WO2021189564A1 - 一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉 - Google Patents

一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021189564A1
WO2021189564A1 PCT/CN2020/084644 CN2020084644W WO2021189564A1 WO 2021189564 A1 WO2021189564 A1 WO 2021189564A1 CN 2020084644 W CN2020084644 W CN 2020084644W WO 2021189564 A1 WO2021189564 A1 WO 2021189564A1
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Prior art keywords
air outlet
pipeline
degreasing
vacuum
outlet pipe
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PCT/CN2020/084644
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鹏
徐文立
胡芳
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宁波恒普真空技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021189564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189564A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a vacuum degreasing and sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipelines.
  • the carbon content of the product is directly related to the size and performance of the product, such as 316L products.
  • the carbon content is too large and the size is too large, and the corrosion resistance is also deteriorated.
  • One of them is that the pipe is blocked and the air flow is not smooth.
  • the pipe diameter has an impact on the air pumping speed. If the pumping speed is slow, the air flow is insufficient.
  • the impurities and binders in the product cannot be completely carried out by the carrier gas and will stay in the product.
  • it is further converted into carbon, which increases the carbon content in the product.
  • the sealed box is connected to the degreasing pipeline and the inner pumping pipeline at the air outlet.
  • the two pipelines share the same pipeline at the air outlet.
  • the inner pumping pipeline is separated into the inner vacuum pipeline and the partial pressure sintering tube at the back end.
  • the process of the product in the vacuum debinding sintering furnace generally uses the vacuum internal firing process. Since liposuction first, then internal vacuum, and then partial pressure sintering, the temperature in the furnace is also from low to high, and the airflow of the three processes is If the air ports pass through the same pipe, the following problems will occur.
  • Degreasing is generally below 600 degrees.
  • the binder precipitated in the product enters the outlet of the material box from the gaseous state with the carrier gas, passes through the gas outlet pipe, and then enters the degreasing pipe.
  • the hot binder vapor flows through the pipe and collides with the pipe.
  • part of the gaseous adhesive will become liquid when it is cold and be captured by the pipe, and some of the liquefied adhesive will directly solidify on the pipe wall.
  • a heating wire is wound on the pipe wall to heat the pipe so that the adhesive does not solidify and prevent clogging.
  • the non-solidified liquid adhesive flows into the grease collecting tank with the airflow in the pipeline and the inclination of the pipeline.
  • the degreasing process has already ended.
  • the pipeline will switch to the internal pumping pipeline, and the temperature in the furnace will rise higher and higher.
  • the residual binder in the gas outlet pipe will partially vaporize at high temperature, and will enter the inner suction pipe with the air flow. As the temperature in the furnace rises, the temperature of the gas passing through the furnace will be higher and enter the gas outlet pipe.
  • the adhesive remaining in the gas outlet pipe will deposit carbon at high temperature and become hard carbon and adhere to the pipe wall. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the carbon deposit on the pipe wall will become very difficult. Rough, when the next degreasing process, the binder is easily captured by the rough pipe wall. As the number of furnaces increases, the carbon deposits in the gas outlet pipe will become more and more piled, the blockage will become more and more serious, and the air flow will not be smooth. Flow through has an obstructive effect on the atmosphere in the furnace, increasing the carbon content in the product, and the product carbon potential at the air outlet is obviously distributed, the size of the sintered product is uneven, and the carbon content in the product is high and uneven.
  • the disassembly of the pipeline is convenient for furnace transportation, and the flange is connected on the pipeline, and the flange must be sealed with a sealing element to promote the maintenance of the tightness with the furnace.
  • the temperature resistance of the seal is generally lower than 200 degrees, and the long-term too high will damage the seal at the pipe flange connection.
  • the heating wire on the pipe can control the temperature of the heating pipe, which is lower than the set value and heated by the heating wire higher than the set value. Stop heating.
  • the temperature of the outlet pipe is difficult to control.
  • the airflow from the furnace passes through the outlet pipe first. Even if the heat loss of the pipe is added, the temperature on the outlet pipe will exceed the alarm value. In the temperature resistance range of the seal, the seal will be damaged and the furnace will leak, and the furnace will stop running, which is uncontrollable. If a cooling water jacket is installed in the air outlet pipe, the cooling effect of the pipe will be significant. However, since the air outlet pipe is also passed through during degreasing, the pipe is filled with cooling water, which will cause the binder in the pipe to solidify rapidly and cause blockage, which is inconsistent with the degreasing process.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to ensure that the pipes are unobstructed during partial pressure sintering, and to solve the problem of over-temperature alarms for pipes when there is a large air flow in the furnace.
  • the problem is to provide a vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to ensure that the pipes are unobstructed during partial pressure sintering, and to solve the problem of over-temperature alarms for pipes when there is a large air flow in the furnace. The problem.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • the present invention provides a vacuum degreasing and sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipelines.
  • the vacuum degreasing sintering furnace includes a first air outlet and a second air outlet arranged on the bottom of the furnace in the material box, and the first air outlet is connected with the furnace body flange.
  • the second air outlet is connected with an inner pumping pipeline through the furnace body flange, the end of the inner pumping pipeline is respectively connected with an inner vacuum pipeline and a partial pressure sintering pipeline, and the inner vacuum pipeline is connected
  • a roots pump is connected with a vacuum pump through a pipeline
  • the degreasing pipeline is sequentially connected with a grease collection tank and a trap, and the trap is connected to the end of the partial pressure sintering pipeline and passes through
  • a pipeline is connected with the pipeline between the Roots pump and the vacuum pump; the inner pumping pipeline and the degreasing pipeline are both provided with a control valve and a pressure sensor.
  • a fan is provided at the position of the first air outlet and the second air outlet, and a fan cover is provided outside the fan; the air outlet of the fan is located in the direction of the degreasing pipeline and the inner suction pipeline.
  • a cooling water jacket is sleeved on the inner pumping pipeline.
  • an elastic carbon-carbon baffle is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate of the material box, and the carbon-carbon baffle is provided with openings corresponding to the first air outlet and the second air outlet, respectively.
  • the first air outlet includes a first upper air outlet pipe that is in clearance fit connection with the bottom plate of the material box, and the bottom of the first upper air outlet pipe is fixedly sleeved in the first lower air outlet pipe, and the first air outlet
  • the upper air outlet pipe and the first lower air outlet pipe are bored with sleeves
  • the second air outlet includes a second upper air outlet pipe connected to the bottom of the material box, and the bottom of the second upper air outlet pipe is movably sleeved on In the second lower air outlet pipe, the first lower air outlet pipe and the second lower air outlet pipe pass through the heat insulation cylinder, and a furnace body flange is arranged below the heat insulation cylinder, and the furnace body flange passes through the cooling water clamp set.
  • the furnace body flange is provided with two vent holes, and the bottom of the furnace body flange is provided with a concave groove structure, and the groove structure is located between the cooling water jacket and the cooling water jacket. Between the first lower air outlet pipe and the second lower air outlet pipe.
  • the top end of the second upper air outlet pipe is provided with an outer edge of a spherical structure, and the outer edge is matingly connected with the conical or cylindrical surface of the bottom plate of the material box.
  • a protrusion with a spherical structure is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second upper air outlet tube, and the protrusion and the second lower air outlet tube are matched and connected by a sliding groove.
  • the first air outlet and the second air outlet are arranged in the middle of the bottom plate of the material box, at both ends of the bottom plate of the material box, or are respectively arranged at each end of the bottom plate of the material box; the center of the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected
  • the direction of the line is perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the airflow.
  • two air outlets are provided, one is used for degreasing, and the other is used for internal vacuuming and partial pressure sintering, so that the influence of the binder on the subsequent pipeline is solved from the source, and the pipeline is always kept unobstructed.
  • the setting of the cooling water jacket and the fan makes the temperature of the internal pumping pipe lower than the alarm value, which solves the flow restriction problem and meets the requirements of the processing atmosphere with a larger flow;
  • the elastic carbon-carbon baffle not only blocks the binder vapor Leaking from the gap also plays the role of holding the upper outlet pipe from running out due to the installation accuracy and dislocation during expansion;
  • the spherical structure of the upper outlet pipe acts as a universal joint, which can make it swing at will and avoid It ruptures when it expands at high temperature.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum debinding sintering furnace system in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the carbon deposit structure inside the pipe of the vacuum degreasing and sintering furnace in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the carbon deposit structure inside the furnace casing in the prior art
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum degreasing sintering furnace system with double internally drawn down pipes according to the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the outside of the vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes according to the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double inner drawdown pipes in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a second vacuum degreasing and sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a third type of vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a third type of vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes in another embodiment of the present invention after the material box is misplaced due to thermal expansion and other reasons;
  • 1 is the bottom of the material box
  • 2 is the first air outlet
  • 201 is the first upper air outlet
  • 202 is the first lower air outlet
  • 3 is the second air outlet
  • 301 is the second upper air outlet
  • 3011 is the outer edge
  • 3012 is the protrusion
  • 302 is the second lower air outlet pipe
  • 4 is the furnace flange
  • 401 is the groove structure
  • 5 is the degreasing pipe
  • 6 is the internal pumping pipe
  • 7 is the internal vacuum pipe
  • 8 is the point Pressure sintering pipeline
  • 9 is Roots pump
  • 10 is vacuum pump
  • 11 is grease tank
  • 12 is trap
  • 13 is control valve
  • 14 is pressure sensor
  • 15 is fan
  • 16 is cooling water jacket
  • 17 is Carbon baffle
  • 18 is a sleeve
  • 19 is a heat insulation tube
  • 20 is a fan cover
  • 21 is a heating wire.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to ensure that the pipes are unobstructed during partial pressure sintering, and to solve the problem of over-temperature alarms for pipes when there is a large air flow in the furnace.
  • the problem is to provide a vacuum degreasing sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to ensure that the pipes are unobstructed during partial pressure sintering, and to solve the problem of over-temperature alarms for pipes when there is a large air flow in the furnace. The problem.
  • the present invention provides a vacuum degreasing and sintering furnace with double internally drawn down pipes, as shown in Figs.
  • An air outlet 2 is connected to a degreasing pipeline 5 through a furnace body flange 4, and a second air outlet 3 is connected to an inner pumping pipeline 6 through a furnace body flange 4, and the ends of the inner pumping pipeline 6 are respectively connected to an inner vacuum pipeline 7
  • the partial pressure sintering pipeline 8 the internal vacuum pipeline 7 is connected with a roots pump 9, and the roots pump 9 is connected with a vacuum pump 10 through the pipeline;
  • the collector 12 communicates with the end of the partial pressure sintering pipeline 8 and is connected to the roots pump 9 and the vacuum pump 10 through a pipeline;
  • the internal pumping pipeline 6 and the degreasing pipeline 5 are both provided with a control valve 13 and Pressure sensor 14.
  • a fan 15 is provided at the position of the first air outlet 2 and the second air outlet 3, and a fan cover 20 is provided outside the fan 15;
  • a cooling water jacket 16 is sleeved on the inner pumping pipeline 6.
  • An elastic carbon-carbon baffle 17 is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate of the material box 1, and the carbon-carbon baffle 17 is provided with openings corresponding to the first air outlet 2 and the second air outlet 3 respectively.
  • the first air outlet 2 includes a first upper air outlet pipe 201 that is in clearance fit connection with the bottom plate 1 of the material box. The bottom of the first upper air outlet pipe 201 is fixedly sleeved in the first lower air outlet pipe 202.
  • the first upper air outlet pipe 201 and the first The lower air outlet pipe 202 is provided with a sleeve 18;
  • the second air outlet 3 includes a second upper air outlet pipe 301 connected to the bottom plate 1 of the material box, and the bottom of the second upper air outlet pipe 301 is movably sleeved on the second lower air outlet pipe 302
  • the first lower air outlet pipe 202 and the second lower air outlet pipe 302 pass through the heat insulation cylinder 19
  • a furnace body flange 4 is provided under the heat insulation cylinder 19 and the furnace body flange 4 passes through the cooling water jacket 16.
  • the furnace body flange 4 is provided with two vent holes, and the bottom of the furnace body flange 4 is provided with a concave groove structure 401.
  • the groove structure 401 is located between the cooling water jacket 16 and the first lower gas outlet pipe 202 and the second Between the lower air outlet pipes 302, the temperature conducted by the cooling water jacket 16 is effectively separated, and heating devices such as heat conducting pads or heating wires 21 are installed to solve the problem of blocking when the temperature of the adhesive is too low when passing through.
  • the top end of the second upper air outlet pipe 301 is provided with an outer edge 3011 of a spherical structure, and the outer edge 3011 is matedly connected with the conical or cylindrical surface of the bottom plate 1 of the material box.
  • the outer wall of the bottom end of the second upper air outlet pipe 301 is provided with a protrusion 3012 with a spherical structure, and the protrusion 3012 is connected to the second lower air outlet pipe 302 by a sliding groove.
  • the upper and lower air outlet pipes of the present invention are arranged in sections to reduce When disassembling the upper and lower outlet pipes, the metal melts and destroys the cost of removal; the sleeve 18 is used in the middle, so that the airflow is directly transmitted through the sleeve 18 to avoid leakage. The sleeve 18 is directly damaged and taken out during disassembly, which reduces the damage to the upper and lower outlet pipes. .
  • the first air outlet 2 is used for special degreasing
  • the second air outlet 3 is used for internal vacuum and partial pressure sintering, so that the influence of the binder on the subsequent pipelines is solved from the source.
  • a cooling water jacket 16 is provided on the inner pumping pipeline under the furnace, and the inner pumping pipeline and the degreasing pipeline are aligned with the direction of the inner pumping pipeline and the degreasing pipeline under the furnace body. Quasi-internal pumping pipeline and degreasing pipeline.
  • the degreasing pipeline works and the heating wire is heated to ensure that the binder in the pipeline flows into the grease collecting tank smoothly.
  • the fan starts to ensure that the seal on the degreasing pipe is below the limited temperature value.
  • the fan stops and the heating wire works to control the pipe temperature within a certain range. Because there is no high-temperature gas passing through the degreasing pipeline, there will be no carbon deposits in the pipeline. In the subsequent process of pipeline heating and cleaning, the adhesive solidified on the pipe wall will melt and become liquid and flow into the grease collection tank. After cleaning, the pipeline will also be relatively Clean, reducing the pipeline blockage rate.
  • the valve on the degreasing pipeline is closed, the airflow from the furnace is relatively clean, there is no binder vapor, the binder vapor has been removed during degreasing, and the airflow is drawn from the inner pipe.
  • the internal pumping pipeline will not be blocked, whether it is internal vacuuming or partial pressure sintering, the pipeline remains unobstructed, and the parts on the pipeline are also kept clean and the damage rate is reduced because the pipeline is kept clean.
  • the temperature is far below the alarm value, and the previous flow restriction problem can also be solved.
  • the method of separating pipes by degreasing and sintering solves the problem of pipe blockage from the source, makes the furnace atmosphere control more stable, and the residual binder in the pipe will not run into the furnace to affect sintering.
  • the inner suction pipe close to the air outlet is provided with a cooling water jacket 16 to transfer the temperature to the sealing flange 4 to make the seal work normally.
  • cooling water can also be provided on the pipe
  • radiating fins can also be provided on the pipeline, or the cooling jacket and fins can be installed at the same time, or the cooling coils and fins can be installed at the same time. Coupled with the air-cooling effect of the fan with large air volume, it can meet the processing atmosphere demand of more atmospheric flow in the furnace.
  • the elastic carbon-carbon baffle not only prevents the adhesive vapor from leaking from the gap, but also holds the upper air outlet pipe from running out due to the installation accuracy and dislocation during expansion.
  • the spherical structure of the second upper air outlet pipe 301 of the second air outlet 3 is connected with the bottom plate 1 of the material box through the upper cone hole to play a line sealing function.
  • the spherical convex structure at the lower part of the second upper air outlet pipe 301 is inserted into the second lower outlet In the chute of the air pipe 302, this structural design can avoid the problem of inability to install due to installation accuracy errors.
  • the second upper air outlet pipe 301 adopts a spherical design, which is equivalent to a universal structure.
  • the second upper air outlet pipe 301 can swing in any direction. This structure can also avoid the problem of dislocation and fracture during high-temperature expansion. Because there is a cooling water jacket 16 at the furnace body flange 4, which is a low-temperature component, even if the furnace temperature is high, the expansion of the flange can be ignored, but the material box The temperature of the bottom plate 1 will reach 1300 degrees or even higher.
  • the second upper outlet pipe 301 has a spherical structure.
  • the second upper outlet pipe 301 can be inserted into the chute of the second lower outlet pipe 302 obliquely, because any angle of the spherical surface is the same. , With the ball as the center, it can swing at any angle with the expansion and contraction of the bottom plate 1 of the tank.
  • the air outlet structure can also be spherical design for the first air outlet 2 and the second air outlet 3, or the first air outlet 2
  • Both the second air outlet 3 and the second air outlet 3 adopt a fixed method, and the gap between the air outlet pipe on the air outlet connecting the degreasing pipeline and the bottom plate 1 of the tank is as small as possible, because the binder vapor enters the degreasing pipeline during degreasing to reduce the amount of escape. After the degreasing, the binder in the product has been basically removed.
  • the gap between the air outlet pipe on the air port and the bottom of the material box can be increased to solve the problem of expansion and installation misalignment.
  • the air outlet has a carbon baffle to cover the gap, reducing the influence of the atmosphere caused by mutual leakage between the inside and the outside of the material box.
  • the distribution of the two air outlets of the present invention can not only be set perpendicular to the air flow direction, but also can be set parallel to the air flow direction.

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Abstract

一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，涉及真空脱脂烧结炉技术领域，包括设置于料箱底板（1）上的第一出气口（2）和第二出气口（3），所述第一出气口（2）通过炉体法兰（4）连接有脱脂管路（5），所述第二出气口（3）通过炉体法兰（4）连接有内抽管路（6），所述内抽管路（6）末端分别连接有内抽真空管路（7）和分压烧结管路（8），所述内抽真空管路（7）连接有罗茨泵（9），所述罗茨泵（9）通过管路连接有真空泵（10）；所述脱脂管路（5）依次连接有集脂箱（11）和捕集器（12），所述捕集器（12）与所述分压烧结管路（8）末端连通后通过一管路与所述罗茨泵（9）和真空泵（10）之间的管路连接；所述内抽管路（6）和脱脂管路（5）上均设置有控制阀（13）和压力传感器（14）；该真空脱脂烧结炉能够确保分压烧结时管路通畅，并解决炉内大气流时管道超温报警的问题。

Description

一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉 技术领域
本发明涉及粉末冶金技术领域，特别是涉及一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉。
背景技术
粉末冶金产品如MIM产品在烧结过程中，最重要的是产品碳含量的控制，碳含量直接关系到产品尺寸与性能，例316L材质的产品。碳含量多尺寸偏大，防腐性也变差。影响碳含量的因素很多。其中一项为管道堵塞造成气流不通畅，管道通径对气流抽速有影响，抽速慢了，气流不足，产品中的杂质和粘结剂不能被载流气体完全带出，会滞留在产品中，在高温烧结过程中进而转化为碳，使产品中碳含量增加，以目前的炉型结构，由于低温与高温出气管有共用部分，即多种工艺共用管道，难以避免管道内堵塞问题，且目前管道还存在超温报警而气体限流的问题，以下为原技术存在的问题：
如图1，密封箱在出气口连接脱脂管路与内抽管路，两路管路在出气口共用一根管道，内抽管路在后端又分离成内抽真空管路和分压烧结管路，产品在真空脱脂烧结炉中的工艺一般会选用真空内烧工艺，由于先抽脂，再内抽真空，再分压烧结，炉内温度也由低到高，三种工艺的气流在出气口都经过同一管道，会出现如下问题。
脱脂一般在600度以下，产品中析出的粘结剂由气态随着载流气体进入料箱出气口，通过出气管道，再进入脱脂管路，热态的粘结剂蒸气流经管道碰撞在管壁上，由于管道温度较炉内温度低很多，气态粘结剂遇冷会有部分变成液态被管道捕捉下来，也有部分被液化的粘结剂直接凝固在管壁上。当然管壁上缠绕有加热丝，用于加热管道使粘结剂不凝固，防止堵塞。没有凝固的液态粘结剂随管道内气流及管道倾斜度流入集脂箱，尽管有加热丝加热，但是无法避免有粘结剂被管壁吸附，加上管道中液态粘结剂流动速度非常慢，在出气管道中的液态粘结剂还没有完全流入脱脂管路中时，脱脂工序早已结束，进入下一步工序，管路会切换到内抽管路，且 炉内温度会越升越高，刚开始出气管道中残留的粘结剂会有部分在高温下气化，随气流进入内抽管路中，随着炉内温度的升高，经过炉内的气体温度会比较高，进入出气管道后残留在出气管道中的粘结剂在高温下会积碳，变成粗硬的碳附着在管壁上，如图2和图3所示，管壁上附有积碳后会变得很粗糙，当下一炉脱脂工序时，粘结剂非常容易被粗糙的管壁捕捉，随着炉数的增加，出气管道的积碳会越堆越多，堵塞情况会越来越严重，气流不能通畅流过，对炉内气氛有阻碍影响，使产品中碳含量增加，且出气口处的产品碳势呈明显分布，烧结后的产品尺寸不均匀，产品中碳含量高且不均匀。管道堵塞后由于碳粘附在管壁上，清理比较困难，且需要拆卸管道，缠绕在管道上的加热丝容易损坏。另一方面在出气口处的石墨套管容易积碳，很难清理掉积碳，只能通过更换新的石墨套管，清理后刚开始几炉好一些，炉数多了又会出现管道堵塞而造成产品烧不好的问题，之前提到的部分粘结剂进入内抽管道，内抽管道在后面分离成分压烧结管路和内抽真空管路，这两路管道中也会有粘结剂进入，随着炉数的増加，管道中粘结剂也会越来越多，虽不至于积碳，但容易凝固到管壁上阻塞管道，管道上有罗茨泵、阀门、传感器等部件，受粘结剂脏污影响，容易损坏，加大了部件的损坏率。特别是阀门在高温、脏堵、开闭频繁的状态下工作容易泄漏，导致炉内进氧，造成产品烧不好。而罗茨泵泵壳与转子之间只0.1至0.8毫米的间隙，进入粘结剂后会造成泵卡死等问题。
管道拆卸便于炉子运输，管道上法兰连接，法兰处要有密封件密封，促使与炉内保持密封性。密封件一般耐温低于200度，长时过高使管道法兰连接处密封件受损。脱脂时，由于炉内温度不高，管道温度也不会超出密封件耐温范围，管道上的加热丝加热管道的温度可以控制，低于设定值加热丝加热，高于设定值加热丝停止加热。但是在分压烧结时，出气管道温度就很难控制，由于靠近炉体，气流从炉内出来最先经过出气管道，就算加上管道热散失，出气管道上的温度会超出报警值，即超出密封件所承受耐温范围，会有密封件损坏而炉内泄漏的现象，炉子就会停止运行，这是不可控的。如果在出气管道设置冷却水夹套，管道降温效果显著，但由于脱脂时也会经过出气管道，管道通有冷却水，会使管道内粘结剂迅速凝固造成堵塞，所以与脱脂时相矛盾。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，确保分压烧结时管路通畅，并解决炉内大气流时管道超温报警的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，包括设置于炉内料箱底板上的第一出气口和第二出气口，所述第一出气口通过炉体法兰连接有脱脂管路，所述第二出气口通过炉体法兰连接有内抽管路，所述内抽管路末端分别连接有内抽真空管路和分压烧结管路，所述内抽真空管路连接有罗茨泵，所述罗茨泵通过管路连接有真空泵；所述脱脂管路依次连接有集脂箱和捕集器，所述捕集器与所述分压烧结管路末端连通后通过一管路与所述罗茨泵和真空泵之间的管路连接；所述内抽管路和脱脂管路上均设置有控制阀和压力传感器。
可选的，所述第一出气口和第二出气口位置处设置有风扇，所述风扇外设置有风扇罩；所述风扇的出风口位于所述脱脂管路和内抽管路方向。
可选的，所述内抽管路上套设有冷却水夹套。
可选的，所述料箱底板的内侧设置有弹性的碳碳挡板，所述碳碳挡板上开设有与所述第一出气口和第二出气口分别对应连通的开口。
可选的，所述第一出气口包括与所述料箱底板间隙配合连接的第一上出气管，所述第一上出气管底部固定套设于第一下出气管内，所述第一上出气管和第一下出气管内穿设有套管；所述第二出气口包括与所述料箱底板连接的第二上出气管，所述第二上出气管的底部活动套设于第二下出气管内，所述第一下出气管和第二下出气管穿过隔热筒，所述隔热筒下方设置有炉体法兰，所述炉体法兰穿过冷却水夹套。
可选的，所述炉体法兰上开设有两个出气孔，且所述炉体法兰底部开设有内凹的凹槽结构，所述凹槽结构位于所述冷却水夹套与所述第一下出气管和第二下出气管之间。
可选的，所述第二上出气管顶端设置有球面结构的外沿，所述外沿与所述料箱底板锥面或柱面配合连接。
可选的，所述第二上出气管的底端外壁上设置有球面结构的凸起，所述凸起与所述第二下出气管通过滑槽配合连接。
可选的，所述第一出气口和第二出气口布置在料箱底板中间、料箱底板两端或分别布置在料箱底板各端；所述第一出气口和第二出气口中心连线方向与气流方向垂直或平行。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：
本发明通过设置两个出气口，一路用于脱脂，一路用于内抽真空和分压烧结，从源头解决粘结剂对后续管路的影响，管道始终保持通畅。冷却水夹套和风扇的设置使得内抽管道的温度低于报警值，解决了限制流量问题，满足了更大流量的处理气氛要求；具有弹性的碳碳挡板不仅起到阻挡粘结剂蒸气从缝隙泄漏的作用，还起到由于安装精度和膨胀时错位而挺住上出气管不跑出的作用；上出气管的球面结构起到了万向节的作用，可以使其随意摆动，避免在高温膨胀时破裂。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中的真空脱脂烧结炉系统示意图；
图2为现有技术中的真空脱脂烧结炉的管道内部积碳结构示意图；
图3为现有技术中炉内套管内部积碳结构示意图；
图4为本发明带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉系统示意图；
图5为本发明带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉炉外局部示意图；
图6为本发明带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉炉内局部剖面示意图；
图7为本发明另一实施例中第一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉炉内局部剖面示意图；
图8为本发明另一实施例中第二种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉局部剖面示意图；
图9为本发明另一实施例中第三种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉炉内局部剖面示意图；
图10为本发明另一实施例中第三种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉料箱因热膨胀等原因错位后炉内局部剖面示意图；
其中，1为料箱底板、2为第一出气口、201为第一上出气管、202为第一下出气管、3为第二出气口、301为第二上出气管、3011为外沿、3012为凸起、302为第二下出气管、4为炉体法兰、401为凹槽结构、5为脱脂管路、6为内抽管路、7为内抽真空管路、8为分压烧结管路、9为罗茨泵、10为真空泵、11为集脂箱、12为捕集器、13为控制阀、14为压力传感器、15为风扇、16为冷却水夹套、17为碳碳挡板、18为套管、19为隔热筒、20为风扇罩、21为加热丝。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，确保分压烧结时管路通畅，并解决炉内大气流时管道超温报警的问题。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明提供一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，如图4-图6所示，包括设置于炉内料箱底板1上的第一出气口2和第二出气口3，第一出气口2通过炉体法兰4连接有脱脂管路5，第二出气口3通过炉体法兰4连接有内抽管路6，内抽管路6末端分别连接有内抽真空管路7和分压烧结管路8，内抽真空管路7连接有罗茨泵9，罗茨泵9通过管路连接有真空泵10；脱脂管路5依次连接有集脂箱11和捕集器12，捕集器12与分压烧结管路8末端连通后通过一管路与罗茨泵9和真空泵10之间的管路连接；内抽管路6和脱脂管路5上均设置有控制阀13和压力传感器14。
进一步优选的，第一出气口2和第二出气口3位置处设置有风扇15，风扇15外设置有风扇罩20；风扇15的出风口位于脱脂管路5和内抽管路6方向。内抽管路6上套设有冷却水夹套16。料箱底板1的内侧设置有弹性的碳碳挡板17，碳碳挡板17上开设有与第一出气口2和第二出气口3分别对应连通的开口。第一出气口2包括与料箱底板1间隙配合连接的第一上出气管201，第一上出气管201底部固定套设于第一下出气管202内，第一上出气管201和第一下出气管202内穿设有套管18；第二出气口3包括与料箱底板1连接的第二上出气管301，第二上出气管301的底部活动套设于第二下出气管302内，第一下出气管202和第二下出气管302穿过隔热筒19，隔热筒19下方设置有炉体法兰4，炉体法兰4穿过冷却水夹套16。炉体法兰4上开设有两个出气孔，且炉体法兰4底部开设有内凹的凹槽结构401，凹槽结构401位于冷却水夹套16与第一下出气管202和第二下出气管302之间，有效隔开了冷却水夹套16传导过来的温度，并装有导热垫或加热丝21等加热装置，解决粘结剂通过时温度太低而堵塞的问题。
第二上出气管301顶端设置有球面结构的外沿3011，外沿3011与料箱底板1锥面或柱面配合连接。第二上出气管301的底端外壁上设置有球面结构的凸起3012，凸起3012与第二下出气管302通过滑槽配合连接。本发明工作时炉内高温在1300度以上，如果有产品掉入或金属粉末本身的吹散粘附在管壁上，容易造成金属熔融，拆卸困难，本发明上下出气管分段设置，减少了拆卸时上下出气管金属熔融而破坏取出的成本；中间采用套管18，使得气流直接经由套管18传输，避免了泄漏，拆卸时直接将套管18破坏取出，减少了对上下出气管的破坏。
如图4所示，第一出气口2一路用于专门脱脂，第二出气口3用于内抽真空和分压烧结，这样从源头解决粘结剂对后续管路的影响。只要在炉体下方的管道控制好管道温度。如图4所示，在炉下内抽管路上设有冷却水夹套16，另在炉体下方对准内抽管路与脱脂管路的方向，设有大风量的风扇15，使风流对准内抽管路和脱脂管路，脱脂时，脱脂管路工作，加热丝加熱，确保管道中的粘结剂为液态顺利流入集脂箱，当靠近炉体这段脱脂管路温度超过设定值时，风扇启动，确保这段脱脂管上密封件处于 限定温度值之下，当温度低于设定值时，风扇停止，加热丝工作，使管道温度控制在一定范围内。脱脂管道因为没有高温气体经过，就不会出现管道内积碳现象，在后续工序管道加热清洗过程中凝固在管壁上的粘结剂会融化变液态流入集脂箱，清洗后管道也会相对干净，降低了管道堵塞率。脱脂结束，切换内抽管路，脱脂管路上的阀门关闭，从炉内出来的气流已经相对干净，没有粘结剂蒸气，粘结剂蒸气在脱脂时已经经脱除干净，气流从内抽管走，内抽管路不会堵塞，不管是内抽真空，还是分压烧结，管道都保持通畅状态，管道上的部件也因为管道保持干净而降低损坏率。靠近炉体这段内抽管道法兰处设有冷却水夹套16，冷却水的冷却效果比风吹要快很多，再加上还设有风扇15，靠近炉体这段内抽管道上的温度远远低于报警值，之前限制流量问题也能得到解决。采用脱脂和烧结分离管道的方法，从源头解决了管道堵塞的问题，使炉内气氛控制比较稳定，管道内残留的粘结剂也不会跑到炉内影响烧结。
靠近出气口的内抽管设有冷却水夹套16，以传导温度到密封法兰4，使密封件正常工作，除了水冷却夹套16的冷却方式，还可以在管道上设置通有冷却水的盘管，也可以在管路上设置散热翅片，也可以冷却夹套和翅片同时设置，或者冷却盘管和翅片同时设置。加上大风量的风扇的风冷效果，以满足炉内更大气流量的处理气氛需求。具有弹性的碳碳挡板不仅起到阻挡粘结剂蒸气从缝隙泄漏的作用，还起到由于安装精度和膨胀时错位而挺住上出气管不跑出的作用。第二出气口3的第二上出气管301球面结构与料箱底板1通过上锥面孔配合连接，起到线密封作用，第二上出气管301下部的球面凸起结构，插入第二下出气管302的滑槽内，这种结构设计可以避免安装精度误差而导致装不进去的问题。料箱底板1上第一出气口2与炉体法兰4对准安装后，第二出气口3由于加工精度和法兰焊接变形等原因，安装时第二出气口3和炉体法兰4同心度不高，第二上出气管301采用球面设计，相当于万向结构，第二上出气管301可以随意方向摆动。此结构也可以避免在高温膨胀时错位断裂问题，由于炉体法兰4处有冷却水夹套16，为低温部件，就算炉内温度很高，此法兰膨胀量可以忽略不计，但是料箱底板1温度会达到1300度甚至更高，由于第一出气口2是固定连接，料箱底板1会以第一出气口2为固定点，向四周膨胀， 这样料箱底板1与第二出气口3位置会变动，会与炉体法兰4口产生错位，第二上出气管301球面结构，第二上出气管301可以斜插入第二下出气管302的滑槽，因为球面任何角度都一样，以球为中心可以任意角度随着料箱底板1的膨胀收缩而摆动。
如图7、图8、图9和图10所示，于另一实施例中，出气口结构还可以第一出气口2和第二出气口3都采用球面设计，也可以第一出气口2和第二出气口3都采用固定方式，连接脱脂管路的出气口上出气管与料箱底板1之间的间隙尽量小，因为粘结剂蒸气脱脂时进入脱脂管路，减少跑出量，脱脂结束以后的产品中的粘结剂已经基本脱除，这个时候就算料箱内与料箱外气体相互泄漏都没有关系，不会有粘结剂蒸气污染的问题，所以内抽管路的出气口上出气管与料箱底板之间的间隙可以增大，以解决膨胀和安装错位问题，出气口有碳碳挡板遮住缝隙，减少料箱内外相互泄漏造成气氛影响。本发明的两个出气口分布不仅可以设置与气流方向垂直，也可以设置与气流方向平行。
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：包括设置于料箱底板上的第一出气口和第二出气口，所述第一出气口通过炉体法兰连接有脱脂管路，所述第二出气口通过炉体法兰连接有内抽管路，所述内抽管路末端分别连接有内抽真空管路和分压烧结管路，所述内抽真空管路连接有罗茨泵，所述罗茨泵通过管路连接有真空泵；所述脱脂管路依次连接有集脂箱和捕集器，所述捕集器与所述分压烧结管路末端连通后通过一管路与所述罗茨泵和真空泵之间的管路连接；所述内抽管路和脱脂管路上均设置有控制阀和压力传感器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述第一出气口和第二出气口位置处设置有风扇，所述风扇外设置有风扇罩；所述风扇的出风口位于所述脱脂管路和内抽管路方向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述内抽管路上套设有冷却水夹套。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述料箱底板的内侧设置有弹性的碳碳挡板，所述碳碳挡板上开设有与所述第一出气口和第二出气口分别对应连通的开口。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述第一出气口包括与所述料箱底板间隙配合连接的第一上出气管，所述第一上出气管底部固定套设于第一下出气管内，所述第一上出气管和第一下出气管内穿设有套管；所述第二出气口包括与所述料箱底板连接的第二上出气管，所述第二上出气管的底部活动套设于第二下出气管内，所述第一下出气管和第二下出气管穿过隔热筒，所述隔热筒下方设置有炉体法兰，所述炉体法兰穿过冷却水夹套。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述炉体法兰上开设有两个出气孔，且所述炉体法兰底部开设有内凹的凹槽结构，所述凹槽结构位于所述冷却水夹套与所述第一下出气管和第二下出气管之间。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述第二上出气管顶端设置有球面结构的外沿，所述外沿与所述料箱底板锥面或柱面配合连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征在于：所述第二上出气管的底端外壁上设置有球面结构的凸起，所述凸起与所述第二下出气管通过滑槽配合连接。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的带双内抽下管道的真空脱脂烧结炉，其特征于：所述第一出气口和第二出气口布置在料箱底板中间、料箱底板两端或分别布置在料箱底板各端；所述第一出气口和第二出气口中心连线方向与气流方向垂直或平行。
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