WO2021180689A1 - Method and system for long-term management of bauxite mining tailings - Google Patents
Method and system for long-term management of bauxite mining tailings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021180689A1 WO2021180689A1 PCT/EP2021/055867 EP2021055867W WO2021180689A1 WO 2021180689 A1 WO2021180689 A1 WO 2021180689A1 EP 2021055867 W EP2021055867 W EP 2021055867W WO 2021180689 A1 WO2021180689 A1 WO 2021180689A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tailings
- bauxite
- fraction
- ranging
- ore
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005456 ore beneficiation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/066—Treatment of the separated residue
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for a long-term management of the tailings generated during the bauxite mining process.
- tailings can be replaced in a permanent manner in the same location where it was mined out as a part of the ore.
- Bauxite ores contain alumina and are commonly deposits mined out off the ground. Such ores are often found under a shallow (normally less than 15 meters) layer of soil (called overburden).
- the mining method considered to be the most suitable for this type of bauxite deposits is the strip-mining method.
- This mining method comprises cyclical operations carried out in sequence: vegetal suppression, overburden removal, ore removal and transportation, ore beneficiation, land rehabilitation. Since it allows rehabilitation to occur soon after the ore has been mined, the strip-mining method will commonly have a low environmental and visual impact.
- Figure 1 illustrates the main operations of a commonly known bauxite mining method.
- the ore is enriched with regard to alumina in a processing plant, tailings with high contents of liquid are generated and commonly stored in dams or reservoirs.
- dams or reservoirs may increase in dimensions year by year due to difficulties in finding sustainable deposit solutions.
- the present invention relates in particular to improving the above mentioned state of the art of mine tailings management, by implementing a novel method and system for backfilling of the tailings, and by this method and system essentially returning the tailings back to the same location where they were originally mined in a sustainable and permanent manner.
- the present invention is in particular suitable for operation in accordance with the specific ore of the Applicant’s Paragominas mine in Para of Brazil but may also be applicable for other ores.
- the present invention relates to depositing tailings that are a byproduct of bauxite ore beneficiation, involving grinding and grain size classification. These are mechanical processes and not chemical processes and, as a consequence, the byproduct is bauxite inert tailings.
- the mechanical remediation of bauxite ore can take place in close proximity to the mine, before transport of the beneficiated product to an alumina refinery.
- the distance between the mine and the refinery may sometimes be hundred kilometers or more.
- Red mud is a byproduct of the refinery.
- Bauxite inert tailings vs ‘red mud’
- Bauxite (inert) tailings describes the byproduct generated in the bauxite ore mining and beneficiation processes through the continuous stages of comminution associated with the process of desliming. In short, bauxite tailings are the byproduct of a mining process.
- the object of the present invention is a more efficient and environmentally friendly method for the long-term management of the tailings generated during the mining of a bauxite ore and a corresponding system for carrying out the method.
- the environmental impact of the mining activity is significantly reduced.
- a method for the long-term management of a mine where mining a bauxite ore in a continuous steady-state manner comprising steps related to the mining part which includes vegetal suppression, overburden removal, bauxite ore removal from a mine pit and transporting the ore to a processing facility;
- Fig. 1 illustrates the main operations of the state-of-the-art strip-mining process
- Fig. 2 shows a photo of RP1 tailings dam
- Fig. 3 shows tailings desiccation process
- Fig. 4 shows the final configuration of the Paragominas Tailings Master Plan prior to the Tailings Dry Backfill Project
- Fig. 5 shows the proposed approach taken at the mine pits.
- a mining method comprises cyclical operations, carried out in sequence: vegetal suppression, overburden removal, ore removal and transportation, beneficiation, land rehabilitation.
- the crushed run-of-mine (ROM) of Paragominas which feeds the beneficiation plant, will typically present a moisture content between 9 % and 12 % and the following particle size and chemical characteristics:
- Paragominas' bauxite beneficiation circuit includes three main classification steps to separate the coarser fraction, with the highest gibbsite content, from the finer fraction, where most of the kaolinite is present.
- the first step is carried out on sieves, where the thicker fraction becomes product after grinding.
- the passing fraction feeds a pair of in series cyclone batteries.
- the underflow of the cyclones feeds a ball mill and becomes product, while the fines are pumped to the third classification stage, with 2 cyclones.
- the coarser fraction of this last stage also becomes product, while the overflow is the tailings.
- Paragominas’ tailings will typically present the following particle size and chemical characteristics:
- the ore beneficiation basically consists of particle size classification and does not include any chemical process, one can note that, apart from being finer, tailings do not differ much chemically from the ROM. As a result, Paragominas tailings are classified as chemically inert. Also, after desiccation occurs at the dams, tailings can reach a moisture content between 18 % and 40 %. Prior to the Tailings Dry Backfill Project, the Paragominas Tailings Master Plan established the final and permanent disposal of tailings in dams.
- Figure 2 shows a photo of the Paragominas RP1 , the tailings storage dam currently in operation.
- RP1 dam was designed so that the geometry of the quadrants, the positioning of their decant systems and the spacing between spigots allow for the adequate drying of the tailings.
- RP1 total area is approximately 300 ha and it contains 142 spigots spaced between 75 to 100 meters from one another.
- RP1 dam decant system is composed of 4 spillways, which have the purpose of driving out rainfall water and water released from the tailings thus helping in the drying of the tailings.
- the spillways are connected to transfer channels, which in turn will flows to water clarification basins.
- RP1 dam was designed based on the following geotechnical characteristics of the tailings:
- the disposal method used in RP1 consists of the disposal of thickened tailings, with average solids content of 35 %, in layers of approximately 50 cm that are later exposed to solar drying, allowing tailings to reach 60 % solids contents. Disposal alternates between the four quadrants to allow enough sun exposure time for the tailings to desiccate.
- Figure 3 shows tailings desiccation process.
- FIG. 4 shows the final configuration of the Paragominas Tailings Master Plan prior to the Tailings Dry Backfill Project.
- the Tailings Master Plan was divided in 11 construction stages - of which the construction of RP1 dam starter dyke was the first and, therefore, concluded.
- the remaining 10 construction stages would be built in a span of 20 years and provide approximately 126 Mm 3 for tailings disposal in an area of 854 ha.
- Dykes would be raised to reach heights of up to 14 m.
- Estimated capital cost to build the remaining 10 stages was USD 800 million.
- the main concept proposed for the tailings dry backfill project at Paragominas is to use the current tailings storage facility RP1 for the drying of tailings - achieving at least 60 % solids - and from there mechanically remove and transport the tailings for final disposal at the mine pits.
- RP1 dam is a perfect fit for such a task.
- the internal separation of the dam in four big quadrants will allow tailings removal and disposal to happen simultaneously thus not having great impact on normal operations
- the minimum solids content of 60 % was defined to increase productivity in the mechanical removal of tailings from the dams and also in the disposal at the mine pits. Furthermore, this solids content optimizes volume usage on the pits.
- Tailings removal happens by using mine operation equipment such as wheel loaders, excavators and trucks. Upon being removed from the dams, tailings are transported for disposal into existing pits in a manner similar to what is currently done for overburden disposal. This approach eliminates altogether the need for building new dams or further raising existing dams.
- Figure 5 shows the proposed approach taken at the mine pits.
- the present method allows the backfilling of tailings with moisture as low as 15%.
- the low moisture makes it possible to return the mined area to its original topography - high moistures will not allow such method and will therefore result in changes in the topography of the recovered land when compared to the original situation.
- the overburden layer can be considerably larger than the original bauxite layer, this would pose a problem for the backfilling of tailings i.e. the overburden occupies almost all of the available volume.
- the solution as proposed by the applicant addresses this problem by desiccating the tailings to extremely high solids contents (or extremely low moisture). While a minimum solids content of 60 % was established in one mine of the Applicant, the solution has been able to provide solids content of over 80 %.
- Tailings at 80 % solids will occupy approximately 4 times less space than tailings at 35 % solids (the original solids content at disposal). This volumetric reduction of tailings - caused by its desiccation - will allow tailings to be backfilled into the mine pits occupying very little space.
- the backfilling can occur and return the land to its original topography.
- the return of the land to its original topography makes for a more sustainable method of mining since it facilitates the environmental rehabilitation and diminishes the aesthetic impact of the mine.
- the present method allows the backfilling of large quantities of tailings. This is related to the low moisture of tailings due to drying tailings by solar energy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180019244.2A CN115244267A (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-09 | Method and system for long-term management of bauxite mining tailings |
AU2021236265A AU2021236265A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-09 | Method and system for long-term management of bauxite mining tailings |
BR112022017056A BR112022017056A2 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-09 | METHOD FOR LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF A MINE, AND SYSTEM FOR LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF TAILINGS GENERATED DURING THE BAUXITE MINING PROCESS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20200292A NO20200292A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Method and System for Long-Term Management of Bauxite Mining Tailings |
NO20200292 | 2020-03-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2021180689A1 true WO2021180689A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
Family
ID=74867555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/055867 WO2021180689A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-09 | Method and system for long-term management of bauxite mining tailings |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115244267A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2021236265A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112022017056A2 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20200292A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021180689A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114263460A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-01 | 山东金岭矿业股份有限公司 | Method for stoping mountainside type tailing pond |
Citations (3)
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CN101181699A (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2008-05-21 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ore washing method for bauxite |
CN109107752A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-01 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of dry processing method of bauxite gangue |
CN109107753A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-01 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of method of bauxite washup tailing sludge dehydration |
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2020
- 2020-03-11 NO NO20200292A patent/NO20200292A1/en unknown
-
2021
- 2021-03-09 AU AU2021236265A patent/AU2021236265A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-09 BR BR112022017056A patent/BR112022017056A2/en unknown
- 2021-03-09 WO PCT/EP2021/055867 patent/WO2021180689A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-03-09 CN CN202180019244.2A patent/CN115244267A/en active Pending
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CN101181699A (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2008-05-21 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ore washing method for bauxite |
CN109107752A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-01 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of dry processing method of bauxite gangue |
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Cited By (2)
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CN114263460A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-01 | 山东金岭矿业股份有限公司 | Method for stoping mountainside type tailing pond |
CN114263460B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-11-17 | 山东金岭矿业股份有限公司 | Stoping method for mountain-side tailing pond |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20200292A1 (en) | 2021-09-13 |
BR112022017056A2 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
CN115244267A (en) | 2022-10-25 |
AU2021236265A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 |
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