask. A plurality of, preferably two, openings in the mask pocket can also be provided in the area above the mouth and below the mouth and / or laterally on both sides of the mouth, based on the wearing state of the respirator. In this embodiment, the mask pocket can be closed in the area in front of the mouth and / or nose, so that in the area in front of the mouth and / or in front of the nose of the wearer there is always an at least three-layer construction of the protective mask and a high separation efficiency is ensured. In addition, the area of the respiratory protection mask that lies in front of the mouth and / or the nose of the wearer when it is worn is not weakened by an opening. This leads to a high stability of the mask structure, so that when speaking and / or coughing there cannot be an undesired deformation associated with sealing problems of the mask in the mouth and / or nasal area.

The opening of the mask pocket can be formed on an outer edge of the respiratory protection mask, preferably on a lower longitudinal edge. The opening of the mask pocket can also be provided in a central area of the inner layer and / or the outer layer and thus, in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory mask, be in front of the mouth and / or nose of a wearer of the respiratory mask. When the filter layer is introduced into the mask pocket, it can thus be ensured in a simple manner that the filter layer is properly in front of the mouth and / or the wearer's nose is positioned between the outer layer and the inner layer of the respirator. This ensures that breathing and / or ambient air cannot flow past the filter layer into the lungs of the wearer or into the environment when breathing in or out through the protective mask.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention, the opening of the mask pocket can only extend over part of the width and / or the length of the outer layer and / or part of the width and / or the length of the inner layer, with, preferably, the mask opening from the outer edges of the outer layer and / or the inner layer is spaced. This also ensures that the filter layer can be introduced into the mask pocket in a simple manner, rests against both layers from the inside when it is worn inside the mask pocket, and unwanted slipping and / or displacement of the filter layer is prevented. In this context, the distance between the opening of the mask pocket and the outer edges of the outer layer and / or the inner layer can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, of the width and / or the length of the outer layer and / or the width and / or the length of the inner layer. At least the distance should preferably be at least 1 cm, more preferably at least 2 cm.

In order to ensure that when the respirator according to the invention is worn or removed, the flange surfaces cannot be contaminated by touching the filter layer, a further preferred embodiment provides that the opening of the mask pocket when the respirator is in the wearing state of at least two overlapping and / or overlapping edge portions of the inner layer and / or the outer layer is reversibly closed. To open the mask pocket, it is then preferably provided to pull the edge sections apart with your fingers so that the opening is released and the filter material can be introduced into the mask pocket or removed from the mask pocket. When the load is removed, the edge sections can then automatically retract into the closed state of the mask pocket due to the elastic material properties of the textile fabric used. Alternatively, elastic restoring means can also be provided in order to pull the edge sections back from a deformed opening state into the closed state of the mask pocket. For this purpose, at least one elastic cal restoring means, in particular an elastic textile band and / or a rubber band, can be attached to the inner layer and / or the outer layer in order to pull the inner layer and / or the outer layer together and thus keep the opening of the mask pocket in an at least substantially closed state.

In addition, the opening of the mask pocket can also be reversibly closable with at least one closure means, such as a Velcro and / or adhesive closure, a zip fastener or also an adhesive strip.

To form an opening of the mask pocket, the inner layer and / or the outer layer can be interrupted at least in sections in the area of the opening of the mask pocket, the interruption being at least essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respiratory mask in relation to a wearing state of the respirator, that is, can extend in the vertical direction and / or in the width direction of the respirator. In particular, if the opening of the mask pocket is reversibly closed when the mask is being worn by overlapping and / or superimposing edge sections of the inner layer and / or the outer layer, an elongated opening, the longitudinal axis of which is essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of the wearer Protective mask and / or runs in the width direction of the protective mask, be advantageous. In the event of an essentially vertical opening movement of the jaw of a wearer of the mask, the edge sections are then not or only insignificantly deformed and pulled apart, so that the mask opening always remains closed.

Another object of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention - is thus a respiratory mask of the type mentioned at the beginning, with at least one mask pocket for exchangeable reception, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, of at least one filter layer between the outer layer and the inner layer is formed, wherein an opening of the mask pocket is provided in a central area of the inner layer and / or the outer layer, wherein the opening is formed by an elongated interruption of the inner layer and / or the outer layer and wherein the interruption relates to a wearing state of the respirator at least extends essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respirator and / or in the width direction of the respirator. In all of the objects of the present invention described above, the inner layer and / or the outer layer can be formed in at least two pieces. At least one layer can then have two separate layer pieces that are connected to the other layer and / or with one another, wherein the layer pieces can preferably consist of the same textile fabric or also of different textile fabrics.

The embodiment described above advantageously allows a pocket area of a common mask pocket to be formed between each layer piece and the respective other layer. Openings of the pocket areas can face one another, in particular for the common accommodation of at least one filter layer made of a filter material. Particularly preferably, the opening edges of the pocket areas can run essentially parallel to one another in the worn state. Further preferably, the opening edges of the pocket areas can extend at least essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask and / or in the vertical direction, in relation to a wearing state of the respirator.

The openings of the pocket areas can preferably be reversibly closed when the respiratory protection mask is worn by at least regionally overlapping and / or superimposed edge strips of the layer pieces.

For example, to form a pocket area closed on three sides, it is possible for each layer piece of the inner layer to be connected to the outer layer at the upper and lower longitudinal edges and at the left or right transverse edge, preferably in a substantially U-shape.

An object of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can also be implemented together with at least one of the aspects described above - is thus a respiratory mask of the type mentioned at the beginning, with at least one mask pocket for exchangeable accommodation between the outer layer and the inner layer , in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, is formed by at least one filter layer, the inner layer and / or the outer layer being at least two pieces and formed by at least two separate pieces of at least one textile fabric connected to the other layer and / or interconnected is and / or has such layer pieces, wherein between each layer piece and the other layer is formed with a pocket area of a common mask pocket, with openings of the pocket areas facing each other for, in particular, common accommodation of at least one filter layer made of a filter material, and with the opening edges of the pocket areas being at least substantially parallel to the mouth in relation to a wearing state of the respirator -Nose axis of a wearer of the respirator and / or extend in the vertical direction and / or wherein the openings of the pocket areas are reversibly closed when the respirator is worn by at least partially overlapping and / or superimposed edge sections of the layer pieces.

In all of the embodiments described above, at least two straps can be provided to fix the respiratory mask on the head of a user. In particular, the straps have elastic properties and / or consist of elastic textiles, so that the respirator is held essentially tightly against the facial contour of the wearer. Missing leaks can thereby be reduced. The tapes can also be machine-washable and / or heat-resistant when subjected to heat treatment, as described above.

In addition, the respiratory protection mask can have an integrated nosepiece for adaptation to the facial contour of a wearer in a manner known per se.

The bacterial filter performance (BFE) of the outer layer and / or the inner layer according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be less than 98%, in particular less than 95%, preferably less than 80%, particularly preferably less than 60%.

The breathing resistance of the outer layer and / or the inner layer according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be> 10 [Pa / cm ² ] and / or <40 [Pa / cm ² ], preferably <30 [Pa / cm ² ].

The invention relates in particular to a respirator of the type described above with at least one filter layer made of a filter material that is plugged or inserted into a mask pocket of the respirator, the filter material being used to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, and / or as a microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or particle barrier, is formed when breathing and / or ambient air flows through. The respirator mask described above describes how the mask is worn when a filter material rial is arranged as at least the third layer between the outer layer and the inner layer.

The filter material can preferably be a cellulose and / or cellulose product, for example a paper handkerchief, a coffee filter, a paper napkin, a paper kitchen towel, a sanitary napkin or a panty liner, or a portion thereof. Such filter materials are easily and inexpensively available even in the event of a crisis, the list of suitable pulp and / or cellulose products not being exhaustive. Ultimately, any material can be introduced into the mask pocket as a filter material whose separation efficiency against pathogens is at least comparable to the separation efficiency of the outer layer and / or the inner layer or preferably has a higher separation efficiency.

The bacterial filter performance of the respiratory protection mask according to the invention formed from the at least one outer layer, the at least one filter layer and the at least one inner layer according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be at least 60%, but also> 95%, particularly preferably> 98%, be.

The breath resistance of the respirator according to the invention according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be> 10 [Pa / cm ² ] and / or <60 [Pa / cm ² ], preferably <40 [Pa / cm ² ].

The microbiological purity of the respirator according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be> 5 [CFU / g] and / or <30 [CFU / g]. In this way, the respiratory protection mask according to the invention can in particular meet the requirements for face-to-face protective masks that result from DIN EN 14683: 2019-10. Depending on which filter material is used, the respiratory protection mask according to the invention can also meet the requirements for particle-filtering half-face masks or fine dust masks of the type FFP1, FFP2 and / or even FFP3, which are tested according to the DIN EN 149 standard.

It is preferably such that the filter layer has a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683 than the outer layer and / or the inner layer.

To increase the separation efficiency or the retention capacity against pathogens, the size of the mask pocket may allow, if necessary, also use several filter layers arranged one above the other and / or next to one another.

Another object of the present invention is a filter layer for introducing, in particular plugging in or inserting, into the mask pocket of a respiratory protection mask according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention is an advantageous use of a respirator of the type described above, in particular designed as a whale mask, as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask in particular microbiological barrier, and / or in particular as an aerosol-filtering respiratory mask and / or particle filter mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID- 19th

Further advantages, properties, aspects and features of the present invention emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. Show it

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a respirator according to the invention in the wearing state,

FIG. 2 shows the respiratory protection mask shown in FIG. 1 in the non-use state with a view of the inside,

FIG. 3 shows the respiratory protection mask from FIG. 2, with an opening formed between two layer pieces of an inner layer of the respiratory protection mask being shown schematically, which allows access to an inner mask pocket, and FIG

4 shows a perspective illustration of a further embodiment of a respiratory protection mask according to the invention in the non-use state.

In Figures 1 to 3, a breathing mask 1, designed as a half-face mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection, in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory mask and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular for reduction the germ and viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

The breathing mask 1 has an outer layer 2 and an inner layer 3. In order to fix the respirator 1 on the head of a person 4, tension straps 5 can be provided in a manner known per se. What is not shown is that the respiratory protection mask 1 can also have an integrated nosepiece for adaptation to the facial contour of the person 4.

The dimensions and shape of the respiratory protection mask 1 can correspond to the dimensions and shape of common respiratory protection masks of the MNS type known from the prior art. The same applies to the type of attachment of the respiratory protection mask 1 to the head of the person 4.

The outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3 each consist of a breathable textile fabric and / or have one, with a mask pocket 6 being formed between the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3 for the exchangeable or reversible accommodation of a filter layer (not shown) made of a filter material . The filter material can be in the form of a flat structure made of cellulose and / or a cellulose product. In principle, a flat textile structure can also be used as the filter material.

The breathing mask 1 shown thus has at least a three-layer structure, formed from the outer layer 2, the inner layer 3 and the filter layer (not shown). By removing the filter layer, it is possible to wash or clean the respiratory mask 1 after a certain period of use in order to kill pathogens, in particular viruses and bacteria, or to considerably reduce the number of germs. By exchanging the filter material or the filter layer, the breathing mask 1 can be reused, and used or contaminated filter material can be processed or disposed of. In the embodiment shown, the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3 are connected to one another by sewing. The embodiment shown has, for example, a seam 7 running around the outer edge of the layers 2, 3 and connecting the layers 2, 3 to one another.

An opening 8 is provided on the inside of the breathing mask 1 for introducing, in particular plugging in or inserting, a filter material or a filter layer into the mask pocket 6. The opening 8 is formed in a central area of the inner layer 3 and is therefore located in front of the mouth and / or nose of the person 4 in relation to the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask 1. This ensures that the filter layer is always in front of the mouth and nose of the person 4 when the respirator 1 is worn and thus breathing air and / or ambient air always flows through the filter layer when breathing in and out.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the opening 8 extends in relation to the wearing state of the respirator 1 at least essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of the person 4 and / or in the width direction of the respirator 1, the longitudinal course of the opening 8 being shown schematically in FIG 2 is represented by line 9.

In the embodiment shown, the inner layer is designed in two pieces with two layer pieces 10, 11. FIG. 2 shows the layer pieces 10, 11 in the closed state of the mask pocket 6. Each layer piece 10, 11 is with the outer layer 2 along two outer longitudinal edges 12, 13 the inner layer 3 and sewn along an outer transverse edge 14, 15 to the outer layer 2, so that two pocket areas 16 closed on three sides result, the openings of which face one another in relation to the wearing state of the respirator 1. The pocket areas 16 together form the mask pocket 6 for the common accommodation of at least one filter layer made of the filter material. The opening edges 17 of the pocket areas 16 run at least substantially in relation to a relieved state of the layer pieces 10, 11 shown in FIG. or in the width direction of layers 2, 3.

According to FIG. 2, the openings of the pocket areas 16, based on the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask 1, are at least partially overlapped. pending and / or superimposed edge strips 18 of the layer pieces 10, 11 are reversibly closed. In order to open the mask pocket 6, the edge strips 18 are manually pulled apart in the longitudinal direction of the layers 2, 3, so that the opening 8 shown in FIG. 3 is formed for inserting or removing a filter layer. The elasticity of the textile material from which the layer pieces 10, 11 are made is preferably sufficiently high so that the pulled apart edge strips 18 come back into or out of the mask pocket 6 after the filter layer has been inserted or removed and the restoring forces of the textile material are relieved pull back the edge strips 18 in the overlapping state shown in FIG. This ensures that the filter layer is held securely between the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3 without any further aids.

Incidentally, a textile band 19, shown only schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3, is provided, which is provided to keep the respiratory mask 1 under tension, so that when the respiratory mask 1 is worn, the respiratory mask 1 is well adapted to the facial contour of the person 4 and a small amount of missed leakage are ensured.

As finally also emerges from FIGS. 2 and 3, the opening 8 preferably extends only over part of the width of the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3. For this purpose, the edge strips 18 are sewn to one another via two seams 20. This results in a limitation of the way of opening in the width direction of the respiratory protection mask 1, so that a filter layer is received in a stable position in the mask pocket 6 and cannot slip unintentionally.

4 shows a further embodiment of a respirator 1, the same, functionally identical and / or corresponding features and / or components of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the embodiment of a respirator 1 shown in FIG. 4 being provided with the same reference numerals are.

In contrast to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the respiratory protection mask 1 has an opening 8 on the outer longitudinal edge 21 of the respiratory protection mask 1. The opening 8 can preferably be formed on the lower longitudinal edge 21, so that the opening 8 is spaced as far as possible from the eyes of a wearer of the respirator 1. Fig. 4 shows the respirator 1 in a view of the lower longitudinal edge 21 of the respirator 1 with the between The opening 8 formed of the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3, however, basically also exists for the opening 8 to be additionally or alternatively provided on an upper longitudinal edge 22 (in FIG. 4 the lower outer edge of the respirator 1).

As can also be seen from FIG. 4, the inner layer 3 consists of two layer pieces 10, 11 which are sewn together. Likewise, according to FIG. 4, the outer layer 2 can consist of two layer pieces 23, 24 which are also sewn to one another. The outer layer and / or the inner layer 3 can, however, also be formed in one piece.

What is not shown is that, in all of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a nosepiece can be provided in a manner known per se in order to adapt the contour of the respiratory protection mask 1 to the contour of the face. The nose clip can be a simple metal strip.

List of reference symbols:

1 breathing mask 15 13 long edge

2 outer layer 14 transverse edge 3 inner layer 15 transverse edge

4 person 16 pocket area

5 drawstring 17 opening edge

6 mask pocket 20 18 edge strips

7 seam 19 textile tape 8 opening 20 seam

9 line 21 longitudinal edge

10 layer piece 22 longitudinal edge

11 layer piece 25 23 layer piece

12 longitudinal edge 24 layer piece

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 , at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) being provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or by a such a sheet is formed and wherein between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable reception, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, of at least one filter layer is formed.

2. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile fabric is a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, stitched fabric, scrim or a textile composite material, in particular a fleece or woven fabric.

3. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the textile fabric consists of textile fibers and / or has such, the textile fibers being natural fibers, preferably wool or cotton, and / or synthetic fibers, preferably synthetic fibers (Man-made fibers) such as cellulosic fibers, for example viscose fibers, are used, in particular from the group of polyesters (PES), polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (CLF), polyvinylidene chloride (CLF), acetate (CA) , Triacetate (CTA), polyacrylic (PAN), polyamide (PA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyurethanes, polyvinyl esters, (meth) acrylates and their mixtures.

4. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, particularly preferred according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided and the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is in particular wash-permanently hydrophobic.

5. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 , particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is provided with a biocidal finish, in particular permanently washing.

6. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) are resistant to hand and / or machine washing at a washing temperature of at least 60 ° C, in particular being machine washable, further in particular in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6330: 2013-02 (method 2A = 60 ° C. normal) over at least 5 washing cycles, preferably over at least 10 washing cycles, particularly preferably over 20 washing cycles or more.

7. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) are material-resistant to textile cleaning agents and / or in particular ethanol- or alcohol-based disinfectants.

8. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) has a layer piece or several layer pieces (10, 11) of a breathable textile fabric and / or a layer piece or a plurality of such layer pieces (10, 11) is formed.

9. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) are connected to one another, in particular to form the mask pocket (6), at least in sections by means of sewing, pressing, gluing, welding or stitching .

10. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) have different textile fabrics and / or consist of such.

11. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) has a larger weight per unit area and / or a smaller average pore or mesh size of the pores or meshes delimited by textile fibers and / or textile fibers with a smaller average Diameter and / or a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 and / or a greater breathing resistance according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 than the inner layer (3).

12. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mask pocket (6) has at least one opening (8) for introducing, in particular plugging in or inserting, the filter material into the mask pocket (6).

13. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mask pocket (6) has several openings (8), in particular three openings (8), for introducing, in particular plugging in or inserting, the filter material into the mask pocket (6) having.

14. Respirator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) based on the wearing state of the respirator (1) in the area above the mouth or below the mouth or laterally spaced from the mouth of a User is provided.

15. Respirator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several, preferably two, openings (8) of the mask pocket (6) based on the wearing state of the respirator (1) in the area above the mouth and below the mouth or laterally are provided on both sides of the mouth.

16. Respirator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) is formed on the inside or on the outside of the respirator (1).

17. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) is formed on an outer edge of the respiratory protection mask (1).

18. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) is provided in a central region of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) and is based on a wearing state of the respiratory protection mask ( 1) is located in front of the mouth and / or nose of a wearer of the respirator (1).

19. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) extends over only part of the width and / or the length of the outer layer (2) and / or part of the width and / or the length of the inner layer (3) and, preferably, is spaced from the outer edges (12, 13, 14, 15) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3).

20. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) and the outer edges (12, 13, 14, 15) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) at least 2%, more preferably at least 10%, of the width and / or length of the outer layer (2) and / or the width and / or length of the inner layer.

21. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) in the wearing or use state of the respiratory protection mask (1) of at least two overlapping and / or superimposing edge strips (18) of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) is reversibly closed.

22. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) can be closed reversibly with at least one closure means.

23. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) is at least partially interrupted in the region of the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6), the interruption being based on a wearing state of the respirator (1) extends at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respirator (1) and / or in the width direction of the respirator (1).

24. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 , at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer being provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or such a fabric is formed, w whether between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable accommodation, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, is formed by at least one filter insert, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an opening ( 8) the mask pocket (6) is provided in a central area of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2), the opening (8) being formed by an elongated interruption of the inner layer (3) and the interruption being based on a The wearing state of the respirator (1) extends at least essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respirator (1) and / or in the width direction of the respirator (1).

25. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2) is at least two pieces and at least two separate and with the respective other layer (2, 3) and / or has interconnected layer pieces (10, 11) of at least one textile fabric and / or is formed by such layer pieces (10, 11).

26. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pocket area (16) of a common mask pocket (6) is formed between each layer piece (10, 11) and the respective other layer (2, 3).

27. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) face one another for, in particular, the common accommodation of at least one filter layer made of a filter material.

28. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening edges (17) of the pocket areas (16) run parallel to one another.

29. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening edges (17) of the pocket areas (16) are at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respiratory protection mask in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) (1) and / or extend in the width direction of the breathing mask (1).

30. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) based on the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) by at least partially overlapping and / or superimposed edge strips (18) of the layer pieces ( 10, 11) are reversibly closed.

31. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each layer piece (10, 11) is connected to the other layer (2, 3) on only three sides.

32. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a full face mask, preferably for use as mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as an aerosol-filtering respiratory protection mask (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 , at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) being provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile Has flat structure and / or consists of such a flat structure and / or is formed by such a flat structure, wherein between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable reception, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting , is formed by at least one filter insert, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2) is formed at least in two pieces and by at least two separate and with the respective other layer (2, 3) and / or interconnected layer pieces (10, 11) of at least one textile fabric n is formed, with a pocket area (16) of a common mask pocket (6) being formed between each layer piece (10, 11) and the respective other layer (2, 3) is, with openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) facing each other for, in particular, the common accommodation of at least one filter layer made of a filter material and the like nd wherein the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) extend at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respirator (1) and / or in the width direction of the respirator (1) in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) and / or wherein the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) are reversibly closed with respect to the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) by at least regionally overlapping and / or superimposed edge strips (18) of the layer pieces (10, 11).

33. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one elastic restoring means, in particular an elastic textile band and / or a rubber band, is attached to the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2), around the Draw the inner layer (3) and / or outer layer (2) together and keep the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) in an at least substantially closed state due to elastic restoring forces of the restoring means.

34. Breathing protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two tension straps (5) are provided for fixing the breathing mask (1) on the head of a user.

35. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a preferably integrated nosepiece is provided for adaptation to the facial contour of a user.

36. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bacterial filter performance (BFE) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is less than 98%, in particular less than 95%, preferably less than 80%, particularly preferably less than 60%.

37. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breathing resistance of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 10 [Pa / cm2] and / or less than or equal to 40 [Pa / cm2], preferably less than or equal to 30 [Pa / cm2].

38. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) have a weight per unit area of 15 to 500 g / m2, in particular 30 to 400 g / m2, preferably 40 to 350 g / m2.

39. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers, the mean diameter of the textile fibers at most 100 mΐti, in particular at most 30 mti , preferably at most 20 miti, preferably at most 10 miti, particularly preferably at most 5 miti, very particularly preferably at most 2 miti, and / or that the diameter of the textile fibers is in the range from 0.05 to 50 miti, in particular 0.1 to 50 miti, preferably 0.2 to 30 miti, particularly preferably 0.2 to 20 miti, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 miti.

40. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is a textile fabric with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers, the textile fabric having a mean pore size or mean mesh size of greater than 10 mΐti, in particular greater than 20 mΐti, preferably greater than 50 mti, particularly preferably greater than 100 mΐti, or of more than 200 μm.

41. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers, the ratio the mean pore size or mesh size to the mean diameter of the textile fibers is in the range from 0.1 to 2,000, in particular 1 to 500, preferably 5 to 350, particularly preferably 10 to 300, very particularly preferably 25 to 250.

42. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one in a mask pocket (6) of the respiratory protection mask (1) plugged or inserted filter layer made of a filter material, the filter material for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, and / or as microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or particle barrier, is formed when breathing and / or ambient air flows through.

43. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material is a cellulose and / or cellulose product, in particular a paper handkerchief, a coffee filter, a paper napkin, a paper kitchen towel or a sanitary napkin, a slip insert or a portion thereof , is provided.

44. Breathing protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bacterial filter performance (BFE) of the breathing protection mask (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is at least 60%, preferably greater than or equal to 95%, particularly preferably greater or equal to 98%.

45. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air resistance of the respiratory protection mask (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 10 [Pa / cm2] and / or less than or equal to 60 [ Pa / cm2], preferably less than or equal to 40 [Pa / cm2].

46. Respirator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microbiological purity of the respirator (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 5 [CFU / g] and / or less than or equal to 30 [CFU / g], is.

47. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter layer has a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683 than the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer.

48. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of filter layers arranged one above the other and / or next to one another are provided.

49. Filter layer for introduction, in particular plugging in or insertion, into the mask pocket (6) of a respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

50. Use of a respiratory protection mask (1), in particular designed as a half-face mask, with at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer being provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consists of such a flat structure and / or is formed by such a flat structure and wherein between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable accommodation, in particular for plugging in and / or inserting, of at least a filter insert is formed and a filter insert is introduced into the mask pocket (6), particularly preferably the use of a respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims as mouth and nose protection

(MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or in particular as a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or in particular as an aerosol-filtering respiratory mask and / or filter particle mask, further in particular to prevent the transmission of pathogens through

Droplet infection and / or in particular to reduce the germ load, in particular the viral load, for example in the event of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.