WO2021179341A1 - 一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置和方法 - Google Patents
一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021179341A1 WO2021179341A1 PCT/CN2020/079830 CN2020079830W WO2021179341A1 WO 2021179341 A1 WO2021179341 A1 WO 2021179341A1 CN 2020079830 W CN2020079830 W CN 2020079830W WO 2021179341 A1 WO2021179341 A1 WO 2021179341A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rotating shaft
- module
- lubricant
- pressure
- jewel bearing
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of lubricant materials, in particular to a device and method for measuring the friction coefficient of lubricants.
- Lubricant materials are important materials used to change the lubrication level of contact surfaces or increase friction in mechanical mechanisms, including powder lubricant materials, liquid lubricant materials, and so on.
- powder lubricant materials can be used in friction clutches and brakes to reduce frictional resistance and realize important functions of ensuring mechanical safety, reliability and normal operation of the machine.
- Common powder lubricant materials include cast iron, steel, bronze or asbestos-resin powder.
- lubricant materials need to be tested for their friction and lubrication characteristics in a working environment before use. Typical working environments include normal temperature and pressure, high temperature and high pressure, or vacuum environments.
- the rolling friction method is generally used to measure the friction coefficient of lubricants and powder materials.
- This method uses a hollow sandwich double-layer roller device. When measuring the lubricant friction coefficient, first fill the measured lubricant material in the sandwich layer, and then rotate the inner roller. By measuring its constant rotation torque and the pressure on the inner wall of the roller, Finally, the friction torque of the tested lubricant material is obtained, and the friction coefficient of the lubricant material is calculated from this.
- one aspect of the present invention provides a device for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant, which includes:
- a rotating module, the rotating module includes:
- a rotating shaft, the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft are circular arc tips;
- the concave surface of the lower gemstone bearing is in contact with the arc tip of the lower end of the rotating shaft, and the concave surface of the lower gemstone bearing is used to store the lubricant to be tested;
- a pressure sensor installed under the lower jewel bearing and used to measure the pressure under the lower jewel bearing
- a metal module the metal module is fixedly installed in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the moment of inertia of the metal module is known;
- the magnet module is fixedly installed at a position of the rotating shaft near the top end of the rotating shaft, and located below the arc tip of the upper end of the rotating shaft;
- a permanent magnet is installed above the rotating module, and the permanent magnet cooperates with the magnet module to generate a magnetic attraction force to offset part of the gravity effect on the rotating part of the device;
- the three-dimensional mobile platform is located at the bottom end of the device, can achieve precise movement in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, used to adjust the rotation axis and the upper jewel bearing and the The pressure between the lower jewel bearings, and the adjustment of the positions of the upper jewel bearing, the lower jewel bearing and the rotation axis, so that the center of the upper jewel bearing, the lower jewel bearing and the rotation axis are on the same vertical straight line;
- the spin-up module including a pressure gas cylinder, an electromagnetic shut-off valve, and a soft air pipe, is used to blow the metal module with an airflow, thereby pushing the rotating module to spin;
- the speed measuring module includes a speed sensor for measuring the rotation speed of the rotating module.
- the rotating module further includes a clamping module, which is used to clamp the permanent magnet and adjust the position of the permanent magnet.
- the pressure sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor.
- the rotation module further includes an elastic washer installed under the pressure sensor for supporting the transmission shaft.
- the speed sensor is a laser sensor.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant, including:
- the device and method for measuring the friction coefficient of lubricant provided by the present invention can work in an atmosphere or a vacuum environment. It uses a lubricant with a known friction coefficient as a standard material, and measures the rotation speed and friction of a rotating body on the lubricant. Torque, calculate the relationship between the rotation angular velocity change of the rotating body and the contact surface pressure under the condition of adding lubricant, realize the high-precision measurement of the lubricant friction torque, and then calculate the friction resistance coefficient of the lubricant to be tested.
- the background friction resistance of the device is extremely small, less than 0.01 ⁇ N ⁇ m. Therefore, the device and method provided by the present invention can measure most lubricant materials with a large range of friction resistance coefficients, especially for very high friction resistance. Or a material with a lower coefficient of friction has high sensitivity when measuring the coefficient of friction.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining a ratio coefficient of friction torque and pressure of a lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a device and method for measuring the friction coefficient of lubricants.
- the device and method will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings of specific embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a device for measuring the friction coefficient of lubricant includes a rotating module 100, a spin-up module (not shown in the figure) and a speed measuring module (not shown in the figure).
- the rotating module 100 includes: a clamping module 101, a permanent magnet 102, an upper fixed platform 103, an upper jewel bearing 104, a magnet module 105, a rotating shaft 106, a metal module 107, a lower jewel bearing 108, a pressure sensor 109, elastic Gasket 110, lower fixed platform 111 and three-dimensional mobile platform 112:
- the upper jewel bearing 104 and the lower jewel bearing 108 clamp the rotating shaft 106 to rotate.
- the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft 106 are arc-shaped tips, and the upper gem bearing 104 is fixed at the lower opening of the upper fixed platform 103, and contacts the upper top end of the rotating shaft 106 after installation.
- the upper top end of the rotating shaft 106 is located at the concave surface of the upper jewel bearing 104 and can rotate within the concave surface;
- the bottom end of the shaft 106 is in contact with each other, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 106 is located at the concave surface of the lower jewel bearing 108 and can rotate in the concave surface.
- the concave surface of the lower gem bearing 108 is the supporting concave surface of the rotating shaft 106;
- the clamping module 101 includes a fixed part and a moving part perpendicular to the fixed part, wherein the fixed part is fixedly installed on the top of the upper fixed platform 103, and the moving part has a clamp and can move along the fixed part. The part moves up and down; the clamping module 101 is located above the rotating module;
- the permanent magnet 102 is clamped in the clamp of the clamping module 101;
- the magnet module 105 is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating shaft 106 near the upper end, located below the arc tip of the upper end of the rotating shaft 106.
- the magnet module 105 is cylindrical in shape and is inserted in the upper and lower contact positions. It is connected to the rotating part of the rotating shaft 106, the length of the magnet module 105 is less than 1/2 of the length of the rotating shaft, and the center axis of the magnet module 105 is on the same straight line as the center line of the rotating shaft 106.
- the magnetic attraction force generated by the magnet module 105 and the permanent magnet 102 can greatly reduce the pressure of the rotating module 100 on the concave surface of the rotating shaft 106, thereby reducing the frictional resistance of rotation, and realizing that the magnitude of the drag torque is lower than 0.01 uN ⁇ m low damping rotation effect.
- the vertical position of the permanent magnet can be precisely adjusted by adjusting the moving part of the clamping module 101 up and down to change the magnitude of the magnetic attraction;
- the metal module 107 is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft 106, the center line of the metal module and the center line of the rotating shaft 106 are located on the same straight line, and the metal module 107 and the rotating shaft 106 together form a rotation Department.
- the moment of inertia of the metal module 107 is known.
- the metal module is a thin metal sheet with a uniform density distribution, and is fixed to the rotating shaft 106 by welding;
- the pressure sensor 109 is installed in the upper opening of the lower fixed platform 111 and located under the lower jewel bearing 108, and is used to measure the pressure of the rotating module 100 on the supporting concave surface of the rotating shaft 106.
- the pressure sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor.
- the elastic gasket 110 is installed in the upper opening of the lower fixed platform 111 and is located below the pressure sensor 109 to support the rotating shaft 106 and achieve a slight displacement of the rotating shaft 106 in the vertical direction , Which can prevent excessive pressure from being generated at the contact point of the rotating shaft 106 and the lower jewel bearing 108, thereby damaging the rotating shaft 106 or the lower jewel bearing 108; and
- the three-dimensional mobile platform 112 is installed at the bottom of the lower fixed platform 111.
- the three-dimensional mobile platform 112 can realize precise movement in the three directions of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.
- the lower fixed platform 111 will be driven to move up or down, so that the rotating shaft 106 is generated at the upper jewel bearing 104 and the lower jewel bearing 108.
- the pressure changes; in addition, by moving the three-dimensional mobile platform 112 along the X-axis and/or Y-axis direction, the positions of the upper jewel bearing, the lower jewel bearing and the rotating shaft can be adjusted so that the center of the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing The center and the rotation axis are located on the same vertical straight line;
- the spin-up module is used to push the rotation module 100 to spin-up.
- the spin-up module uses air to push the rotation module 100 to spin.
- the spin-up module includes a pressure gas cylinder, an electromagnetic shut-off valve, and a soft gas pipe.
- One end of the electromagnetic shut-off valve is connected to the gas outlet of the pressure gas cylinder, and the other end of the electromagnetic shut-off valve is connected to the soft gas pipe. Quality tracheal connection.
- the electromagnetic shut-off valve is used to control the airflow of the pressure gas cylinder, so that the pressure gas cylinder generates a continuous or pulsed airflow, and the continuous or pulsed airflow is generated through the soft air pipe. Or the pulsed air flow is sprayed onto the metal module 107 of the rotating module 100, thereby pushing the rotating module 100 to rotate, and reaching the required initial rotation angular velocity; and
- the speed measurement module is used to measure the angular acceleration of the rotating part, and by multiplying the angular acceleration and the moment of inertia of the rotating part, the friction torque of the friction force around the rotating shaft 106 is finally obtained.
- the speed measurement module includes a laser sensor, wherein the detection optical path of the laser sensor is parallel to the rotation axis of the metal module 107.
- the metal module 107 rotates to a position that blocks the optical path of the laser sensor, the output signal of the laser sensor changes, and the time corresponding to the signal change is recorded. From the change of the signal over time, the metal module 107 can be obtained at different times.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method for measuring the friction coefficient of a lubricant includes:
- step 201 the scale factor of the standard material is obtained. Taking a lubricant with a friction coefficient of ⁇ 1 as a standard material, the proportional coefficient k 1 of the friction torque and pressure of the standard material is obtained by the method shown in Fig. 3, where ⁇ 1 is a known number:
- Step 301 Add lubricant. Put the lubricant into the concave surface of the lower jewel bearing.
- the lubricant put in is a lubricant with a friction coefficient of ⁇ 1 , where ⁇ 1 is a known number;
- Step 302 Make the rotating module spin up.
- an electromagnetic shut-off valve is used to control the airflow of the pressure gas cylinder, so that the pressure gas cylinder generates a continuous or pulsed airflow, and the continuous or pulsed airflow is sprayed onto the metal module of the rotating module through a soft air pipe , And then push the rotating shaft to spin up and reach the required initial rotational angular velocity;
- Step 303 Obtain the friction torque.
- the friction torque is the sum of the friction torque on the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft that are in contact with the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing.
- a laser sensor with a detection light path parallel to the axis of rotation is used to measure the position, angular velocity, and angular acceleration information of the rotating part at different times, and the angular acceleration is multiplied by the moment of inertia of the rotating part , Finally obtain the friction torque of the friction force around the rotation axis;
- Step 304 Adjust the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing.
- the magnetic attraction force between the permanent magnet and the magnet module is increased to be slightly smaller than the weight of the rotating part, so as to reduce the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing. Specifically, it is to keep the position of the rotating part and the jewel bearing unchanged.
- the permanent magnet is moved from a sufficiently high place from top to bottom along the axis of rotation to gradually approach the rotating part, so that the permanent magnet and the magnet The magnetic attraction between the modules gradually increases from zero.
- the reading of the pressure sensor gradually decreases, and the decrease in the reading of the pressure sensor is the magnitude of the magnetic attraction force.
- Step 305 Obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing. Read the reading of the pressure sensor, and subtract the weight of the lower jewel bearing from the reading according to the vertical force balance relationship to obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing at this time, and subtract the lower jewel from the reading The total weight of the bearing, the rotating shaft and the metal module, plus the magnetic attraction, can obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing;
- Step 306 Change the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing. By adjusting the position of the three-dimensional mobile platform along the Z axis, the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper and lower jewel bearings is changed; Step 304 and step 305 are repeated to obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper and lower jewel bearings;
- Step 307 Obtain the friction torque. Repeat step 302 and step 303 to obtain the friction torque received by the rotating shaft after the pressure is changed; and
- Step 308 Calculate the proportional coefficient.
- the frictional torque calculated according to the angular acceleration of the rotating shaft is the sum of the frictional torques on the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft that are in contact with the upper and lower jewel bearings:
- F 1 is the friction torque obtained in step 303
- F 2 is the friction torque obtained in step 307
- d is the frictional force between the rotating shaft and the upper and lower jewel bearings to the equivalent arm of the central shaft Length
- ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the lubricant added in step 301
- N 1 is the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing obtained in step 305
- ⁇ 0 is the friction coefficient between the rotating shaft and the upper jewel bearing
- N 2 is the step 306 the rotation pressure shaft lower jewel bearings at
- N 2' is a step 306 the pressure in the jewel at the rotation shaft ;
- step 201 Calculate the values of k and k 0.
- step 202 the proportional coefficient of the lubricant to be tested is obtained.
- the proportional coefficient k 2 of the friction torque and the pressure of the lubricant to be tested is obtained:
- Step 301 Add lubricant. Put the lubricant into the concave surface of the lower jewel bearing. In step 202, the lubricant put in is the lubricant to be tested;
- Step 302 Make the rotating module spin up.
- an electromagnetic shut-off valve is used to control the airflow of the pressure gas cylinder, so that the pressure gas cylinder generates a continuous or pulsed airflow, and the continuous or pulsed airflow is sprayed onto the metal module of the rotating module through a soft air pipe , And then push the rotating shaft to spin up and reach the required initial rotational angular velocity;
- Step 303 Obtain the friction torque.
- the friction torque is the sum of the friction torque on the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft that are in contact with the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing.
- a laser sensor with a detection light path parallel to the axis of rotation is used to measure the position, angular velocity, and angular acceleration information of the rotating part at different times, and the angular acceleration is multiplied by the moment of inertia of the rotating part , Finally obtain the friction torque of the friction force around the rotation axis;
- Step 304 Adjust the pressure at the jewel bearing under the rotating shaft.
- the magnetic attraction force between the permanent magnet and the magnet module is increased to be slightly smaller than the weight of the rotating part, so as to reduce the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing. Specifically, it is to keep the position of the rotating part and the jewel bearing unchanged.
- the permanent magnet is moved from a sufficiently high place from top to bottom along the axis of rotation to gradually approach the rotating part, so that the permanent magnet and the magnet The magnetic attraction between the modules gradually increases from zero.
- the reading of the pressure sensor gradually decreases, and the decrease in the reading of the pressure sensor is the magnitude of the magnetic attraction force.
- Step 305 Obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing. Read the reading of the pressure sensor, and subtract the weight of the lower jewel bearing from the reading according to the vertical force balance relationship to obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing at this time, and subtract the lower jewel from the reading The total weight of the bearing, the rotating shaft and the metal module, plus the magnetic attraction, can obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing;
- Step 306 Change the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing and the lower jewel bearing. By adjusting the position of the three-dimensional mobile platform along the Z axis, the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper and lower jewel bearings is changed; Step 304 and step 305 are repeated to obtain the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper and lower jewel bearings;
- Step 307 Obtain the friction torque. Repeat step 302 and step 303 to obtain the friction torque received by the rotating shaft after the pressure is changed; and
- Step 308 Calculate the proportional coefficient.
- the frictional torque calculated according to the angular acceleration of the rotating shaft is the sum of the frictional torques on the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft in contact with the upper and lower jewel bearings:
- F 1 is the friction torque obtained in step 303
- F 2 is the friction torque obtained in step 307
- d is the frictional force between the rotating shaft and the upper and lower jewel bearings to the equivalent arm of the central shaft Length
- ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the lubricant added in step 301
- N 1 is the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing obtained in step 305
- ⁇ 0 is the friction coefficient between the rotating shaft and the upper jewel bearing
- N 1 ' Is the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing obtained in step 305
- N 2 is the pressure of the rotating shaft at the lower jewel bearing in step 306
- N 2 ′ is the pressure of the rotating shaft at the upper jewel bearing in step 306
- k ⁇ d
- k 0 ⁇ 0 d
- step 202 Calculate the values of k and k 0.
- step 203 the friction coefficient of the lubricant to be tested is calculated.
- the friction coefficient of the tested lubricant ⁇ ⁇ 1 k 2 /k 1 .
Abstract
一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置及方法，通过利用已知摩擦系数的润滑剂材料作为标准材料，测量其他润滑剂材料的摩擦系数。该装置包括转动模块（100），起旋模块及测速模块，其中转动模块（100）包括：被上宝石轴承（104）及下宝石轴承（108）夹持转动的转动轴（106），安装于转动轴（106）上的磁铁模块（105）及金属模块（107），安装于下宝石轴承（108）的下方的压力传感器（109），安装于转动模块（100）的顶端上方的永磁体（102）以及位于装置的底端的三维移动平台（112）。
Description
本发明涉及润滑剂材料技术领域，特别涉及一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置和方法。
润滑剂材料是机械机构中用来改变接触面润滑水平或增加摩擦的重要材料，包括粉末润滑剂材料、液体润滑剂材料等。其中，粉末润滑剂材料可应用于摩擦离合器和制动器中，用以减小摩擦阻力，实现保障机械安全、可靠性和机器正常运转的重要功能。常见的粉末润滑剂材料有铸铁、钢、青铜或石棉-树脂粉末等。通常，润滑剂材料在使用前需要对在工作环境下的摩擦和润滑特性进行测试，其中，典型的工作环境包括常温常压、高温高压或真空环境等。
当前，对润滑剂及粉末材料的摩擦系数测量一般采用滚动摩擦方法。该方法使用空心夹层的双层滚筒设备，进行润滑剂摩擦系数测量时，首先在夹层内填充被测的润滑剂材料，然后转动内层滚筒，通过测量其保持匀速转动的力矩和滚筒内壁压力，最终得出被测润滑剂材料的摩擦力矩，并由此计算润滑剂材料的摩擦系数。
采用传统方法测量润滑剂材料的摩擦系数，其可测量范围主要受限于滑动设备的对内壁压力大小的调节和测量精度，以及对摩擦力矩的测量精度，因而难以精确测量摩擦系数很大或较小的润滑剂及粉末材料的摩擦系数。因此，需要研发一种可以实现对摩擦系数很大或较小的润滑剂等材料进行高精度摩擦系数测量的装置与方法。
发明内容
为了实现对摩擦系数很大或较小的润滑剂的摩擦系数测量，本发明一方面提供一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置，包括：
转动模块，所述转动模块包括：
转动轴，所述转动轴的上下端为圆弧尖端；
上宝石轴承，所述上宝石轴承的凹面与所述转动轴的上端圆弧相接触；
下宝石轴承，所述下宝石轴承的凹面与所述转动轴的下端圆弧尖端相接触，所述下宝石轴承的凹面用于存放待测润滑剂；
压力传感器，安装于所述下宝石轴承的下方，用于测量所述下宝石轴承下方的压力；
金属模块，所述金属模块固定安装于所述转动轴的中部，所述金属模块的转动惯量已知；
磁铁模块，固定安装于所述转动轴靠近上部顶端的部位，位于所述转动轴上端圆弧尖端的下方；
永磁体，安装于所述转动模块的上方，所述永磁体与所述磁铁模块配合，产生磁吸力，以抵消装置转动部分受到的部分重力作用；以及
三维移动平台，所述三维移动平台位于所述装置的底端，可在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向实现精确移动,用于调节所述转动轴与所述上宝石轴承及所述下宝石轴承之间的压力,以及调整上宝石轴承，下宝石轴承及转动轴的位置，使得所述上宝石轴承中心，下宝石轴承中心及转动轴位于同一竖直直线上；
起旋模块，包括压力气瓶，电磁截止阀以及软质气管，用于喷出气流吹动所述金属模块，进而推动所述转动模块起旋；以及
测速模块，包括速度传感器，用于测量所述转动模块的转速。
进一步的，所述转动模块还包括夹持模块，所述夹持模块用于夹持所述永磁体，并调节永磁体位置。
进一步的，所述压力传感器为压电陶瓷传感器。
进一步的，所述转动模块还包括弹性垫片，所述弹性垫片安装于所述压力传感器的下方，用于支撑所述传动轴。
进一步的，所述速度传感器为激光传感器。
本发明另一方面提供一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的方法，包括：
获取已知摩擦系数的润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数，包括：
将所述已知摩擦系数的润滑剂放入下宝石轴承的凹面内，并使所述转动模块起旋；
获取所述转动模块的摩擦力矩以及转动轴与上宝石轴承和下宝 石轴承间的压力；
通过微调三维移动平台的垂直位置，以改变转动轴与上宝石轴承和下宝石轴承间的压力；
通过起旋模块使得转动模块起旋，获取所述转动模块的摩擦力矩以及转动轴与上宝石轴承和下宝石轴承间的压力；以及
计算所述已知摩擦系数的润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数；
按照如上步骤，获取待测润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数；以及
计算待测润滑剂的摩擦系数。
本发明提供的一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置及方法，可工作于大气或真空环境，其利用已知摩擦系数的润滑剂作为标准材料，通过测量旋转体在润滑剂上的旋转速度和摩擦力矩，计算加入润滑剂条件下旋转体转动角速度变化与接触面压力之间的关系，实现对润滑剂摩擦力矩的高精度测量，进而计算出待测润滑剂的摩擦阻力系数。该装置本底摩擦阻力极小，小于0.01μN·m的量级，因此，采用本发明提供的装置及方法可以测量摩擦阻力系数范围跨度较大的大多数润滑剂材料，尤其是在对很高或较低低摩擦系数材料的进行摩擦系数测量时具有高灵敏度。
为进一步阐明本发明的各实施例的以上和其它优点和特征，将参考附图来呈现本发明的各实施例的更具体的描述。可以理解，这些附图只描绘本发明的典型实施例，因此将不被认为是对其范围的限制。在附图中，为了清楚明了，相同或相应的部件将用相同或类似的标记表示。
图1示出本发明一个实施例的一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置的结构示意图；
图2示出本发明一个实施例的一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的方法的流程示意图；以及
图3示出本发明一个实施例的获取润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数的方法的流程示意图。
以下的描述中，参考各实施例对本发明进行描述。然而，本领域的技术人员将认识到可在没有一个或多个特定细节的情况下或者与其它替换和/或附加方法、材料或组件一起实施各实施例。在其它情形中，未示出或未详细描述公知的结构、材料或操作以免模糊本发明的发明点。类似地，为了解释的目的，阐述了特定数量、材料和配置，以便提供对本发明的实施例的全面理解。然而，本发明并不限于这些特定细节。此外，应理解附图中示出的各实施例是说明性表示且不一定按正确比例绘制。
在本说明书中，对“一个实施例”或“该实施例”的引用意味着结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。在本说明书各处中出现的短语“在一个实施例中”并不一定全部指代同一实施例。
需要说明的是，本发明的实施例以特定顺序对工艺步骤进行描述，然而这只是为了阐述该具体实施例，而不是限定各步骤的先后顺序。相反，在本发明的不同实施例中，可根据工艺的调节来调整各步骤的先后顺序。
为了精确测量摩擦系数很大或较小的润滑剂的摩擦系数，本发明提供一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置及方法，下面结合具体的实施例附图，对该装置及方法进行进一步描述。
图1示出本发明一个实施例的一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置的结构示意图。如图1所示，一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置，包括转动模块100，起旋模块(图中未示出)以及测速模块(图中未示出)。其中，所述转动模块100包括：夹持模块101，永磁体102，上固定平台103，上宝石轴承104，磁铁模块105，转动轴106，金属模块107，下宝石轴承108，压力传感器109，弹性垫片110，下固定平台111以及三维移动平台112：
所述上宝石轴承104及所述下宝石轴承108夹持所述转动轴106转动。其中，所述转动轴106的上下端为圆弧尖端，所述上宝石轴承104固定于所述上固定平台103的下开口处，安装后与所述转动轴106的上部顶端相接触，所述转动轴106的上部顶端位于所述上宝石轴承104的凹面处，可在凹面内转动；以及，所述下宝石轴承108固定于所述下固定平台111的上开口处，安装后与所述转动轴 106的底端相接触，所述转动轴106的底端位于所述下宝石轴承108的凹面处，可在凹面内转动。所述下宝石轴承108的凹面为转动轴106的支撑凹面；
所述夹持模块101包括固定部及垂直于固定部的移动部，其中，所述固定部固定安装于所述上固定平台103的顶部，以及所述移动部具有夹具，并可沿所述固定部上下移动；所述夹持模块101位于所述转动模块的上方；
所述永磁体102夹持于所述夹持模块101的夹具内；
所述磁铁模块105固定安装于所述转动轴106靠近上部顶端的部位，位于所述转动轴106上端圆弧尖端的下方，所述磁铁模块105为圆柱形，其在上下接触位置以镶嵌插入的方式与所述转动轴106的转动部分连接，所述磁铁模块105的长度小于所述转动轴长度的1/2，其中心轴与所述转动轴106的中心线位于同一直线上。通过所述磁铁模块105与所述永磁体102产生的磁吸力，可大幅减小转动模块100对所述转动轴106支撑凹面的压力，进而减小转动摩擦阻力，实现阻力力矩量级低于0.01uN·m的低阻尼转动的效果。在实际操作中，可通过上下调节所述夹持模块101的移动部，精密调节永磁体的垂直位置，以改变磁吸力的大小；
所述金属模块107固定于所述转动轴106的中部，所述金属模块的中心线与所述转动轴106的中心线位于同一直线上，所述金属模块107与所述转动轴106共同构成转动部。所述金属模块107的转动惯量已知。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述金属模块为密度分布均匀的金属薄片，通过焊接的方式固定于所述转动轴106上；
所述压力传感器109安装于所述下固定平台111的上开口内，并位于所述下宝石轴承108的下方，用于测量所述转动模块100对所述转动轴106支撑凹面的压力。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述压力传感器为压电陶瓷传感器。
所述弹性垫片110安装于所述下固定平台111的上开口内，并位于压力传感器109的下方，用于支撑所述转动轴106，并实现所述转动轴106沿竖直方向的微小位移，可防止在所述转动轴106与所述下宝石轴承108的接触点产生过大压力，进而损坏所述转动轴106或所述下宝石轴承108；以及
所述三维移动平台112安装于所述下固定平台111的底部。所述三维移动平台112可在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向实现精确移动。当所述三维移动平台112沿Z轴方向移动时，将带动所述下固定平台111向上或向下移动，进而使得所述转动轴106在所述上宝石轴承104及下宝石轴承108处产生的压力发生变化；此外，通过沿X轴和/或Y轴方向移动所述三维移动平台112，可以调整上宝石轴承，下宝石轴承及转动轴的位置，使得所述上宝石轴承中心，下宝石轴承中心及转动轴位于同一竖直直线上；
所述起旋模块用于推动所述转动模块100起旋。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述起旋模块采用气体推动的方式推动所述转动模块100起旋。所述起旋模块包括压力气瓶，电磁截止阀以及软质气管，其中，所述电磁截止阀的一端与所述压力气瓶的出气口连接，所述电磁截止阀的另一端与所述软质气管连接。当需要推动所述转动模块100起旋时，使用所述电磁截止阀控制所述压力气瓶的气流，使得所述压力气瓶产生连续或脉冲气流，并通过所述软质气管将所述连续或脉冲气流喷射至所述转动模块100的金属模块107上，进而推动所述转动模块100转动，并达到所需的初始旋转角速度；以及
所述测速模块用于测量所述转动部的角加速度，并通过将所述角加速度与所述转动部的转动惯量相乘，最终得到摩擦力绕所述转动轴106的摩擦力矩。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述测速模块包括激光传感器，其中，所述激光传感器的探测光路平行于所述金属模块107的转动轴。当金属模块107转动至遮挡所述激光传感器光路的位置时，所述激光传感器输出信号发生改变，记录下信号变化对应的时间，由该信号随时间变化情况可得到所述金属模块107在不同时刻的位置、角速度及角加速度信息，即所述转动轴106的位置、角速度及角加速度信息。
图2示出本发明一个实施例的一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的方法的流程示意图。如图2所示，一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的方法，包括：
首先，在步骤201，获取标准材料的比例系数。将摩擦系数为μ
1的润滑剂作为标准材料，通过如图3所示的方法，获取所述标准材料的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数k
1，其中μ
1为已知数：
步骤301，添加润滑剂。将润滑剂放入下宝石轴承的凹面内。在步骤201中，放入的润滑剂为摩擦系数为μ
1的润滑剂，其中μ
1 为已知数；
步骤302，使转动模块起旋。在本发明的一个实施例中，使用电磁截止阀控制压力气瓶的气流，使得压力气瓶产生连续或脉冲气流，并通过软质气管将所述连续或脉冲气流喷射至转动模块的金属模块上，进而推动转动轴起旋，并达到所需的初始旋转角速度；
步骤303，获取摩擦力矩。所述摩擦力矩是转动轴在与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承接触的上下端所受到的摩擦力矩的和。在本发明的一个实施例中，采用探测光路与转动轴平行的激光传感器测量所述转动部在不同时刻的位置、角速度及角加速度信息，将所述角加速度乘以所述转动部的转动惯量，最终得到摩擦力绕所述转动轴的摩擦力矩；
步骤304，调节转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力。通过调整所述永磁体的位置，增加所述永磁体与所述磁铁模块间的磁吸力，使其略小于转动部自重，以减小转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力。具体来说，是保持转动部及宝石轴承位置不变，通过调节夹具的位置，将永磁体沿转动轴线由足够高处自上而下移动，使之逐渐接近转动部，进而使得永磁体与磁铁模块间的磁吸力从零开始逐渐增大。在这一过程中，由于所述磁吸力抵消了转动部的自重，压力传感器读数逐渐减小，所述压力传感器的读数的减小量即为所述磁吸力的大小。当所述磁吸力的大小略小于转动部分自重时，固定所述永磁体；
步骤305，获取转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力。读取压力传感器的读数，根据竖直方向力的平衡关系，将所述读数减去下宝石轴承的自重，可得到此时转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，以及将所述读数减去下宝石轴承、转动轴以及金属模块的自重的总和，然后加上磁吸力，可得到转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力；
步骤306，改变转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力。通过沿Z轴方向调节三维移动平台的位置，改变转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力；重复步骤304及步骤305，得到转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力；
步骤307，获取摩擦力矩。重复步骤302及步骤303，得到压力改变后，所述转动轴受到的摩擦力矩；以及
步骤308，计算比例系数。如下所示，根据转动轴的角加速度 计算所得的摩擦力矩为转动轴在与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承接触的上下端所受到的摩擦力矩的和：
其中，F
1为步骤303中所获取的摩擦力矩，F
2为步骤307中所获取的摩擦力矩，d为转动轴与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承之间的摩擦力到中心转轴的等效力臂长度，μ为步骤301中所添加的润滑剂的摩擦系数，N
1为步骤305中所获取的转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，μ
0为转动轴与上宝石轴承之间的摩擦系数，N
1’为步骤304中所获取的转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力，N
2为步骤306中转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，N
2’为步骤306中转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力；记k＝μd,k
0＝μ
0d,则有：
计算可得k及k
0的值。在步骤201中，k
1＝k。
接下来，在步骤202，获取待测润滑剂的比例系数。通过如图3所示的方法，获取所述待测润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数k
2：
步骤301，添加润滑剂。将润滑剂放入下宝石轴承的凹面内。在步骤202中，放入的润滑剂为待测的润滑剂；
步骤302，使转动模块起旋。在本发明的一个实施例中，使用电磁截止阀控制压力气瓶的气流，使得压力气瓶产生连续或脉冲气流，并通过软质气管将所述连续或脉冲气流喷射至转动模块的金属模块上，进而推动转动轴起旋，并达到所需的初始旋转角速度；
步骤303，获取摩擦力矩。所述摩擦力矩是转动轴在与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承接触的上下端所受到的摩擦力矩的和。在本发明的一个实施例中，采用探测光路与转动轴平行的激光传感器测量所述转动部在不同时刻的位置、角速度及角加速度信息，将所述角加速度乘以所述转动部的转动惯量，最终得到摩擦力绕所述转动轴的摩擦力矩；
步骤304，调节转动轴载下宝石轴承处的压力。通过调整所述永磁体的位置，增加所述永磁体与所述磁铁模块间的磁吸力，使其略小于转动部自重，以减小转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力。具体来 说，是保持转动部及宝石轴承位置不变，通过调节夹具的位置，将永磁体沿转动轴线由足够高处自上而下移动，使之逐渐接近转动部，进而使得永磁体与磁铁模块间的磁吸力从零开始逐渐增大。在这一过程中，由于所述磁吸力抵消了转动部的自重，压力传感器读数逐渐减小，所述压力传感器的读数的减小量即为所述磁吸力的大小。当所述磁吸力的大小略小于转动部分自重时，固定所述永磁体；
步骤305，获取转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力。读取压力传感器的读数，根据竖直方向力的平衡关系，将所述读数减去下宝石轴承的自重，可得到此时转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，以及将所述读数减去下宝石轴承、转动轴以及金属模块的自重的总和，然后加上磁吸力，可得到转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力；
步骤306，改变转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力。通过沿Z轴方向调节三维移动平台的位置，改变转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力；重复步骤304及步骤305，得到转动轴在上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承处的压力；
步骤307，获取摩擦力矩。重复步骤302及步骤303，得到压力改变后，所述转动轴受到的摩擦力矩；以及
步骤308，计算比例系数。如下所示，根据转动轴的角加速度计算所得的摩擦力矩为转动轴在与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承接触的上下端所受到的摩擦力矩的和：
其中，F
1为步骤303中所获取的摩擦力矩，F
2为步骤307中所获取的摩擦力矩，d为转动轴与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承之间的摩擦力到中心转轴的等效力臂长度，μ为步骤301中所添加的润滑剂的摩擦系数，N
1为步骤305中所获取的转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，μ
0为转动轴与上宝石轴承的摩擦系数，N
1’为步骤305中所获取的转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力，N
2为步骤306中转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，N
2’为步骤306中转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力；记k＝μd,k
0＝μ
0d,则有：
计算可得k及k
0的值。在步骤202中，k
2＝k；以及
最后，在步骤203，计算待测润滑剂的摩擦系数。待测润滑剂的摩擦系数μ＝μ
1k
2/k
1。
尽管上文描述了本发明的各实施例，但是，应该理解，它们只是作为示例来呈现的，而不作为限制。对于相关领域的技术人员显而易见的是，可以对其做出各种组合、变型和改变而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，此处所公开的本发明的宽度和范围不应被上述所公开的示例性实施例所限制，而应当仅根据所附权利要求书及其等同替换来定义。
Claims (10)
- 一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的装置，其特征在于，包括：转动模块，包括：转动轴，所述转动轴的上下端为圆弧尖端；上宝石轴承，所述上宝石轴承的凹面与所述转动轴的上端圆弧尖端相接触；下宝石轴承，所述下宝石轴承的凹面与所述转动轴的下端圆弧尖端相接触，所述下宝石轴承的凹面被配置为存放润滑剂；压力传感器，安装于所述下宝石轴承的下方，其被配置为测量所述下宝石轴承下方的压力；金属模块，所述金属模块固定安装于所述转动轴的中部，所述金属模块的中心线与所述转动轴的中心线位于同一直线上，所述金属模块与所述转动轴组成转动部，且所述金属模块的转动惯量已知；磁铁模块，固定安装于所述转动轴靠近上部顶端的部位，位于所述转动轴的上端圆弧尖端的下方；永磁体，安装于所述转动模块的上方，所述永磁体被配置为可与所述磁铁模块产生磁吸力，以抵消转动部的自重；以及三维移动平台，所述三维移动平台位于所述装置的底端，其被配置为：沿Z轴方向移动，进而调节所述转动轴与所述上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承之间的压力；以及沿着X,Y轴方向移动，进而使得上宝石轴承中心，下宝石轴承中心及转动轴位于同一竖直直线上；起旋模块，包括压力气瓶，电磁截止阀以及软质气管，所述起旋模块被配置为喷出气流吹动所述金属模块，进而推动所述转动模块起旋；以及测速模块，包括速度传感器，所述测速模块被配置为测量所述转动模块的角加速度。
- 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括上固定平台及下 固定平台，所述上固定平台具有下开口，所述下固定平台具有上开口，所述上宝石轴承固定于所述上固定平台的下开口内，所述下宝石轴承及所述压力传感器固定于所述下固定平台的上开口内。
- 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括夹持模块，所述夹持模块包括固定部及垂直于固定部的移动部，其中，所述固定部固定安装于所述上固定平台的顶部，以及所述移动部具有夹具，并可沿所述固定部上下移动，所述夹具被配置为夹持所述永磁体。
- 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述磁铁模块位于所述转动轴的上半部分，在上下接触位置以镶嵌插入的方式与所述转动轴的转动部分连接，所述磁铁模块的长度小于所述转动轴长度的1/2，其中心轴与所述转动轴的中心线位于同一直线上。
- 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压力传感器为压电陶瓷传感器。
- 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括弹性垫片，所述弹性垫片安装于所述下固定平台的上开口内，并位于所述压力传感器的下方。
- 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述速度传感器为激光传感器。
- 一种测量润滑剂摩擦系数的方法，采用如权利要求1-7任一所述的装置，其特征在于，包括步骤：根据不同压力条件下所获取的转动轴的摩擦力矩，计算摩擦系数为μ 1的润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数k 1；根据不同压力条件下所获取的转动轴的摩擦力矩，计算待测润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数k 2；以及计算待测润滑剂的摩擦系数μ＝μ 1k 2/k 1。
- 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述转动轴的摩擦力矩的获取方法包括：将已知摩擦系数的润滑剂或待测润滑剂放入下宝石轴承的凹面内，并通过起旋模块使所述转动模块起旋；通过测速模块获取转动轴的角加速度；以及将所述角加速度乘以所述转动部的转动惯量，得到摩擦力绕所述转动轴的摩擦力矩。
- 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述润滑剂的摩擦力矩与压力的比例系数k根据如下公式计算得到：
其中：F 1及F 2分别为压力条件1及压力条件2下所获取的摩擦力矩；N 1及N 2分别为压力条件1及压力条件2下转动轴在下宝石轴承处的压力，分别根据压力条件1及压力条件2下所读取的压力传感器的读数减去下宝石轴承的自重所得；N 1’及N 2’分别为压力条件1及压力条件2下转动轴在上宝石轴承处的压力，分别根据压力条件1及压力条件2下所读取的压力传感器的读数减去下宝石轴承、转动轴以及金属模块的自重总和并加上磁吸力所得；以及k＝μd,k 0＝μ 0d，其中d为转动轴与上宝石轴承及下宝石轴承之间的摩擦力到中心转轴的等效力臂长度，μ为润滑剂的摩擦系数，μ 0为转动轴与上宝石轴承的摩擦系数。
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