WO2021173033A1 - Installation de retraitement de déchets - Google Patents

Installation de retraitement de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021173033A1
WO2021173033A1 PCT/RU2021/000026 RU2021000026W WO2021173033A1 WO 2021173033 A1 WO2021173033 A1 WO 2021173033A1 RU 2021000026 W RU2021000026 W RU 2021000026W WO 2021173033 A1 WO2021173033 A1 WO 2021173033A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spiral
reactor
conveyor
zone
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2021/000026
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Юрий Алексеевич КОБАКОВ
Original Assignee
Юрий Алексеевич КОБАКОВ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Юрий Алексеевич КОБАКОВ filed Critical Юрий Алексеевич КОБАКОВ
Publication of WO2021173033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021173033A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/0075—Disposal of medical waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the proposed invention relates to the field of waste processing, in particular the processing of solid municipal waste containing a mixture of plastic, rubber, paper, polymer and medical waste, and can be used for waste disposal to obtain solid carbonaceous raw materials and other products for various industries.
  • Incineration or burial of these wastes requires significant energy consumption, leads to environmental pollution, as well as to the loss of organic, carbon-containing and metallic raw materials.
  • This plant for the processing of rubber-containing waste contains a low-temperature destruction reactor with a spiral conveyor, at the entrance of which a feeder is installed, and at the outlet a means for unloading a solid product is installed, while the reactor has a rubber crumb thermolysis section and a section for bringing carbon black to a commercial condition.
  • This waste treatment plant is much simpler to manufacture and operate than the one described above, but it has high energy consumption and low efficiency.
  • the objective of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of the waste processing plant while simplifying its design through the use of a spiral conveyor with an increasing pitch of the spiral, as well as due to the presence of blades on the spiral conveyor to intensify the process inside the reactor.
  • the technical result of this invention is to improve the efficiency of the installation while simplifying its design.
  • the task is achieved due to the fact that in a waste processing plant containing a low-temperature destruction reactor with a spiral conveyor, at the entrance of which a feeder is installed, and at the first outlet of the spiral conveyor, a means for unloading a solid product is installed, connected to the receiving unit of the spiral conveyor, the reactor has a second an outlet for flue gas and a third outlet for a pipeline of a vapor-gas mixture, which is connected to a rectification column, while the reactor has three zones, a first zone for feeding material into the reactor, a second zone for material heating, and a third zone for material destruction, and the spiral conveyor has a spiral with an increasing the pitch of the spiral turn, while the spiral of the spiral conveyor in the material destruction zone has blades installed on the spiral turns and made with the possibility of providing, in addition to the linear movement of the material, its vertical movement.
  • the pitch "n" of the conveyor spiral is selected depending on the outer diameter "D" of the conveyor spiral in accordance with the ratio: n ⁇ D.
  • each subsequent step "n" of the conveyor spiral turn, in the material heating zone in the reactor should increase by 10% from the previous step of the conveyor spiral.
  • a conical screw feeder with a spiral conveyor is used as a feeder in an installation for waste processing, which is made with the possibility of feeding into it crushed material of different morphological composition and moisture content, and at the same time providing a hermetic seal in the feeder when the crushed material is fed into it.
  • the spiral conveyor of the screw feeder has loops, the diameter of which decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the conveyor of the screw feeder.
  • the installation for the processing of waste contains a filter located between the third outlet of the reactor and the pipeline of the steam-gas mixture.
  • the distillation column comprises a process water withdrawal section, a liquid hydrocarbon withdrawal section, and a hydrocarbon gas withdrawal section.
  • the waste treatment plant contains a jacket with burners for heating the reactor, placed around the reactor, while the jacket with burners was connected to the hydrocarbon gas extraction section with the possibility of entering the hydrocarbon gas into the burners for its combustion and thereby heating the reactor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a waste treatment plant according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragment of a spiral conveyor of a reactor with blades, made according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sketch of a spiral conveyor of an increasing pitch reactor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sketch of a conical screw feeder according to the invention.
  • the installation for waste processing contains a reactor 1 for low-temperature destruction with a spiral conveyor 2, at the inlet of which a feeder is installed 3, and at the first outlet 4, a means for unloading a solid product 5 is installed, connected to the receiving unit 6 of the spiral conveyor 2.
  • the reactor 1 has a second outlet 7 for a flue gas pipeline 8, which exits through a chimney 9, and a third outlet 10 for a steam-gas pipeline mixture 11, which is connected through a filter 12 to a distillation column 13 containing a section for the selection of technical water 14, a section for the selection of liquid hydrocarbons 15, and a section for the selection of hydrocarbon gas 16.
  • a heating jacket 17 of the reactor 1 with burners is placed around the reactor 1. connected to the section for the selection of hydrocarbon gas 16 through the pipeline of hydrocarbon gas 18, with the possibility of entering the burners of hydrocarbon gas for its combustion and thereby heating the reactor 1 (Fig. 1).
  • the reactor 1 has three zones, the first zone 20 for feeding material into the reactor, the second zone 21 for heating the material, and the third zone 22 for material destruction, while the spiral conveyor 2, in the zone 21 for heating the material, is made with an increasing pitch "n" of the spiral turn. That is, if the spiral conveyor 2 has a spiral turn pitch "p”, then in the second zone 21 the conveyor 2 will have the first spiral turn pitch of 1.1 "p”, the second spiral pitch will have a size of 1.2 “p”, the third the step will be 1.3 "p” and so on. (Fig. 3).
  • the step "n" of the spiral turn of the spiral conveyor 2 is selected depending on the outer diameter "D" of the spiral of the conveyor 2 in accordance with the ratio: n ⁇ D.
  • the spiral conveyor 2 of the reactor 1 has blades 19, which are installed at each turn of the spiral, and which allow intensifying the heat and mass transfer processes inside the reactor 1 by lifting the material upward, thereby increasing the residence time of the material in the reactor 1, which makes it possible to reduce its size (Fig. 2).
  • This spiral conveyor 23 of the screw feeder 3 has turns 24, the diameter of which decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the conveyor 23 of the screw feeder 3 (Fig. 4).
  • This design of the feeder 3 makes it possible to provide a hermetic seal of the material in it when the crushed material is fed into it, which contributes to less penetration of odor from the reactor 1.
  • the tightness of the seal created in the feeder 3 is checked by an excess pressure of about 6 kg / cm 2 at operating temperatures and modes.
  • Pre-crushed waste material is fed into the loading chamber of a conical screw feeder 3 with a spiral conveyor 23, which is configured to supply crushed material of different morphological composition and moisture content.
  • the spiral conveyor 23 of the screw feeder 3 has turns 24, the diameter of which decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the conveyor 23 of the screw feeder 3.
  • This design of the feeder 3 makes it possible to provide a hermetic seal in the feeder 3 when the crushed material is fed into it, which contributes to less penetration of odor from the reactor 1.
  • the crushed material is fed into the first zone 20 of the material supply of the reactor 1 for low-temperature destruction, inside which the material begins to move due to the operation of the spiral conveyor 2.
  • the material After entering the second heating zone 21, the material begins to be heated using the installed heating jacket 17, placed around the reactor 1, with burners that are connected to the hydrocarbon gas extraction section 16 through the hydrocarbon gas pipeline 18, with the possibility of entering hydrocarbon gas into the burners for combustion and thereby heating the reactor 1.
  • the spiral conveyor 2, in the material heating zone 21, is made with an increasing step "n" of the spiral turn. That is, if the spiral conveyor 2 has in the first zone 20 the standard pitch of the spiral turn "n”, then in the second zone 21 the conveyor 2 will have the first pitch of the spiral turn of the size 1.1 "p", the second pitch of the spiral will have the size 1.2 "P”, the third step will be 1.3 "p" and so on. Each new step of the turn of the spiral will increase by 10%.
  • the standard step of the turn "n" of the spiral of the conveyor 2 is selected depending on the outer diameter "D" of the spiral of the conveyor 2 in accordance with the ratio: n ⁇ D (Fig. 3).
  • This solution for the second heating zone 21 of the conveyor 2 avoids the formation of a blockage, since the material in this zone has the temperature is lower than the temperature of the beginning of its destruction, and with the same pitch of the spiral turn it is prone to compaction.
  • the material After heating to the required temperature of the beginning of its destruction, the material enters the third zone 22 of the reactor 1, in which the process of destruction (decomposition) of the material into a solid product (carbon residue) and a vapor-gas mixture begins.
  • the solid product through the outlet 4 enters the installed means for unloading the solid product 5, connected to the receiving unit 6 of the spiral conveyor 2, and the vapor-gas mixture through the outlet 10 enters the pipeline 11, which is connected through the filter 12 to the rectification column 13 containing the section extraction of technical water 14, a section for the selection of liquid hydrocarbons 15, as well as a section for the selection of hydrocarbon gas 16.
  • Hydrocarbon gas from the selection section 16 enters through the installed pipeline 18 into the heating jacket 17 of the reactor 1.
  • the spiral conveyor 2 is equipped with blades 19, which allow the material to be lifted upward, thereby increasing the residence time of the material in the reactor 1, which makes it possible to reduce its size.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation pour le retraitement des déchets comprenant un réacteur de destruction à basse température (1) avec un transporteur en spirale (2) à l'entrée duquel se trouve un chargeur (3), tandis qu'à la première sortie (4) du transporteur en spirale (2) se trouve un moyen de déchargement du produit solide (5) connecté à une unité de réception (6) du transporteur en spirale (2); le réacteur (1) comprend une seconde sortie (7) pour un conduit de gaz de fumée (8) et une troisième sortie (10) pour un conduit de mélange de vapeur et de gaz (11) qui est connecté à une colonne de rectification (13); le réacteur comprend trois zones, à savoir une première zone (20) d'envoi du matériau dans le réacteur, une deuxième zone (21) de chauffage du matériau et une troisième zone (22) de destruction du matériau; le transporteur en spirale (2) comprend une spirale dont le pas de vis va en augmentant, et la spirale du transporteur en spirale (2) comprend, dans la zone (22) de destruction du matériau, des pales (19) disposées sur les spires de la spirale et permettant d'assurer simultanément un mélange linéaire du matériau ainsi que son déplacement vertical.
PCT/RU2021/000026 2020-02-25 2021-01-25 Installation de retraitement de déchets WO2021173033A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2020108050 2020-02-25
RU2020108050A RU2724741C1 (ru) 2020-02-25 2020-02-25 Установка для переработки отходов

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021173033A1 true WO2021173033A1 (fr) 2021-09-02

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ID=71135821

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2021/000026 WO2021173033A1 (fr) 2020-02-25 2021-01-25 Installation de retraitement de déchets

Country Status (2)

Country Link
RU (1) RU2724741C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021173033A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191893A (en) * 1939-08-24 1940-02-27 Robert E Mcdonald Machine for the purpose of destroying the pink bollworm in cottonseed
RU2460743C2 (ru) * 2010-05-21 2012-09-10 Кирилл Зыськович Бочавер Процесс и установка по переработке резиносодержащих отходов
RU132785U1 (ru) * 2013-03-19 2013-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Скорый ремонт" (ООО "Скорый ремонт") Дозатор шнековый для сыпучих материалов
RU2547476C2 (ru) * 2012-07-04 2015-04-10 Николай Евгеньевич Староверов Ракетное топливо (варианты)
EP3358253A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 HERZ Energietechnik GmbH Installation de carbonisation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN2012DN03402A (fr) * 2009-09-25 2015-10-23 Pyrolyx Ag

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2191893A (en) * 1939-08-24 1940-02-27 Robert E Mcdonald Machine for the purpose of destroying the pink bollworm in cottonseed
RU2460743C2 (ru) * 2010-05-21 2012-09-10 Кирилл Зыськович Бочавер Процесс и установка по переработке резиносодержащих отходов
RU2547476C2 (ru) * 2012-07-04 2015-04-10 Николай Евгеньевич Староверов Ракетное топливо (варианты)
RU132785U1 (ru) * 2013-03-19 2013-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Скорый ремонт" (ООО "Скорый ремонт") Дозатор шнековый для сыпучих материалов
EP3358253A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 HERZ Energietechnik GmbH Installation de carbonisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2724741C1 (ru) 2020-06-25

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