WO2021197366A1 - 一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021197366A1
WO2021197366A1 PCT/CN2021/084286 CN2021084286W WO2021197366A1 WO 2021197366 A1 WO2021197366 A1 WO 2021197366A1 CN 2021084286 W CN2021084286 W CN 2021084286W WO 2021197366 A1 WO2021197366 A1 WO 2021197366A1
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rectangular wave
circuit
electromagnetic coupling
signal
output
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PCT/CN2021/084286
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English (en)
French (fr)
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付国红
程辉
傅崧原
钟湘琴
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湖南科技大学
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Publication of WO2021197366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021197366A1/zh
Priority to US17/687,192 priority Critical patent/US11846744B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/083—Controlled source electromagnetic [CSEM] surveying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/26—Measuring noise figure; Measuring signal-to-noise ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/083—Controlled source electromagnetic [CSEM] surveying
    • G01V2003/086—Processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrical exploration, in particular to an electrical exploration signal sending device and method for suppressing electromagnetic coupling interference.
  • electromagnetic coupling interference is common, especially in the application of frequency domain induced polarization method.
  • the commonly used frequency range of the frequency domain IP method is 0.01Hz ⁇ 10Hz, which is one of the commonly used methods for mineral resources survey and exploration.
  • the frequency domain IP method has the advantages of light equipment, strong anti-interference ability, easy operation, no terrain correction, etc. ,Wide range of applications.
  • Electromagnetic coupling interference is caused by inductive coupling and capacitive coupling between the transmitter output loop and the receiver input loop. Its strength is mainly determined by the inductive coupling.
  • the degree of interference will decrease with the decrease of underground resistivity and the increase of frequency.
  • the height and the increase of the pole distance directly affect the measured value of the IP amplitude and frequency, which is a strong interference factor objectively existing in the application of the frequency domain IP method.
  • the present invention provides an electrical survey signal sending device that suppresses electromagnetic coupling interference with a simple structure, and provides an electrical survey signal sending method that suppresses electromagnetic coupling interference.
  • an electrical survey signal transmission device for suppressing electromagnetic coupling interference which includes a rectangular wave signal source, an output loop for supplying power to the earth, and multiple transmission channels, each of which includes a sequential string
  • the connected isolation drive circuit, low-pass filter circuit, and power amplifier circuit The rectangular wave signal source generates a rectangular wave or a composite rectangular wave.
  • the signal output end of the rectangular wave signal source is connected to the input end of the isolation drive circuit of each transmission channel.
  • the output end of the power amplifier circuit of the sending channel is connected to the output circuit to supply power to the earth.
  • the isolation drive circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, an optocoupler, a first field effect tube, and a second field effect tube.
  • One end of the first resistance serves as Isolate the input end of the drive circuit and connect it to the output end of the rectangular wave signal source.
  • the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first pin of the optocoupler, the second pin of the optocoupler is grounded, and the fourth pin of the optocoupler is connected to the One end of the second resistor is connected to the grid of the first FET and the grid of the second FET.
  • the other end of the second resistor and the source of the first FET are connected to the reference power supply VCC.
  • Both the 3-pin and the source of the second field effect transistor are connected to the reference negative power supply VEE of the channel, and the drain of the first field effect transistor is connected to the drain of the second field effect transistor and serves as the output terminal of the isolation drive circuit.
  • the first field effect tube is a P-channel enhancement type field effect tube
  • the second field effect tube is an N-channel enhancement type field effect tube.
  • the low-pass filter circuit includes a capacitor and a first switch, one end of the first switch is used as the input end of the low-pass filter circuit and is connected to the output end of the isolation drive circuit, The other end of the first switch is connected with one end of the capacitor and used as the output end of the low-pass filter circuit. The other end of the capacitor is grounded. Resistance and a switch.
  • the time constant of the low-pass filter circuit of each sending channel is the same, and the time constant is set between 0-40 mS.
  • the rectangular wave signal source adopts a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable logic device CPLD, a field programmable gate array device FPGA, a digital signal processor DSP, a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS, A kind of sequential logic circuit.
  • the output terminals of the power amplifier circuits of all the sending channels are independent, or multiple power amplifier circuits are connected in series with the output circuit to supply power to the earth.
  • An electrical survey signal transmission method for suppressing electromagnetic coupling interference including the following steps:
  • Step 1 The rectangular wave signal source generates a rectangular wave or composite rectangular wave signal and sends it to each transmission channel;
  • Step 2 In each transmission channel, the isolation drive circuit electrically isolates the rectangular wave or composite rectangular wave signal generated by the rectangular wave signal source and outputs it;
  • Step 3 The low-pass filter circuit filters and outputs the signal output by the isolation drive circuit
  • Step 4 The power amplifier circuit amplifies the signal output by the low-pass filter circuit and outputs it;
  • Step 5 The signal output by the power amplifier circuit in each transmission channel supplies power to the earth separately or in series after passing through the output loop.
  • the number of connected branches is changed by changing the on and off of the branch switch in the low-pass filter circuit, thereby changing the time constant of the low-pass filter circuit .
  • the electrical exploration signal sending device of the present invention includes a low-pass filter circuit, which can change the number of connected branches by changing the on and off of the branch switch in the low-pass filter circuit, thereby changing the time constant of the low-pass filter circuit , And then adjust the edge rate of change of the output waveform, suppress the high-order components in the output waveform of the transmission loop, significantly reduce the inductive coupling interference of the transmission loop current on the receiver input loop, and suppress the influence of electromagnetic coupling interference on the measurement data of the receiver.
  • the edge change rate of the output waveform of the transmitter of the present invention can be set by switching the time constant of the low-pass filter circuit according to the needs of field work, and the output waveform of the transmitter is less affected by the grounding condition, and the operation is simple.
  • the output terminals of any number of sending channels can be cascaded (in series) for output to provide a higher output voltage.
  • the present invention uses an RC low-pass filter circuit to directly reduce the edge change rate of the rectangular wave and then perform high-fidelity power amplification, and then supply power to the earth, thereby significantly reducing the electromagnetic coupling interference generated by the electrical exploration signal transmission loop and improving the signal of the received signal.
  • Noise ratio and received data quality the present invention is suitable for use in electrical survey signal transmission, and is especially suitable for suppressing the influence of electromagnetic coupling interference on the measurement of the IP signal in the frequency domain IP signal sending scheme.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the electrical prospecting signal sending device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of the isolation driving circuit in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the low-pass filter circuit in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of the rising edge waveform of the rectangular wave of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of the falling edge waveform of the rectangular wave of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform after passing through the isolation drive circuit and the low-pass filter circuit when the square wave is sent according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform after passing through the isolation driving circuit and the low-pass filter circuit when the combined rectangular wave is transmitted according to the present invention.
  • an electrical survey signal transmission device for suppressing electromagnetic coupling interference includes a rectangular wave signal source, an output circuit for supplying power to the earth, and multiple transmission channels.
  • Each transmission channel includes an isolation drive connected in series. Circuit, low-pass filter circuit, power amplifier circuit, the first transmission channel includes isolation drive circuit 1, low-pass filter circuit 1, power amplifier circuit 1, and the second transmission channel includes isolation drive circuit 2, low-pass filter circuit 2, power amplifier Circuit 2, the third transmission channel includes isolation drive circuit 3, low-pass filter circuit 3, power amplifier circuit 3,..., the n-th transmission channel includes isolation drive circuit n, low-pass filter circuit n, power amplifier circuit n, rectangular
  • the wave signal source generates a rectangular wave or a composite rectangular wave.
  • the signal output terminal of the rectangular wave signal source is connected to the input terminal of the isolation drive circuit of each transmission channel.
  • the output terminals of the power amplifier circuit of all transmission channels can be individually or cascaded (in series ) Connect the output circuit to supply power to the earth.
  • the rectangular wave signal source usually uses a single-chip microcomputer to generate a rectangular wave or a composite rectangular wave signal, and can also use a complex programmable logic device CPLD, a field programmable gate array device FPGA, a digital signal processor DSP, a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS, Build sequential logic circuit generation.
  • CPLD complex programmable logic device
  • FPGA field programmable gate array device
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • DDS direct digital frequency synthesizer
  • the isolation drive circuit can be one of optocoupler isolation, fiber isolation, isolation drive chip, and isolation drive module to realize the isolation drive function.
  • the isolation drive circuit includes a first resistor R01, a second resistor R02, an optocoupler U1, a first field effect tube Q1, and a second field effect tube Q2.
  • the first field effect tube Q1 is P
  • the second field effect transistor Q2 is an N channel enhancement type field effect transistor.
  • One end of the first resistor R01 serves as the input terminal IN of the isolation drive circuit and is connected to the output terminal of the rectangular wave signal source.
  • the other end of the first resistor R01 is connected to the first pin of the optocoupler U1 and the second end of the optocoupler U1.
  • the pin is grounded, and the fourth pin of the optocoupler U1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R02, the grid of the first field effect transistor Q1, and the grid of the second field effect transistor Q2.
  • the other end of the second resistor R02, The source of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the reference power supply VCC, the third pin of the optocoupler U1 and the source of the second field effect transistor Q2 are all connected to the reference negative power supply VEE of the channel, the first field effect transistor Q1
  • the drain of is connected to the drain of the second field effect transistor Q2 and serves as the output terminal of the isolation drive circuit.
  • the rectangular wave or composite rectangular wave generated by the rectangular wave signal source is input from the first pin of the optocoupler U1 and output from the fourth pin.
  • the rectangular wave signal source outputs a high level
  • the light-emitting diode inside the optocoupler U1 emits light.
  • the phototransistor is saturated and turned on, the fourth pin of optocoupler U1 outputs low level, Q1 is turned on, Q2 is turned off, and the Lpin terminal outputs high level (VCC); when the rectangular wave signal source outputs low level, the inside of optocoupler U1
  • the light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode emits light
  • the phototransistor is turned off, the fourth pin of the optocoupler U1 outputs a high level
  • Q1 is turned off, Q2 is turned on, and the Lpin terminal outputs a low level (VEE).
  • the isolation drive circuit completes the electrical isolation of the rectangular wave signal source and the optocoupler U1 back-stage circuit, and clamps the rectangular wave signal within the range of VEE ⁇ VCC (high level VCC, low level VEE, VCC, VEE are respectively equal in value High-precision positive power supply and negative power supply).
  • the low-pass filter circuit is an RC low-pass filter circuit with a fixed time constant or multi-speed selectable or adjustable; as shown in Figure 3, the low-pass filter circuit includes a capacitor C, a arbitrarily switchable resistor in series with the capacitor, and a resistor. It forms an RC low-pass filter circuit with the capacitor, and the low-pass filtered signal is output from the upper end of the capacitor C, that is, the LPout end.
  • the output end of the isolation drive circuit is connected to the LPin end of the low-pass filter circuit
  • the LPin end is connected to the left end of the switch S0, the left end of the resistor R1, the left end of the resistor R2,..., the left end of the resistor Rn
  • the right end of the resistor R1 is connected to the left end of the switch S1
  • the right end of the resistor R2 is connected to the left end of the switch S2,..., the right end of the resistor Rn is connected to the left end of the switch Sn
  • the upper end of the capacitor C is connected to the right end of the switch S0, the right end of the switch S1, the right end of the switch S2,..., the right end of the switch Sn
  • the lower end of the capacitor C is connected to the power ground, and the low-pass filtered signal is output from the upper end of the capacitor, namely the LPout end, to the input end of the power amplifier circuit.
  • the frequency of the rectangular wave signal is usually between 0.01Hz ⁇ 10Hz
  • the time constant is set between 0 ⁇ 40mS
  • the time constant can be adjusted or multiple time constants can be switched, each transmission
  • the time constants of the low-pass filter circuits of the channels are the same.
  • the power amplifier circuit adopts a high-fidelity digital power amplifier circuit, that is, an analog power amplifier circuit or a digital power amplifier circuit, with high power conversion efficiency and lightness and reliability; the power amplifier gain is designed to be multi-stage optional or designed as a fixed gain to ensure gain accuracy And the stability of the output level.
  • the output terminals of the power amplifier circuits of all transmission channels can separately provide current to the ground; or cascade (series) connect the output loops to provide power to the ground to provide higher output voltage; or use the output terminal in areas with very low grounding resistance
  • the parallel method is used to provide greater output current.
  • An electrical survey signal transmission method for suppressing electromagnetic coupling interference including the following steps:
  • Step 1 The rectangular wave signal source generates a rectangular wave or composite rectangular wave signal and sends it to each transmission channel;
  • Step 2 In each transmission channel, the isolation drive circuit electrically isolates the rectangular wave or composite rectangular wave signal generated by the rectangular wave signal source and outputs it;
  • Step 3 The low-pass filter circuit filters the output signal of the isolation drive circuit and outputs it. By changing the on and off of the branch switch in the low-pass filter circuit, the number of connected branches is changed, thereby changing the time constant of the low-pass filter circuit. ;
  • Step 4 The power amplifier circuit amplifies the signal output by the low-pass filter circuit and outputs it;
  • Step 5 The signal output by the power amplifier circuit in each transmission channel supplies power to the earth separately or in series after passing through the output loop.
  • the output signal of the transmitter is sampled as a calibration signal and sent to the receiver for calibration, and the calibrated receiver can perform actual measurement; after switching the low-pass filter time constant of the transmitter, the receiver needs to be calibrated online with the transmitter, and then the actual measurement is performed;
  • the receiver can also be calibrated online in advance for each low-pass filter time constant of the transmitted waveform, and the low-pass filter time constant of the transmitting device and its corresponding receiver calibration gear are agreed to be consistent during the construction, and then the actual measurement can be carried out.
  • the rectangular wave edge low-pass filtering simulation diagram of the present invention switching the low-pass filter time constant, you can change the rectangular wave edge change rate, after the power amplifier, the output is the earth power supply, which can greatly reduce the electrical exploration Electromagnetic coupling interference caused by the signal sending end.
  • Figures 6-7 are schematic diagrams of the waveforms of some test points of the signal transmitting device when transmitting a square wave or a combined rectangular wave according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is the waveform when a square wave is sent.
  • the waveform u1 is the output waveform diagram of the rectangular wave signal source after the isolation drive circuit.
  • U2 is the output waveform of the waveform u1 after low-pass filtering.
  • the waveform of u2 is the power
  • the amplifying circuit supplies power to the ground after high-efficiency and fidelity amplification, or the power amplifier outputs of multiple signal transmission channels are cascaded (in series) and output a higher-voltage square wave signal to supply power to the ground;
  • Figure 7 shows the waveform of the combined rectangular wave.
  • u3 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform of the rectangular wave signal source after passing through the isolation drive circuit
  • u4 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform of the waveform u3 after low-pass filtering
  • the waveform shown in u4 is amplified by the post-stage power amplifier circuit with high efficiency and fidelity to supply power to the earth, or
  • the output ends of the power amplifiers of multiple signal sending channels are cascaded (in series) to output a higher-voltage combined rectangular wave signal to supply power to the earth.

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Abstract

一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，包括矩形波信号源、给大地供电的输出回路和多个发送通道，每个发送通道均包括依次串接的隔离驱动电路、低通滤波电路、功率放大电路，矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波，矩形波信号源的信号输出端与每个发送通道的隔离驱动电路的输入端相连，所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端连接输出回路为大地供电。该电法勘探信号发送装置采用RC低通滤波电路直接降低矩形波的边沿变化率后进行高保真功率放大，再对大地供电，从而显著降低电法勘探信号发送回路产生的电磁耦合干扰，改善接收信号的信噪比和接收数据质量。该电法勘探信号发送装置在频率域激电法应用中，压制电磁耦合干扰对激电信号测量影响的效果尤佳。还包括一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置的电法勘探信号发送方法。

Description

一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电法勘探技术领域，特别涉及一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置及方法。
背景技术
在人工源电法勘探领域，普遍存在着电磁耦合干扰的问题，尤其在频率域激电法应用中电磁耦合干扰的问题突出。
频率域激电法的常用频率范围0.01Hz～10Hz，为矿产资源普查与勘探常用的方法之一，频率域激电法以其装置轻便、抗干扰能力强，以及操作简便、无需地形改正等优点，应用广泛。电磁耦合干扰由发送机输出回路与接收机输入回路之间的感性耦合和容性耦合两种因素引起，其强弱主要由感性耦合决定，受干扰的程度随地下电阻率的降低、频率的升高、极距的加大而增强，直接影响激电幅频率测量值，是频率域激电法应用中客观存在的一种很强的干扰因素。
为了校正电磁耦合干扰，国内外学者主要采用数据处理的方法对电磁耦合干扰的影响予以校正，这在电磁耦合较弱时尚有较好的校正效果，当电磁耦合干扰增强时，校正效果普遍较差，难以满足野外复杂的地质条件下的勘探需要。在硬件直接去耦方面，专利“一种频率域电法仪GPS精密同步斩波去耦器”，ZL200710035797.9，发明了针对观测系统接收信号的同步斩波消除电磁耦合干扰的方法，去耦效果良好，但是存在斩波引入测量误差的问题以及需要发送机与接收机严格同步的使用条件。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种结构简单的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，并提供压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送方法。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是：一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，包括矩形波信号源、给大地供电的输出回路和多个发送通道，每个发送通道均包括依次串接的隔离驱动电路、低通滤波电路、功率放大电路，矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波，矩形波信号源的信号输出端与每个发送通道的隔离驱动电路的输入端相连，所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端连接输出回路为大地供电。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，所述隔离驱动电路包括第一电阻、第二电阻、光耦、第一场效应管、第二场效应管，所述第一电阻的一端作为隔离驱动电路的输入端并连接矩形波信号源的输出端，第一电阻的另一端连接逛光耦的第1引脚，光耦的第2引脚接地，光耦的第4引脚分别与第二电阻的一端、第一场效应管的栅极、第二场效应管的栅极相连，第二电阻的另一端、第一场效应管的源极与参考电源VCC相连，光耦的第3引脚、第二场效应管的源极均与该通道的参考负电源VEE相连，第一场效应管的漏极与第二场效应管的漏极相连并作为隔离驱动电路的输出端。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，所述第一场效应管为P沟道增强型场效应管，第二场效应管为N沟道增强型场效应管。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，所述低通滤波电路包括电容、第一开关，所述第一开关的一端作为低通滤波电路的输入端并连接隔离驱动电路的输出端，第一开关的另一端与电容一端连接在一起并作为低通滤波电路的输出端，电容另一端接地，所述第一开关两端并接若干个支路，每个支 路均包括串联的一个电阻和一个开关。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，每个发送通道的低通滤波电路的时间常数相同，时间常数设定在0～40mS之间。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，所述矩形波信号源采用单片机、可编程逻辑器件CPLD、现场可编程门阵列器件FPGA、数字信号处理器DSP、直接数字式频率合成器DDS、时序逻辑电路中的一种。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端单独，或多个功率放大电路串联连接输出回路为大地供电。
一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波信号并送入各发送通道；
步骤二：各发送通道中，隔离驱动电路对矩形波信号源产生的矩形波或复合矩形波信号进行电隔离后输出；
步骤三：低通滤波电路对隔离驱动电路输出的信号进行滤波后输出；
步骤四：功率放大电路对低通滤波电路输出的信号进行放大后输出；
步骤五：各发送通道中的功率放大电路输出的信号经输出回路后单独或串联后对大地供电。
上述压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送方法，所述步骤三中，通过改变低通滤波电路中支路开关的通断来改变接入的支路数量，从而改变低通滤波电路的时间常数。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明的电法勘探信号发送装置中包括低通滤波电路，能够通过改变低通滤波电路中支路开关的通断来改变接入的支路数量，从而改变低通滤波电路的时间常数，进而调节输出波形的边沿变化率，压制发送回路输出波形中的 高次分量，显著降低发送回路电流对接收机输入回路的感应耦合干扰，抑制电磁耦合干扰对接收机接测量数据的影响。
2、本发明发送机输出波形的边沿变化率可以根据野外工作需要，通过切换低通滤波电路的时间常数来设定，且发送机输出波形受接地条件影响小，操作简便。
3、本发明的电法勘探信号发送装置在需要较高输出电压时，任意多个发送通道的输出端可以级联(串联)输出，提供更高的输出电压。
4、本发明采用RC低通滤波电路直接降低矩形波的边沿变化率后进行高保真功率放大，再对大地供电，从而显著降低电法勘探信号发送回路产生的电磁耦合干扰，改善接收信号的信噪比和接收数据质量；本发明适合在电法勘探信号发送中使用，尤其适合频率域激电信号发送方案中用来压制电磁耦合干扰对激电信号测量的影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明的电法勘探信号发送装置的结构框图。
图2为图1中隔离驱动电路的电路原理图。
图3为图1中低通滤波电路的电路原理图。
图4为本发明的矩形波上升沿波形仿真图。
图5为本发明的矩形波下降沿波形仿真图。
图6为本发明发送方波时经过隔离驱动电路和低通滤波电路后的输出波形示意图。
图7为本发明发送组合矩形波时经过隔离驱动电路和低通滤波电路后的输出波形示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1所示，一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，包括矩形波信号源、给大地供电的输出回路和多个发送通道，每个发送通道均包括依次串接的隔离驱动电路、低通滤波电路、功率放大电路，第一发送通道包括隔离驱动电路1、低通滤波电路1、功率放大电路1，第二发送通道包括隔离驱动电路2、低通滤波电路2、功率放大电路2，第三发送通道包括隔离驱动电路3、低通滤波电路3、功率放大电路3，...，第n发送通道包括隔离驱动电路n、低通滤波电路n、功率放大电路n，矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波，矩形波信号源的信号输出端与每个发送通道的隔离驱动电路的输入端相连，所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端可单独或级联(串联)连接输出回路为大地供电。
所述矩形波信号源通常采用单片机产生矩形波或复合矩形波信号，也可以采用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD、现场可编程门阵列器件FPGA、数字信号处理器DSP、直接数字式频率合成器DDS、搭建时序逻辑电路产生。
隔离驱动电路可以是光耦隔离、光纤隔离、隔离驱动芯片、隔离驱动模块中的一种来实现隔离驱动功能。如图2所示，所述隔离驱动电路包括第一电阻R01、第二电阻R02、光耦U1、第一场效应管Q1、第二场效应管Q2，所述第一场效应管Q1为P沟道增强型场效应管，第二场效应管Q2为N沟道增强型场效应管。所述第一电阻R01的一端作为隔离驱动电路的输入端IN并连接矩形波信号源的输出端，第一电阻R01的另一端连接逛光耦U1的第1引脚，光耦U1的第2引脚接地，光耦U1的第4引脚分别与第二电阻R02的一端、第一场效应管Q1的栅极、第二场效应管Q2的栅极相连，第二电阻R02的另一端、第一场效应管Q1的源极与参考电源VCC相连，光耦U1的第3引脚、第 二场效应管Q2的源极均与该通道的参考负电源VEE相连，第一场效应管Q1的漏极与第二场效应管Q2的漏极相连并作为隔离驱动电路的输出端。
图2中，矩形波信号源产生的矩形波或复合矩形波由光耦U1的第1引脚输入，第4引脚输出，矩形波信号源输出高电平时，光耦U1内部的发光二极管发光、光敏三极管饱和导通，光耦U1的第4引脚输出低电平，Q1导通、Q2截止，LPin端输出高电平(VCC)；矩形波信号源输出低电平时，光耦U1内部的发光二极管发光、光敏三极管截止，光耦U1的第4引脚输出高电平，Q1截止、Q2导通，LPin端输出低电平(VEE)。隔离驱动电路完成矩形波信号源与光耦U1后级电路的电隔离，并将矩形波信号钳制在VEE～VCC范围内(高电平VCC，低电平VEE，VCC、VEE分别为数值相等的高精度正电源和负电源)。
低通滤波电路为时间常数固定或多档可选或可调节的RC低通滤波电路；如图3所示，所述低通滤波电路包括电容C、与电容串联的可任意切换的电阻，电阻与电容构成RC低通滤波电路，低通滤波后的信号由电容C的上端，即LPout端输出。其中，隔离驱动电路的输出端与低通滤波电路的LPin端相连接，LPin端与开关S0左端、电阻R1左端、电阻R2左端、…、电阻Rn左端相连接，电阻R1的右端与开关S1左端相连接，电阻R2的右端与开关S2左端相连接，…、电阻Rn的右端与开关Sn左端相连接，电容C的上端分别与开关S0右端、开关S1右端、开关S2右端、…、开关Sn右端相连接，电容C的下端与电源地相连接，低通滤波后的信号由电容的上端即LPout端输出到功率放大电路的输入端。
在频率域激电法的应用中，矩形波信号的频率通常在0.01Hz～10Hz之间，时间常数设定在0～40mS之间，时间常数可调或多档时间常数可切换，每个发 送通道的低通滤波电路的时间常数相同。
所述功率放大电路采用高保真数字功放电路，即为模拟功率放大电路或数字功率放大电路，电源转换效率高且轻便可靠；功放增益设计为多档可选或设计为固定增益，以保证增益精度和输出电平的稳定性。所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端可以单独为大地提供电流；也可以级联(串联)连接输出回路为大地供电，以提供更高的输出电压；或者在接地电阻很低的地区采用输出端并联的方法用于提供更大的输出电流。
一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波信号并送入各发送通道；
步骤二：各发送通道中，隔离驱动电路对矩形波信号源产生的矩形波或复合矩形波信号进行电隔离后输出；
步骤三：低通滤波电路对隔离驱动电路输出的信号进行滤波后输出，通过改变低通滤波电路中支路开关的通断来改变接入的支路数量，从而改变低通滤波电路的时间常数；
步骤四：功率放大电路对低通滤波电路输出的信号进行放大后输出；
步骤五：各发送通道中的功率放大电路输出的信号经输出回路后单独或串联后对大地供电。
发送机输出信号取样后作为校准信号送接收机校准，校准后的接收机即可进行实际测量；切换发送端的低通滤波时间常数后，接收机需要与发送机联机进行校准，然后进行实际测量；亦可预先针对发送波形的各个低通滤波时间常数逐一联机校准接收机，在施工中约定发送装置的低通滤波时间常数及其对应的接收机校准档位保持一致，即可进行实际测量。
参见图4和图5，本发明的矩形波边沿低通滤波仿真图，切换低通滤波时 间常数，即可改变矩形波边沿变化率，经功放后输出为大地供电，即可大幅降低电法勘探信号发送端引起的电磁耦合干扰。
参见图6-图7，图6-图7为本发明发送方波或组合矩形波时的信号发送装置部分测试点波形示意图。其中，图6为发送方波时的波形，图6中波形u1为矩形波信号源经过隔离驱动电路后的输出波形示意图，u2为波形u1经过低通滤波后的输出波形，u2的波形经过功率放大电路高效保真放大后对大地供电，或者多个信号发送通道的功放输出端级联(串联)后输出更高高压的方波信号对大地供电；图7为发送组合矩形波的波形，波形u3为矩形波信号源经过隔离驱动电路后的输出波形示意图，u4为波形u3经低通滤波后的输出波形示意图，u4所示波形经后级功率放大电路高效保真放大后对大地供电，或者多个信号发送通道的功放输出端级联(串联)后输出更高高压的组合矩形波信号对大地供电。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：包括矩形波信号源、给大地供电的输出回路和多个发送通道，每个发送通道均包括依次串接的隔离驱动电路、低通滤波电路、功率放大电路，矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波，矩形波信号源的信号输出端与每个发送通道的隔离驱动电路的输入端相连，所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端连接输出回路为大地供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：所述隔离驱动电路包括第一电阻、第二电阻、光耦、第一场效应管、第二场效应管，所述第一电阻的一端作为隔离驱动电路的输入端并连接矩形波信号源的输出端，第一电阻的另一端连接逛光耦的第1引脚，光耦的第2引脚接地，光耦的第4引脚分别与第二电阻的一端、第一场效应管的栅极、第二场效应管的栅极相连，第二电阻的另一端、第一场效应管的源极与参考电源VCC相连，光耦的第3引脚、第二场效应管的源极均与该通道的参考负电源VEE相连，第一场效应管的漏极与第二场效应管的漏极相连并作为隔离驱动电路的输出端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：所述第一场效应管为P沟道增强型场效应管，第二场效应管为N沟道增强型场效应管。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：所述低通滤波电路包括电容、第一开关，所述第一开关的一端作为低通滤波电路的输入端并连接隔离驱动电路的输出端，第一开关的另一端与电容一端连接在一起并作为低通滤波电路的输出端，电容另一端接地，所述第一 开关两端并接若干个支路，每个支路均包括串联的一个电阻和一个开关。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：每个发送通道的低通滤波电路的时间常数相同，时间常数设定在0～40mS之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：所述矩形波信号源采用单片机、可编程逻辑器件CPLD、现场可编程门阵列器件FPGA、数字信号处理器DSP、直接数字式频率合成器DDS、时序逻辑电路中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置，其特征在于：所有发送通道的功率放大电路的输出端单独，或多个功率放大电路串联连接输出回路为大地供电。
  8. 一种根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送装置的电法勘探信号发送方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：矩形波信号源产生矩形波或复合矩形波信号并送入各发送通道；
    步骤二：各发送通道中，隔离驱动电路对矩形波信号源产生的矩形波或复合矩形波信号进行电隔离后输出；
    步骤三：低通滤波电路对隔离驱动电路输出的信号进行滤波后输出；
    步骤四：功率放大电路对低通滤波电路输出的信号进行放大后输出；
    步骤五：各发送通道中的功率放大电路输出的信号经输出回路后单独或串联后对大地供电。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的压制电磁耦合干扰的电法勘探信号发送方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，通过改变低通滤波电路中支路开关的通断来改变接入的支路数量，从而改变低通滤波电路的时间常数。
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