WO2021196790A1 - 透明显示面板、显示装置及眼镜 - Google Patents

透明显示面板、显示装置及眼镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196790A1
WO2021196790A1 PCT/CN2020/141614 CN2020141614W WO2021196790A1 WO 2021196790 A1 WO2021196790 A1 WO 2021196790A1 CN 2020141614 W CN2020141614 W CN 2020141614W WO 2021196790 A1 WO2021196790 A1 WO 2021196790A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
display panel
light
transparent display
metasurface lens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/141614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭宇娇
王维
孟宪芹
凌秋雨
闫萌
田依杉
薛高磊
彭玮婷
陈小川
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/435,011 priority Critical patent/US20220317542A1/en
Publication of WO2021196790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196790A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/52—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
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    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • G02F1/133622—Colour sequential illumination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, for example, to a transparent display panel, a display device, and glasses.
  • Augmented Reality (AR) display technology can realize superimposed display of virtual information and real scenes.
  • the user can use AR glasses to superimpose virtual information on the real world, so that the human eye can see the virtual object and the real environment at the same time, so that the two kinds of information can complement each other, thereby realizing interaction with the real world.
  • a transparent display panel has a plurality of sub-pixel areas, and the plurality of sub-pixel areas are divided into at least two display unit groups.
  • the transparent display panel includes: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged on the box; a light emission control layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the light emission control layer is configured to control each The light output state of the sub-pixel area.
  • the first substrate includes: a first substrate; a dimming assembly disposed on one side of the first substrate, the dimming assembly includes a plurality of dimming lenses, each of the dimming lenses is configured to make a sub-pixel area
  • the light emitted from the at least two display unit groups is transmitted to the human eye and is imaged on a corresponding focal plane, and the plurality of dimming lenses are configured to image the light emitted from the at least two display unit groups on different focal planes;
  • the focal plane is located on the side of the transparent display panel away from human eyes.
  • the dimming lens includes a metasurface lens.
  • the metasurface lens includes: a transparent substrate; a plurality of microstructures, the plurality of microstructures are disposed on the surface of the transparent substrate close to the first substrate, or the plurality of microstructures are disposed on the The transparent substrate is on the surface away from the first substrate.
  • the plurality of microstructures are arranged into a plurality of ring structures, the central axes of the plurality of ring structures approximately overlap, and the plurality of ring structures are directed from the center of the transparent substrate The directions of the edges of the transparent substrate are arranged in sequence.
  • the orthographic projection of each of the plurality of ring structures on the transparent substrate is substantially rectangular.
  • the ratio of the size of the rectangle along the length direction to the size of the rectangle along the width direction is approximately equal to the size of the corresponding sub-pixel area along the length direction and the corresponding sub-pixel area along the width direction. The ratio of the dimensions.
  • the central axis of the plurality of ring structures approximately coincide with the central axis of the corresponding sub-pixel region; and/or, the orthographic projection of the metasurface lens on the first substrate is The edge roughly overlaps with the edge of the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel area on the first substrate.
  • the maximum cross-sectional width of each microstructure in the plurality of microstructures is less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the metasurface lens includes a transmission phase type metasurface lens.
  • the plurality of microstructures in the transmission phase metasurface lens includes a plurality of cylinders, and the axes of the plurality of cylinders are substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate; the plurality of cylinders The dimensions of the bodies along the respective axis directions are approximately equal, and the diameter of each of the plurality of cylinders is proportional to the amount of phase change of light passing through the transmission phase metasurface lens.
  • the plurality of microstructures in the transmission phase metasurface lens includes a plurality of cylindrical holes, and the axes of the plurality of cylindrical holes are substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate; the plurality of cylindrical holes The dimensions of the holes along the respective axis directions are approximately equal, and the diameter of each of the plurality of cylindrical holes is proportional to the amount of phase change of light passing through the transmission phase metasurface lens.
  • the metasurface lens includes a geometric phase type metasurface lens;
  • the plurality of microstructures in the geometric phase type metasurface lens includes a plurality of rectangular prisms, and the axes of the plurality of rectangular prisms are approximately Perpendicular to the transparent substrate;
  • the size of the plurality of rectangular prisms is approximately the same, the rotation angle of each rectangular prism of the plurality of rectangular prisms and the amount of phase change of light passing through the geometric phase metasurface lens are positive Compare.
  • the transparent display panel further includes: a polarizer disposed between the geometric phase metasurface lens and the light emission control layer, and the polarizer is configured so that the light emission control layer The light directed to the geometric phase metasurface lens is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light.
  • the light phase ⁇ at each light exit position on the metasurface lens satisfies the following formula:
  • y is the vertical distance from the light-emitting position of the metasurface lens to the first plane
  • x is the vertical distance from the light-emitting position of the metasurface lens to the second plane
  • a is the focal point of the metasurface lens to the first plane.
  • the first substrate is used instead of the transparent substrate; the plurality of microstructures are disposed on the surface of the first substrate close to the light emission control layer, or the plurality of microstructures It is arranged on the surface of the first substrate away from the light emission control layer.
  • the light emission control layer includes: liquid crystal; and, an electrode layer configured to drive the liquid crystal under the action of an electric field to control the light emission state of each sub-pixel area.
  • the second substrate is a waveguide layer; the refractive index of the waveguide layer is greater than the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal, and the refractive index of the waveguide layer is less than or equal to the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal. Rate.
  • a display device in another aspect, includes the transparent display panel according to any one of the above embodiments; an edge-type collimated light source, and the side-type collimated light source is disposed on at least one side of a second substrate in the transparent display panel.
  • a pair of glasses in another aspect, includes a supporting structure; at least one transparent display panel according to any one of the above embodiments is installed on the supporting structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of multiple sub-pixel regions in a transparent display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a transparent display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a dimming assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a light path diagram of a transparent display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5A is an optical path diagram of a metasurface lens according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 5B is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting position of the metasurface lens and the first plane and the second plane according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • 5C is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the focal point of the metasurface lens and the first plane and the second plane according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of another first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of still another first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9A is a structural diagram of a transmission phase type metasurface lens according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 9B is a cross-sectional view of the transmission phase type metasurface lens along the AA' direction in FIG. 9A;
  • 10A is a structural diagram of another transmission phase type metasurface lens according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 10B is a cross-sectional view of the transmission phase type metasurface lens along the BB' direction in FIG. 10A;
  • Fig. 11A is a structural diagram of a geometric phase metasurface lens according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the geometric phase metasurface lens in FIG. 11A along the CC' direction;
  • FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of another transparent display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the expressions “coupled” and “connected” and their extensions may be used.
  • the term “connected” may be used when describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • the term “coupled” may be used when describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact.
  • the term “coupled” or “communicatively coupled” may also mean that two or more components are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the content of this document.
  • the AR glasses include two transparent display panels, which correspond to the left eye and the right eye of a person, respectively.
  • Each transparent display panel can generate a virtual image, and the virtual image is superimposed with the real environment observed by the human eye through the transparent display panel, thereby realizing an augmented reality display function.
  • the transparent display panel includes a grating, and the light emitted from a plurality of sub-pixel regions of the transparent display panel is diffracted by the grating and then enters the human eye, thereby realizing the function of displaying a stereoscopic virtual image.
  • grating diffraction affects the efficiency and angle of the emitted light, which results in low light-emitting efficiency of the transparent display panel, poor transparency, and a small field of view angle.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transparent display panel 10.
  • the transparent display panel 10 can be applied to a display device, and the display device can be any product or component with display function such as AR helmet, AR glasses, mobile phone, tablet computer, TV, monitor, notebook computer, digital photo frame, navigator, etc. .
  • the transparent display panel 10 has a plurality of sub-pixel regions P, and the plurality of sub-pixel regions P are divided into at least two display unit groups.
  • the multiple sub-pixel regions P of the transparent display panel 10 are divided into a first display unit group 101A, a second display unit group 101B, and a third display unit group 101C.
  • each row of sub-pixel areas P includes sub-pixel areas located in the first display unit group 101A, sub-pixel areas located in the second display unit group 101B, and sub-pixel areas located in the third display unit group 101C, and are located in the first display unit group 101C.
  • the sub-pixel areas of a display unit group 101A, the sub-pixel areas of the second display unit group 101B, and the sub-pixel areas of the third display unit group 101C are alternately arranged in the row direction.
  • the display unit groups in the transparent display panel 10 there are many ways to divide the display unit groups in the transparent display panel 10, as long as the divided into at least two display unit groups can be respectively imaged on different focal planes, so in practical applications It is not limited to the division method shown in this example.
  • the transparent display panel 10 includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 arranged in a box, and a light emission control layer 3 arranged between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.
  • the light-emitting control layer 3 is configured to control the light-emitting state of each sub-pixel area P.
  • “controlling the light-emitting state of each sub-pixel area P” refers to controlling whether each sub-pixel area P can face the first substrate 1.
  • the light is emitted from one side of the sub-pixel area P, and the gray scale of the emitted light of each sub-pixel area P is controlled. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG.
  • the transparent display panel 10 is a liquid crystal display panel
  • the light emission control layer 3 includes a liquid crystal 301 and an electrode layer 302.
  • the electrode layer 302 is configured to drive the liquid crystal 301 under the action of an electric field to control each The light output state of each sub-pixel area P. It should be noted that the present disclosure does not limit the arrangement of the electrode layer 302.
  • the substrate 1 or the second substrate 2 may also be provided on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 respectively as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel may be an IPS (In Plane Switch, lateral electric field effect) type liquid crystal display panel, a TN (Twist Nematic, twisted nematic) type liquid crystal display panel, or an FFS (Fringe Field Switching, fringe field switching type) liquid crystal display panel.
  • IPS In Plane Switch, lateral electric field effect
  • TN Transist Nematic, twisted nematic
  • FFS Frringe Field Switching, fringe field switching type liquid crystal display panel.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the display panel and the like.
  • the second substrate 2 is a waveguide layer 21.
  • the refractive index of the waveguide layer 21 is greater than the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal 301, and the refractive index of the waveguide layer 21 is less than or equal to the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal 301.
  • the ordinary light of the liquid crystal 301 refers to the polarized light whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid crystal 301
  • the extraordinary light of the liquid crystal 301 refers to the polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to the optical axis of the liquid crystal 103.
  • the critical angle of total reflection is:
  • n1 is the refractive index of the liquid crystal 301
  • n2 is the refractive index of the waveguide layer 21.
  • the light is emitted from the optically dense medium (such as the waveguide layer 21) to the optically thin medium (such as the liquid crystal 301), and total reflection occurs when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle of total reflection.
  • the liquid crystal 301 in the sub-pixel area P can be driven to be deflected under the action of the electric field, so that the liquid crystal in the sub-pixel area P can be changed.
  • the refractive index n1 of 301 breaks the state of total reflection and realizes the light emission from the sub-pixel area P.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal 301 in each sub-pixel area P can be adjusted, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal 301 in each sub-pixel area P can be adjusted so that each sub-pixel area P produces different display gray scales, for example, the gray scale range can be 0-255, and 256 gray scale levels can be adjusted by gradually adjusting the applied voltage.
  • the edge-type collimated light source 4 can emit three primary colors of light in a sequential manner, such as red light, green light and blue light.
  • three sub-pixel regions P can form a pixel region, and the light-emitting control layer controls the light-emitting colors of the three sub-pixel regions P to be red, green, and blue, respectively. Controlling the display gray levels of the three sub-pixel regions P can realize the display control of each pixel region, thereby realizing color display.
  • the first substrate 1 includes a first substrate 11 and a dimming component 12, and the dimming component 12 is disposed on one side of the first substrate 11.
  • the dimming assembly 12 includes a plurality of dimming lenses 121, and each dimming lens 121 is configured to transmit light from a sub-pixel area P to the human eye and form an image on a corresponding focal plane.
  • the lens 121 is configured to image the emitted light of the at least two display unit groups on different focal planes (the first focal plane U1, the second focal plane U2, and the third focal plane U3 as shown in FIG. 4). .
  • the focal plane is located on the side of the transparent display panel away from the human eye.
  • the dimming assembly 12 includes a plurality of dimming lenses 121, and the plurality of dimming lenses 121 cause the emitted light of at least two display unit groups to be respectively imaged on different focal planes.
  • the multiple dimming lenses 121 in this embodiment do not block light, so that the light extraction efficiency and transparency of the transparent display panel 10 are relatively high, and the mixed display effect of the virtual image and the real scene is improved.
  • the dimming lens 121 is a metasurface lens 122, and each metasurface lens 122 can image the emitted light of the corresponding sub-pixel area P at a designated position on a designated focal plane.
  • the first sub-pixel area P, the fourth sub-pixel area P, the seventh sub-pixel area P, the tenth sub-pixel area P, and the thirteenth sub-pixel area P are counted from top to bottom in FIG.
  • the sixteenth sub-pixel area P, the nineteenth sub-pixel area P, the twenty-first sub-pixel area P, and the twenty-fifth sub-pixel area P are imaged on the first focal plane U1 , And arranged in order from top to bottom;
  • the outgoing rays of the seventeenth sub-pixel area P, the twentieth sub-pixel area P, the twenty-third sub-pixel area P, and the twenty-sixth sub-pixel area P are imaged on the second focal plane U2 , And arranged in order from top to bottom;
  • the designated position of the designated focal plane is the top imaging position of the first focal plane U1 in Figure 4; for the second sub-pixel region P, the designated position of the designated focal plane is shown in Figure 4 The imaging position at the top of the second focal plane U2; for the third sub-pixel area P, the designated position of the designated focal plane is the imaging position at the top of the third focal plane U3 in FIG. 4.
  • each light exit position G on the metasurface lens 122 satisfies the following formula:
  • y is the vertical distance from the light-emitting position G of the metasurface lens 122 to the first plane M1
  • x is the vertical distance from the light-emitting position G of the metasurface lens to the second plane M2
  • a is the focal point G1 of the metasurface lens
  • the vertical distance to the first plane M1 is the vertical distance from the focal point G1 of the metasurface lens to the second plane M2
  • f is the focal length of the metasurface lens 122;
  • the first plane M1 is The second planes M2 are perpendicular to each other, and the intersection line of the first plane M1 and the second plane M2 is the central axis L1 of the metasurface lens.
  • the light phase ⁇ of each light emitting position G on the metasurface lens 122 can be determined according to the imaging relationship between the sub-pixel area P and the virtual image area P1 in combination with the above formula, and then according to the light phase ⁇ of each light emitting position G Determine the phase change amount of the light passing through the metasurface lens 122 with the phase when the light is incident, and design the corresponding structure at each light exit position G on the metasurface lens 122 by the phase change amount, so as to realize the imaging of the sub-pixel area P At the corresponding virtual image area P1.
  • the structure at each light-emitting position G of the metasurface lens 122 can be designed according to the amount of phase change, and the off-axis angle ⁇ of the light can reach about ⁇ 60°, for example -65° ⁇ +65°, so it has a relatively high
  • all sub-pixel areas in the display panel can be imaged one by one at the designated position of the designated focal plane, so that each display unit group is spliced into a display image plane in each focal plane, thereby realizing multi-focal plane display , And because the off-axis angle of the light is relatively large, the field of view angle of the transparent display panel is correspondingly increased.
  • the distance from the virtual image area P1 to the transparent display panel is relatively large, and the distance from the human eye to the transparent display panel is relatively small, the light beams received by the human eye are approximately parallel light beams. After that, the human eye traces back to see the imaging spot, that is, the human eye observes the image displayed on each focal plane. Through the superposition of multiple focal planes, the imaging depth is increased, and the vision is more spatial, and thus achieves better Stereo display.
  • the structure of the metasurface lens 122 includes but is not limited to some embodiments shown below.
  • the metasurface lens 122 includes a transparent substrate 12A and a plurality of microstructures 12B.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B may be disposed on the surface of the transparent substrate 12A close to the first substrate 11; or, as shown in FIG. 7, the plurality of microstructures 12B may be disposed on the transparent substrate. The surface of the material 12A away from the first substrate 11.
  • the manufactured metasurface lens 122 can be assembled on the first base 11.
  • the first substrate 11 may be used instead of the above-mentioned transparent substrate 12A, and a plurality of microstructures 12B can be directly fabricated on the first substrate 11.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B are arranged on the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the light emission control layer, or the plurality of microstructures 12B are arranged on the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the light emission control layer.
  • the maximum cross-sectional width of the microstructure 12B is less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the microstructure 12B along the direction perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A may be 500 nm.
  • the thickness of the ordinary lens is about 40 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the metasurface lens 122 along the direction perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A is smaller.
  • the microstructure 12B includes a high refractive index material, such as silicon nitride, gallium nitride, and the like.
  • the transparent substrate 12A can be a glass material or a refractive index material.
  • a plurality of microstructures 12B can be fabricated on the surface of the transparent substrate 12A through an electron beam exposure process.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B in the metasurface lens 122 are arranged into a plurality of ring structures O, and the central axes of the plurality of ring structures O substantially coincide , And the plurality of ring structures O are sequentially arranged in a direction from the center of the transparent substrate 12A to the edge of the transparent substrate 12A.
  • substantially coincide means that among the central axes of the plurality of ring structures O, the included angle between any two central axes on the horizontal plane is less than 10 degrees. This design can make the imaging light spots of each sub-pixel area more uniform, which is beneficial to improve the resolution of the displayed image.
  • the orthographic projection of each ring structure O on the transparent substrate 12A is roughly rectangular.
  • substantially rectangular can be a standard rectangular frame shape; it can also be approximated by a plurality of projection points (for example, the orthographic projection of each microstructure 12B on the transparent substrate 12A is a projection point) arranged at intervals in sequence.
  • the shape of a standard rectangular frame can also be that the angle between adjacent sides is approximately a right angle (for example, the angle between adjacent sides is 85° ⁇ 95°), and/or each side is approximately straight (for example, each point on any side
  • the vertical rectangle of the line between the two ends of the side does not exceed 2 ⁇ m) approximate to the shape of a standard rectangular frame.
  • This design can make the imaging light spots of each sub-pixel area rectangular, which is beneficial to improve the mosaic display effect of the imaging light spots of all sub-pixel areas in each display unit group (that is, the display effect of images in each focal plane).
  • the ratio of the size of the rectangle along the length direction Y to the size of the rectangle along the width direction X is approximately equal to the size of the corresponding sub-pixel area along the length direction Y and the corresponding The ratio of the size of the sub-pixel area along the width direction X.
  • substantially equal to may mean that the difference between the two ratios does not exceed 0.1 times any one of the ratios.
  • the central axis L3 of the plurality of ring structures roughly coincides with the central axis L2 of the corresponding sub-pixel region P; here, “substantially coincident” refers to any The angle between the orthographic projection of the two central axes on the horizontal plane is less than 10°.
  • each metasurface lens 122 can uniformly modulate the emitted light of the corresponding sub-pixel area P, so that the emitted light of each sub-pixel area is uniformly imaged at the designated position of the designated focal plane.
  • the edge of the orthographic projection of the metasurface lens 122 on the first substrate roughly overlaps the edge of the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel area P on the first substrate (at this time, the super
  • the central axis L1 of the surface lens 122 substantially coincides with the central axis L2 of the corresponding sub-pixel area P).
  • substantially overlap means that the maximum distance between the edges of the two orthographic projections does not exceed 2 ⁇ m; “substantially coincide” means that the angle between the two central axes on the horizontal plane of the orthographic projection is less than 10°.
  • each metasurface lens 122 is less than 20 ⁇ m. This design can effectively reduce chromatic aberration, thereby improving the display effect of the transparent display panel.
  • the metasurface lens 122 is a transmission phase type metasurface lens 123.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B in the transmission phase metasurface lens 123 includes a plurality of cylinders 1231, and the axes of the plurality of cylinders 1231 are substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A. And the dimensions of the plurality of cylinders 1231 along the respective axis directions are approximately the same.
  • substantially perpendicular may mean that the angle between the axis of the plurality of cylinders 1231 and the vertical line perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A is less than 10°; “substantially equal” may mean that any two of the cylinders 1231 The difference between the dimensions along the respective axis directions does not exceed 2 ⁇ m.
  • each cylinder 1231 of the plurality of cylinders 1231 is proportional to the amount of phase change of light passing through the transmission phase metasurface lens 123.
  • each cylinder 1231 on the transmission phase metasurface lens 123 and the part located around the cylinder 1231 have a periodic structure.
  • the phase change amount during the period of light passing through the corresponding periodic structure is also Bigger.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B in the transmission phase metasurface lens 123 includes a plurality of cylindrical holes 1232, and the axis of the plurality of cylindrical holes 1232 is substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A, and the dimensions of the plurality of cylindrical holes 1232 along the respective axis directions are approximately the same.
  • substantially perpendicular may mean that the angle between the axis of the plurality of cylindrical holes 1232 and the vertical line perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A is less than 10°; “substantially equal” may mean that any two cylindrical holes 1232 The difference between the dimensions along the respective axis directions does not exceed 2 ⁇ m.
  • each cylindrical hole 1232 of the plurality of cylindrical holes 1232 is proportional to the amount of phase change of light passing through the transmission phase metasurface lens 123. That is to say, each cylindrical hole 1232 on the transmission phase metasurface lens 123 and the part located around the cylindrical hole 1232 have a periodic structure. The larger the diameter of the cylindrical hole 1232, the phase during which light passes through the periodic structure. The greater the amount of change. For example, in the transmission phase metasurface lens 123 shown in FIG. 10A, the diameter of the cylindrical hole 1232 gradually increases along the direction from the edge to the center. Accordingly, the phase change amount during the period of light passing through the corresponding periodic structure is also Bigger.
  • the metasurface lens 122 is a geometric phase type metasurface lens 124.
  • the plurality of microstructures 12B in the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 includes a plurality of rectangular prisms 1241, the axes of the plurality of rectangular prisms 1241 are substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A, and the sizes of the plurality of rectangular prisms 1241 are substantially equal.
  • substantially perpendicular may mean that the angle between the axis of the plurality of rectangular prisms 1241 and the vertical line perpendicular to the transparent substrate 12A is less than 10°; “substantially equal” may mean that any two rectangular prisms 1241 The size difference in any same direction does not exceed 2 ⁇ m.
  • the rotation angle r of each rectangular prism 1241 in the plurality of rectangular prisms 1241 is proportional to the amount of phase change of light passing through the geometric phase metasurface lens 124. That is to say, each rectangular prism 1241 on the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 and the part located on the periphery of the rectangular prism 1241 is a periodic structure.
  • the rotation angle r of the rectangular prism 1241 gradually increases, correspondingly, the phase change amount during the period of light passing through the corresponding periodic structure The bigger it is.
  • the rotation angle r of the rectangular prism 1241 is in a double relationship with the phase change amount during the period when the light passes through the corresponding periodic structure, that is, the phase change amount is 2r.
  • the position of the rectangular prism 1241 is the reference position, that is, the above-mentioned rotation angle r refers to the angle between the position of the rectangular prism 1241 after rotation and the reference position.
  • the transparent display panel further includes a polarizer 13, the polarizer 13 is disposed between the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 and the light emission control layer 3, and the polarizer 13 is configured as
  • the light emitted from the light emission control layer 3 to the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light.
  • the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 can more accurately modulate the phase of the light passing through it, thereby improving reliability.
  • this embodiment does not limit the specific position and structure of the polarizer 13, as long as the polarizer 13 is satisfied, the light emitted from the light emission control layer 3 to the geometric phase metasurface lens 124 can be linearly polarized.
  • the light can be converted into circularly polarized light.
  • the polarizer 13 may be arranged in a liquid crystal cell (for example, a box-shaped structure formed by bonding the first substrate and the second substrate together by a frame sealant), or may be arranged outside the liquid crystal cell.
  • the polarizer 13 may be a metal wire grid polarizer (MWGP) or the like.
  • the display device 200 includes the transparent display panel 10 and the side-lit collimated light source 4 described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the side-lit collimated light source 4 is disposed on at least one side of the second substrate in the transparent display panel 10, and the side-lit collimated light source 4 can emit light of three primary colors, such as red light, green light and blue light, in a sequential manner.
  • the edge-type collimated light source 4 in each transparent display panel 10 can be made of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) three-color semiconductor laser chips after light mixing; it can be made of R, G (green), and B (blue).
  • G and B three-color light-emitting diode chips are supported after collimation and mixing; they can be made from white LED chips after collimation; or they can be made of strip-shaped cold cathode fluorescent tubes ( Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp, CCFL) plus light collimation structure.
  • the above light source structure is only an example, and the side-lit collimated light source 4 in each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the above structure.
  • the side-entry collimated light source 4 can be collimated through a reflector, and the collimation degree can reach a range of -3° to +3°.
  • the edge-type collimated light source 4 may also be a laser chip or LED chip bar with the same width as the second substrate, or may also be used in the laser A beam expansion structure is arranged in front of the chip or LED chip bar.
  • the display device 200 since the display device 200 includes the transparent display panel 10 described in any of the above embodiments, the display device 200 has all the beneficial effects of the transparent display panel 10 as described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the display device 200 can be any product or component with display function such as AR helmet, AR glasses, mobile phone, tablet computer, TV, monitor, notebook computer, digital photo frame, navigator, etc.
  • the glasses 201 may be AR glasses.
  • the glasses 201 include a supporting structure 2011 and at least one transparent display panel 10 arranged on the supporting structure 2011.
  • the supporting structure includes two spectacle frames connected to each other, and two spectacle legs respectively connected to the two spectacle frames.
  • a transparent display panel 10 is installed in each spectacle frame, and the two transparent display panels 10 correspond to the left eye and the right eye of a person respectively; 10 are placed in front of the left eye and right eye respectively.
  • the glasses 201 because the glasses 201 include the transparent display panel 10 described in any of the above embodiments, the glasses 201 have all the beneficial effects of the transparent display panel 10 as described above, and will not be repeated here.

Abstract

一种透明显示面板（10），具有多个亚像素区域（P），多个亚像素区域（P）分为至少两个显示单元组（101A、101B、101C）。透明显示面板（10）包括：对盒设置的第一基板（1）和第二基板（2）；设置于第一基板（1）与第二基板（2）之间的出光控制层（3），出光控制层（3）被配置为控制每个亚像素区域（P）的出光状态。第一基板（1）包括：第一基底（11）；设置于第一基底（11）一侧的调光组件（12），调光组件（12）包括多个调光透镜（121），每个调光透镜（121）被配置为使一个亚像素区域（P）的出射光线透射至人眼，并成像在对应的焦面（U1、U2、U3）上，多个调光透镜（121）被配置为使至少两个显示单元组（101A、101B、101C）的出射光线分别成像在不同的焦面（U1、U2、U3）上；其中，焦面（U1、U2、U3）位于透明显示面板（10）远离人眼的一侧。

Description

透明显示面板、显示装置及眼镜
本申请要求于2020年03月31日提交的、申请号为202010244735.4的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，例如涉及一种透明显示面板、显示装置及眼镜。
背景技术
增强现实(Augmented Reality，简称AR)显示技术可以实现虚拟信息和真实场景的叠加显示。例如，用户可通过AR眼镜，将虚拟的信息叠加到真实世界，使人眼同时看到虚拟的物体和真实的环境，实现两种信息的相互补充，从而实现与真实世界进行互动。
发明内容
一方面，提供一种透明显示面板。所述透明显示面板具有多个亚像素区域，所述多个亚像素区域分为至少两个显示单元组。所述透明显示面板包括：对盒设置的第一基板和第二基板；设置于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的出光控制层，所述出光控制层被配置为控制每个亚像素区域的出光状态。所述第一基板包括：第一基底；设置于所述第一基底一侧的调光组件，所述调光组件包括多个调光透镜，每个调光透镜被配置为使一个亚像素区域的出射光线透射至人眼，并成像在对应的焦面上，所述多个调光透镜被配置为使所述至少两个显示单元组的出射光线分别成像在不同的焦面上；其中，所述焦面位于所述透明显示面板远离人眼的一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述调光透镜包括超表面透镜。所述超表面透镜包括：透明基材；多个微结构，所述多个微结构设置于所述透明基材靠近所述第一基底的表面上，或者所述多个微结构设置于所述透明基材远离所述第一基底的表面上。
在一些实施例中，所述多个微结构排列成多个环状结构，所述多个环状结构的中轴线大致重合，且所述多个环状结构由所述透明基材的中心指向所述透明基材的边缘的方向依次排列。
在一些实施例中，所述多个环状结构中的每个环状结构在所述透明基材上的正投影大致呈矩形。
在一些实施例中，所述矩形沿长度方向的尺寸与所述矩形沿宽度方向的尺寸的比值大致等于对应的所述亚像素区域沿长度方向的尺寸与对应的所述亚像素区域沿宽度方向的尺寸的比值。
在一些实施例中，所述多个环状结构的中轴线与对应的所述亚像素区域的中轴线大致重合；和/或，所述超表面透镜在所述第一基底上的正投影的边缘，与对应的所述亚像素区域在所述第一基底上的正投影的边缘大致重叠。
在一些实施例中，所述多个微结构中每个微结构的最大截面宽度小于或等于1μm。
在一些实施例中，所述超表面透镜包括传输相位型超表面透镜。
在一些实施例中，所述传输相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个圆柱体，所述多个圆柱体的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；所述多个圆柱体沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等，所述多个圆柱体中每个圆柱体的直径与光线透过所述传输相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
在一些实施例中，所述传输相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个圆柱孔，所述多个圆柱孔的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；所述多个圆柱孔沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等，所述多个圆柱孔中每个圆柱孔的直径与光线透过所述传输相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
在一些实施例中，所述超表面透镜包括几何相位型超表面透镜；所述几何相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个矩形棱柱，所述多个矩形棱柱的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；所述多个矩形棱柱的大小大致相等，所述多个矩形棱柱中每个矩形棱柱的旋转角度与光线透过所述几何相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
在一些实施例中，所述透明显示面板还包括：偏光片，设置于所述几何相位型超表面透镜与所述出光控制层之间，所述偏光片被配置为使由所述出光控制层射向所述几何相位型超表面透镜的光线，由线偏振光转换为圆偏振光。
在一些实施例中，所述超表面透镜上各出光位置的光线相位Φ满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020141614-appb-000001
其中，y为所述超表面透镜的出光位置到第一平面的垂直距离，x为所述超表面透镜的出光位置到第二平面垂直距离，a为所述超表面透镜的焦点到所述第一平面的垂直距离，b为所述超表面透镜的焦点到所述第二平面的垂直距离，f为所述超表面透镜的焦距；所述第一平面与所述第二平面互相垂直，且所述第一平面与所述第二平面的交线为所述超表面透镜的中轴线。
在一些实施例中，以所述第一基底代替所述透明基材；所述多个微结构设置于所述第一基底靠近所述出光控制层的表面上，或者，所述多个微结构设置于所述第一基底远离所述出光控制层的表面上。
在一些实施例中，所述出光控制层包括：液晶；以及，电极层，所述电极层被配置为在电场的作用下驱动所述液晶，以控制每个亚像素区域的出光状态。
在一些实施例中，所述第二基板为波导层；所述波导层的折射率大于所述液晶的寻常光折射率，且所述波导层的折射率小于或等于所述液晶的非常光折射率。
另一方面，提供一种显示装置。所述显示装置包括如上述任一项实施例所述的透明显示面板；侧入式准直光源，所述侧入式准直光源设置于所述透明显示面板中第二基板的至少一侧。
又一方面，提供一种眼镜。所述眼镜包括支撑结构；至少一个如上述任一项实施例所述的透明显示面板，安装于支撑结构上。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开中的技术方案，下面将对本公开一些实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例的附图，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。此外，以下描述中的附图可以视作示意图，并非对本公开实施例所涉及的产品的实际尺寸、方法的实际流程、信号的实际时序等的限制。
图1为根据本公开一些实施例的透明显示面板中多个亚像素区域的结构图；
图2为根据本公开一些实施例的透明显示面板的结构图；
图3为根据本公开一些实施例的调光组件的结构图；
图4为根据本公开一些实施例的透明显示面板的光路图；
图5A为根据本公开一些实施例的超表面透镜的光路图；
图5B为根据本公开一些实施例的超表面透镜的出光位置与第一平面、第二平面的位置关系图；
图5C为根据本公开一些实施例的超表面透镜的焦点与第一平面、第二平面的位置关系图；
图6为根据本公开一些实施例的一种第一基板的结构图；
图7为根据本公开一些实施例的另一种第一基板的结构图；
图8为根据本公开一些实施例的又一种第一基板的结构图；
图9A为根据本公开一些实施例的一种传输相位型超表面透镜的结构图；
图9B为图9A中传输相位型超表面透镜沿A-A'向的剖视图；
图10A为根据本公开一些实施例的另一种传输相位型超表面透镜的结构图；
图10B为图10A中传输相位型超表面透镜沿B-B'向的剖视图；
图11A为根据本公开一些实施例的一种几何相位型超表面透镜的结构图；
图11B为图11A中几何相位型超表面透镜沿C-C'向的剖视图；
图12为根据本公开一些实施例的另一种透明显示面板的结构图；
图13为根据本公开一些实施例的一种显示装置的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本公开一些实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开所提供的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非上下文另有要求，否则，在整个说明书和权利要求书中，术语“包括(comprise)”及其其他形式例如第三人称单数形式“包括(comprises)”和现在分词形式“包括(comprising)”被解释为开放、包含的意思，即为“包含，但不限于”。在说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例(one embodiment)”、“一些实施例(some embodiments)”、“示例性实施例(exemplary embodiments)”、“示例(example)”、“特定示例(specific example)”或“一些示例(some examples)”等旨在表明与该实施例或示例相关的特定特征、结构、材料或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。上述术语的示意性表示不一定是指同一实施例或示例。此外，所述的特定特征、结构、材料或特点可以以任何适当方式包括在任何一个或多个实施例或示例中。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在描述一些实施例时，可能使用了“耦接”和“连接”及其衍伸的表达。例如，描述一些实施例时可能使用了术语“连接”以表明两个或两个以上部件彼此间有直接物理接触或电接触。又如，描述一些实施例时可能使用了术语“耦接”以表明两个或两个以上部件有直接物理接触或电接触。然而，术语“耦接”或“通信耦合(communicatively coupled)”也可能指两个或两个以上部件彼此间并无直接接触，但仍彼此协作或相互作用。这里所公开的实施例并不必然限制于本文内容。
如本文所使用的那样，“约”或“近似”包括所阐述的值以及处于特定值的可接受偏差范围内的平均值，其中所述可接受偏差范围如由本领域普通技术人员考虑到正在讨论的测量以及与特定量的测量相关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)所确定。
AR眼镜包括两个透明显示面板，这两个透明显示面板分别对应人的左眼和右眼。每个透明显示面板可以产生虚拟图像，并使虚拟图像与人眼透过该透明显示面板观察到的真实环境叠加到一起，从而实现增强现实显示功能。
相关技术中，透明显示面板包括光栅，透明显示面板的多个亚像素区域的出射光线经光栅衍射后入射至人眼，从而实现显示立体虚拟图像的功能。然而，在相关技术中，光栅衍射会影响出射光的效率和角度，这导致透明显示面板的出光效率较低，透明度较差，且视场角度较小。
基于此，参见图1和图2，本公开一些实施例提供一种透明显示面板10。该透明显示面板10可以应用于显示装置中，该显示装置可以为AR头盔、AR眼镜、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
该透明显示面板10中具有多个亚像素区域P，多个亚像素区域P分为具有至少两个显示单元组。示例性的，如图1所示，透明显示面板10的多个亚像素区域P分为第一显示单元组101A、第二显示单元组101B和第三显示单元组101C。其中，各行亚像素区域P中，包括位于第一显示单元组101A的亚像素区域、位于第二显示单元组101B的亚像素区域、以及位于第三显示单元组101C的亚像素区域，并且位于第一显示单元组101A的亚像素区域、位 于第二显示单元组101B的亚像素区域、以及位于第三显示单元组101C的亚像素区域沿行方向依次交替排列。此处，需要说明的是，该透明显示面板10中显示单元组的划分方式有多种，只要划分成的至少两个显示单元组可以分别成像在不同的焦面上即可，因此实际应用中，并不局限于本示例示出的划分方式。
参见图2，该透明显示面板10包括对盒设置的第一基板1和第二基板2，以及设置于第一基板1与第二基板2之间的出光控制层3。该出光控制层3被配置为控制每个亚像素区域P的出光状态，此处，“控制每个亚像素区域P的出光状态”是指控制各亚像素区域P是否可以朝第一基板1所在的一侧出光，以及控制各亚像素区域P的出射光线的灰阶。示例性的，如图2所示，该透明显示面板10为液晶显示面板，出光控制层3包括液晶301和电极层302，电极层302被配置为在电场的作用下驱动液晶301，以控制每个亚像素区域P的出光状态。需要说明的是，本公开对电极层302的设置方式不做限定，例如，参见图2，电极层302可以包括驱动电极3021和公共电极3022，驱动电极3021和公共电极3022可以同时设置于第一基板1或第二基板2上，也可以如图2所示分别设置在第一基板1和第二基板2上。此外，上述液晶显示面板可以为IPS(In Plane Switch，横向电场效应)型液晶显示面板、TN(Twist Nematic，扭曲向列)型液晶显示面板、或者FFS(Fringe Field Switching，边缘场开关型)液晶显示面板等，本公开对此不做限定。
示例性的，参见图2，第二基板2为波导层21。该波导层21的折射率大于液晶301的寻常光折射率，且该波导层21的折射率小于或等于液晶301的非常光折射率。其中，液晶301的寻常光是指偏振方向垂直于液晶301光轴的偏振光，液晶301的非常光是指偏振方向平行于液晶103光轴的偏振光。
当液晶301的折射率小于波导层21的折射率，且侧入式准直光源4的出射光线与波导层21朝向第一基板1的表面成一夹角θ1，该夹角θ1的余角大于光线从波导层21(光密介质)射入液晶301(光疏介质)的全反射临界角时，该侧入式准直光源4的出射光进入波导层21后会发生全反射，即光线可以在波导层21中来回反射前进而不会透射出来。其中，全反射临界角为：
Figure PCTCN2020141614-appb-000002
其中，n1为液晶301的折射率，n2为波导层21的折射率。光线由光密介质(例如波导层21)射向光疏介质(例如液晶301)，且入射角大于全反射临界角时会发生全反射。
此时，通过向电极层302(例如驱动电极3021和公共电极3022)施加电压，可以在电场的作用下驱动亚像素区域P内的液晶301发生偏转，从而可以改变该亚像素区域P内的液晶301的折射率n1，以打破全反射状态，实现该亚像素区域P出光。并且，通过调整向电极层302施加的电压的大小，可以调整各亚像素区域P内的液晶301的偏转角度，从而可以调整各亚像素区域P内的液晶301的折射率，使得各亚像素区域P产生不同的显示灰阶，例如灰阶范围可以为0～255，通过逐渐调节施加的电压，可以实现256个灰阶等级的调节。其中，当亚像素区域P的灰阶为0时，在该亚像素区域内，光线不会从波导层21射入液晶301中，呈暗态；当灰阶为255时，在该亚像素区域内，光线几乎全部从波导层21射入液晶301中，呈亮态。
其中，侧入式准直光源4可以时序性地发出三原色光，例如红光、绿光和蓝光。在显示时，对于每个显示单元组，可以由其中的三个亚像素区域P形成一个像素区域，通过出光控制层控制三个亚像素区域P的出光颜色分别为红、绿、蓝，并分别控制三个亚像素区域P的显示灰阶，即可实现对各像素区域的显示控制，从而实现彩色显示。
参见图2～图4，第一基板1包括第一基底11和调光组件12，调光组件12设置于第一基底11的一侧。调光组件12包括多个调光透镜121，每个调光透镜121被配置为使一个亚像素区域P的出射光线透射至人眼，并成像在对应的焦面上，所述多个调光透镜121被配置为使所述至少两个显示单元组的出射光线分别成像在不同的焦面(如图4示出的第一焦面U1、第二焦面U2、第三焦面U3)上。其中，焦面位于透明显示面板远离人眼的一侧。
本公开的一些实施例中，通过设置调光组件12，调光组件12包括多个调光透镜121，多个调光透镜121使至少两个显示单元组的出射光线分别成像在不同的焦面上，实现了多焦面显示。而且本实施例中的多个调光透镜121不遮挡光线，使得透明显示面板10的出光效率和透明度都比较高，提高了虚拟图像和真实场景的混合显示效果。
示例性的，参见图4，该调光透镜121为超表面透镜122，各超表面透镜122可以使对应的亚像素区域P的出射光线，成像在指定焦面的指定位置。例如，图4中从上往下数第一个亚像素区域P、第四个亚像素区域P、第七个亚像素区域P、第十个亚像素区域P、第十三个亚像素区域P、第十六个亚像素区域P、第十九个亚像素区域P、第二十一个亚像素区域P、以及第二十五个亚像素区域P的出射光线成像在第一焦面U1上，且由上至下依次排列；第二 个亚像素区域P、第五个亚像素区域P、第八个亚像素区域P、第十一个亚像素区域P、第十四个亚像素区域P、第十七个亚像素区域P、第二十个亚像素区域P、第二十三个亚像素区域P、以及第二十六个亚像素区域P的出射光线成像在第二焦面U2上，且由上至下依次排列；第三个亚像素区域P、第六个亚像素区域P、第九个亚像素区域P、第十二个亚像素区域P、第十五个亚像素区域P、第十八个亚像素区域P、第二十一个亚像素区域P、第二十四个亚像素区域P、以及第二十七个亚像素区域P的出射光线成像在第三焦面U3上，且由上至下依次排列。其中，对于第一个亚像素区域P，指定焦面的指定位置为图4中第一焦面U1最上方的成像位置；对于第二个亚像素区域P，指定焦面的指定位置为图4中第二焦面U2最上方的成像位置；对于第三个亚像素区域P，指定焦面的指定位置为图4中第三焦面U3最上方的成像位置。
此处，“上”、“下”指示的方位仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的多个亚像素区域P必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不应理解为对本公开的限制。
参见图5A～图5C，该超表面透镜122上各出光位置G的光线相位Φ满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020141614-appb-000003
其中，y为超表面透镜122的出光位置G到第一平面M1的垂直距离，x为所述超表面透镜的出光位置G到第二平面M2垂直距离，a为所述超表面透镜的焦点G1到所述第一平面M1的垂直距离，b为所述超表面透镜的焦点G1到所述第二平面M2的垂直距离，f为超表面透镜122的焦距；其中，所述第一平面M1与所述第二平面M2互相垂直，且所述第一平面M1与所述第二平面M2的交线为所述超表面透镜的中轴线L1。
本公开的一些实施例中，可以根据亚像素区域P与虚像区域P1的成像关系结合上述公式，确定超表面透镜122上各出光位置G的光线相位Φ，然后根据各出光位置G的光线相位Φ和光线入射时的相位，确定光线经过该超表面透镜122期间的相位改变量，通过该相位改变量设计该超表面透镜122上各出光位置G处对应的结构，从而实现使亚像素区域P成像在对应的虚像区域P1处。
需要说明的是，该超表面透镜122各出光位置G处的结构可以根据相位改变量进行设计，光线的离轴角度α可以达到±60°左右，例如﹣65°～+65°， 因此具有较好的离轴成像特性，可以将显示面板中的所有亚像素区域逐个成像在指定焦面的指定位置，使各显示单元组在各焦面内拼接成一个显示像面，从而实现多焦面显示，而且由于光线的离轴角度较大，使得透明显示面板的视场角度也相应的增大。此外，由于虚像区域P1到透明显示面板的距离较大，而人眼到透明显示面板的距离较小，使得人眼接收到的光束近似平行光束。之后，人眼反向追迹看到成像光斑，也即人眼观察到各焦面显示的图像，通过多个焦面叠加，增加了成像景深，视觉上更具有空间感，进而达到了更好的立体显示。
上述超表面透镜122的结构设置方式有多种，本公开包括但不限于以下示出的一些实施例。
参见图6和图7，在一些实施例中，超表面透镜122包括透明基材12A和多个微结构12B。其中，如图6所示，该多个微结构12B可以设置于透明基材12A的靠近第一基底11的表面上；或者，如图7所示，该多个微结构12B可以设置于透明基材12A的远离第一基底11的表面上。
需要说明的是，在制作第一基板1时，可以将制作好的超表面透镜122组装在第一基底11上。
或者，参见图8，也可以以第一基底11代替上述透明基材12A，直接在第一基底11上制作多个微结构12B。此时，多个微结构12B设置于第一基底11靠近出光控制层的表面上，或者，多个微结构12B设置于第一基底11远离出光控制层的表面上。这样设计，由于无需设置透明基材12A，可以使透明显示面板的整体厚度更加轻薄。
该微结构12B的最大截面宽度小于或等于1μm。例如，该微结构12B沿垂直于透明基材12A方向的尺寸可以为500nm。相较普通透镜(普通透镜厚度为40μm左右)而言，该超表面透镜122沿垂直于透明基材12A方向的厚度更小。
示例性的，微结构12B包括高折射率材料，例如氮化硅、氮化镓等。透明基材12A可以是玻璃材料，也可以是折射率材料，在制作过程中，可以通过电子束曝光工艺，在透明基材12A的表面制作出多个微结构12B。
在一些实施例中，如图9A、图10A和图11A所示，超表面透镜122中的多个微结构12B排列成多个环状结构O，该多个环状结构O的中轴线大致重合，且该多个环状结构O由透明基材12A的中心指向该透明基材12A的边 缘的方向依次排列。此处，“大致重合”是指多个环状结构O的中轴线中，任意两个中轴线在水平面的正投影之间的夹角小于10度。这样设计，可以使各亚像素区域的成像光斑更加均匀，从而有利于提高显示图像的分辨率。
在此基础上，示例性的，如图9A、图10A和图11A所示，每个环状结构O在透明基材12A上的正投影大致呈矩形。其中，“大致呈矩形”可以是标准的矩形框形状；也可以是由多个投影点(例如每个微结构12B在透明基材12A的正投影为一个投影点)依次间隔排列围成的近似标准矩形框的形状；还可以是邻边夹角近似为直角(例如邻边夹角为85°～95°)，和/或，各个边近似为直边(例如任意一条边上的各个点到该边两端点之间连线的垂直矩形不超过2μm)的近似标准矩形框的形状。这样设计，可以使各亚像素区域的成像光斑呈矩形，从而有利于提高各显示单元组中所有亚像素区域的成像光斑的拼接显示效果(也即各焦面内图像的显示效果)。
示例性的，参见图9A、图10A和图11A，矩形沿长度方向Y的尺寸与该矩形沿宽度方向X的尺寸的比值大致等于对应的所述亚像素区域沿长度方向Y的尺寸与对应的所述亚像素区域沿宽度方向X的尺寸的比值。其中，“大致等于”可以是指两个比值之间的差值不超过其中任意一个比值的0.1倍。这样设计，可以使各亚像素区域的成像光斑呈均匀的矩形，几乎可以实现无缝拼接，进而大幅提高了显示图像的分辨率。
示例性的，参见图9A、图10A、图11A和图5A，多个环状结构的中轴线L3与对应的亚像素区域P的中轴线L2大致重合；此处，“大致重合”是指任意两个中轴线在水平面的正投影之间的夹角小于10°。这样设计，使得各超表面透镜122可以对相应亚像素区域P的出射光线进行均匀的调制，从而使得各亚像素区域的出射光线均匀的成像在指定焦面的指定位置。
示例性的，参见图5A，超表面透镜122在第一基底上的正投影的边缘，与对应的所述亚像素区域P在所述第一基底上的正投影的边缘大致重叠(此时超表面透镜122的中轴线L1与对应的亚像素区域P的中轴线L2大致重合)。此处，“大致重叠”是指两个正投影的边缘之间的最大间距不超过2μm；“大致重合”是指两个中轴线在水平面的正投影之间的夹角小于10°。这样设计，使得各超表面透镜122可以有效地对相应亚像素区域P的出射光线进行调制，从而使得各亚像素区域的出射光线成像在指定焦面的指定位置。
示例性的，各超表面透镜122的口径小于20μm，这样设计，可以有效的 减小色差，从而提高该透明显示面板的显示效果。
在一些实施例中，参见图9A、图9B、图10A和图10B，超表面透镜122为传输相位型超表面透镜123。
示例性的，如图9A和图9B所示，该传输相位型超表面透镜123中的多个微结构12B包括多个圆柱体1231，该多个圆柱体1231的轴线大致垂直于透明基材12A，并且该多个圆柱体1231沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等。其中，“大致垂直”可以是指该多个圆柱体1231的轴线与垂直于透明基材12A的垂线之间的夹角小于10°；“大致相等”可以是指该任意两个圆柱体1231沿各自轴线方向的尺寸之间相差不超过2μm。此时，多个圆柱体1231中每个圆柱体1231的直径与光线透过该传输相位型超表面透镜123的相位改变量呈正比。也就是说，该传输相位型超表面透镜123上每个圆柱体1231以及位于该圆柱体1231周边的部分为一个周期结构，该圆柱体1231的直径越大，光线透过该周期结构期间的相位改变量越大。例如，图9A示出的传输相位型超表面透镜123中，沿从边缘指向中心的方向，圆柱体1231的直径逐渐增大，相应的，光线透过对应的周期结构期间的相位改变量也就越大。
又示例性的，如图10A和图10B所示，该传输相位型超表面透镜123中的多个微结构12B包括多个圆柱孔1232，该多个圆柱孔1232的轴线大致垂直于透明基材12A，并且该多个圆柱孔1232沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等。其中，“大致垂直”可以是指该多个圆柱孔1232的轴线与垂直于透明基材12A的垂线之间的夹角小于10°；“大致相等”可以是指该任意两个圆柱孔1232沿各自轴线方向的尺寸之间相差不超过2μm。此时，多个圆柱孔1232中每个圆柱孔1232的直径与光线透过该传输相位型超表面透镜123的相位改变量呈正比。也就是说，该传输相位型超表面透镜123上每个圆柱孔1232以及位于该圆柱孔1232周边的部分为一个周期结构，该圆柱孔1232的直径越大，光线透过该周期结构期间的相位改变量越大。例如，图10A示出的传输相位型超表面透镜123中，沿从边缘指向中心的方向，圆柱孔1232的直径逐渐增大，相应的，光线透过对应的周期结构期间的相位改变量也就越大。
在另一些实施例中，参见图11A和图11B，超表面透镜122为几何相位型超表面透镜124。该几何相位型超表面透镜124中的多个微结构12B包括多个矩形棱柱1241，多个矩形棱柱1241的轴线大致垂直于透明基材12A，并且多个矩形棱柱1241的大小大致相等。其中，“大致垂直”可以是指该多个矩形棱柱1241的轴线与垂直于透明基材12A的垂线之间的夹角小于10°； “大致相等”可以是指该任意两个矩形棱柱1241沿任一相同方向的尺寸相差不超过2μm。此时，多个矩形棱柱1241中每个矩形棱柱1241的旋转角度r与光线透过该几何相位型超表面透镜124的相位改变量呈正比。也就是说，该几何相位型超表面透镜124上每个矩形棱柱1241以及位于该矩形棱柱1241周边的部分为一个周期结构，该矩形棱柱1241的旋转角度r越大，光线透过该周期结构期间的相位改变量越大。例如，图11A示出的几何相位型超表面透镜124中，沿从边缘指向中心的方向，矩形棱柱1241的旋转角度r逐渐增大，相应的，光线透过对应的周期结构期间的相位改变量也就越大。
示例性的，矩形棱柱1241的旋转角度r与光线透过对应的周期结构期间的相位改变量呈2倍关系，即该相位改变量为2r。
其中，当相位改变量为0时，矩形棱柱1241所处的位置为基准位置，即，上述旋转角度r指的是矩形棱柱1241旋转后的位置与基准位置之间的夹角。
在此基础上，示例性的，参见图12，透明显示面板还包括偏光片13，该偏光片13设置于几何相位型超表面透镜124与出光控制层3之间，该偏光片13被配置为使由出光控制层3射向几何相位型超表面透镜124的光线，由线偏振光转换为圆偏振光。这样设计，使得几何相位型超表面透镜124可以对透过自身的光线的相位进行更准确的调制，提高了可靠性。其中，需要说明的是，本实施例不对偏光片13的具体位置以及结构进行限制，只要满足该偏光片13可以使由出光控制层3射向几何相位型超表面透镜124的光线，由线偏振光转换为圆偏振光即可。例如，该偏振片13可以设置于液晶盒(比如第一基板和第二基板通过封框胶粘接在一起后形成的盒状结构)内，也可以设置于液晶盒外。再例如，该偏振片13可以为金属线栅偏光片(Metal Wire Grid Polarizer，MWGP)等。
本公开的一些实施例提供一种显示装置200。参见图13，该显示装置200包括上述任一实施例所述的透明显示面板10以及侧入式准直光源4。该侧入式准直光源4设置于透明显示面板10中第二基板的至少一侧，且该侧入式准直光源4可以时序性地发出三原色光，例如红光、绿光和蓝光。
其中，每个透明显示面板10中的侧入式准直光源4可以由R(红)、G(绿)、B(蓝)三色的半导体激光器芯片经过混光后制成；可以由R、G、B三色的发光二极管芯片(Light-Emitting Diode，LED)经过准直、混光后支撑；可以由白光LED芯片经过准直后制成；或者也可以由条状的冷阴极荧光 灯管(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp，CCFL)加光线准直结构制成。以上光源结构仅为举例，本公开各实施例中的侧入式准直光源4不限于上述结构。
示例性的，该侧入式准直光源4可以通过反光罩实现准直，准直度可以达到﹣3°～+3°范围内。此外，为了和透明显示面板10的第二基板(例如波导层)宽度匹配，侧入式准直光源4还可以是和第二基板宽度一致的激光器芯片或LED芯片条，或者，还可以在激光器芯片或LED芯片条前设置扩束结构。
本公开的一些实施例中，因显示装置200包括上述任一实施例所述的透明显示面板10，所以该显示装置200具有如上所述透明显示面板10的全部有益效果，此处不再赘述。
其中，该显示装置200可以为AR头盔、AR眼镜、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
本公开的一些实施例还提供一种眼镜201，该眼镜201可以是AR眼镜。如图13所示，该眼镜201包括支撑结构2011，以及设置于支撑结构2011上的至少一个透明显示面板10。例如，该支撑结构包括彼此相连的两个镜框，以及分别与两个镜框相连的两个镜腿。其中，每个镜框内安装一个透明显示面板10，两个透明显示面板10分别对应人的左眼和右眼；每个镜腿可以搭接在人的一个耳朵上，从而使两个透明显示面板10分别置于左眼和右眼的前方。
本公开的一些实施例中，因眼镜201包括上述任一实施例所述的透明显示面板10，所以该眼镜201具有如上所述透明显示面板10的全部有益效果，此处不再赘述。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种透明显示面板，具有多个亚像素区域，所述多个亚像素区域分为至少两个显示单元组；所述透明显示面板包括：
    对盒设置的第一基板和第二基板；
    设置于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的出光控制层，所述出光控制层被配置为控制每个亚像素区域的出光状态；
    所述第一基板包括：
    第一基底；
    设置于所述第一基底一侧的调光组件，所述调光组件包括多个调光透镜，每个调光透镜被配置为使一个亚像素区域的出射光线透射至人眼，并成像在对应的焦面上，
    所述多个调光透镜被配置为使所述至少两个显示单元组的出射光线分别成像在不同的焦面上；其中，所述焦面位于所述透明显示面板远离人眼的一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述调光透镜包括超表面透镜；所述超表面透镜包括：
    透明基材；
    多个微结构，所述多个微结构设置于所述透明基材靠近所述第一基底的表面上，或者所述多个微结构设置于所述透明基材远离所述第一基底的表面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的透明显示面板，其中，
    所述多个微结构排列成多个环状结构，所述多个环状结构的中轴线大致重合，且所述多个环状结构由所述透明基材的中心指向所述透明基材的边缘的方向依次排列。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述多个环状结构中的每个环状结构在所述透明基材上的正投影大致呈矩形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述矩形沿长度方向的尺寸与所述矩形沿宽度方向的尺寸的比值大致等于对应的所述亚像素区域沿长度方向的尺寸与对应的所述亚像素区域沿宽度方向的尺寸的比值。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述多个环状结构的中轴线与对应的所述亚像素区域的中轴线大致重合；和/或，
    所述超表面透镜在所述第一基底上的正投影的边缘，与对应的所述亚像素区域在所述第一基底上的正投影的边缘大致重叠。
  7. 根据权利要求2～6中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述多个微结构中每个微结构的最大截面宽度小于或等于1μm。
  8. 根据权利要求2～7中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述超表面透镜包括传输相位型超表面透镜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的透明显示面板，其中，
    所述传输相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个圆柱体，所述多个圆柱体的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；
    所述多个圆柱体沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等，所述多个圆柱体中每个圆柱体的直径与光线透过所述传输相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的透明显示面板，其中，
    所述传输相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个圆柱孔，所述多个圆柱孔的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；
    所述多个圆柱孔沿各自轴线方向的尺寸大致相等，所述多个圆柱孔中每个圆柱孔的直径与光线透过所述传输相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
  11. 根据权利要求2～7中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述超表面透镜包括几何相位型超表面透镜；
    所述几何相位型超表面透镜中的所述多个微结构包括多个矩形棱柱，所述多个矩形棱柱的轴线大致垂直于所述透明基材；
    所述多个矩形棱柱的大小大致相等，所述多个矩形棱柱中每个矩形棱柱的旋转角度与光线透过所述几何相位型超表面透镜的相位改变量呈正比。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述透明显示面板还包括：
    偏光片，设置于所述几何相位型超表面透镜与所述出光控制层之间，所述偏光片被配置为使由所述出光控制层射向所述几何相位型超表面透镜的光线，由线偏振光转换为圆偏振光。
  13. 根据权利要求2～12中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述超表面透镜上各出光位置的光线相位Φ满足以下公式：
    Figure PCTCN2020141614-appb-100001
    其中，y为所述超表面透镜的出光位置到第一平面的垂直距离，x为所述超表面透镜的出光位置到第二平面垂直距离，a为所述超表面透镜的焦点到所 述第一平面的垂直距离，b为所述超表面透镜的焦点到所述第二平面的垂直距离，f为所述超表面透镜的焦距；所述第一平面与所述第二平面互相垂直，且所述第一平面与所述第二平面的交线为所述超表面透镜的中轴线。
  14. 根据权利要求2～13中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，以所述第一基底代替所述透明基材；
    所述多个微结构设置于所述第一基底靠近所述出光控制层的表面上，或者，所述多个微结构设置于所述第一基底远离所述出光控制层的表面上。
  15. 根据权利要求1～14中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述出光控制层包括：
    液晶；以及，
    电极层，所述电极层被配置为在电场的作用下驱动所述液晶，以控制每个亚像素区域的出光状态。
  16. 根据权利要求1～15中任一项所述的透明显示面板，其中，所述第二基板为波导层；所述波导层的折射率大于液晶的寻常光折射率，且所述波导层的折射率小于或等于液晶的非常光折射率。
  17. 一种显示装置，包括：
    如权利要求1～16中任一项所述的透明显示面板；
    侧入式准直光源，所述侧入式准直光源设置于所述透明显示面板中第二基板的至少一侧。
  18. 一种眼镜，包括：
    支撑结构；
    至少一个如权利要求1～16中任一项所述的透明显示面板，安装于所述支撑结构上。
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