WO2021189893A1 - 一种ect传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法 - Google Patents

一种ect传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法 Download PDF

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WO2021189893A1
WO2021189893A1 PCT/CN2020/131878 CN2020131878W WO2021189893A1 WO 2021189893 A1 WO2021189893 A1 WO 2021189893A1 CN 2020131878 W CN2020131878 W CN 2020131878W WO 2021189893 A1 WO2021189893 A1 WO 2021189893A1
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ect sensor
field
ect
electromagnetic field
sensor
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张鹏
王文涛
赵凯月
鲍玖文
赵铁军
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Qingdao University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/24—Investigating the presence of flaws

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of concrete durability monitoring, and specifically relates to an ECT sensor structure optimization and electromagnetic field analysis method, which can quickly solve the positive problem of ECT sensor imaging, and realize the structure optimization of the ECT sensor and the accurate calculation and rapid calculation of electromagnetic field changes in the measurement field. analyze.
  • ECT Electrical capacitance tomography
  • ECT Electrical capacitance tomography
  • Its working principle is: based on different materials with different dielectric constants, a specially designed sensitive array sensor is used to measure the distance between sensitive electrodes. For the voltage value, use an appropriate image reconstruction algorithm to construct the distribution of the medium in the target field, and then realize the visual measurement of the medium distribution.
  • ECT technology has the advantages of non-intrusiveness, fast response speed, wide application range, low cost, no radiation, and portability. Therefore, the use of this technology to quantitatively study the internal moisture distribution of concrete structures is effective for more objective and accurate evaluation of the durability of concrete structures. Technical support.
  • the ECT system consists of three parts: an array capacitive sensor, a data acquisition and information processing system, and an imaging computer.
  • the array capacitive sensor is the core part of the ECT system.
  • the quality of the reconstructed image of the ECT directly depends on the uniformity of the sensitive field inside the sensor, and the uniformity of the sensitive field depends on the design of the structural parameters; on the other hand, the ECT imaging
  • the positive problem is to set the sensor structure, the measurement strategy between the electrodes and the medium distribution in the sensitive field, solve the electromagnetic field distribution in the field, and finally obtain the corresponding relationship between the boundary response value of the field and the medium distribution. Therefore, for concrete components, designing and optimizing the corresponding sensor structure and accurately calculating the electromagnetic field distribution in the field is an important prerequisite for realizing quantitative monitoring of the internal moisture content of concrete components.
  • magnetic field intensity H, electric field intensity E, magnetic induction intensity B, electric flux density D are four field vectors, and current density J and charge density ⁇ are two source quantities.
  • ⁇ is the dielectric constant
  • ⁇ is the magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the potential energy
  • the mathematical model of the ECT system can be obtained as the Poisson equation:
  • the capacitance between the i and j electrode pairs to be solved for the positive problem is:
  • A is the area of the enclosed area of electrode j
  • Q is the amount of induced charge on electrode j.
  • the ECT technology based on capacitance measurement is very sensitive to the moisture in cement-based materials and can show its unique advantages in quantitatively monitoring the internal moisture distribution of cement-based materials.
  • design and optimize the internal structure of the ECT sensor suitable for the concrete field and accurately and quickly calculate the electromagnetic field distribution in the field where the concrete component is located, compare and analyze the actual test results, and provide a new research on the durability of concrete Ideas and methods to achieve accurate prediction of the durability of concrete structures.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, seek to design an ECT sensor structure optimization and electromagnetic field analysis method, realize the design optimization of the sensor structure parameters and the accurate calculation of the electromagnetic field distribution in the measurement field, for the quantitative and visual monitoring of the interior of the concrete member
  • the moisture content provides a theoretical basis.
  • the specific process of the ECT sensor structure optimization and electromagnetic field analysis method involved in the present invention includes parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, meshing, physical field setting, solving, sensor structure optimization and There are eight steps to calculate the electromagnetic field distribution:
  • the parameter values include: the radius of the ECT sensor measurement field 1, the thickness of the PVC layer 2, the size and opening angle of the copper electrode layer 3, the embedding depth of the radial electrode layer 4, the radius of the air field 5, the radius of the shielding layer 6, and The size of the impurity region 7;
  • Material setting Set the material of ECT sensor measurement field 1 to concrete, the material of PVC layer 2 to plastic, the material of copper electrode layer 3 and shielding layer 6 to copper, and the material of air field 5 to For air, set the material properties (relative permittivity, relative permeability, conductivity and density) of the impurity region 7 according to the setting requirements;
  • Sensor structure optimization use the sensitivity obtained in the solution step to introduce an optimization function, and obtain a set of optimal parameter values through the factor rotation design test method or the orthogonal optimization design method to realize the parameter optimization of the sensor structure and improve the sensitivity of the field. Uniformity, get an ECT sensor with optimized structure;
  • the ECT sensor finite element model type involved in the present invention is two-dimensional, the concrete component in the ECT sensor measurement field 1 is a linear and isotropic medium, the measurement frequency is a low frequency band, and the ECT sensor measurement field 1 is set as an electrostatic field.
  • the concrete component in the ECT sensor measurement field 1 is a linear and isotropic medium
  • the measurement frequency is a low frequency band
  • the ECT sensor measurement field 1 is set as an electrostatic field.
  • the ECT sensor involved in the present invention is an ECT sensor disclosed in Chinese patent 201910904259.1 for monitoring the internal moisture transmission of concrete members.
  • the present invention is a new idea and analysis method based on COMSOL software for solving the forward problem of the ECT system.
  • the uniformity of the sensitive field of the ECT sensor is analyzed through the calculation results, and the components of the ECT sensor are adjusted. Seek the best design plan for the structural parameter values of the concrete structure.
  • it can directly observe the changes of the internal electromagnetic field when the concrete structure is water-containing, and obtain the relationship between the internal moisture content of the concrete structure and the relative permittivity, which improves the ECT technology to image the concrete.
  • the accuracy of the internal moisture content of the structure provides a new verification method for the durability test of the concrete structure, and provides a new idea and theoretical basis for the durability of the concrete structure; it has the following advantages: (1) Two-dimensional ECT sensor modeling and analysis method operation Simple, convenient and practical, compared with 3D modeling and analysis method, it greatly reduces the calculation time; (2) By adjusting the parameter value of the ECT sensor in the finite element model, the structure of the ECT sensor can be quickly optimized, thereby reducing the ECT sensor The non-uniformity of the sensitive field improves the measurement accuracy of the ECT sensor; (3) It can quickly solve the positive problem of the ECT sensor measurement, and realize the accurate calculation of the Maxwell capacitance matrix, the mutual inductance capacitance matrix and the sensitivity matrix of the ECT sensor measurement area 1.
  • the detailed data diagrams of electric field, potential and sensitivity provide theoretical basis for visual monitoring of ECT sensors; (4) Using COMSOL software to model and analyze ECT sensors, the test is highly controllable, the calculation is accurate and fast, the results are intuitive and clear, and real-time. High, with high economic value, it assists in analyzing the test results when the ECT system visually monitors the internal moisture content of the concrete structure; (5) The finite element model of the ECT sensor can be verified through simple tests, so as to achieve the comparison of imaging results under complex test conditions The verification solves the current lack of comparative verification of the ECT imaging results of concrete components.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the finite element model of the ECT sensor involved in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of mesh division of the finite element model of the ECT sensor according to the present invention.
  • the specific process of the ECT sensor structure optimization and electromagnetic field analysis method involved in this embodiment includes parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, meshing, physical field setting, solving, sensor structure optimization, and calculating electromagnetic field distribution. Eight steps:
  • (1) Parameter setting Enter the parameter values of each component in the physical picture of the ECT sensor in the global definition directory in the COMSOL software (finite element analysis software): the radius of the ECT sensor measurement field 1 is 7.5 cm, and the PVC layer 2 The thickness of the copper electrode layer 3 is 0.5cm, the width and the opening angle of the copper electrode layer 3 are 4cm and The embedding depth of the radial electrode layer 4 is 0, the radius of the air domain 5 is 10cm, the radius of the shielding layer 6 is 10cm, and the impurity area 7 is a water-containing area with a radius of 3cm and 10 ⁇ 2cm, so that the parameters can be changed quickly after the modeling is completed. Observe the electromagnetic field distribution of ECT sensor measurement field 1 when different design parameter values are given;
  • Material setting Set the material of ECT sensor measurement field 1 to concrete, the material of PVC layer 2 to plastic, the material of copper electrode layer 3 and shielding layer 6 to copper, and the material of air field 5 to For air, set the material properties (relative permittivity, relative permeability, conductivity and density) of the impurity region 7 according to the setting requirements;
  • Sensor structure optimization use the sensitivity S i,j (k) obtained in the solution step to introduce an optimization function Among them, S avgi,j and S devi,j are the mean value and standard deviation of the sensitive field, respectively.
  • a set of optimal parameter values are obtained, including: the thickness of PVC layer 2, copper
  • the size of the electrode layer 3 and the embedding depth of the radial electrode layer 4 realize parameter optimization of the sensor structure, improve the uniformity of the sensitive field, and obtain an ECT sensor with an optimized structure;

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Abstract

一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法，工艺过程包括参数设定、几何设定、材料设定、网格剖分、物理场设定、求解、传感器结构优化和计算电磁场分布共八个步骤，是基于COMSOL软件针对ECT系统正问题求解提出的一种新思路，建模完成后通过计算结果分析ECT传感器敏感场的均匀程度，调整ECT传感器各部件的结构参数值，寻求最佳设计方案，与此同时，能够直观清晰地观察混凝土结构含水时内部电磁场的变化，得出混凝土结构内部水分含量与相对介电常数的关系，提高了ECT技术成像混凝土结构内部水分含量的准确性，为混凝土结构耐久性试验提供新的验证方法。

Description

一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法 技术领域：
本发明属于混凝土耐久性监测技术领域，具体涉及一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法，能够快速求解ECT传感器成像的正问题，实现ECT传感器的结构优化与测量场域电磁场变化的准确计算和快速分析。
背景技术：
混凝土结构的耐久性问题一直是土木工程界关注的热点，不仅直接关系到节约能源、节省耗材和环境保护等重大问题，还对经济和社会可持续发展具有深远影响。混凝土结构耐久性失效的原因多种多样，而水分的存在和迁移是导致耐久性不足的重要诱因和关键因素：一方面，水分是侵蚀性介质进入混凝土的载体，另一方面，水分又是劣化反应过程发生的必要条件，因而，基于可视化技术对水分传输过程进行动态监测、量化分析具有重要意义。
电容层析成像技术(ECT)是一种基于电容敏感机理的无损检测技术，其工作原理是：基于不同物质具有不同的介电常数，采用特殊设计的敏感阵列传感器，通过测量敏感电极之间的电压值，利用适当的图像重建算法构建目标场域内介质的分布情况，进而实现介质分布的可视化测量。ECT技术具有非侵入性、响应速度快、适用范围广、成本低、无辐射、便携等优点，因此利用该技术定量研究混凝土结构内部水分分布，为更加客观和准确地评价混凝土结构耐久性提供有效 的技术支持。
ECT系统由阵列式电容传感器、数据采集与信息处理系统及成像计算机三部分组成。其中，阵列式电容传感器是ECT系统的核心部分，一方面ECT重建图像的质量直接取决于传感器内部敏感场的均匀程度，而敏感场的均匀程度又取决于结构参数的设计；另一方面ECT成像的正问题为设定传感器结构、电极之间的测量策略及敏感场内的介质分布，求解场域内电磁场的分布，最终获得场域的边界响应值与介质分布的对应关系。因此，针对混凝土构件，设计并优化相应的传感器结构，且准确计算场域内电磁场的分布，是实现定量监测混凝土构件内部水分含量的重要前提。
ECT传感器测量场域宏观电磁场现象可用麦克斯韦方程组表示：
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000001
其中，磁场强度H、电场强度E、磁感应强度B、电通量密度D为四个场向量，电流密度J与电荷密度ρ为两个源量。
ECT系统测量区域为线性、各向同性的均匀介质时，存在以下本构关系：
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000002
且采用的激励电源工作频率为低频段时，满足静电场要求，可得出静电场基本方程：
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000003
其中，ε为介电常数，μ为磁导率，φ为电势能。
根据上述方程组可得出ECT系统的数学模型为泊松方程：
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000004
根据高斯公式，正问题求解的i、j电极对之间的电容值为：
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000006
为激励电极i与测量电极j之间的电势差，A为电极j的封闭区域面积，Q电极j上的感应电荷量。
求解上述ECT正问题的方法有解析法和有限元分析法。采用解析法直接求解上式，不仅推导过程复杂，而且需要建立精确的场域模型，难以得到精确解。相比之下，有限元分析法将所求解的场域剖分为多个小单元，用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实场域，计算精度高且适用于求解各种复杂的场域，因此，大多采用有限元法求解ECT正问题。然而，目前大多数针对ECT传感器的研究只集中在管道两相流的可视化监测中，在混凝土领域有关ECT传感器的相关专利少之又少，关于ECT传感器具体建模分析方法更是尚未有相关文献报道。
基于电容测量的ECT技术对水泥基材料中的水分很敏感，能够在定量监测水泥基材料内部水分分布方面展示出其独特的优势。通过计 算机建模分析，设计优化适用于混凝土领域的ECT传感器内部结构，并准确快速计算混凝土构件所在场域内电磁场的分布，对比实际试验结果进行比较分析，为混凝土耐久性问题提供一种新的研究思路和手段，实现混凝土结构耐久性的精准预测。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法，实现传感器结构参数的设计优化及测量场域内电磁场分布的准确计算，为定量可视化监测混凝土构件内部水分含量提供理论依据。
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法的具体工艺过程包括参数设定、几何设定、材料设定、网格剖分、物理场设定、求解、传感器结构优化和计算电磁场分布共八个步骤：
(1)参数设定：在COMSOL软件(有限元分析软件)中依次输入ECT传感器实物图中各部件的参数值，以便于建模完成后快速更改参数值，观察在给定不同设计参数值时ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布；
参数值包括：ECT传感器测量场域1的半径、PVC层2的厚度、铜电极层3的尺寸和张角、径向电极层4的嵌入深度、空气域5的半径、屏蔽层6的半径以及杂质区域7的尺寸；
(2)几何设定：在COMSOL软件中通过实物图建立ECT传感器有限元模型，以ECT传感器有限元模型的中心为圆心，依次建立ECT传 感器测量场域1的混凝土构件、PVC层2、铜电极层3、径向电极层4、空气域5、屏蔽层6和杂质区域7；
(3)材料设定：将ECT传感器测量场域1的材料设置为混凝土，PVC层2的材料设置为塑料，铜电极层3和屏蔽层6的材料设置为铜，空气域5的材料设置为空气，根据设定要求设置杂质区域7的材料属性(相对介电常数、相对磁导率、电导率和密度)；
(4)网格剖分：将ECT传感器有限元模型区域的网格剖分类别设置为自由三角形网格剖分，根据设定精度设置最大和最小单元格尺寸，进一步提高计算精度；
(5)物理场设定：将ECT传感器有限元模型的12个电极依次设置为终端，且设置参数化扫描，以便于测量过程中依次激励各极板，观察不同激励情况下电磁场的分布情况，同时，将外部屏蔽装置设置为接地；
(6)求解：在COMSOL软件中进行Maxwell电容矩阵、互感电容矩阵和灵敏度矩阵的计算，并依次绘制电场、电势和灵敏度的详细数据图，初步完成ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布计算；
(7)传感器结构优化：利用求解步骤得到的灵敏度，引入优化函数，通过因素轮换设计试验方法或正交优化设计法，得到一组最佳参数值，实现传感器结构的参数优化，提高敏感场的均匀性，得到优化结构的ECT传感器；
(8)计算电磁场分布：基于ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布情况，通过试验测得不同含水率混凝土结构的相对介电常数，相应 的更改ECT传感器有限元模型中ECT传感器测量场域1的介电常数值，模拟ECT传感器测量场域1内水分变化时电磁场的变化情况，实现混凝土结构内部水分含量变化时电磁场的准确分析，以便更好地解释试验结果，为混凝土结构耐久性分析提供理论依据。
本发明涉及的ECT传感器有限元模型类型为二维，ECT传感器测量场域1内混凝土构件为线性、各向同性介质，测量频率为低频段，设定ECT传感器测量场域1为静电场，在COMSOL软件中依次选择二维→静电模块→稳态研究。
本发明涉及的ECT传感器为中国专利201910904259.1公开的一种监测混凝土构件内部水分传输的ECT传感器。
本发明与现有技术相比，是基于COMSOL软件针对ECT系统正问题求解提出的一种新思路和分析方法，建模完成后通过计算结果分析ECT传感器敏感场的均匀程度，调整ECT传感器各部件的结构参数值，寻求最佳设计方案，与此同时，能够直观清晰地观察混凝土结构含水时内部电磁场的变化，得出混凝土结构内部水分含量与相对介电常数的关系，提高了ECT技术成像混凝土结构内部水分含量的准确性，为混凝土结构耐久性试验提供新的验证方法，为混凝土结构耐久性提供新的思路与理论依据；其具有以下优势：(1)二维ECT传感器建模分析法操作简单、应用方便、切合实际，相比于三维建模分析法，极大减少计算时间；(2)通过调整有限元模型中ECT传感器的参数值，实现快速优化ECT传感器结构，进而减小ECT传感器敏感场的非均匀性特性，提高ECT传感器的测量精度；(3)能够快速解决ECT传感 器测量的正问题，实现ECT传感器测量区域1的Maxwell电容矩阵、互感电容矩阵和灵敏度矩阵的精确计算，得到电场、电势和灵敏度的详细数据图，为ECT传感器可视化监测提供理论依据；(4)采用COMSOL软件对ECT传感器进行建模分析，试验可控性高、计算精确快速、结果直观清晰，且实时性高、具有较高的经济价值，在ECT系统可视化监测混凝土结构内部水分含量时辅助分析试验结果；(5)通过简单的试验能够验证ECT传感器有限元模型，从而实现复杂试验情况下成像结果的对比验证，解决了目前混凝土构件ECT成像结果缺乏对比验证的问题。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的工艺流程框图。
图2为本发明涉及的ECT传感器有限元模型示意图。
图3为本发明涉及的ECT传感器有限元模型的网格剖分示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施实例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及的ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法的具体工艺过程包括参数设定、几何设定、材料设定、网格剖分、物理场设定、求解、传感器结构优化和计算电磁场分布共八个步骤：
(1)参数设定：在COMSOL软件(有限元分析软件)中全局定义目录下依次输入ECT传感器实物图中的各部件的参数值：ECT传感器测量场域1的半径为7.5cm、PVC层2的厚度为0.5cm、铜电极层3 的宽度和张角分别为4cm和
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000007
径向电极层4的嵌入深度为0、空气域5的半径为10cm、屏蔽层6的半径为10cm以及杂质区域7为半径3cm与10×2cm的含水区域，以便于建模完成后快速更改参数值，观察在给定不同设计参数值时ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布；
(2)几何设定：在COMSOL软件中通过实物图建立ECT传感器有限元模型，以ECT传感器有限元模型的中心为圆心，依次建立ECT传感器测量场域1的混凝土构件、PVC层2、铜电极层3、径向电极层4、空气域5、屏蔽层6和杂质区域7；
(3)材料设定：将ECT传感器测量场域1的材料设置为混凝土，PVC层2的材料设置为塑料，铜电极层3和屏蔽层6的材料设置为铜，空气域5的材料设置为空气，根据设定要求设置杂质区域7的材料属性(相对介电常数、相对磁导率、电导率和密度)；
(4)网格剖分：将ECT传感器有限元模型区域的网格剖分类别设置为自由三角形网格剖分，根据设定精度设置最大单元格尺寸为2mm，最小单元格尺寸为0.5mm，进一步提高计算精度；
(5)物理场设定：将ECT传感器有限元模型的12个电极依次设置为终端，激励电压为5V，且设置参数化扫描，以便于测量过程中依次激励各极板，观察不同激励情况下电磁场的分布情况，同时，将外部屏蔽装置设置为接地；
(6)求解：在COMSOL软件中进行Maxwell电容矩阵、互感电容矩阵和灵敏度矩阵的计算，并依次绘制电场、电势和灵敏度的详细数 据图，初步完成ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布计算；
(7)传感器结构优化：利用求解步骤得到的灵敏度S i,j(k)，引入优化函数
Figure PCTCN2020131878-appb-000008
其中S avgi,j和S devi,j分别为敏感场的均值和标准方差，通过因素轮换设计试验方法或正交优化设计法，得到一组最佳参数值，包括：PVC层2的厚度、铜电极层3的尺寸、径向电极层4的嵌入深度，实现传感器结构的参数优化，提高敏感场的均匀性，得到优化结构的ECT传感器；
(8)计算电磁场分布：基于ECT传感器测量场域1的电磁场分布情况，通过试验测得不同含水率混凝土结构的相对介电常数，相应地更改ECT传感器有限元模型中ECT传感器测量场域1的介电常数值，模拟ECT传感器测量场域1内水分变化时的电磁场的变化情况，实现混凝土结构内部水分含量变化时电磁场的准确分析，以便更好地解释试验结果，为混凝土结构耐久性分析提供理论依据。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法，其特征在于，具体工艺过程包括参数设定、几何设定、材料设定、网格剖分、物理场设定、求解、传感器结构优化和计算电磁场分布共八个步骤：
    (1)参数设定：在COMSOL软件中依次输入ECT传感器实物图中各部件的参数值，以便于建模完成后快速更改参数值，观察在给定不同设计参数值时ECT传感器测量场域的电磁场分布；
    (2)几何设定：在COMSOL软件中通过实物图建立ECT传感器有限元模型，以ECT传感器有限元模型的中心为圆心，依次建立ECT传感器测量场域的混凝土构件、PVC层、铜电极层、径向电极层、空气域、屏蔽层和杂质区域；
    (3)材料设定：将ECT传感器测量场域的材料设置为混凝土，PVC层的材料设置为塑料，铜电极层和屏蔽层的材料设置为铜，空气域的材料设置为空气，根据设定要求设置杂质区域的材料属性；
    (4)网格剖分：将ECT传感器有限元模型区域的网格剖分类别设置为自由三角形网格剖分，根据设定精度设置最大和最小单元格尺寸，进一步提高计算精度；
    (5)物理场设定：将ECT传感器有限元模型的12个电极依次设置为终端，且设置参数化扫描，以便于测量过程中依次激励各极板，观察不同激励情况下电磁场的分布情况，同时，将外部屏蔽装置设置为接地；
    (6)求解：在COMSOL软件中进行Maxwell电容矩阵、互感电容矩阵和灵敏度矩阵的计算，并依次绘制电场、电势和灵敏度的详细数据图，初步完成ECT传感器测量场域的电磁场分布计算；
    (7)传感器结构优化：利用求解步骤得到的灵敏度，引入优化函数，通过因素轮换设计试验方法或正交优化设计法，得到一组最佳参数值，实现传感器结构的参数优化，提高敏感场的均匀性，得到优化结构的ECT传感器；
    (8)计算电磁场分布：基于ECT传感器测量场域的电磁场分布情况，通过试验测得不同含水率混凝土结构的相对介电常数，相应的更改ECT传感器有限元模型中ECT传感器测量场域的介电常数值，模拟ECT传感器测量场域内水分变化时电磁场的变化情况，实现混凝土结构内部水分含量变化时电磁场的准确分析，以便更好地解释试验结果，为混凝土结构耐久性分析提供理论依据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种ECT传感器结构优化与电磁场分析方法，其特征在于，ECT传感器有限元模型类型为二维，ECT传感器测量场域内混凝土构件为线性、各向同性介质，测量频率为低频段，设定ECT传感器测量场域为静电场，在COMSOL软件中依次选择二维→静电模块→稳态研究。
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