WO2021196811A1 - 转盘式内燃机 - Google Patents

转盘式内燃机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196811A1
WO2021196811A1 PCT/CN2021/000045 CN2021000045W WO2021196811A1 WO 2021196811 A1 WO2021196811 A1 WO 2021196811A1 CN 2021000045 W CN2021000045 W CN 2021000045W WO 2021196811 A1 WO2021196811 A1 WO 2021196811A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turntable
connecting rod
carriage
slide rail
internal combustion
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PCT/CN2021/000045
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁新文
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袁新文
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Publication of WO2021196811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196811A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F02B53/04—Charge admission or combustion-gas discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F02B53/04—Charge admission or combustion-gas discharge
    • F02B53/08—Charging, e.g. by means of rotary-piston pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F02B53/12—Ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B55/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons
    • F02B55/02—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B55/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons
    • F02B55/08—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/40—Other reciprocating-piston engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular to a turntable type internal combustion engine.
  • the advantage of this kind of internal combustion engine is that it has good sealing and lubrication performance and reliable operation; the disadvantage is that the crank connecting rod device has low efficiency when converting the linear motion of the piston into circular motion, mainly due to the limitation of the displacement and the limited length of the crank. In addition, due to the influence of the rotation angle, the efficiency of converting the maximum expansion force of the combustible gas into rotational kinetic energy at the initial stage of combustion is affected; the reciprocating motion of the crank and its connecting parts has a large inertial impact force, the structure of the crank connecting rod is more complicated, and the manufacturing cost is high.
  • the utility model provides a turntable type device to replace the crank connecting rod device to realize the conversion between the linear movement of the piston and the rotation movement of the main shaft, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • the turntable device is composed of cylinders, pistons, turntables, spindles, connecting rods, rocker arms and sliding frame components.
  • the turntable is a disc-shaped disc with a slide rail concentric with the disk at its edge.
  • the turntable is fixedly installed on the spindle in an eccentric state. When the spindle rotates, the distance between the slide rail and the center of the spindle is sometimes close and sometimes far away.
  • the size is the size of the piston stroke; the slide rail is divided into an inner slide rail and an outer slide rail, on which a slide frame assembly composed of an inner pulley (or inner slide block) and an outer pulley (or outer slide block) is installed.
  • the frame assembly is connected with the rocker arm and one end of the connecting rod.
  • the other end of the rocker arm is hinged to the turntable box.
  • the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the piston.
  • the connecting rod performs work on the piston through the sliding frame assembly connected to it. The force of the movement is applied to the outer edge of the turntable, pushing the turntable to rotate around the center of the main shaft.
  • ⁇ Appropriate distance> refers to the shortest distance between the cylinder center line and the spindle center line when the cylinder center line and the spindle center line are perpendicular to each other. As shown in Figure 1-C, ⁇ appropriate distance> is the distance between points A and B.
  • the turntable mounted on the main shaft is a disc-shaped disc, and the edge is provided with inner and outer slide rails that surround the disc and are concentric with the disc.
  • the spindle center is in an eccentric state and is fixed by a flat key connection.
  • the eccentricity is one-half of the piston stroke; according to the output power requirements, the diameter of the turntable can be selected in the range of 100 mm to 8000 mm, and the eccentricity can be in the range of 100 mm to 8000 mm.
  • the number of turntables installed on a single spindle can be set within 1 ⁇ 50; when the turntable rotates, the distance between the slide rail and the spindle center is sometimes close and sometimes far away, and the difference between the farthest and the nearest is equal to the piston The itinerary.
  • the slide rails set on the edge of the turntable are divided into inner slide rails and outer slide rails.
  • the trajectory line is a circular or elliptical line that is sometimes close to and sometimes away from the center of the main shaft; an inner pulley (or inner slide), an outer pulley (or Outer sliding block) and sliding frame combined into a sliding frame assembly.
  • Figure 12 The carriage is divided into two types: integrated carriage and assembled carriage. Both carriages are equipped with a carriage linkage rocker arm connecting shaft. Two inner pulley shafts and two outer pulley shafts are provided. The inner pulley and the outer pulley are installed respectively. The inner and outer sliding blocks are installed on the assembled sliding frame; the sliding frame connecting rod rocker arm connecting shaft and connecting rod, The rocker arm is in clearance fit.
  • the piston drives the connecting rod to move up and down
  • the sliding frame assembly swings with the inner and outer slide rails around the connecting shaft of the sliding frame connecting rod rocker arm, pushing the eccentric turntable to rotate along the center of the main shaft.
  • L is the distance between the centerline of the turntable and the centerline of the inner pulley shaft
  • L+L1 is the distance between the centerline of the turntable and the centerline of the connecting shaft of the carriage linkage rocker arm
  • L+L1+L2 is the center of the turntable.
  • the distance between the line and the radius of gyration of the center line of the outer pulley shaft, H1 is the distance between the two inner pulley shafts.
  • one end of the connecting rod is connected with the piston, and the other end is connected with the movable end of the carriage assembly and the rocker arm.
  • the carriage assembly connected to the connecting rod pushes the turntable around The spindle center rotates.
  • the installation position of the rocker arm is on the right side of the connecting rod, the movable end of the rocker arm is connected with the carriage assembly and the connecting rod, and the other end is hinged on the box body of the turntable box ; Due to the need of assembly, the rocker arm is divided into two parts for manufacturing, and bolted into one body during installation.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram when the piston is at the top dead center during internal pushing
  • Figure 1-B is a schematic diagram when the piston is at bottom dead center during internal pushing.
  • the linear motion of the piston is converted to the rotary motion of the turntable.
  • the compression and exhaust stroke is driven by the inner slide rail to move the inner pulley and the connecting rod piston upward, which is the rotary motion of the turntable is converted into the linear motion of the piston; 2.
  • the explosion stroke is downward by the piston through the connecting rod and the inner pulley on the carriage assembly Movement
  • these two conversion methods are essentially the mutual conversion of mechanical linear motion and mechanical rotary motion.
  • the eccentric turntable repeatedly completes the linear motion. Converted into rotary motion or rotary motion into linear motion, so that the cylinder completes the entire stroke of suction, pressure, explosion, and discharge.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram when the piston is at top dead center during extrapolation
  • Figure 1-D is a schematic diagram when the piston is at bottom dead center during extrapolation.
  • the method of extrapolation is essentially the mutual conversion of mechanical linear motion and mechanical rotary motion.
  • the center line of the cylinder and the center line of the main shaft are perpendicular to each other and the two center lines are in the same plane.
  • the center line of the cylinder and the center line of the main shaft are also set to be perpendicular to each other, but The center line of the cylinder deviates from the center line of the main shaft by a certain distance, which is called “appropriate distance” in the present invention.
  • the "appropriate distance” can be selected in the range of 5 mm to 500 mm according to the power of the internal combustion engine and the diameter of the turntable.
  • the simulation test data shows that the machine parts are actually produced (see Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 13).
  • the turntable device obtains a torque of 15.48kg, and the crank connecting rod device
  • the obtained torque is 12.54kg;
  • the comparison between the turntable device and the crank-connecting rod device is 15.48 ⁇ 12.54 ⁇ 1.23.
  • the torque obtained by the turntable type device is greatly improved compared with the torque obtained by the crank connecting rod type device.
  • the length of the torque measuring rod is 100mm, 2.
  • the length of the connecting rod of the turntable 108mm, 4.
  • the connecting rod length of the crank-connecting rod device 110mm, 5.
  • the length of the rocker arm set on the right side of the turntable device 130mm, 6.
  • the ⁇ appropriate distance> of the turntable device 17mm, select
  • the torque test data for a number of different ⁇ appropriate distances> shows that when the ⁇ appropriate distance> is greater than the eccentricity, the torque obtained is smaller than that of the crank connecting rod, and the maximum torque is obtained when the ⁇ appropriate distance> is selected as 17 mm.
  • the utility model Compared with the currently commonly used reciprocating crank connecting rod internal combustion engine, the utility model has the following distinctive features:
  • the torque increases and the power increases.
  • the torque can be increased by changing the diameter of the turntable of the turntable internal combustion engine, thereby greatly improving Stand-alone power.
  • the turntable conversion device is composed of the main shaft and the turntable. Compared with the crank connecting rod device, it is easier to manufacture and can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the turntable internal combustion engine manufactured by using the utility model can be applied to road, railway or waterway transportation as a power source, can also be widely used in other fields, and has greater economic benefits.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the turntable conversion device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the test of the turntable conversion device
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the crank connecting rod device test
  • Figure 4 is a front structural view of an extrapolating turntable device
  • Figure 5 is a side structure diagram of an extrapolation turntable device
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the carriage assembly
  • Figure 7 is a front structural view of the push-in turntable device
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the internal push-type turntable device
  • Figure 9 is a diagram of the coordinated position of the turntable and the spindle
  • Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembled sliding frame
  • Figure 11 shows the position of the piston and connecting rod
  • Figure 12 is an end view of the integrated sliding frame assembly
  • Figure 13 is a comparison table of torque test data.
  • the turntable device is manufactured in the form of extrapolation plus forward pushing.
  • the main components are cylinder 44, piston 45, turntable box 21, turntable box 27, connecting rod 14, connecting rod 28, turntable 20, spindle 24.
  • Rocker arm one 22, rocker arm two 52, carriage one 15 or carriage two 40, carriage three 41 components and other components are combined.
  • the turntable 20 mounted on the main shaft 24 is a disc-shaped disc.
  • the main shaft 24 is made of high-quality steel, and the turntable 20 is made of cast iron.
  • the line 42 is in an eccentric state, as shown in Figure 9: it is fixed by a flat key 35 connection.
  • the inner slide rail 30 and the outer slide rail 31 arranged on the edge are concentric with the turntable 20.
  • the width of the outer slide rail 31 can be adjusted according to the output power. Choose within the range of 30 mm to 60 mm. According to the above eccentricity of 30 mm, the piston stroke in this example is 60 mm.
  • turntable box body one 21, turntable box body two 27, connecting rod one 14, and connecting rod two 28 are divided into two parts to be manufactured separately, turntable box body one 21, turntable box body
  • the material of the second 27 is aluminum alloy
  • the material of the connecting rod 14 and the connecting rod 28 is cast steel. High-strength bolts are used to fasten them into one body during assembly.
  • the upper part of the connecting rod 14 and the connecting rod 28 use the connecting rod pin 46. It is connected with the piston 45 and fixed by the circlip 29, and the lower part is connected with the carriage assembly.
  • the sliding frame is divided into two types: an integrated sliding frame and an assembled sliding frame, both of which are made of cast steel.
  • an integrated sliding frame 15 When the load is small, choose an integrated sliding frame 15 and use inner pulley 18 and the outer pulley 16 push the eccentric turntable 20 to rotate along the center of the main shaft 24.
  • the gyration radius of the center line of the wheel shaft 19 is the same, and the gyration radius of the center line of the two outer pulley shafts 17 is the same; each pulley shaft and the carriage adopt an interference fit and are fixed with a circlip, and the pulley shaft and the pulley adopt a clearance fit; first install the outer pulley 16 on On carriage one 15, after the outer pulley 16 is matched with the outer slide rail 31, install the inner pulley 18; when the load is large, you can choose to increase the number of pulley shafts or use a prefabricated carriage, use to increase the number of pulleys or use Slider one (36), slide two (37), slide three (38), slide four (39), push the eccentric turntable 20 to rotate along the center of the main shaft 24; the distance between the two inner pulley shafts 19 of the slide 15 H1 should not be too small to prevent self-locking.
  • the length of H1 should be selected within the range of ⁇ appropriate distance> 4 to 5 times.
  • the rocker arm can be made of high-quality cast iron.
  • a lubricating oil pool 26 is provided at the bottom of turntable case one 21 and turntable case two 27, and the height of the oil level is lower than the short radius of the turntable 20 and higher than the long radius of the turntable 20;
  • the long radius of the turntable 20 rotates to the bottom, the long radius of the turntable 20 can sink into the oil pool.
  • the lubricating oil will be splashed and brought into the carriage 15. Due to the splashing effect of the turntable 20, the entire device can be affected. lubricating.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种转盘式内燃机，包括气缸（44）、活塞（45）、转盘（20）、主轴（24）、连杆（14,28,32,33）、摇臂（22,52）及滑架（15,40,41）等部件。气缸中心线（34）与主轴中心线（42）垂直并与主轴中心线（42）保持适当距离，转盘（20）呈偏心状安装在主轴（24）上，转盘（20）上设置有与转盘（20）同心的滑轨，分为内滑轨（30）和外滑轨（31），主轴（24）旋转时，滑轨的轨迹时而接近时而远离主轴中心线（42）。采用机械直线运动作用力施加在偏心转盘的方法，实现直线运动与旋转运动的转换，采用旋转作用力通过偏心转盘施加在直线运动机械的方法，实现旋转运动与直线运动的转换，通过偏心转盘与直线运动机械，实现直线运动与旋转运动的相互转换。该转盘式内燃机结构简单，运转平稳，扭矩大，功率高。

Description

转盘式内燃机 技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种内燃机，特别是涉及一种转盘式内燃机。
背景技术
在内燃机领域，目前普遍应用的是往复式曲柄连杆内燃机，这种内燃机自1876年德国发明家奥托发明以来，经过人们不断的革新改造，各项技术日趋成熟。其工作原理是利用汽缸与活塞形成的封闭空间内可燃气体燃烧产生的膨胀力，推动活塞在气缸内作往复直线运动，动能经曲柄连杆装置转换为旋转动能输出应用。这种内燃机的优点是密封润滑性能好，运行可靠；缺点是曲柄连杆装置在将活塞的直线运动转换成圆周运动时效率较低，主要是受排气量的限制，曲柄的长度受限，又由于转动角度的影响，可燃气体燃烧爆发初期最大的膨胀力转换为旋转动能的效率受到影响；曲柄及其连接件往复运动惯性冲击力大，曲柄连杆的结构较为复杂，制造成本较高。
实用新型内容
本实用新型提供一种转盘式装置用以替代曲柄连杆装置，实现活塞的直线运动与主轴旋转运动的转换，以解决上述问题。
转盘式装置由气缸、活塞、转盘、主轴、连杆、摇臂及滑架组件等部件组合而成。
转盘为盘状的圆盘，其边缘设置有与圆盘同心的滑轨，转盘呈偏心状态固定安装在主轴上，主轴旋转时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离时而接近时而远离，其差值的大小为活塞行程的大小；滑轨分为内滑轨和外滑轨，其上安装有由内滑轮(或内滑块)和外滑轮(或外滑块)组合而成的滑架组件，滑架组件与摇臂和连杆的一端连接在一起，摇臂的另一端采用铰链的方式固定在转盘箱体，连杆的另一端与活塞连接，连杆通过与其连接的滑架组件将活塞做功运动的作用力施加在转盘的外缘，推动转盘围绕主轴中心旋转。
为全面清晰地表述本实用新型，对下面技术方案涉及的有关名词说明和约定如下：
1.<适当距离>
<适当距离>是指气缸中心线和主轴中心线相互垂直时，气缸中心线与主轴中心线的最近距离。如图1-C所示，<适当距离>为甲、乙两点的距离。
2.正推和反推
用于区别活塞通过连接的机件推动转盘转动的旋转方向。当从主轴端面中心线方向观看气缸中心线偏移位于主轴中心线左侧，活塞向下运动时，推动主轴顺时针旋转称为正推，如图2-A、图2-B为正推，图中的K点是偏心转盘的最长端，与气缸中心线相交时，活塞处于上止点；活塞向下运动时，推动主轴反时针旋转称为反推。
3.外推和内推
用于区别活塞通过连接的机件推动转盘转动的方式。活塞通过连接的机件推动转盘外滑轨转动为外推，如图1-C、图1-D为外推；活塞通过连接的机件推动转盘内滑轨转动为内推，如图1-A、图1-B为内推。
具体的技术方案如下：
如图4、图5、图9、图12所示：安装在主轴上的转盘为盘状圆盘，边缘设置有环绕圆盘并且与圆盘同心的内滑轨和外滑轨，转盘中心与主轴中心呈偏心状态，采用平键连接的方式予以固定，偏心距为活塞行程的二分之一；根据输出功率的需要，转盘的直径可以在100毫米～8000毫米范围内选择，偏心距可以在10～2000毫米范围内选择，单个主轴上安装的转盘数量可以在1～50内设定；转盘旋转时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离时而接近时而远离，其 最远和最近的差值等于活塞的行程。
转盘边缘设置的滑轨分为内滑轨和外滑轨，其轨迹线为时而接近时而远离主轴中心的圆周线或椭圆线；其上安装有内滑轮(或内滑块)、外滑轮(或外滑块)和滑架组合而成的滑架组件。
如图6、图10、图12所示：滑架分为一体式滑架和装配式滑架两种，两种滑架上均设置有滑架连杆摇臂连接轴，在一体式滑架设置有两个内滑轮轴、两个外滑轮轴，分别安装内滑轮和外滑轮，在装配式滑架上安装有内滑块和外滑块；滑架连杆摇臂连接轴与连杆、摇臂为间隙配合，活塞带动连杆上下运行时，滑架组件以滑架连杆摇臂连接轴为中心随内、外滑轨轨迹线摆动，推动偏心转盘沿主轴中心旋转。
图12中L为转盘中心线与内滑轮轴中心线回转半径的距离，L+L1为转盘中心线与滑架连杆摇臂连接轴中心线回转半径的距离，L+L1+L2为转盘中心线与外滑轮轴中心线回转半径的距离，H1为两个内滑轮轴间距离。
如图4、图11所示：连杆的一端与活塞连接，另一端与滑架组件和摇臂的活动端连接在一起，活塞做功运动时，通过连杆与其连接的滑架组件推动转盘围绕主轴中心旋转。
如图4、图7所示：摇臂的安装位置位于连杆的右侧，摇臂的活动端与滑架组件和连杆相连接，另一端采用铰链的方式固定在转盘箱的箱体上；由于装配的需要，摇臂分成两部分进行制造，安装时用螺栓紧固成一体。
当气缸爆发做功推动活塞向下运动时，与连杆和摇臂连接在一起的滑架组件沿滑轨的轨迹线运动，推动固定在主轴上的转盘旋转，如图1、图2所示：转盘旋转时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离随着转盘的转动时而接近时而远离。
推动转盘的方式有二种：
一、内推的方式。如图1-A、图1-B、图7所示：活塞处于上止点时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离最近，随着转盘的转动，活塞向下止点运行，此时气缸内吸入空气，活塞运行到下止点时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离最远，完成吸气开始压缩行程，随后转盘继续转动，活塞运行到上止点时完成压缩，开始爆发做功行程，做功完成至下止点时转盘继续转动重新回到上止点，完成排气行程。主轴每转动两周，一个气缸完成一次吸、压、爆、排的全部行程。此方式中的吸气行程由外滑轮通过连杆拉动活塞向下运动完成，压缩和排气行程由内滑轨推动内滑轮及连杆活塞向上运动完成，爆发行程由活塞通过连杆及滑架组件上的内滑轮向下运动，推动内滑轨完成。图1-A为内推时活塞处于上止点时的示意图，图1-B为内推时活塞处于下止点时的示意图。
上述气缸完成吸、压、爆、排过程中，活塞的直线运动与转盘的旋转运动进行了转换，转换的方式有两种，一、吸气行程由外滑轮通过连杆拉动活塞向下运动和压缩及排气行程由内滑轨推动内滑轮及连杆活塞向上运动，是转盘的旋转运动转换成活塞的直线运动；二、爆发行程由活塞通过连杆及滑架组件上的内滑轮向下运动，是活塞的直线运动转换成转盘的旋转运动；这两种转换方式，实质是机械直线运动与机械旋转运动的互相转换，主轴在连续的旋转过程中，通过偏心转盘，重复的完成直线运动转换成旋转运动或旋转运动转换成直线运动，从而实现气缸完成吸、压、爆、排的全部行程。
二、外推的方式。如图1-C、图1-D、图4所示：当活塞处于上止点时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离最远，随着转盘的转动，活塞向下止点运行，此时气缸内吸入空气，活塞运行到下止点时，滑轨距主轴中心的距离最近，完成吸气开始压缩行程，随着转盘继续转动，活塞运行到上止点时完成压缩开始爆发做功行程，再旋转至下止点时完成做功后转盘继续转动重新回到上止点，完成排气行程。主轴每转动两周，一个气缸完成一次吸、压、爆、排的全部行程。此方式中吸气行程由内滑轮通过连杆拉动活塞向下运动完成，压缩和排气行程由外滑轨推动外滑轮及连杆活塞向上运动完成，爆发行程由活塞通过连杆及滑架组件上的外滑轮向下运动，推动外滑轨完成。图1-C为外推时活塞处于上止点时的示意图，图1-D为外推时活塞处于下 止点时的示意图。
外推的方式，实质上也是机械直线运动与机械旋转运动的互相转换。
当气缸爆发做功推动活塞向下运动时，与活塞连接的连杆会随着转盘的转动沿主轴径向摆动，为保证连杆沿既定的轨迹运行，采用摇臂式结构予以解决。如图4所示，摇臂的活动端与滑架组件和连杆相连接，另一端采用铰链的方式固定在转盘箱的箱体上。与摇臂活动端相连接的连杆及滑架组件沿滑轨的轨迹线运动时，受摇臂的限制只能在受控的范围内运动，实现稳定可靠的运转。
对于传统的曲柄连杆式内燃机，气缸的中心线与主轴的中心线相互垂直并且两中心线处在一个平面内，本实用新型中气缸的中心线与主轴的中心线也设置为相互垂直，但气缸的中心线与主轴的中心线偏离一定的距离，本实用新型称为<适当距离>，<适当距离>可以根据内燃机功率及转盘直径的大小在5毫米～500毫米的范围内选择。
依据以上原理实际制作了机件进行的模拟测试数据显示(见图2、图3、图13)，在施加的作用力完全相同情况下，转盘式装置获得扭矩为15.48kg，曲柄连杆式装置获得扭矩为12.54kg；转盘式装置和曲柄连杆式装置对比，15.48÷12.54≈1.23。转盘式装置获得扭矩相比曲柄连杆式装置获得扭矩有大幅提高。
测试中，采用了同一个活塞、同一个气缸、同一个弹簧和同一个力矩测杆对转盘式装置和曲柄连杆式装置分别进行测试，两种装置的偏心距均等于30毫米，转盘式装置采用的是外推和正推的方式，图2、图3中仅绘制了转角为20°和100°两个角度时的示意图，实际共进行了8个角度的测试；图13中所述的<自重测得扭矩>指未加弹簧在自然状态下由活塞、连杆等零部件重力下垂时测得的扭矩，加弹簧后实际所获得的扭矩应该是：<加弹簧后测得扭矩>减去<自重测得扭矩>。其它的主要数据是：1.力矩测杆的长度均＝100毫米，2.转盘的外滑轨直径＝240毫米，转盘的内滑轨直径＝227毫米，3.转盘式装置的连杆长度＝108毫米，4.曲柄连杆式装置的连杆长度＝110毫米，5.转盘式装置在右侧设置的摇臂长度＝130毫米，6.转盘式装置的<适当距离>＝17毫米，选择多个不同的<适当距离>进行力矩测试数据显示，当<适当距离>大于偏心距时所获得扭矩小于曲柄连杆，当<适当距离>选择为17毫米时获得的扭矩最大。
与目前普遍使用的往复式曲柄连杆内燃机相比，本实用新型具有以下鲜明特点：
1.运转平稳震动小。由于采用转盘转动的方式将活塞的直线运动转换为转动的圆周运动，运转平稳震动小，可大幅降低内燃机怠速的转数，做到节能减排。
2.扭矩增大功率提高。与往复式曲柄连杆内燃机相比，使用相同直径的活塞，在不增加活塞行程的情况下(即不改变排气量)，可以通过改变转盘式内燃机的转盘直径提升扭矩，从而大幅度的提高单机功率。
3.转盘式转换装置由主轴和转盘组合而成，相比曲柄连杆装置，更易于加工制造，可以有效的降低制造成本。
使用本实用新型制作的转盘式内燃机，可应用于公路、铁路或水路运输做为动力源，在其他领域也可广泛应用，具有较大的经济效益。
附图说明
图1为转盘式转换装置工作原理示意图；
图2为转盘式转换装置测试示意图；
图3为曲柄连杆装置测试示意图；
图4为外推式转盘装置正面结构图；
图5为外推式转盘装置侧面结构图；
图6为滑架组件局部剖面图；
图7为内推式转盘装置正面结构图；
图8为内推式转盘装置侧面结构图；
图9为转盘与主轴配合位置图；
图10为装配式滑架局部剖面图；
图11为活塞与连杆位置图；
图12为一体式滑架组件端面图；
图13为扭矩测试数据比较表。
图中标记：1.示意图弹簧，2.示意图气缸，3.示意图活塞，4.示意图连杆，5.示意图曲柄，6.示意图力矩测杆，7.示意图拉力计，8.示意图摇臂，9.示意图主轴，10.示意图外滑轨，11.示意图滑轮，12.示意图内滑轨，13.示意图滑架组件，14.连杆一，15.滑架一，16.外滑轮，17.外滑轮轴，18.内滑轮，19.内滑轮轴，20.转盘，21.转盘箱体一，22.摇臂一，23.摇臂轴，24.主轴，25.转盘箱体固定螺孔，26.润滑油池，27.转盘箱体二，28.连杆二，29.卡簧，30.内滑轨，31.外滑轨，32.连杆三，33.连杆四，34.气缸中心线，35.平键，36.滑块一，37.滑块二，38.滑块三，39.滑块四，40.滑架二，41.滑架三，42.主轴中心线，43.转盘中心线，44.气缸，45.活塞，46.连杆销，47.滑架紧固螺栓，48.与滑架摇臂连接孔，49.滑架连杆摇臂连接轴中心线，50.摇臂紧固螺栓，51.连杆紧固螺栓，52.摇臂二。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
如图4、图5所示：转盘式装置采用外推加正推的形式制造，主要数据如下：偏心距＝30毫米，<适当距离>＝17毫米，外滑轨31直径＝240毫米，内滑轨30直径＝227毫米，连杆一14、连杆二28长度<与滑架摇臂连接孔48中心与连杆销46孔中心长度>＝110毫米，摇臂一22、摇臂二52长度<滑架连杆摇臂连接轴中心线49中心与摇臂轴23孔中心长度>＝130毫米。
如图4、图5、图10、图11所示：主要部件由气缸44、活塞45、转盘箱体一21、转盘箱体二27、连杆一14、连杆二28、转盘20、主轴24、摇臂一22、摇臂二52及滑架一15或滑架二40、滑架三41组件等部件组合而成。安装在主轴24上的转盘20为盘状圆盘，为保证强度防止变形，主轴24使用优质钢材，转盘20使用铸铁制造，本例转盘20外缘线为圆周线，转盘中心线43与主轴中心线42呈偏心状态，如图9所示：采用平键35连接的方式予以固定，边缘上设置的内滑轨30和外滑轨31与转盘20同心，外滑轨31的宽度可根据输出功率在30毫米～60毫米范围内选择，按照上述偏心距为30毫米计算，本例活塞行程为60毫米。
如图5、图11所示：根据装配的需要，转盘箱体一21、转盘箱体二27和连杆一14、连杆二28分成两部分分别制造，转盘箱体一21、转盘箱体二27的材料选用铝合金，连杆一14、连杆二28的材料选用铸钢，装配时使用高强度螺栓紧固成一体，连杆一14、连杆二28的上部使用连杆销46与活塞45连接并用卡簧29固定，下部与滑架组件连接。
如图6、图10、图12所示：滑架分为一体式滑架和装配式滑架两种，均使用铸钢制造，负荷较小时，选择用一体式滑架一15，使用内滑轮18和外滑轮16推动偏心转盘20沿主轴24中心旋转，应用时，要注意保持转盘中心线43与内滑轮轴19中心线、外滑轮轴17中心线在一条直线上，并保证两个内滑轮轴19中心线回转半径一致、两个外滑轮轴17中心线回转半径一致；各滑轮轴与滑架采用过盈配合并用卡簧固定，滑轮轴与滑轮采用间隙配合；先将外滑轮16安装在滑架一15上，将外滑轮16与外滑轨31吻合后，再安装内滑轮18；负荷较大时，可选择用增加滑轮轴的数量或用装配式滑架，使用增加滑轮数量或使用滑块一(36)、滑块二(37)和滑块三(38)、滑块四(39)，推动偏心转盘20沿主轴24中心旋转；滑架一15两 个内滑轮轴19间距离H1不宜过小，防止出现自锁，H1的长度在<适当距离>4～5倍范围内选择。
摇臂可使用优质铸铁，确定摇臂的固定端时，可先确定活塞45处于上止点后，将气缸中心线34与摇臂一22、摇臂二52的中心线保持90度，再确定摇臂一22、摇臂二52的固定端，使用摇臂紧固螺栓50将摇臂一22、摇臂二52紧固成一体。
如图4、图5所示，在转盘箱体一21、转盘箱体二27的底部设置有润滑油池26，油面的高度要低于转盘20的短半径高于转盘20的长半径；当转盘20的长半径旋转至底部时，转盘20的长半径可以沉入油池内，旋转过程中将润滑油溅起并带入滑架一15，由于转盘20的飞溅作用，实现对整个装置的润滑。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种转盘式内燃机，包括气缸(44)、活塞(45)、转盘(20)、主轴(24)、连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)、连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)、摇臂一(22)、摇臂二(52)及滑架一(15)、滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)等部件，其特征在于：气缸中心线(34)与主轴中心线(42)垂直并与主轴中心线(42)保持5毫米～500毫米的距离；转盘(20)安装在主轴(24)上，转盘(20)中心与主轴(24)中心呈偏心状态；转盘(20)上设置有与转盘(20)同心的滑轨，滑轨分为内滑轨(30)和外滑轨(31)，主轴旋转时，滑轨的轨迹线时而接近时而远离主轴中心线(42)；采用机械直线运动作用力施加在偏心转盘(20)的方法，实现直线运动与旋转运动的转换，采用旋转作用力通过偏心转盘(20)施加在直线运动机械的方法，实现旋转运动与直线运动的转换，通过偏心转盘(20)与直线运动的机械，实现直线运动与旋转运动的互相转换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：由转盘(20)、连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)、连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)及控制滑架一(15)、滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)运行的摇臂式结构等机件组成转盘式转换装置，将活塞(45)的直线运动转换为主轴(24)的旋转运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：转盘(20)中心与主轴(24)中心呈偏心状态，偏心距的范围是10毫米～2000毫米，转盘(20)的直径范围是100毫米～8000毫米，转盘(20)数量是1个～50个。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：所述内滑轨(30)和外滑轨(31)与转盘(20)为同心设置，主轴旋转时，内滑轨(30)和外滑轨(31)的轨迹线为时而接近时而远离主轴(24)中心的圆周线或椭圆线。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)或连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)通过与其连接的滑架一(15)上安装的外滑轮(16)和内滑轮(18)将活塞直线运动的作用力施加在转盘(20)的滑轨，推动转盘(20)围绕主轴(24)中心旋转。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)或连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)通过与其连接的滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)上安装的滑块一(36)、滑块二(37)和滑块三(38)、滑块四(39)将活塞直线运动的作用力施加在转盘(20)的滑轨，推动转盘(20)围绕主轴(24)中心旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)与其连接的滑架一(15)或滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)及其组件通过外推加正推的方式，推动转盘(20)围绕主轴(24)中心旋转。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)与其连接的滑架一(15)或滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)及其组件通过内推加正推的方式，推动转盘(20)围绕主轴(24)中心旋转。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的转盘式内燃机，其特征在于：采用摇臂式结构用于对连杆一(14)、连杆二(28)或连杆三(32)、连杆四(33)的支撑，控制滑架一(15)或滑架二(40)、滑架三(41)及其组件沿滑轨实现稳定可靠的运行。
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