WO2021185308A1 - 一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法和系统 - Google Patents
一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- the present invention relates to the technical field of power battery management, in particular to a method and system for online determination of the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack.
- Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as energy storage devices in electric vehicles due to their advantages in energy density and cycle life.
- lithium-ion batteries will inevitably suffer performance degradation during their use due to the constantly occurring side reactions, which is also known as aging.
- a 100% increase in internal resistance of a power battery or a 20% decrease in capacity will be regarded as reaching its end of life (EOL), which is no longer suitable for automotive applications.
- EOL end of life
- the accurate measurement of capacity is also crucial for the SOC estimation and fault diagnosis of the battery pack and the remaining driving range prediction of electric vehicles.
- SOH state of health
- the existing definitions of the health status of lithium-ion batteries mainly include the capacity definition method and the internal resistance definition method, and the calculation formulas are shown in equations (1) and (2).
- C 0 is the initial nominal capacity
- C i is the i-th charging capacity
- R new is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery when it leaves the factory
- R EOL is the ohmic internal resistance at the end of battery life (EoL)
- R i is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery measured at the i-th time.
- the method of using internal resistance to characterize the SOH of a battery pack requires the pulse method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
- the overall internal resistance of the battery pack has a small change with aging, which is not suitable for use.
- measuring internal resistance requires specific experimental equipment, which makes it difficult to realize online estimation.
- the empirical battery model used lacks physical meaning when the model fits under different working conditions, and the accuracy of the model is limited, so the SOH estimation accuracy is significantly reduced.
- data-driven methods such as Gaussian process regression and support vector machines have received more and more attention because they do not need to understand the detailed process of electrochemical reactions during battery operation. In these methods, a large amount of test data is needed to train the battery SOH model, which can directly describe the nonlinear relationship between SOH and its influencing factors.
- the invention patent with application number 201810504744.5 discloses a method and device for analyzing battery health.
- the method includes: obtaining the relationship curve between the sample battery's SOC and the sample battery's OCV under different SOHs; when the SOH is the set value, the relationship curve between the sample battery's SOC and the OCV is used as the reference curve; under different SOH, The relationship curve between the SOC and OCV of the sample battery is different from the reference curve, and the relationship curve between the SOC of the sample battery and the open circuit voltage change ⁇ OCV is obtained; according to the relationship curve between the SOC and ⁇ OCV of the sample battery under different SOH, the SOC and ⁇ OCV are obtained by analysis The slope k between two points in the relationship curve of the relationship curve; according to the change of the slope k under different SOH, the corresponding relationship between SOH and the slope k is obtained; based on the corresponding relationship between the sample battery SOH and the
- the invention patent with application number 201610913062.0 discloses a method and system for online estimation of battery health status.
- the method calculates the ratio of capacity change to voltage change during battery charging and discharging, and uses its maximum as a reference point, where the reference point is adjacent
- the domain selects a voltage interval V1+ and V1-, filters the content change value of the interval, and calculates the capacity CT in the interval.
- the actual capacity CA of the battery in the current state is measured, and CT and CA are fitted by linear regression Correspondence between, and then through the CT value to predict the CA value.
- This method can realize the online estimation of the battery health status, but because the relationship between CT and CA of different types of batteries may be non-linear, the estimation result of this method will cause large errors.
- the invention patent with application number 201810205365.6 discloses a method of health state estimation based on particle swarm optimization RBF neural network. First, by collecting the voltage, current and time data during the battery cycle, draw the capacity increment curve, and obtain the capacity increment peak value and peak position data after filtering, which is used as the input data, and the actual battery health status is used as the output. Establish the RBF neural network model, and apply the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the neural network model parameters. This method can better establish the non-linear relationship between the peak capacity increase and the battery health status.
- the charging process is often incomplete, and the accuracy of the voltage and current data is often low. Draw a complete capacity increment curve, therefore, there are difficulties in practical applications.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an online method and system for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack, which solves the problems of inaccurate estimation and application difficulties in the process of determining the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack in the prior art.
- the present invention provides the following solutions:
- An online method for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack including:
- the application data includes: the accumulated mileage value of the electric vehicle, the initial charging SOC value, the average charging current, the average driving temperature, the average charging temperature, and the classification factor; the classification factor is based on the electric vehicle Classification of vehicles with different decay rates;
- the state of health of the power battery pack of the electric vehicle is determined according to the second peak value.
- the method before obtaining the online estimation model of the state of health of the power battery pack that takes application data as input and the second peak of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle as output, the method further includes:
- the data training is used to train the online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack.
- the determining, according to the collected application data, the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery corresponding to the collected application data specifically includes:
- the capacity increment curve according to the fitted capacity-voltage curve, and determine the second peak value of the capacity increment curve; the second peak value of the capacity increment curve is corresponding to the collected application data The second peak of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery.
- the method further includes:
- Preprocessing the collected application data includes: mean value processing and absolute value processing.
- An online system for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack including:
- the application data acquisition module is used to acquire the application data of the electric vehicle;
- the application data includes: the accumulated driving range value of the electric vehicle, the charging start SOC value, the average charging current, the average driving temperature, the average charging temperature and the classification factor;
- the classification factors are classified according to the different rate of decline of electric vehicles;
- the online estimation model acquisition module is used to acquire the online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack that takes application data as input and the second peak of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle as output;
- the first peak value determination module is configured to determine the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle by using the online estimation model of the state of health of the power battery pack according to the application data;
- the health status determining module is used to determine the health status of the power battery pack of the electric vehicle according to the second peak value.
- the system further includes:
- the first application data collection module is used to collect application data of electric vehicles
- the second peak value determination module is configured to determine the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle corresponding to the collected application data according to the collected application data;
- the data training pair building module is used to use the collected application data and the second peak corresponding to the application data as the data training pair;
- the model training module is used to train the online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack by using the data training.
- the second peak value determination module specifically includes:
- the capacity-voltage curve determination unit is used to obtain the capacity-voltage curve of the electric vehicle by using the incremental capacity analysis method according to the collected application data;
- a terminal voltage and charging capacity determining unit configured to determine the terminal voltage and charging capacity of the electric vehicle according to the capacity-voltage curve
- a capacity-voltage curve fitting unit adapted to use the SVR algorithm, take the terminal voltage as an input, and use the charging capacity as an output to fit the capacity-voltage curve to obtain a fitted capacity-voltage curve;
- the peak value determination unit is configured to obtain a capacity increase curve according to the fitted capacity-voltage curve, and determine the second peak value of the capacity increase curve; the second peak value of the capacity increase curve is the same as the collection
- the application data corresponds to the second peak of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery.
- the system further includes:
- the second application data collection module is used to collect the application data of the electric vehicle
- the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the collected application data; the preprocessing includes: mean value processing and absolute value processing.
- the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
- the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery can be determined according to the application data by using the online estimation model of the power battery health status , And then according to the second peak value, the health status of the power battery pack of the electric vehicle can be accurately obtained.
- the method and system for online determination of the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack provided by the present invention only needs to obtain the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack according to the obtained application data, which can simplify the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack.
- the determination process solves the problem that the method for determining the health status of the power battery pack of the electric vehicle in the prior art is difficult to apply.
- Fig. 1 is an overall flow chart of the solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an online method for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a fitted capacity-voltage curve diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the variation curve of IC peak value with accumulated mileage of all research vehicles in the embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is an IC peak diagram after fitting in the embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a radial basis function neural network model in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an online determination system for the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an online method and system for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack, which solves the problems of inaccurate estimation and application difficulties in the process of determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack in the prior art.
- SOH State Of Health
- Incremental Capacity Analysis A method that uses the ratio of the capacity difference and the voltage difference to extract relevant features from the battery voltage curve. Among them, the capacity increment (Incremental Capacity, IC)
- RBFNN Radial Basis Function Neural Network
- Battery Management System (Battery Management System, BMS): generally includes functions such as battery state estimation, thermal management, and equalization.
- SOC State Of Charge
- Open Circuit Voltage The potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery in an electrochemical equilibrium state.
- Constant Current and Constant Voltage Constant Current Constant Voltage: first constant current charging to the charging cut-off voltage specified by the battery manufacturer, and then conversion to a charging mode of constant voltage charging.
- Charge/discharge rate indicates the ratio of charging current to rated capacity. For example, 1/3C current represents the amount of current required to charge the battery to full capacity in three hours.
- Support Vector Regression A machine learning method that can fit nonlinear relationships with high precision.
- DOD Depth Of Discharge
- FIG. 1 The overall design idea of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, specifically: First, the actual vehicle driving and charging data collected on the big data platform is used as the original data, divided into charging and driving segments, and effective charging segments are extracted.
- the interpolation method fills in the missing frames, uses SVR support vector regression to fit its capacity-voltage curve, and draws the capacity increase curve, uses Gaussian window filtering to smooth the capacity increase curve, and finds its second peak value, using SVR (Or least square regression, ridge regression, etc.) Fill and regress the peak capacity increments under different mileages to obtain the complete relationship between the peak capacity increments and the mileage, and use the processed peak capacity increments as a healthy state Estimate the output parameters of the model.
- SVR Order least square regression, ridge regression, etc.
- a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to establish an online estimation model of the power battery pack health status based on big data.
- the data of 14 pure electric vehicles are trained, and the data of other 4 vehicles are used for verification.
- the results show that the average error is 4%, and the model has good health estimation ability.
- Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an online method for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, an online method for determining the health status of an electric vehicle power battery pack includes:
- the application data includes: the accumulated mileage value of the electric vehicle, the initial charging SOC value, the average charging current, the average driving temperature, the average charging temperature, and the classification factor; the classification factor is the basis Electric vehicles are divided into different categories according to the vehicle degradation rate; among them, the cumulative mileage of the vehicle can reflect the ampere-hour throughput of its battery system in actual operation, which has a vital impact on the degradation of the battery.
- the initial charge SOC is a direct response to the DOD in the previous stroke.
- the data training is used to train the online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack.
- the process of determining the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery corresponding to the collected application data specifically includes:
- the capacity-voltage curve of the electric vehicle is obtained by the incremental capacity analysis method, which is specifically:
- the charging capacity is calculated by the following formula:
- Q is the charging capacity
- I(t) is the charging current at time t
- T is the sampling period
- Q k represents the charging capacity of the battery at the k-th time
- V k represents the battery voltage at the k-th time
- Q k-1 represents the charging capacity of the battery at the k-1 time
- V k-1 represents the battery at the k-th time. -1 voltage at time.
- SVR support vector regression
- Gaussian process regression, decision tree regression and other machine learning regression models is used to preprocess the data set (the original data represented by the black solid line in Figure 3), namely
- the SVR algorithm is used to fit the capacity-voltage curve with the terminal voltage as the input and the charging capacity as the output to obtain the fitted capacity-voltage curve.
- the fitting process is specifically:
- the SVR algorithm transforms the equation into the following optimization problem:
- the vector ⁇ represents the model parameter with C>0 as the regularization parameter
- ⁇ i represents the slack variable of the lower limit
- y i represents the target output
- x i represents the feature vector
- ⁇ i and Both are Lagrangian operators
- k(x i ,x c ) represents the kernel function.
- the present invention applies Gaussian Radial Basis Kernel Function (RBF), and its expression is:
- k( ⁇ ) represents the selected kernel
- x i represents the sampling point
- x c represents the center point
- ⁇ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function, which represents the width of the RBF kernel.
- C r is the rated battery capacity
- C k is the charged power under the voltage of V k
- k represents the time step
- s 0 is the initial SOC value of the charging operation
- I k is the charging current
- ⁇ T is the sampling interval.
- the capacity-voltage curve diagram is obtained according to formula (11), as shown in FIG. 4.
- the SVR algorithm is used to fit the capacity increment curve to eliminate the impact of raw data fluctuations.
- the input is the terminal voltage V k
- the output is the charging capacity C k .
- GW Gaussian window
- the second peak of the IC curve usually decreases as the accumulated mileage increases, so it can be used to characterize the battery SOH. That is, the second peak value of the IC curve is used to determine the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack, and then the second peak value can be determined after the capacity increase curve is obtained.
- Figure 5 depicts the peak evolution of different vehicles. It can be seen that all peak evolutions have similar patterns, but the slopes of the curves are different.
- the researched vehicles can be divided into two groups. Therefore, a classification factor is introduced to distinguish the categories of vehicles (in the present invention, the specified decay rate is used as a limit to divide electric vehicles into two categories according to the current decay rate of electric vehicles) to improve the prediction accuracy.
- the collected application data needs to be preprocessed.
- the preprocessing specifically includes: mean value processing and absolute value processing.
- RBFNN radial basis function neural network
- the RBFNN model differs mainly in the number of hidden layers and the activation function of the input node. Since the activation function of the RBFNN model can map the input variables to high dimensions and transform the nonlinear relationship into a linear relationship, the RBFNN model only needs one hidden layer. Therefore, the training of the RBFNN model is also more effective than the general ANN, which can prevent the model training from falling into a local minimum.
- ANN artificial neural network
- the present invention uses the RBFNN model to establish an online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack, and uses a gradient descent algorithm (or particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, etc.) for model training and verification.
- the online estimation model of the health status of the power battery pack developed can be embedded in the actual battery management system (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) for online calculation.
- the basic structure of the RBFNN neural network model is:
- Y represents the output parameter
- k represents the number of hidden layer nodes
- w j is the weight between the j th hidden layer node and the output node
- w 0 is the bias term from the hidden layer node to the output node.
- the structure of the established model is shown in Figure 7. It consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer.
- the input layer contains six characteristic parameters, which are the cumulative mileage of the vehicle, the initial charging SOC, the average charging temperature, the average charging current, the average discharge temperature, and the classification factor.
- the second peak of the IC curve is the only model output in the output layer. .
- BP Back Propagation
- the present invention selects a gradient descent (Gradient Descent) method to solve the fitting problem, and sets the learning rate to 0.001. Therefore, the parameters in the above formula can be updated by the following formula:
- x cj (i) x cj (i-1)+ ⁇ x cj + ⁇ (x cj (i-1)-x cj (i-2))
- x cj (i) x cj (i-1)+ ⁇ x cj + ⁇ (x cj (i-1)-x cj (i-2))
- x cj (i) x cj (i-1)+ ⁇ x cj + ⁇ (x cj (i-1)-x cj (i-2))
- wj is the weight of the j th hidden node th weight
- ⁇ j is the standard of the j th hidden neurons difference
- x cj is the central value of the j th hidden node
- i is the representative number of iterations
- ⁇ [0,1 ] Is the learning rate
- ⁇ [0,1] is the momentum factor.
- the present invention also provides an online determination system of the health status of the power battery pack of electric vehicles.
- the system includes: an application data acquisition module 1, The online estimation model acquisition module 2, the first peak value determination module 3, and the health status determination module 4.
- the application data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire application data of electric vehicles; the application data includes: the accumulated driving range value of the electric vehicle, the initial charging SOC value, the average charging current, the average driving temperature, the average charging temperature, and the classification factor; The classification factors are classified according to the different rate of decline of electric vehicles;
- the online estimation model acquisition module 2 is used to acquire an online estimation model of the health state of the power battery pack that takes application data as input and the second peak of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle as output;
- the first peak value determining module 3 is configured to determine the second peak value of the capacity increase curve of the power battery of the electric vehicle by using the online estimation model of the state of health of the power battery pack according to the application data;
- the health status determining module 4 is used to determine the health status of the electric vehicle power battery pack according to the second peak value.
- the above system further includes: a first application data acquisition module, a second peak determination module, a data training pair construction module, and a model training module.
- the first application data collection module is used to collect application data of electric vehicles; the second peak value determination module is used to determine the first capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery corresponding to the collected application data according to the collected application data.
- Two peaks; the data training pair building module is used to use the collected application data and the second peak corresponding to the application data as a data training pair; the model training module is used to use the data training pair to evaluate the health status of the power battery pack Online estimation model for training.
- the above-mentioned second peak value determination module specifically includes: a capacity-voltage curve determination unit, a terminal voltage and charging capacity determination unit, a capacity-voltage curve fitting unit, and a peak value determination unit.
- the capacity-voltage curve determination unit is used to obtain the capacity-voltage curve of the electric vehicle by using an incremental capacity analysis method according to the collected application data; the terminal voltage and charging capacity determination unit is used to determine the electric vehicle according to the capacity-voltage curve
- the capacity-voltage curve fitting unit is used to use the SVR algorithm to fit the terminal voltage as input and the charging capacity as the output to fit the capacity-voltage curve to obtain the fitted capacity -Voltage curve;
- the peak value determination unit is used to obtain the capacity increase curve according to the fitted capacity-voltage curve, and determine the second peak value of the capacity increase curve;
- the second peak value of the capacity increase curve is It is the second peak of the capacity increase curve of the electric vehicle power battery corresponding to the collected application data.
- system provided by the present invention may also include: a second application data acquisition module and a preprocessing module.
- the second application data collection module is used for collecting the application data of the electric vehicle;
- the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the collected application data;
- the preprocessing includes: mean value processing and absolute value processing.
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- 一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法,其特征在于,包括:获取电动汽车的应用数据;所述应用数据包括:电动汽车的累计行驶里程值、充电起始SOC值、平均充电电流、平均行驶温度、平均充电温度以及分类因子;所述分类因子为依据电动汽车车辆衰退速率不同而划分的类别;获取以应用数据为输入,以电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值为输出的动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型;根据所述应用数据,利用所述动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型确定所述电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值;根据所述第二峰值确定所述电动汽车动力电池组的健康状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法,其特征在于,所述获取以应用数据为输入,以电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值为输出的动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型之前还包括:采集电动汽车的应用数据;根据采集的应用数据,确定与采集的应用数据相对应的电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值;将采集的应用数据以及与该应用数据相对应的第二峰值作为数据训练对;采用所述数据训练对对所述动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型进行训练。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法,其特征在于,所述根据采集的应用数据,确定与采集的应用数据相对应的电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值具体包括:根据采集的应用数据,采用增量容量分析法得到电动汽车的容量-电压曲线;根据所述容量-电压曲线确定所述电动汽车的端电压和充电容量;采用SVR算法,以所述端电压为输入,以所述充电容量为输出对容量-电压曲线进行拟合,得到拟合后的容量-电压曲线;根据所述拟合后的容量-电压曲线得到容量增量曲线,并确定所述容量增量曲线的第二峰值;所述容量增量曲线的第二峰值即为与采集的应用数据相对应的电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定方法,其特征在于,所述获取电动汽车的应用数据之前还包括:采集所述电动汽车的应用数据;对所采集的应用数据进行预处理;所述预处理包括:均值处理和绝对值处理。
- 一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定系统,其特征在于,包括:应用数据获取模块,用于获取电动汽车的应用数据;所述应用数据包括:电动汽车的累计行驶里程值、充电起始SOC值、平均充电电流、平均行驶温度、平均充电温度以及分类因子;所述分类因子为依据电动汽车车辆衰退速率不同而划分的类别;在线估计模型获取模块,用于获取以应用数据为输入,以电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值为输出的动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型;第一峰值确定模块,用于根据所述应用数据,利用所述动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型确定所述电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值;健康状态确定模块,用于根据所述第二峰值确定所述电动汽车动力电池组的健康状态。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:第一应用数据采集模块,用于采集电动汽车的应用数据;第二峰值确定模块,用于根据采集的应用数据,确定与采集的应用数据相对应的电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值;数据训练对构建模块,用于将采集的应用数据以及与该应用数据相对应的第二峰值作为数据训练对;模型训练模块,用于采用所述数据训练对对所述动力电池组健康状态在线估计模型进行训练。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定系统,其特征在于,所述第二峰值确定模块具体包括:容量-电压曲线确定单元,用于根据采集的应用数据,采用增量容量分析法得到电动汽车的容量-电压曲线;端电压和充电容量确定单元,用于根据所述容量-电压曲线确定所述 电动汽车的端电压和充电容量;容量-电压曲线拟合单元,用于采用SVR算法,以所述端电压为输入,以所述充电容量为输出对容量-电压曲线进行拟合,得到拟合后的容量-电压曲线;峰值确定单元,用于根据所述拟合后的容量-电压曲线得到容量增量曲线,并确定所述容量增量曲线的第二峰值;所述容量增量曲线的第二峰值即为与采集的应用数据相对应的电动汽车动力电池的容量增量曲线的第二峰值。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种电动汽车动力电池组健康状态在线确定系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:第二应用数据采集模块,用于采集所述电动汽车的应用数据;预处理模块,用于对所采集的应用数据进行预处理;所述预处理包括:均值处理和绝对值处理。
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