DE202020101979U1 - Face protection, especially protective mask - Google Patents

Abstract

Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as in particular an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, where at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or by such a fabric is formed and wherein between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable reception, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter layer.

Description

The invention relates to a respiratory mask, in particular in the form of a half mask, at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer being provided and the outer layer and the inner layer each having a breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or being formed by such a fabric becomes.

Depending on which protection goal is being pursued, different respirators are used. So-called “mouth-nose protection” (MNS) can be used for patient protection and / or for the protection of medical personnel, for example in primary medical care, outpatient treatment and in hospital care as well as in nursing. Oral-nose protection is used in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask in particular with a microbiological barrier. Wearing the MNS primarily protects against the (potentially infectious) droplets of saliva / mucus released by the wearer through the mouth and nose. Wearing MNS can also effectively prevent larger droplets from striking the mouth and nasal mucosa of the wearer, for example in the expectoration of patients. Finally, the mouth and nose of the wearer are protected from touching contaminated hands. The currently used, used protective masks of the MNS type meet standards according to DIN EN 14683 , Type I-III and / or ASTMF 2100, Level 1 to Level 3, for the USA.

Particularly when the wearer of the respiratory mask is to be protected from airborne infections, particle-filtering respirators, in particular also in the form of half masks, are used, which serve as respiratory protection against aerosol from solid or liquid, non-volatile particles. They will be European Standard DIN EN 149 tested and must meet the requirements of this standard. The standard differentiates between device classes FFP1 and FFP2 and FFP3 depending on the retention capacity of the particle filter. When used correctly, their good retention ability also with regard to very small particles speaks for the use of particle-filtering half masks to protect the wearer from airborne infectious agents. Tightness is crucial for the protective effect of particle-filtering half masks. This results from the filter passage and the so-called miss leakage, which is caused by leaks between the sealing line of the mask and the face of the wearer. The protective effect increases from an FFP1 mask (total leakage up to 22%) to an FFP2 mask (total leakage up to 8%) to the FFP3 mask (total leakage up to 2%). As the protective effect increases, the breathing resistance of the mask also increases. An exhalation valve is provided to reduce the exhalation resistance, so that the particle-filtering half mask is less stressful for the wearer and is therefore preferred to use.

Mouth and nose protection and also particle-filtering half masks (FFP) are disposable items that must be disposed of correctly after use for hygienic reasons. Even after a short use of the protective mask, contamination with pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, can occur, which are contained in droplets of saliva or mucus in the wearer and are released by the wearer when speaking, calling or coughing. Contamination can also occur when the wearer touches the mask if the wearer has previously touched infectious material. Contamination is also likely if the wearer is coughed up or sneezed on directly by a fellow human being and drool and mucus droplets of the fellow human beings hit the face mask. If the usual protective masks are used several times contrary to their intended purpose and are removed from the face of the wearer in the meantime, the hands of the wearer can easily become contaminated when the protective mask is removed. With a longer period of use, the load on the protective mask on the inner and outer surfaces increases with pathogens, so that the protective mask poses a secondary risk of infection. Depending on how much is spoken and how wet the mouthguard gets, it is recommended to change the mouthguard at least two to three times a day.

Particularly in the case of pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as viral infections, for example COVID-19, a viral disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, but also when such infectious diseases occur epidemically, the need for respiratory masks to protect patients and medical personnel increases. To break the chain of infection, it is recommended that large sections of the population wear mouth protection, at least when speaking. Since it can take several days to weeks for the first symptoms to appear and many people do not know that they are infected because they have no symptoms, the strain of the pathogen can be minimized by wearing respirators across the population. The wearing of respiratory masks is therefore regarded by experts as a useful addition to hygiene measures.

Equipping a larger group of people, in particular the entire population, with protective masks, particularly in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread, quickly leads to procurement problems for the masks, which is due in particular to the fact that the masks available are intended for single use.

In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, patterns for self-made mouthguard applications are available. This form of face mask is a simple multi-layer half mask of the MNS type. In the individual production on the basis of such patterns, handcrafted individual pieces are made. The individual production requires manual skill and technical understanding of the effect and functionality of the textile inner and outer layers forming the mouthguard. In addition, the individual production is not subject to quality control, whereby manual production by non-competent private individuals can lead to incorrect completion of the masks with negative effects on the ability to retain pathogens. If, for example, individual mouthguard layers are not properly connected to one another and breathing air can flow past the filter material, the passage of the mouthguard to breathing air when inhaling and exhaling increases and the risk of contamination of the wearer when wearing such a self-sewn mouthguard increases. In addition, a leakage leakage easily occurs in such self-made mouthguard applications, which is due to leaks between the sealing line of the mask and the face of the wearer.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a respirator of the type mentioned at the outset, which can help to avoid the occurrence of supply shortages when there is a high need for respirators, such as in the case of epidemics or pandemics, without being available withdraw common masks from the market. In addition, the respirator mask should enable resource-saving requirements to be met even when there is a high need for respirator masks.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a respirator mask which is distinguished by a very good separation performance or a high retention capacity against pathogens, in particular against viruses.

In particular, the invention is intended to protect non-infected persons from pathogens, in particular viruses, more particularly the corona virus, by wearing a protective mask that is as effective or efficient as possible. The effect of the protective mask should, in particular, be to contain, preferably to a large extent exclude, the release of pathogens, for example by releasing sputum and droplets when speaking or coughing. In this context, the invention is based on the object of specifying a protective mask which retains infectious breath or expectoration when the mask is worn in the mask and thus contributes to the spread of infectious diseases, in particular viral diseases such as COVID-19, which are spread via droplet infection. to slow down.

In addition, the present invention has for its object to provide a respirator mask that is very comfortable and easy to use.

The respirator should also pose a significantly lower risk of infection if the respirator is used repeatedly and / or the respirator is used over a long period of time.

Finally, the invention has for its object to provide a respirator mask that meets the highest quality requirements and avoids the disadvantages of self-sewn mouth guard applications that are individually manufactured based on cutting patterns.

In particular, it should be possible to manufacture the respirator mask according to the invention in large quantities, the respirator masks produced having essentially the same or almost identical qualities in terms of appearance, shape and / or size, processing accuracy, separation efficiency, packaging and / or material selection and / or material properties.

The above-described objects are achieved in the context of the present invention by a respirator with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the respiratory mask according to the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

The subject of the present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is thus a respiratory mask, in particular designed as a half mask, with at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer, the outer layer and the inner layer each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or from one such flat structure exists and / or is formed by such a flat structure and wherein at least one mask pocket for exchangeable accommodation, in particular, between the outer layer and the inner layer for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter layer. In particular, the respirator mask according to the invention is formed only in two layers (without a filter layer) or three layers (with a filter layer inserted into the mask pocket) and thus has a simple structure.

The respirator mask according to the invention can, in particular depending on the filter material used for the filter insert, the performance requirements for protective masks of the MNS type, more particularly in relation to the bacterial filter performance, in accordance with the standards DIN EN 14683, type I-III and / or ASTMF 2100, level 1 to Level 3, meet. However, it is not excluded that the respiratory mask, by equipping it with a suitable filter material and possibly with a valve device, also meets the performance requirements for particle-filtering respiratory masks, in particular for total leakage and / or degree of separation from particles, in accordance with the DIN EN 149 standard, device classes FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 , can meet.

The filter layer forms a third, in particular middle, layer of the respiratory protection mask and is arranged between the at least one outer layer and the at least one inner layer. The filter layer can be inserted or inserted into the mask pocket, and the filter layer can be, for example, a conventional paper handkerchief or household towel. However, other wipes or materials can also be used, depending on the desired separation performance or retention capacity of the protective mask. A filter material that is produced by a so-called “blow-melt process” is particularly suitable. Parts of disposable masks that meet the standard DIN EN 14683, type I-III and / or ASTMF 2100, level 1 to level 3, can also be suitable.

In order to produce the filter effect, it goes without saying that the arrangement of the mask pocket on the respiratory mask is provided in such a way that the filter material in the wearing or use state of the respiratory mask lies in the flow path of the breathing air and / or ambient air during inhalation and exhalation, and a filter effect Pathogens, especially viruses and / or bacteria and / or particles can meet. In principle, several mask pockets can also be provided.

The filter layer has and / or consists of a filter material to reduce the microbial load, in particular the viral load, and / or acts as a microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or particle barrier if the filter layer contains breathing and / or ambient air when worn is flowed through the respirator according to the invention. The filter material is preferably in the form of a sheet-like sheet. The filter layer thus increases and / or ensures a certain separation capacity or a certain retention capacity against pathogens, in particular viruses, whereby, depending on the choice of filter material, a different retention capacity against pathogens can be achieved. The filter layer can be exchanged for a new filter layer after a certain period of use, the used filter layer preferably being disposed of or prepared for reuse. The respiratory mask as such, having the at least one outer layer and the at least one inner layer with the mask pocket formed between the layers, can be reused and fitted with a suitable filter material several times. This significantly extends the overall useful life of the respirator mask according to the invention compared to the usual single-use protective masks, in particular of the MNS type.

The reusability of the protective mask according to the invention can help to avoid or at least alleviate supply shortages when there is a high need for respiratory masks, for example in the event of the occurrence of epidemics or pandemics. In addition, the use of reusable respirators with interchangeable filter layers can make an important contribution to avoiding waste and protecting resources. The use of suitable filter materials allows the separation performance and the retention capacity against pathogens to be adjusted as required. The design of the respirator mask made of textile interconnected fabrics allows a high wearing comfort and easy handling. In addition, a simple and inexpensive manufacture of the respiratory mask according to the invention is possible.

A particularly preferred aspect of the invention is the production of the respiratory mask according to the invention by series and / or mass production. The respiratory masks according to the invention can thus in particular be the process product of a series or mass production process.

The characteristic of series production or mass production is the recurring and targeted creation and / or processing of essentially identical or identically designed respiratory masks of the type according to the invention in large numbers, which in whole or partial processes to semi-finished or whole goods by humans themselves and / or have been generated and processed using machines or directly by machine. Large quantities of the respiratory mask according to the invention can thus be produced in a short period of time manufacture and bring to the market, which in particular have the same shape and / or the same size and / or the same quality properties, in particular the same ability to retain pathogens. In particular, the individual and / or mass production provides preliminary products of the respirator mask according to the invention, such as the outer layer and the inner layer, as well as further applications of the respirator mask, such as carrying straps or the like, with the same shape, size, quality and / or with the same material properties for one To provide the manufacture of the respirator masks, the final manufacture, namely the joining of the layers to form the mask pocket, can be done by machine or by hand. This makes it easy to assemble the respiratory masks according to the invention, and the requirements placed on respiratory masks, in particular in accordance with DIN EN 14683 or DIN EN 149, can be easily achieved. In particular, series and / or mass production is not subject to the problems of individual or one-off production by the wearer of the mask itself, the individual and / or mass production being less or even completely independent of the manual skill of the individual. In addition to the production of breathing masks that are comparable or identical in terms of the shape, size and / or quality properties of the protective masks, series or mass production allows the production of large quantities in a short period of time with large quantities.

Slight qualitative deviations and / or deviations in shape and / or size, however, can also be tolerated in the mass production of the respirator mask according to the invention and can be attributed to partial production of the masks by hand.

As far as the textile fabric is concerned, this is designed as an air-permeable and breathable textile material. Examples of textile fabrics suitable as outer layer and / or inner layer are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, embroideries, scrims and textile composite materials, in particular nonwovens. Nonwovens or nonwovens are particularly preferred.

The term nonwovens or nonwovens is used in the context of the present invention in particular as a designation for flexible, porous fabrics belonging to the textile composites, which are not by the classic methods of weaving warp and weft or by stitch formation, but by intertwining and / or cohesive and / or adhesive connections of textile fibers are made. Nonwovens are generally loose materials made from staple fibers or filaments, in particular from synthetic fibers or chemical fibers (e.g. polypropylene, polyester, viscose etc.), the cohesion of which is given by the fibers' own liability. Here, the individual fibers can have a preferred direction (so-called oriented or cross-ply nonwovens) or can also be non-directional (so-called tangled nonwovens). The nonwovens can be mechanically consolidated by needling, meshing or by swirling using sharp water jets (so-called spunlaced nonwovens). Nonwovens which are particularly suitable according to the invention can be, for example, by spunbonding, meltblow process and preferably by electrospinning (cf. e.g. US 6 641 773 B2 ) getting produced. Adhesively bonded nonwovens are created by gluing the fibers with liquid binders (e.g. acrylate polymers, SBR / NBA, polyvinyl esters or polyurethane dispersions) or by melting or dissolving so-called binding fibers, which are added to the nonwoven during manufacture. In the case of cohesive consolidation, the fiber surfaces are dissolved by suitable chemicals and connected by pressure or welded at an elevated temperature. Nonwovens made from so-called spunbonded fabrics, ie fabrics made by spinning and then depositing, inflating or sponging onto a conveyor belt, are called spunbonded fabrics. Nonwovens containing additional threads, fabrics or knitted fabrics are considered reinforced nonwovens. Due to the large number of available raw materials, possible combinations and improvement techniques, nonwovens or nonwovens with any specific purpose properties can be produced in a targeted manner. Like all textiles, nonwovens can be subjected to the processes of textile finishing. For further details on the term nonwovens and nonwovens, reference can be made, for example, to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, Volume 6, 1999, pages 4889/4890, keyword: "Nonwovens", their total disclosure content, including the references cited therein, hereby incorporated by reference.

The weight per unit area of the fabrics used according to the invention can vary within wide ranges. In general, the weight per unit area of the fabrics used according to the invention is in the range from 15 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 400 g / m ² , furthermore in particular from 40 to 350 g / m ² . However, it may be advantageous or necessary, depending on the application or on a case-by-case basis, to deviate from the abovementioned values without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Particularly good retention against pathogens is achieved if a textile fabric, preferably non-woven, consisting of textile fibers, the middle layer of which is used as the outer layer and / or inner layer Diameter of the textile fibers is at most 100 µm, in particular at most 30 µm, preferably at most 20 µm, preferably at most 10 µm, particularly preferably at most 5 µm, very particularly preferably at most 2 µm. In general, the diameter of the textile fibers that make up the layered textile fabric should be in the range from 0.05 to 50 μm, in particular 0.1 to 50 μm, preferably 0.2 to 30 μm, particularly preferably 0.2 up to 20 µm, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 µm. Suitable textile fabrics, especially nonwovens, with the above-mentioned textile fiber diameters can, for. B. in the meltblow or preferably in the electrospinning process.

In particular, the outer layer and / or inner layer is designed as a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers. The individual textile fibers therefore limit the mesh (e.g. in the case of fabrics) or pores (e.g. in the case of nonwovens). The textile fabric should have an average pore size or mesh size - depending on the type of fabric - of greater than 1 µm, in particular greater than 10 µm, preferably greater than 50 µm, particularly preferably greater than 100 µm, or more than 200 µm. In this way, a good separation rate with regard to particles and aerosols and / or a low breathing resistance can be achieved.

As the applicant has surprisingly found, the separating performance of the outer layer and / or inner layer for textile fabrics of the aforementioned type with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers also crucially depends on the ratio of the average pore size or mesh size to the average diameter of the textile fibers. In general, the ratio or quotient of the average pore size or mesh size to the average diameter of the textile fibers should be in the range from 0.1 to 2,000, in particular 1 to 500, preferably 5 to 350, particularly preferably 10 to 300, very particularly preferably 25 to 250, vary. In particular, the ratio or quotient of the average pore size or mesh size to the average diameter of the textile fibers should be at most 2,000, in particular at most 500, preferably at most 350, particularly preferably at most 300, very particularly preferably at most 250. However, the ratio or quotient of the average pore size or mesh size to the average diameter of the textile fibers should be at least 0.1, in particular at least 1, preferably at least 5, particularly preferably at least 10, very particularly preferably at least 25, even more preferably at least 40 . In this way, particularly efficient separation rates with regard to pathogens and aerosols are achieved.

As stated above, the outer layer and / or inner layer is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers, preferably non-woven. Natural fibers, preferably wool or cotton, and / or synthetic fibers (also known synonymously as chemical fibers), such as cellulosic fibers, for example viscose fibers, can be used as textile fibers. Textile fibers suitable according to the invention, from which the forming textile fabric is made, are selected, for example, from the group of polyesters (PES); Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (CLF); Polyvinylidene chloride (CLF); Acetate (CA); Triacetate (CTA); Polyacrylic (PAN), polyamide (PA); Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL); Polyurethanes; Polyvinyl esters; (Meth) acrylates; as well as their mixtures. The abovementioned abbreviations for the textile fibers come from DIN 60001-4 (August 1991).

For further details on the concept of textile fibers - also known as textile fibers - reference can be made, for example, to Römpp Chemielexikon, loc. Cit., Pages 4477 to 4479, keyword: "textile fibers", their entire disclosure content, including the references cited therein, herewith is incorporated by reference. In particular, in the context of the present invention, the term textile fibers is understood as a collective name for all fibers that can be processed textile; Common to the textile fibers is a long length compared to their cross-section as well as sufficient strength and flexibility, whereby the textile fibers can be divided into different groups according to origin or material properties.

In order to achieve an efficient separation rate in relation to pathogens, the outer layer and / or inner layer can have an average efficiency E _m DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, very particularly preferably at least 95%. Furthermore, the outer layer and / or inner layer can have an average degree of separation Am for this purpose DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95%, very particularly preferably at least 99%.

The outer layer and / or inner layer is advantageously designed in such a way that, at a flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, it has an average separation rate compared to particles and / or aerosols with diameters in the range from 1 to 100 μm of at least 80%, in particular at least 90% , preferably at least 95%.

Furthermore, the outer layer and / or inner layer at a flow velocity of 0.1 m / s should have an average separation rate compared to particles and / or aerosols with diameters ≥ 1 µm, in particular ≥ 10 µm, further in particular ≥ 50 µm, preferably ≥ 100 µm have at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%.

The thickness of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer should be in the range from 0.001 to 10 mm, in particular 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.01 to 1 mm.

Another object of the invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can possibly also be implemented together with the first aspect of the present invention - is a respiratory mask with at least one outer layer and at least one inner layer, the outer layer and / or the inner layer in particular is wash-resistant hydrophobic. The function of the outer layer and / or the inner layer can be improved by means of chemical substances. The penetration of the expectoration, breath or saliva can be further reduced by means of a hydrophobic finish. Hydrophobing agents suitable for this purpose are well known to the person skilled in the art, for example fluoropolymers, such as fluorocarbon resins, etc. In particular, the product from the company CTF2000, Zele (BE), marketed under the trade name “Addiguard C6 / HH205”, can be used as the hydrophobizing agent. The product belongs to the group of fluorocarbons, which designate a group of substances that is mainly composed of perfluorinated carbon chains. The most important property of this fabric is its water-repellent character. Textiles coated with fluorocarbon are water and oil repellent. For example, to make textiles waterproof, copolymers of perfluoroalkyl acrylates and metacrylates can be used. These are also derivatives of fluorocarbon. The coating with fluorocarbon drips moisture on the textile surface and prevents it from being absorbed into the fabric and soaking it.

The subject of the present invention is also - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can optionally also be implemented together with at least one of the aforementioned aspects of the present invention - a breathing mask of the type described at the outset, the outer layer and / or the inner layer being particularly wash-permanent with a biocidal finish, especially based on silver. The growth of accompanying germs, such as viruses and / or bacteria, can be minimized by means of a biocide treatment. The outer layer and / or the inner layer can be provided with a biocidal and / or biostatic finish or equipment based on catalytically active components. The biocidally or biostatically active catalytically active component can in particular be incorporated or incorporated into the textile fabric, in particular into the fibers, threads, yarns, filaments or the like formed, for example by spinning, extruding, impregnation, chemical or plasma-chemical treatment processes or similar. In particular, metals or metal compounds, in particular from the group of copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium and / or aluminum, and their ions and / or salts, can be used as the biocidally or biostatically active catalytically active component , preferably copper and silver and their ions and / or salts, particularly preferably from the group of Ag, Ag ₂ O, Cu, Cu ₂ O and CuO, and mixtures thereof. The amount of catalytically active component, based on the total layer, can vary in the range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.005 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight. Textile fabrics which are suitable according to the invention and acted upon with a biostatic or biocidal catalytically active component and which can be used in the context of the present invention are commercially available, e.g. B. from Cupron Corporation, New York (USA), Foss Manufacturing Company Inc., Hampton, New Hampshire (USA) or Noble Fiber Technologies, Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania (USA).

In particular, the product “Ultra-Fresh” from Thomson Research Associates, Inc., Toronta (CA) or the product “Silpure FPR-5 & FPR-6” from Thomson Research Associates, Inc., can be used as a means for a biocidal treatment. Toronto (CA) can be used. The latter product is used for a biocide silver finish in order to minimize the growth of germs such as viruses and / or bacteria.

Another object of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can also be implemented together with at least one of the aforementioned aspects - is a respirator mask of the type mentioned, the outer layer and the inner layer with a hand and / or machine wash Washing temperature of at least 60 ° C is stable, in particular is machine-washable, more particularly in accordance DIN EN ISO 6330.2013-02 (Process 2A = 60 ° C.) over at least 5 wash cycles, preferably at least 10 wash cycles, particularly preferably over 20 wash cycles or more. There is thus the possibility of hand-masking the mask pocket formed from the outer layer and the inner layer after a certain period of use wash using a conventional washing machine and thus reduce the bacterial load on the surface and inside of the textile fabrics. In this connection, the outer layer and the inner layer can further preferably even with a washing temperature of 95 ° C for hand and / or machine wash DIN EN ISO 6330: 2013-02 (Process 1A = 95 ° C.) for at least 5 wash cycles, preferably over at least 10 wash cycles, particularly preferably over 20 wash cycles or more, be material or stock-stable.

Heat treatment can also be used to kill pathogens. Furthermore, in particular, all components of the respiratory mask according to the invention can therefore be temperature-resistant during heat treatment, for example in a conventional oven, up to 70 ° C, preferably up to 80 ° C, more preferably up to 90 ° C or even up to 100 ° C or higher temperatures.

In connection with the washability of the respirator mask, it is also advantageous if the outer layer and / or the inner layer is material-resistant to textile cleaning agents and / or in particular ethanol- or alcohol-based disinfectants. Anionic and nonionic surfactants can be used as the main constituent of detergents, as well as water softeners, washing alkalis to increase the pH of the wash liquor, enzymes for the removal of protein and starch stains as well as dirt carriers that keep the detached dirt in suspension or prevent it this again lies down on the outer layer and / or the inner layer. Core soaps and silicones can be used as defoamers. Fragrances can mask their own smell.

For all of the above-mentioned aspects of the present invention, there is the possibility that a plurality of outer layers and / or inner layers are used one above the other in order to improve the separation performance or the retention capacity against pathogens and to increase the stability of the respiratory mask. In the case of a plurality of outer layers and / or inner layers, these can consist of and / or have the same or different textile fabrics.

The outer layer and the inner layer can be connected to one another at least in sections by sewing, pressing, gluing, welding or embroidering, in particular to form the mask pocket. The outer layer and inner layer are preferably sewn together, in particular on the outer edges of the layers, so that the respirator mask can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.

The outer layer and the inner layer can consist of separate surface pieces or have such surface pieces, wherein, preferably, the surface pieces are formed by different textile fabrics. To form the mask pocket, the surface pieces are then connected to one another in sections, in particular at the outer edges. However, it is not excluded that the outer layer and the inner layer consist of a flat piece of a textile fabric or have such a flat piece, the flat piece being folded over onto itself to form the mask pocket and then the folded over areas being connected, in particular at the edges.

Further in particular, the outer layer and the inner layer can consist of and / or have different textile fabrics. The outer layer can in particular have a larger basis weight and / or a smaller average pore or mesh size of the pores or meshes delimited by textile fibers and / or textile fibers with a smaller average diameter and / or a greater bacterial filtering capacity (BFE) DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 and / or a greater breathing resistance DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 have as the inner layer. This enables a functionally optimized construction of the respiratory mask to be achieved, the outer layer being provided in particular as a part of the respirator providing stability and the inner layer being intended to complete the mask pocket.

To insert, in particular insert or insert, the filter material into the mask pocket, this has at least one opening. The mask pocket can also have a plurality of openings, in particular two or three openings, for introducing the filter material into the mask pocket. If there are several openings, the insertion can be handled in a simplified manner. However, if only one opening is provided, this can help to achieve a positionally stable arrangement of the filter layer between the outer layer and the inner layer.

The opening of the mask pocket can be formed on the inside and / or on the outside of the breathing mask. The opening is preferably formed on the inside of the mask pocket, that is to say in the region of the inner layer, while the outer layer is closed. The outer face of the respirator is thus essentially uninterrupted and the filter layer is only accessible through the inner face of the respirator. This contributes to an attractive aesthetic overall impression of the respiratory mask and prevents the filter layer from coming into contact with the hands through the mask opening of the wearer when he touches the mask from the outside.

An opening of the mask pocket can be provided in the area above the mouth or, preferably, below the mouth or laterally spaced from the mouth of a wearer of the mask, based on the wearing state of the breathing mask. Several, preferably two, openings of the mask pocket can also be provided in the area above the mouth and below the mouth and / or laterally on both sides of the mouth in relation to the wearing state of the respiratory mask. In this embodiment, the mask pocket can be closed in the area in front of the mouth and / or nose, so that in the area in front of the mouth and / or in front of the wearer's nose there is always an at least three-layer construction of the respiratory mask and a high separation performance is ensured. Moreover, the area of the respiratory mask that lies in front of the wearer's mouth and / or nose is not weakened by an opening. This leads to a high stability of the mask structure, so that when speaking and / or coughing, there can be no unwanted deformation associated with sealing problems of the mask in the mouth and / or nose area.

The opening of the mask pocket can be formed on an outer edge of the breathing mask, preferably on a lower longitudinal edge. The opening of the mask pocket can also be provided in a central region of the inner layer and / or the outer layer and can thus be placed in front of the mouth and / or the nose of a wearer of the respiratory mask in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory protective mask. When the filter layer is introduced into the mask pocket, it can thus be ensured in a simple manner that the filter layer is correctly positioned in front of the mouth and / or the nose of the wearer between the outer layer and the inner layer of the breathing mask. This ensures that breathing in and / or ambient air cannot flow past the filter layer into the lungs of the wearer or into the environment when breathing in or out through the breathing mask.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the respiratory mask according to the invention, the opening of the mask pocket can only extend over part of the width and / or length of the outer layer and / or part of the width and / or length of the inner layer, with, preferably, the mask opening from the outer edges of the outer layer and / or the inner layer is spaced. This also ensures that the filter layer can be introduced into the mask pocket in a simple manner, lies in the wearing state within the mask pocket against both layers from the inside and prevents the filter layer from slipping and / or shifting unintentionally. In this context, the distance of the opening of the mask pocket from the outer edges of the outer layer and / or the inner layer can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, further preferably at least 20%, of the width and / or the length of the outer layer and / or the width and / or the length of the inner layer. At least the distance should preferably be at least 1 cm, more preferably at least 2 cm.

In order to ensure that when the respirator mask according to the invention is being worn or removed, the palms of the hands cannot be contaminated by touching the filter layer, a further preferred embodiment provides that the opening of the mask pocket when the respirator mask is in the worn state of at least two overlapping and / or overlying edge sections of the inner layer and / or the outer layer is reversibly closed. To open the mask pocket, it is then preferably provided to pull the edge sections apart with the fingers, so that the opening is released and the filter material can be introduced into the mask pocket or removed from the mask pocket. When relieved, the edge sections can then automatically retract into the closed state of the mask pocket due to the elastic material properties of the textile fabric used. Alternatively, elastic restoring means can also be provided in order to retract the edge sections from a deformed opening state into the closed state of the mask pocket. For this purpose, at least one elastic restoring means, in particular an elastic textile band and / or a rubber band, can be attached to the inner layer and / or the outer layer in order to draw the inner layer and / or the outer layer together and thus open the mask pocket in at least substantially keep closed state.

In addition, the opening of the mask pocket can also be reversibly closed with at least one closure means, such as a Velcro and / or adhesive closure, a zipper or an adhesive strip.

To form an opening of the mask pocket, the inner layer and / or the outer layer in the region of the opening of the mask pocket can be interrupted at least in sections, the interruption being at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respiratory mask, based on a wearing state of the respiratory mask, can extend in the vertical direction and / or in the width direction of the respirator. Especially when the opening of the mask pocket in the wearing state of the mask due to overlapping and / or overlapping edge portions of the inner layer and / or the outer layer is reversibly closed, an elongated opening, the longitudinal axis of which runs essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of the wearer of the protective mask and / or in the width direction of the protective mask, can be advantageous. In the event of an essentially vertical opening movement of the jaw of a wearer of the mask, the edge sections are then not or only insignificantly deformed and pulled apart, so that the mask opening always remains closed.

Another object of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention - is thus a respirator mask of the type mentioned at the beginning, with at least one mask pocket between the outer layer and the inner layer for exchangeable reception, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, of at least one filter layer is formed, wherein an opening of the mask pocket is provided in a central region of the inner layer and / or the outer layer, the opening being formed by an elongated interruption of the inner layer and / or the outer layer, and wherein the interruption is at least related to a wearing state of the respiratory mask extends essentially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask and / or in the width direction of the breathing mask.

In all of the objects of the present invention described above, the inner layer and / or the outer layer can be formed at least in two pieces. At least one ply can then have two separate ply pieces which are connected to the other ply and / or to one another, the ply pieces preferably being made of the same textile fabric or also of different textile fabrics.

The embodiment described above advantageously allows a pocket area of a common mask pocket to be formed between each layer piece and the respective other layer. Openings of the pocket areas can face each other for in particular jointly receiving at least one filter layer made of a filter material. In a particularly preferred manner, the opening edges of the pocket areas can run essentially parallel to one another when worn. Further preferably, the opening edges of the pocket areas can extend at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask and / or in the vertical direction in relation to a wearing state of the breathing mask.

The openings of the pocket areas can preferably be reversibly closed when the respirator mask is in the wearing state by overlapping and / or overlapping edge strips of the layer pieces.

For example, in order to form a pocket region closed on three sides, it is possible for each layer piece of the inner layer to be connected to the outer layer at the upper and lower longitudinal edges and on the left or right transverse edge, preferably essentially in a U-shape.

One object of the present invention - according to a further aspect of the present invention, which can also be implemented together with at least one of the previously described aspects - is thus a respiratory mask of the type mentioned at the outset, with at least one mask pocket between the outer layer and the inner layer for exchangeable reception , in particular for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter layer, the inner layer and / or the outer layer being formed at least in two parts and being formed by at least two separate layer pieces of at least one textile fabric connected to the other layer and / or to one another is and / or has such layer pieces, a pocket area of a common mask pocket being formed between each layer piece and the respective other layer, openings of the pocket areas facing one another for in particular jointly receiving at least one filter layer made of a filter material and wherein the opening edges of the pocket areas, based on a wearing state of the breathing mask, extend at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask and / or in the vertical direction and / or wherein the openings of the pocket areas in the wearing state of the breathing mask overlapping and / or overlapping edge sections of the layer pieces are reversibly closed at least in certain areas.

In all of the previously described embodiments, at least two straps can be provided to fix the respirator mask on a user's head. In particular, the straps have elastic properties and / or consist of elastic textiles, so that the respirator mask is held essentially taut on the face contour of the wearer. Missing leakage can be reduced. The tapes can also be machine washable as described above and / or heat resistant during heat treatment.

In addition, the respirator mask can have an integrated nose piece in a manner known per se for adapting to the contour of the face of a wearer.

The bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to the outer layer and / or the inner layer DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be less than 98%, in particular less than 95%, preferably less than 80%, particularly preferably less than 60%.

The breathing resistance according to the outer layer and / or the inner layer DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be ≥ 10 [Pa / cm ² ] and / or ≤ 40 [Pa / cm ² ], preferably ≤ 30 [Pa / cm ² ].

The invention relates in particular to a respirator of the type described above with at least one filter layer made of a filter material which is inserted or inserted into a mask pocket of the respirator, the filter material for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, and / or as a microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or particle barrier, when breathing and / or ambient air flows through it. The respiratory protection mask described above thus describes the wearing state of the mask when a filter material is arranged as at least a third layer between the outer layer and the inner layer.

The filter material can preferably be a cellulose and / or cellulose product, for example a paper handkerchief, a coffee filter, a paper napkin, a paper kitchen towel, a sanitary napkin or a panty liner, or a part thereof. Such filter materials are readily and inexpensively available even in the event of a crisis, the list of suitable cellulose and / or cellulose products not being exhaustive. Ultimately, any material can be introduced into the mask pocket as the filter material, the separation efficiency against pathogens is at least comparable to the separation performance of the outer layer and / or the inner layer or preferably has a higher separation performance.

The bacterial filter performance of the breathing mask according to the invention formed from the at least one outer layer, the at least one filter layer and the at least one inner layer DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be at least 60%, but can also be ≥ 95%, particularly preferably ≥ 98%.

The breathing resistance of the respirator mask according to the invention DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be ≥ 10 [Pa / cm ² ] and / or ≤ 60 [Pa / cm ² ], preferably ≤ 40 [Pa / cm ² ].

The microbiological purity of the breathing mask DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 can be ≥ 5 [CFU / g] and / or ≤ 30 [CFU / g]. The respirator mask according to the invention can thus in particular meet the requirements for mouth-nose protective masks that result from DIN EN 14683: 2019-10. Depending on the filter material used, the respiratory mask according to the invention can also meet the requirements for particle-filtering half masks or fine dust masks of the types FFP1, FFP2 and / or even FFP3, which are tested according to the standard DIN EN 149.

It is preferably the case that the filter layer has a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683 than the outer layer and / or the inner layer.

In order to increase the separation capacity or the retention capacity against pathogens, the size of the mask pocket can, if necessary, also allow the use of several filter layers arranged one above the other and / or next to one another.

Another object of the present invention is a filter layer for insertion, in particular insertion or insertion, into the mask pocket of a respiratory mask according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention is an advantageous use of a breathing mask of the type described above, in particular designed as a half mask, as a mouth and nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask in particular microbiological barrier, and / or as a particularly aerosol-filtering respirator and / or particle filter mask, further particularly for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of the epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID 19th

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Atemschutzmaske im Tragezustand,
• 2 die in 1 gezeigte Atemschutzmaske im Nichtgebrauchszustand mit Blick auf die Innenseite,
• 3 die Atemschutzmaske aus 2, wobei schematisch eine zwischen zwei Lagenstücken einer Innenlage der Atemschutzmaske gebildete Öffnung gezeigt ist, die den Zugang zu einer inneren Maskentasche ermöglicht und
• 4 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Atemschutzmaske im Nichtgebrauchszustand.

Further advantages, properties, aspects and features of the present invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. Show it

• 1 2 shows a perspective illustration of a respiratory protection mask according to the invention when worn,
• 2nd in the 1 shown respirator mask when not in use with a view of the inside,
• 3rd the respirator 2nd , schematically showing an opening formed between two layer pieces of an inner layer of the respiratory mask, which enables access to an inner mask pocket and
• 4th a perspective view of another embodiment of a respirator according to the invention in the non-use state.

In the 1 to 3rd is a respirator 1 , designed as a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection, in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as a surgical face mask in particular with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as a particularly aerosol-filtering respirator mask and / or filter particle mask , further shown in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the bacterial and viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.

The respirator 1 has an exterior location 2nd and an inner layer 3rd on. For fixing the respirator mask 1 on a person's head 4th can drawstrings in a known manner 5 be provided. It is not shown that the respirator 1 In addition, an integrated nose clip to adapt to the face contour of the person 4th can have.

The dimensioning and shaping of the breathing mask 1 can correspond to the dimensioning and shaping of conventional respiratory masks of the type MNS known from the prior art. The same applies to the way the respirator is attached 1 on the person's head 4th .

The outside location 2nd and the inner layer 3rd each consist of a breathable textile fabric and / or have one, between the outer layer 2nd and the inner layer 3rd a mask pocket 6 for exchangeable or reversible inclusion of a filter layer, not shown, is formed from a filter material. The filter material can be in the form of a sheet made of cellulose and / or a cellulose product. In principle, a textile fabric can also be used as the filter material.

The respirator shown 1 thus has an at least three-layer structure, formed from the outer layer 2nd , the inner layer 3rd and the filter layer, not shown. By removing the filter layer it is possible to use the respirator 1 wash or clean after a certain period of use in order to kill pathogens, in particular viruses and bacteria, or to significantly reduce the number of germs. The breathing mask can be replaced by changing the filter material or the filter layer 1 reuse, used or contaminated filter material can be processed or disposed of.

The outside location 2nd and the inner layer 3rd are sewn together in the embodiment shown. The embodiment shown has, for example, one on the outer edge of the layers 2nd , 3rd encircling and the layers 2nd , 3rd connecting seam 7 on.

For inserting, in particular inserting or inserting, a filter material or a filter layer into the mask pocket 6 is on the inside of the respirator 1 an opening 8th intended. The opening 8th is formed in a central area of the inner layer 3rd and is thus related to the wearing state of the respirator 1 the person's mouth and / or nose 4th upstream. This ensures that the filter layer is on while wearing the respirator 1 always in front of the person's mouth and nose 4th is located and thus breathing air and / or ambient air always flows through the filter layer during inhalation and exhalation.

How out 3rd results in, the opening extends 8th related to the wearing state of the respirator 1 at least substantially parallel to the person's mouth-nose axis 4th and / or in the width direction of the respiratory mask 1 , the longitudinal course of the opening 8th schematically in 2nd through the line 9 is shown.

In the embodiment shown, the inner layer is formed in two pieces with two layer pieces 10th , 11 . 2nd shows the layer pieces 10th , 11 when the mask pocket is closed 6 . Every layer piece 10th , 11 is with the outside location 2nd along two outer longitudinal edges 12 , 13 the inner layer 3rd and along an outer transverse edge 14 , 15 with the outside location 2nd sewn so that there are two pocket areas closed on three sides 16 result, their openings related to the wearing state of the respirator 1 are facing each other. The pocket areas 16 together form the mask pocket 6 for jointly receiving at least one filter layer from the filter material. The opening edges 17th the pocket areas 16 run at least essentially in relation to an in 2nd shown relieved state of the layer pieces 10th , 11 parallel to each other and related to the wearing state of the respirator 1 at least substantially parallel to the person's mouth-nose axis 4th and / or in the width direction of the layers 2nd , 3rd .

According to 2nd become the openings of the pocket areas 16 related to the wearing state of the respirator 1 by at least partially overlapping and / or superimposed edge strips 18th of the layer pieces 10th , 11 reversibly closed. Around the mask pocket 6 to open the Edge strips 18th manually in the longitudinal direction of the layers 2nd , 3rd pulled apart so that the in 3rd shown opening 8th forms for inserting or removing a filter layer. Preferably, the elasticity of the textile material from which the layer pieces are made 10th , 11 consist, high enough so that the pulled apart edge strips 18th after inserting or removing the filter layer in or out of the mask pocket 6 and a relief due to the restoring forces of the textile material in the in 2nd shown overlap state of the edge strips 18th withdraw. This means that the filter layer is securely held between the outer layer 2nd and the inner layer 3rd guaranteed without further aids.

Incidentally, one can in the 2nd and 3rd only schematically shown textile tape 19th be provided, which is provided for the respirator 1 keep under tension so that when wearing the respirator 1 a good adjustment of the respirator 1 to the face contour of the person 4th and a low leakage leakage is ensured.

How finally from the 2nd and 3rd also reveals, the opening extends 8th preferably only over part of the width of the outer layer 2nd and the inner layer 3rd . For this purpose the edge strips are 18th over two seams 20th sewn together. This limits the opening in the width direction of the breathing mask 1 reached, so that a filter layer is stable in the mask pocket 6 is recorded and cannot slip unintentionally.

In 4th is another embodiment of a respirator 1 shown, wherein the same, functionally identical and / or corresponding features and / or components of the in the 2nd and 3rd embodiment shown and in 4th shown embodiment of a respirator 1 are provided with the same reference numerals.

The respirator 1 points differently from that in the 2nd and 3rd Embodiments shown an opening 8th on the outer longitudinal edge 21st the respirator 1 on. The opening 8th can preferably on the lower longitudinal edge 21st be trained so that the opening 8th as far as possible from the eyes of a wearer of the respirator 1 is spaced. 4th shows the respirator 1 in a view of the lower longitudinal edge 21st the respirator 1 with that between the outer layer 2nd and the inner layer 3rd formed opening 8th . Basically, there is also the possibility that the opening 8th additionally or alternatively on an upper longitudinal edge 22 (in 4th the lower outer edge of the respirator 1 ) is provided.

How to look further 4th results in the inner layer 3rd from two layers 10th , 11 that are sewn together. Likewise, according to 4th the outside location 2nd from two layers 23 , 24th exist, which are also sewn together. The outer layer and / or the inner layer 3rd but can also be formed in one piece.

It is not shown that all in the 1 to 4th Embodiments shown, a nose piece can be provided in a manner known per se to the contour of the respirator 1 to adapt to the facial contour. The nose clip can be a simple metal strip.

Reference symbol list

1

Respirator

2nd

Outside location

3rd

Inner layer

4th

person

5

Drawstring

6

Mask pocket

7

seam

8th

opening

9

line

10th

Layer piece

11

Layer piece

12

Longitudinal edge

13

Longitudinal edge

14

Cross border

15

Cross border

16

Pocket area

17th

Opening edge

18th

Edge strips

19th

Textile tape

20th

Interface

21st

Longitudinal edge

22

Longitudinal edge

23

Layer piece

24th

Layer piece

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 6641773 B2 [0026]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN EN 14683 [0002]
• Standard DIN EN 149 [0003]
• DIN EN 779 [0033]
• DIN EN ISO 6330.2013-02 [0040]
• DIN EN ISO 6330: 2013-02 [0040]
• DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 [0046, 0063, 0064, 0067, 0068, 0069]

Claims (50)

Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as in particular an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, where at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or by such a fabric is formed and wherein between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable reception, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter layer. Respirator (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that the textile fabric is a woven, knitted, crocheted, embroidered, laid or a textile composite, in particular a non-woven or woven fabric. Respirator (1) Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that the textile fabric consists of and / or has textile fibers, natural fibers, preferably wool or cotton, and / or synthetic fibers, preferably synthetic fibers (chemical fibers) such as cellulose fibers, for example viscose fibers, being used as textile fibers are, in particular from the group of polyesters (PES), polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (CLF), polyvinylidene chloride (CLF), acetate (CA), triacetate (CTA), polyacrylic (PAN), Polyamide (PA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyurethanes, polyvinyl esters, (meth) acrylates and their mixtures. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as, in particular, an aerosol-filtering respirator and / or filter particle mask, further in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, particularly preferably after one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided and the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is in particular wash-resistant hydrophobic. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as, in particular, an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further particularly for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is in particular wash-permanently provided with a biocidal finish. Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as, in particular, an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further particularly for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) being resistant to hand and / or machine washing at a washing temperature of at least 60 ° C., in particular being machine-washable, more particularly in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6330: 2013 -02 (method 2A = 60 ° C nor times) over at least 5 wash cycles, preferably over at least 10 wash cycles, particularly preferably over 20 wash cycles or more. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) with respect to textile cleaning agents and / or in particular ethanol- or alcohol-based disinfectants is material-resistant. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) has a layer piece or several layer pieces (10, 11) of a breathable textile fabric and / or from one layer piece or more such layer pieces (10, 11) is formed. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) are connected to one another at least in sections, in particular to form the mask pocket (6), by sewing, pressing, gluing, welding or embroidering. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) have different textile fabrics and / or consist of such. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) has a larger basis weight and / or a smaller average pore or mesh size of the pores or meshes delimited by textile fibers and / or textile fibers with a smaller average diameter and / or has a greater bacterial filter performance (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 and / or a greater breathing resistance according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 than the inner layer (3). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mask pocket (6) has at least one opening (8) for introducing, in particular inserting or inserting, the filter material into the mask pocket (6). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mask pocket (6) has a plurality of openings (8), in particular three openings (8), for introducing, in particular inserting or inserting, the filter material into the mask pocket (6). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) is provided in the region above the mouth or below the mouth or laterally spaced from the mouth of a user, based on the wearing state of the respiratory mask (1) is. Respiratory mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several, preferably two, openings (8) of the mask pocket (6) based on the wearing state of the respiratory mask (1) in the region above the mouth and below the mouth or laterally on both Sides of the mouth are provided. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) is formed on the inside or on the outside of the respiratory protection mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) is formed on an outer edge of the respiratory protection mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) is provided in a central region of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) and in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) the mouth and / or the nose of a wearer of the respiratory mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) extends only over part of the width and / or length of the outer layer (2) and / or part of the width and / or the length of the inner layer (3) and, preferably, is spaced from the outer edges (12, 13, 14, 15) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance of the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) from the outer edges (12, 13, 14, 15) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3 ) is at least 2%, more preferably at least 10%, of the width and / or length of the outer layer (2) and / or the width and / or length of the inner layer. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) in the wearing or use state of the respiratory protection mask (1) of at least two overlapping and / or overlapping edge strips (18) of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) is reversibly closed. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) can be closed reversibly with at least one closure means. Respiratory mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2) is interrupted at least in sections in the region of the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6), the interruption being related to a wearing state the breathing mask (1) extends at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask (1) and / or in the width direction of the breathing mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as in particular an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, where at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer are provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or being formed by such a fabric , in which between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable receiving, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, of at least one filter insert is formed, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an opening (8 ) the mask pocket (6) is provided in a central region of the inner layer (3) or the outer layer (2), the opening (8) being formed by an elongated interruption of the inner layer (3) and the interruption being related to a wearing state the breathing mask (1) extends at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing mask (1) and / or in the width direction of the breathing mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2) is formed at least in two parts and at least two separate layers and with the other layer (2, 3) and / or with one another has connected layer pieces (10, 11) of at least one textile fabric and / or is formed by such layer pieces (10, 11). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pocket area (16) of a common mask pocket (6) is formed between each layer piece (10, 11) and the respective other layer (2, 3). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) face each other for, in particular, jointly receiving at least one filter layer made of a filter material. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening edges (17) of the pocket areas (16) run parallel to one another. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening edges (17) of the pocket areas (16) are at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the respiratory protection mask (1) in relation to a wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) ) and / or extend in the width direction of the breathing mask (1). Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) in relation to the wearing state of the respiratory protection mask (1) by at least regionally overlapping and / or overlapping edge strips (18) of the layer pieces (10, 11) are reversibly closed. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each layer piece (10, 11) is only connected on three sides to the respective other layer (2, 3). Respiratory protection mask (1), in particular in the form of a half mask, preferably for use as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular for reducing the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular a surgical face mask with a microbiological barrier, and / or for use as in particular an aerosol-filtering respirator (1) and / or filter particle mask, further in particular for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, where at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer (3) are provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or consisting of such a fabric and / or by such a fabric is formed where at least between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) a mask pocket (6) for interchangeable reception, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter insert, particularly preferably according to one of the preceding claims, the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2) being formed at least in two pieces and is formed by at least two separate and with the other layer (2, 3) and / or interconnected layer pieces (10, 11) of at least one textile fabric, wherein between each layer piece (10, 11) and the respective other layer ( 2, 3) a pocket area (16) of a common mask pocket (6) is formed, openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) facing each other for, in particular, jointly receiving at least one filter layer made of a filter material, and wherein the openings (8) the pocket areas (16), at least substantially parallel to the mouth-nose axis of a wearer of the breathing apparatus, relative to a wearing state of the breathing mask (1) ske (1) and / or in the width direction of the breathing mask (1) and / or wherein the openings (8) of the pocket areas (16) related to the wearing state of the breathing mask (1) by at least partially overlapping and / or overlapping edge strips (18) the layer pieces (10, 11) are reversibly closed. Respiratory mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one elastic restoring means, in particular an elastic textile band and / or a rubber band, is attached to the inner layer (3) and / or the outer layer (2) in order to secure the inner layer ( 3) and / or outer layer (2) and to keep the opening (8) of the mask pocket (6) in an at least substantially closed state due to elastic restoring forces of the restoring means. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two drawstrings (5) are provided for fixing the breathing mask (1) to the head of a user. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a preferably integrated nose clip is provided for adaptation to the facial contour of a user. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bacterial filter performance (BFE) of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is less than 98%, in particular less than 95 %, preferably less than 80%, particularly preferably less than 60%. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breathing resistance of the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 10 [Pa / cm2] and / or less or equal to 40 [Pa / cm2], preferably less than or equal to 30 [Pa / cm2]. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) have a basis weight of 15 to 500 g / m2, in particular 30 to 400 g / m2, preferably 40 to 350 g / m2. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers, the mean diameter of the textile fibers preferably not more than 100 µm, in particular not more than 30 µm at most 20 µm, preferably at most 10 µm, particularly preferably at most 5 µm, very particularly preferably at most 2 µm, and / or that the diameter of the textile fibers is in the range from 0.05 to 50 µm, in particular 0.1 to 50 µm, preferably 0.2 to 30 µm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 20 µm, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 µm. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is a textile fabric with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers, the textile fabric having a medium pore size or medium Mesh size of greater than 10 microns, in particular greater than 20 microns, preferably greater than 50 microns, particularly preferably greater than 100 microns, or of more than 200 microns. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer (3) is a textile fabric consisting of textile fibers with pores or meshes delimited by the textile fibers, the ratio of the mean Pore size or mesh size to the average diameter of the textile fibers is in the range from 0.1 to 2,000, in particular 1 to 500, preferably 5 to 350, particularly preferably 10 to 300, very particularly preferably 25 to 250. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one filter layer of a filter material inserted or inserted into a mask pocket (6) of the respiratory protection mask (1), the filter material for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, and / or as a microbiological barrier and / or aerosol and / or Particle barrier, is formed when breathing and / or ambient air flows through. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cellulose and / or cellulose product, in particular a paper handkerchief, a coffee filter, a paper napkin, a paper kitchen towel or a sanitary napkin, a slip insert or a portion thereof, is provided as the filter material is. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bacterial filter performance (BFE) of the respiratory protection mask (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is at least 60%, preferably greater than or equal to 95%, particularly preferably greater than or equal 98% is. Breathing mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breathing resistance of the breathing mask (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 10 [Pa / cm2] and / or less than or equal to 60 [Pa / cm2] , preferably less than or equal to 40 [Pa / cm2]. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microbiological purity of the respiratory protection mask (1) according to DIN EN 14683: 2019-10 is greater than or equal to 5 [CFU / g] and / or less than or equal to 30 [CFU / g ], is. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter layer has a greater bacterial filter capacity (BFE) according to DIN EN 14683 than the outer layer (2) and / or the inner layer. Respiratory protection mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of filter layers arranged one above the other and / or next to one another are provided. Filter layer for insertion, in particular insertion or insertion, into the mask pocket (6) of a breathing mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Use of a breathing mask (1), in particular a half mask, at least one outer layer (2) and at least one inner layer being provided, the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) each having at least one breathable textile fabric and / or made from one such a sheet exists and / or is formed by such a sheet and wherein at least one mask pocket (6) for exchangeable reception, in particular for insertion and / or insertion, is formed by at least one filter insert between the outer layer (2) and the inner layer (3) and a filter insert is inserted into the mask pocket (6), particularly preferably use of a breathing mask (1) according to one of the preceding claims, as mouth-nose protection (MNS), in particular to reduce the secretion of infectious pathogens from the mouth and nose and / or as in particular surgical face mask with microbiological barrier, and / or as in particular aero sol-filtering respirator and / or filter particle mask, further particularly for preventing the transmission of pathogens by droplet infection and / or in particular for reducing the germ, in particular viral load, for example in the case of epidemic or pandemic spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.

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