WO2021169407A1 - Optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device - Google Patents

Optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021169407A1
WO2021169407A1 PCT/CN2020/127981 CN2020127981W WO2021169407A1 WO 2021169407 A1 WO2021169407 A1 WO 2021169407A1 CN 2020127981 W CN2020127981 W CN 2020127981W WO 2021169407 A1 WO2021169407 A1 WO 2021169407A1
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functional area
array structure
grating
dimensional array
dimensional
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PCT/CN2020/127981
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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罗明辉
乔文
李瑞彬
成堂东
杨明
杨博文
方宗豹
陈林森
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苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司
苏州维旺科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169407A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
    • G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to display technology, in particular to an optical waveguide lens and an augmented reality display device.
  • Augmented reality (AR) technology is a new technology that "seamlessly" integrates real world information and virtual world information. It not only displays real world information, but also displays virtual information at the same time. The two kinds of information complement each other, Overlay.
  • this solution using a two-dimensional array grating for diffractive transmission has the following significant defects: after light enters the coupling area, due to the diffraction characteristics of the two-dimensional array grating, the incident light is split into multiple diffracted rays, of which only a few Part of the diffracted light is transmitted toward the coupling-out area, and most of the diffracted light is transmitted away from the coupling-out area and is lost. As a result, the light efficiency of the display device is low, and the imaging effect is poor.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides an optical waveguide lens, which can reflect part of the diffracted light propagating away from the coupling-out area back to the coupling-in area, thereby improving light efficiency and enhancing imaging effects.
  • the detailed technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
  • An optical waveguide lens which includes:
  • the functional area includes an incident functional area, a turning functional area, and an outgoing functional area, wherein:
  • a first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide, to be coupled into the light in the waveguide, part of The light rays propagate toward the exit functional area in the first direction, and part of the light rays propagate toward the turning functional area in the second direction;
  • a one-dimensional grating is arranged in the turning functional area, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area back to the incident functional area;
  • a second two-dimensional array structure is provided in the exit functional area, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area out of the waveguide.
  • the turning functional area includes a first turning functional area and a second turning functional area symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area.
  • a Littrow condition is satisfied between the light propagating toward the turning functional area in the second direction and the one-dimensional grating disposed in the turning functional area.
  • the one-dimensional grating is a holographic grating, a blazed grating or a rectangular grating.
  • the one-dimensional grating is a blazed grating, and the incident angle of the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area matches the scintillation angle of the blazed grating.
  • the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure include a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, and a wedge-shaped column array structure.
  • the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by two superimposed exposures, and the two superimposed exposures are:
  • the exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure
  • the exposure light source is composed of two plane light beams, and the two plane light beams form an exposure interference surface.
  • the incident functional area and the exit functional area are separated from each other.
  • the incident functional area and the exit functional area are integrally formed.
  • the refractive index of the waveguide is greater than 1.4, and the thickness does not exceed 2 mm.
  • the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are two-dimensional array structures with the same structure
  • the grating period of the two-dimensional array structure is 200 nm to 600 nm
  • the grating depth is 50 nm ⁇ 600nm
  • the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the two-dimensional array structure is 90°-160°.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an augmented reality display device, which includes:
  • Micro-projection device for generating image light
  • An optical waveguide lens which is the optical waveguide lens according to any one of the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention can reflect the diffracted light partially propagating away from the coupling-out area back to the coupling-in area by setting the turning functional area, thereby improving the light efficiency and the imaging effect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical waveguide lens of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the optical waveguide lens of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of light incident on the functional area
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the light path of the light in the turning functional area
  • Fig. 5 is a grating orientation diagram of the two-dimensional array structure in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical waveguide lens of the present invention, which is used as a display screen of an augmented reality display device.
  • the optical waveguide lens includes:
  • each functional area is set On the upper surface of the waveguide 1.
  • the functional area includes the incident functional area 2, the turning functional area 4, and the exit functional area 3. Among them:
  • a first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide 1.
  • the light coupled into the waveguide 1 part of the light propagates toward the exit functional area 3 in the first direction, and part of the light propagates toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction.
  • a one-dimensional grating is provided in the turning functional area 4, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area 4 back into the incident functional area 3.
  • the exit functional area 3 is provided with a second two-dimensional array structure, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area 4 out of the waveguide 1.
  • X axis the width direction of the waveguide 1, which is also the connection direction of the user's eyes;
  • Y axis the height direction of the waveguide 1, and also the extension direction of the user's nose bridge;
  • Z axis the direction perpendicular (or orthogonal) to the X-Y plane defined by the X axis and the Y axis.
  • the incident functional area 2, the turning functional area 4, and the outgoing functional area 3 in the present invention are located on the X-Y plane.
  • the diffractive structures in the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 are both two-dimensional array structures.
  • the image light incident light emitted by the micro-projection device enters the incident functional area 2 along the Z axis
  • the image light interacts with the first two-dimensional array structure in the incident functional area 2 to form a more 1st order and -1st order diffracted light, among them: the diffracted light that satisfies the total reflection condition of the waveguide 1 is conducted in the waveguide 1 in the form of total reflection.
  • the three-dimensional array structure generates new interactions.
  • Each interaction process forms multiple diffracted lights, among which: part of the light forms reflective diffraction, while changing the azimuth angle, facing in the first direction (toward the direction of exiting functional area 3)
  • the exit functional area 3 is conducted, and part of the light continues to be conducted along the original direction at a total reflection angle.
  • part of the diffracted light propagates toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction (away from the exiting functional area 3). After this part of the light enters the turning functional area 4, it interacts with the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 and is deflected by 180° to return to the incident functional area 2.
  • This process can at least achieve the following technical effects: the diffracted light propagating away from the exit functional area 3 is reflected back into the incident functional area 2, thereby increasing the total amount of light entering the exit functional area 3 and reducing the loss of image light , Improve the light efficiency, and ultimately enhance the imaging effect.
  • the grating structure of the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 can be set adaptively, so that the light incident on the one-dimensional grating and the one-dimensional grating meet the Littrow condition , That is: the incident light and the first-order diffracted light generated by the one-dimensional grating are in a self-collimating state, so as to realize: the first-order diffracted light can be deflected by 180° along the incident path of the incident light and then return to the incident functional area. 2 within.
  • ⁇ 1 sin -1 ( ⁇ /(2* ⁇ )), where: ⁇ is the wavelength of the incident light, ⁇ is the grating period, and ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of the incident light.
  • the grating structure of the one-dimensional grating according to the wavelength and incident angle of the light incident on the turning functional area 4, that is, the light incident to the turning functional area 4 can be realized. It satisfies the Littrow condition with the one-dimensional grating.
  • the one-dimensional grating can be a holographic grating, a blazed grating or a rectangular grating.
  • the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 is set as a blazed grating, and the incident angle of the light propagating toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction matches the blaze angle of the blazed grating.
  • the turning functional area 4 includes a first turning functional area 41 and a second turning functional area 42 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area 2.
  • the light interacts with the second two-dimensional array structure in the outgoing functional area 3 and forms diffracted light in multiple directions. : Part of the diffracted light is diffracted along the Z axis out of the exit functional area 3 and observed, and part of the diffracted light is transmitted in the waveguide 1 in the form of total reflection. In the process of total reflection, the light repeatedly returns to the exit functional area 3, It also creates a new interaction with the second two-dimensional array structure. Each interaction process forms diffracted light in multiple directions. Part of the light is diffracted along the Z axis and exits the functional area 3 and is observed, while part of the light continues. Spread and expand.
  • the image light transmitted from the incident functional area 2 can not only be coupled out of the waveguide 1 to achieve imaging, but also during multiple interactions with the second two-dimensional array structure.
  • the image light can be expanded and stretched to further expand the field of view image and visible area.
  • each interaction point of the second two-dimensional array structure in the exit functional area 3 can couple out image light, the human eye can see a clear image in the entire exit functional area 3.
  • the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure in the present invention are both formed by two single-beam group superimposed exposures, and each single-beam group exposure corresponds to a group of structures.
  • the two single-beam group superimposed exposures are:
  • the exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure
  • the exposure light source is composed of two plane waves, and the two plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
  • the predetermined angle of the waveguide rotating along the center corresponds to the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the final two-dimensional array structure.
  • the predetermined angle is 90°.
  • both the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by one exposure.
  • the exposure light source is composed of four plane waves. Among the four plane waves, every two plane waves form an exposure interference surface, and the orientation of the two exposure interference surfaces forms a predetermined angle with each other.
  • the structures of the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are completely the same, the grating period is 200 nm to 600 nm, and the grating depth is 50 nm to 600 nm.
  • the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure may be a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, a wedge-shaped column array structure, or the like.
  • the angle a between the orientations of the two gratings of the two-dimensional array structure is 90°-160°.
  • the structures of the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are set to be completely the same, in order to improve production efficiency, the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 may be set to be completely the same. Differentiately molded at one time.
  • the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 may also be separated from each other. That is, there is a smooth waveguide between the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 without any diffractive array structure. Such a setting can improve the optical efficiency of the viewing area of the human eye and avoid unnecessary diffraction attenuation.
  • the waveguide 1 is a glass waveguide with high transmittance, a refractive index greater than 1.4, and a thickness not exceeding 2 mm.
  • the present invention also provides an augmented reality display device, which includes: a micro-projection device for generating image light; and an optical waveguide lens, which adopts the optical waveguide lens provided by any one of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

An optical waveguide lens and an augmented reality display device. The optical waveguide lens comprises: a waveguide (1) and a functional area located above the waveguide (1). The functional area comprises an incident functional area (2), a bending functional area (4), and a transmitting functional area (3). A first two-dimensional array structure is provided within the incident functional area (2). The first two-dimensional array structure couples a light into the waveguide (1). Of the light coupled into the waveguide (1), some of the light propagates in a first direction towards the transmitting functional area (3), and some of the light propagates in a second direction towards the bending functional area (4). A one-dimensional grating is provided within the bending functional area (4). The one-dimensional grating reflects the light propagated towards the bending functional area (4) back to the incident functional area (2). A second two-dimensional array structure is provided within the transmitting functional area (3). The second two-dimensional array structure couples the light propagated towards the bending functional area (4) out of the waveguide (1). With the provision of the bending functional area (4), diffracted light propagated away from a coupling-out area back to a coupling-in area, thus increasing light efficiency.

Description

一种光波导镜片及增强现实显示装置Optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及显示技术，具体涉及一种光波导镜片及增强现实显示装置。The invention relates to display technology, in particular to an optical waveguide lens and an augmented reality display device.
背景技术Background technique
增强现实(AR)技术，是一种将真实世界信息和虚拟世界信息“无缝”集成的新技术，不仅展现了真实世界的信息，而且将虚拟的信息同时显示出来，两种信息相互补充、叠加。Augmented reality (AR) technology is a new technology that "seamlessly" integrates real world information and virtual world information. It not only displays real world information, but also displays virtual information at the same time. The two kinds of information complement each other, Overlay.
目前，主流的近眼式增强现实显示设备大都采用光波导原理。例如，Hololens是将LCOS上的图像经过三片全息光栅耦合输出，透射至人眼，并且经过光波导的方式实现彩色投影。为了简化制备工艺、进一步缩小显示设备的体积，越来越多的研究人员开始尝试使用二维阵列光栅进行衍射传导，该方案中的波导片上形成有耦入区域和耦出区域，耦入区域和耦出区域内均设置有二维阵列光栅。入射光线入射至耦入区域，经耦入传导至耦出区域，最后经耦出区域进入人眼，从而实现彩色投影。光线在与耦入区域和耦出区域内的二维阵列光栅的交互过程中得到扩展、拉伸，从而实现二维空间的扩瞳。At present, most of the mainstream near-eye augmented reality display devices adopt the principle of optical waveguide. For example, Hololens couples the image on the LCOS through three holographic gratings, transmits it to the human eye, and implements color projection through an optical waveguide. In order to simplify the preparation process and further reduce the volume of the display device, more and more researchers have begun to try to use two-dimensional array gratings for diffraction conduction. A two-dimensional array grating is arranged in the coupling-out area. The incident light enters the coupling-in area, is conducted to the coupling-out area through the coupling-in, and finally enters the human eye through the coupling-out area, thereby realizing color projection. The light is expanded and stretched during the interaction with the two-dimensional array grating in the coupling-in area and the coupling-out area, thereby realizing pupil dilation in a two-dimensional space.
然而，这种使用二维阵列光栅进行衍射传导的解决方案存在如下显著缺陷：光线入射至耦入区域后，由于二维阵列光栅的衍射特征，入射光被分光成多束衍射光线，其中只有少部分衍射光线朝向耦出区域传导，大部分衍射光线则背离耦出区域传导从而被损耗。如此，导致显示设备的光效率低下，成像效果欠佳。However, this solution using a two-dimensional array grating for diffractive transmission has the following significant defects: after light enters the coupling area, due to the diffraction characteristics of the two-dimensional array grating, the incident light is split into multiple diffracted rays, of which only a few Part of the diffracted light is transmitted toward the coupling-out area, and most of the diffracted light is transmitted away from the coupling-out area and is lost. As a result, the light efficiency of the display device is low, and the imaging effect is poor.
鉴于此，有必要对现有的二维阵列光栅衍射传导方案进行改进，以实现让尽可能多的衍射光线朝向耦出区域传导，以提升光效率、增强成像效果。In view of this, it is necessary to improve the existing two-dimensional array grating diffraction conduction scheme, so as to realize as much diffracted light as possible to be conducted toward the out-coupling region, so as to improve the light efficiency and enhance the imaging effect.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为实现上述技术目标，本发明第一方面提供了一种光波导镜片，其能够将部分背离耦出区域传播的衍射光线反射回耦入区域，从而提升光效率、增强成 像效果。本发明的详细技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides an optical waveguide lens, which can reflect part of the diffracted light propagating away from the coupling-out area back to the coupling-in area, thereby improving light efficiency and enhancing imaging effects. The detailed technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种光波导镜片，其包括：An optical waveguide lens, which includes:
波导；waveguide;
位于波导上表面或下表面的具有光学衍射功能的功能性区域，所述功能性区域包括入射功能性区域、转折功能性区域及出射功能性区域，其中：A functional area with optical diffraction function located on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide. The functional area includes an incident functional area, a turning functional area, and an outgoing functional area, wherein:
所述入射功能性区域内设置有第一二维阵列结构，所述第一二维阵列结构被配置为将光线耦入至所述波导内，被耦入至所述波导内的光线中，部分光线沿第一方向朝向所述出射功能性区域传播，部分光线沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播；A first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide, to be coupled into the light in the waveguide, part of The light rays propagate toward the exit functional area in the first direction, and part of the light rays propagate toward the turning functional area in the second direction;
所述转折功能性区域内设置有一维光栅，所述一维光栅被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线反射回所述入射功能性区域；A one-dimensional grating is arranged in the turning functional area, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area back to the incident functional area;
所述出射功能性区域内设置有第二二维阵列结构，所述第二二维阵列结构被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线耦合出波导。A second two-dimensional array structure is provided in the exit functional area, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area out of the waveguide.
在一些实施例中，所述转折功能性区域包括对称设置于所述入射功能性区域两侧的第一转折功能性区域和第二转折功能性区域。In some embodiments, the turning functional area includes a first turning functional area and a second turning functional area symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area.
在一些实施例中，所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线与设置于所述转折功能性区域内的所述一维光栅之间满足Littrow条件。所述一维光栅为全息光栅、闪耀光栅或矩形光栅。In some embodiments, a Littrow condition is satisfied between the light propagating toward the turning functional area in the second direction and the one-dimensional grating disposed in the turning functional area. The one-dimensional grating is a holographic grating, a blazed grating or a rectangular grating.
在一些实施例中，所述一维光栅为闪耀光栅，所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线的入射角与所述闪耀光栅的闪烁角相匹配。In some embodiments, the one-dimensional grating is a blazed grating, and the incident angle of the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area matches the scintillation angle of the blazed grating.
在一些实施例中，所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构包括圆柱阵列结构、矩形柱阵列结构及楔形柱阵列结构。In some embodiments, the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure include a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, and a wedge-shaped column array structure.
在一些实施例中，所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构经两次叠加曝光形成，所述两次叠加曝光为：In some embodiments, the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by two superimposed exposures, and the two superimposed exposures are:
固定曝光光源与波导位置，完成第一次曝光，获得一维光栅结构；Fix the position of the exposure light source and the waveguide, complete the first exposure, and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure;
曝光光源保持不动，波导沿中心旋转预定角度，完成第二次曝光，获得二维阵列结构；The exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure;
所述曝光光源由两束平面光束构成，两束平面光束形成一曝光干涉面。The exposure light source is composed of two plane light beams, and the two plane light beams form an exposure interference surface.
在一些实施例中，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域隔开设置。In some embodiments, the incident functional area and the exit functional area are separated from each other.
在一些实施例中，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域一体成型。In some embodiments, the incident functional area and the exit functional area are integrally formed.
在一些实施例中，所述波导的折射率大于1.4，厚度不超过2mm。In some embodiments, the refractive index of the waveguide is greater than 1.4, and the thickness does not exceed 2 mm.
在一些实施例中，所述第一二维阵列结构、所述第二二维阵列结构为结构相同的二维阵列结构，所述二维阵列结构的光栅周期为200nm～600nm，光栅深度为50nm～600nm，所述二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向之间的夹角为90°～160°。In some embodiments, the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are two-dimensional array structures with the same structure, the grating period of the two-dimensional array structure is 200 nm to 600 nm, and the grating depth is 50 nm ~600nm, the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the two-dimensional array structure is 90°-160°.
本发明第二方面提供了一种增强现实显示装置，其包括：The second aspect of the present invention provides an augmented reality display device, which includes:
微投影装置，用于产生图像光；Micro-projection device for generating image light;
光波导镜片，所述光波导镜片为本发明的第一方面任一项所述的光波导镜片。An optical waveguide lens, which is the optical waveguide lens according to any one of the first aspect of the present invention.
与现有技术相比，本发明通过设置转折功能性区域，能够将部分背离耦出区域传播的衍射光线反射回耦入区域，从而提升光效率、提升成像效果。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can reflect the diffracted light partially propagating away from the coupling-out area back to the coupling-in area by setting the turning functional area, thereby improving the light efficiency and the imaging effect.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的光波导镜片的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical waveguide lens of the present invention;
图2为本发明的光波导镜片的光路示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the optical waveguide lens of the present invention;
图3为光线在入射功能性区域的光路示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of light incident on the functional area;
图4为光线在转折功能性区域的光路示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the light path of the light in the turning functional area;
图5为本发明中的二维阵列结构的光栅取向图。Fig. 5 is a grating orientation diagram of the two-dimensional array structure in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的抬头显示系统及汽车的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如下:In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the specific implementation, structure, features, and Efficacy, detailed as follows:
有关本发明的前述及其它技术内容、特点及功效，在以下配合参考图式的较佳实施例的详细说明中将可清楚呈现。通过具体实施方式的说明，当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具体的了解，然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。The foregoing and other technical content, features, and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Through the description of the specific embodiments, the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose can be understood more deeply and concretely. However, the accompanying drawings are only for reference and explanation, and are not used to describe the present invention. limit.
图1为本发明的光波导镜片的结构示意图，该光波导镜片用作增强现实显示装置的显示屏。如图1所示，该光波导镜片包括：FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical waveguide lens of the present invention, which is used as a display screen of an augmented reality display device. As shown in Figure 1, the optical waveguide lens includes:
波导1；Waveguide 1
位于波导1上表面或下表面的具有光学衍射功能的功能性区域，如图1所示，如果定义图像光入射及出射的一面为上表面，则图1实施例中，各功能性区域均设置在波导1的上表面。The functional areas with optical diffraction function located on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide 1, as shown in Figure 1, if the side where the image light enters and exits is defined as the upper surface, then in the embodiment of Figure 1, each functional area is set On the upper surface of the waveguide 1.
功能性区域包括入射功能性区域2、转折功能性区域4及出射功能性区域3，其中：The functional area includes the incident functional area 2, the turning functional area 4, and the exit functional area 3. Among them:
入射功能性区域内设置有第一二维阵列结构，第一二维阵列结构被配置为将光线耦入至波导1内。被耦入至波导1内的光线中，部分光线沿第一方向朝向出射功能性区域3传播，部分光线沿第二方向朝向转折功能性区域4传播。A first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide 1. Among the light coupled into the waveguide 1, part of the light propagates toward the exit functional area 3 in the first direction, and part of the light propagates toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction.
转折功能性区域4内设置有一维光栅，一维光栅被配置为将沿第二方向朝向转折功能性区域4传播的光线反射回入射功能性区域3内。A one-dimensional grating is provided in the turning functional area 4, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area 4 back into the incident functional area 3.
出射功能性区域3内设置有第二二维阵列结构，第二二维阵列结构被配置为将沿第二方向朝向转折功能性区域4传播的光线耦合出波导1。The exit functional area 3 is provided with a second two-dimensional array structure, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area 4 out of the waveguide 1.
下文将对本发明的多向衍射扩展光波导镜片的光学原理进行介绍，在此之间，我们定义如下坐标轴：The following will introduce the optical principle of the multi-directional diffraction extended optical waveguide lens of the present invention. In between, we define the following coordinate axes:
X轴：波导1的宽度方向，同时也是用户的双眼连线方向；X axis: the width direction of the waveguide 1, which is also the connection direction of the user's eyes;
Y轴：波导1的高度方向，同时也是用户的鼻梁的延伸方向；Y axis: the height direction of the waveguide 1, and also the extension direction of the user's nose bridge;
Z轴：与X轴、Y轴限定的X—Y平面垂直(或正交)的方向。Z axis: the direction perpendicular (or orthogonal) to the X-Y plane defined by the X axis and the Y axis.
可见，本发明中的入射功能性区域2、转折功能性区域4及出射功能性区域3位于X—Y平面上。It can be seen that the incident functional area 2, the turning functional area 4, and the outgoing functional area 3 in the present invention are located on the X-Y plane.
本发明中入射功能性区域2和出射功能性区域3内的衍射结构均为二维阵列结构。In the present invention, the diffractive structures in the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 are both two-dimensional array structures.
如图2和图3所示，微投影装置发出的图像光入射光线沿Z轴入射至入射功能性区域2时，图像光与入射功能性区域2内的第一二维阵列结构产生交互形成多路1级和-1级衍射光，其中：满足波导1的全反射条件的衍射光以全反射形态在波导1内传导，全反射过程中，光线反复多次回到波导1内并与第一二维阵列结构产生新的交互，每次交互过程均形成多路的衍射光，其中：部分光线形成反射式衍射，同时改变了方位角，沿第一方向(朝向出射功能性区域3的方向)朝向出射功能性区域3传导，部分光线则继续沿原方向以全反射角传导。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the image light incident light emitted by the micro-projection device enters the incident functional area 2 along the Z axis, the image light interacts with the first two-dimensional array structure in the incident functional area 2 to form a more 1st order and -1st order diffracted light, among them: the diffracted light that satisfies the total reflection condition of the waveguide 1 is conducted in the waveguide 1 in the form of total reflection. The three-dimensional array structure generates new interactions. Each interaction process forms multiple diffracted lights, among which: part of the light forms reflective diffraction, while changing the azimuth angle, facing in the first direction (toward the direction of exiting functional area 3) The exit functional area 3 is conducted, and part of the light continues to be conducted along the original direction at a total reflection angle.
此外，每次交互过程中，还有部分衍射光沿第二方向(远离出射功能性区域3)朝向转折功能性区域4传播。该部分光线入射至转折功能性区域4后，与转折功能性区域4内的一维光栅交互后产生180°偏转从而返回至入射功能性区域2内。该过程至少能够实现如下技术效果：将背离出射功能性区域3传播的衍射光线反射回入射功能性区域2内，从而增加了进入至出射功能性区域3的光线的总量，降低图像光的损耗，提升了光效率，最终增强成像效果。In addition, during each interaction, part of the diffracted light propagates toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction (away from the exiting functional area 3). After this part of the light enters the turning functional area 4, it interacts with the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 and is deflected by 180° to return to the incident functional area 2. This process can at least achieve the following technical effects: the diffracted light propagating away from the exit functional area 3 is reflected back into the incident functional area 2, thereby increasing the total amount of light entering the exit functional area 3 and reducing the loss of image light , Improve the light efficiency, and ultimately enhance the imaging effect.
为了实现入射至转折功能性区域4后的光线能够最大程度地返回至入射功能性区域2，以进一步提升光效率。如图4所示，可以通过对转折功能性区域4内的一维光栅的光栅结构进行适应性设置，使得入射至一维光栅的光线与该一维光栅之间满足Littrow(利特罗)条件，即：入射光与经一维光栅衍射生成的一级衍射光处于自准直状态，从而实现：一级衍射光能够沿着入射光的入射路径偏转180°后原路返回至入射功能性区域2内。In order to realize that the light incident to the turning functional area 4 can return to the incident functional area 2 to the greatest extent, so as to further improve the light efficiency. As shown in Figure 4, the grating structure of the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 can be set adaptively, so that the light incident on the one-dimensional grating and the one-dimensional grating meet the Littrow condition , That is: the incident light and the first-order diffracted light generated by the one-dimensional grating are in a self-collimating state, so as to realize: the first-order diffracted light can be deflected by 180° along the incident path of the incident light and then return to the incident functional area. 2 within.
Littrow条件为本领域一般技术人员所熟知，其可由下述公式表征：The Littrow condition is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and it can be characterized by the following formula:
θ 1＝sin -1(λ/(2*Λ))，其中：λ为入射光线的波长，Λ为光栅周期，θ 1为入射光线的入射角。 θ 1 =sin -1 (λ/(2*Λ)), where: λ is the wavelength of the incident light, Λ is the grating period, and θ 1 is the incident angle of the incident light.
因此，本发明实施例中，只需要根据入射至转折功能性区域4后的光线的波长及入射角对一维光栅的光栅结构进行适应性设置，即能实现入射至转折功能性区域4的光线与一维光栅之间满足Littrow(利特罗)条件。Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is only necessary to adapt the grating structure of the one-dimensional grating according to the wavelength and incident angle of the light incident on the turning functional area 4, that is, the light incident to the turning functional area 4 can be realized. It satisfies the Littrow condition with the one-dimensional grating.
一维光栅可以为全息光栅、闪耀光栅或矩形光栅。作为一种可选的解决方案，转折功能性区域4内的一维光栅设置为闪耀光栅，沿第二方向朝向转折功能性区域4传播的光线的入射角与该闪耀光栅的闪耀角相匹配。The one-dimensional grating can be a holographic grating, a blazed grating or a rectangular grating. As an optional solution, the one-dimensional grating in the turning functional area 4 is set as a blazed grating, and the incident angle of the light propagating toward the turning functional area 4 in the second direction matches the blaze angle of the blazed grating.
继续参考图1和图2所示，为了尽量可能多地捕捉到背离出射功能性区域3的衍射光线。优选的，转折功能性区域4包括对称设置于入射功能性区域2两侧的第一转折功能性区域41和第二转折功能性区域42。Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in order to capture as many diffracted light rays deviating from the exiting functional area 3 as possible. Preferably, the turning functional area 4 includes a first turning functional area 41 and a second turning functional area 42 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area 2.
自入射功能性区域2传导来的图像光沿波导1到达出射功能性区域3时，光线与出射功能性区域3内的第二二维阵列结构产生交互，并形成多个方向的衍射光，其中：部分衍射光沿Z轴被衍射出出射功能性区域3并被观察到，部分衍射光以全反射形态在波导1内传导，全反射过程中，光线反复多次回到出射功能性区域3内，并与第二二维阵列结构产生新的交互，每次交互过程均形 成多个方向的衍射光，其中的部分光线沿Z轴被衍射出出射功能性区域3并被观察到，部分光线则继续传播扩展。When the image light conducted from the incident functional area 2 reaches the outgoing functional area 3 along the waveguide 1, the light interacts with the second two-dimensional array structure in the outgoing functional area 3 and forms diffracted light in multiple directions. : Part of the diffracted light is diffracted along the Z axis out of the exit functional area 3 and observed, and part of the diffracted light is transmitted in the waveguide 1 in the form of total reflection. In the process of total reflection, the light repeatedly returns to the exit functional area 3, It also creates a new interaction with the second two-dimensional array structure. Each interaction process forms diffracted light in multiple directions. Part of the light is diffracted along the Z axis and exits the functional area 3 and is observed, while part of the light continues. Spread and expand.
可见，通过与第二二维阵列结构的交互，自入射功能性区域2传导过来的图像光不仅能够被耦合出波导1以实现成像，此外，在与第二二维阵列结构的多次交互过程中，图像光能够实现扩展、拉伸，以进一步扩大视场图像及可视区域。It can be seen that through the interaction with the second two-dimensional array structure, the image light transmitted from the incident functional area 2 can not only be coupled out of the waveguide 1 to achieve imaging, but also during multiple interactions with the second two-dimensional array structure. , The image light can be expanded and stretched to further expand the field of view image and visible area.
由于，在发明中，出射功能性区域3内的第二二维阵列结构的各个交互点均能耦出图像光线，因此，人眼在整个出射功能性区域3内均能看到清晰的图像。Since, in the invention, each interaction point of the second two-dimensional array structure in the exit functional area 3 can couple out image light, the human eye can see a clear image in the entire exit functional area 3.
如本领域一般技术人员所熟知，现阶段，一般采用干涉曝光工艺在波导上制备各种一维光栅、二维阵列光栅。在一些实施例中，本发明中的第一二维阵列结构及第二二维阵列结构均经两次单光束组叠加曝光形成，每次单光束组曝光均对应形成一组结构。具体的，两次单光束组叠加曝光为：As is well known by those skilled in the art, at this stage, various one-dimensional gratings and two-dimensional array gratings are generally prepared on the waveguide by the interference exposure process. In some embodiments, the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure in the present invention are both formed by two single-beam group superimposed exposures, and each single-beam group exposure corresponds to a group of structures. Specifically, the two single-beam group superimposed exposures are:
固定曝光光源与波导位置，完成第一次曝光，获得一维光栅结构；Fix the position of the exposure light source and the waveguide, complete the first exposure, and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure;
曝光光源保持不动，波导沿中心旋转预定角度，完成第二次曝光，获得二维阵列结构；The exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure;
所述曝光光源由两束平面波构成，两束平面波形成一曝光干涉面。The exposure light source is composed of two plane waves, and the two plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
其中：波导沿中心旋转的预定角度的大小与最终形成的二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向的夹角相对应。如所要形成的二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向的目标取向夹角为90°时，则该预定角度为90°。Wherein: the predetermined angle of the waveguide rotating along the center corresponds to the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the final two-dimensional array structure. For example, when the target orientation included angle of the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional array structure to be formed is 90°, the predetermined angle is 90°.
在另外一些实施里中，为了提高生产效率，第一二维阵列结构和第二二维阵列结构均经一次曝光形成。在这些实施例中，曝光光源由四束平面波构成，四束平面波中，每两束平面波形成一曝光干涉面，两个曝光干涉面的取向相互间形成预定角度。In some other implementations, in order to improve production efficiency, both the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by one exposure. In these embodiments, the exposure light source is composed of four plane waves. Among the four plane waves, every two plane waves form an exposure interference surface, and the orientation of the two exposure interference surfaces forms a predetermined angle with each other.
在一些实施例中，第一二维阵列结构和第二二维阵列结构的结构完全相同，其光栅周期为200nm～600nm，光栅深度为50nm～600nm。第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构可以是圆柱阵列结构、矩形柱阵列结构、楔形柱阵列结构等。In some embodiments, the structures of the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are completely the same, the grating period is 200 nm to 600 nm, and the grating depth is 50 nm to 600 nm. The first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure may be a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, a wedge-shaped column array structure, or the like.
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向之间的夹角a 为90°～160°。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the angle a between the orientations of the two gratings of the two-dimensional array structure is 90°-160°.
由于本发明的一些实施例中，第一二维阵列结构和第二二维阵列结构的结构设置为完全相同，因此，为了提高生产效率，可以将入射功能性区域2和出射功能性区域3无区别地一次性成型。Since in some embodiments of the present invention, the structures of the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are set to be completely the same, in order to improve production efficiency, the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 may be set to be completely the same. Differentiately molded at one time.
当然，也可以将入射功能性区域2和出射功能性区域3隔开设置。即入射功能性区域2和出射功能性区域3中间有一段光滑的波导，其上无任何衍射阵列结构。如此设置可以提高人眼观看区域的光学效率，避免不必要的衍射衰减。Of course, the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 may also be separated from each other. That is, there is a smooth waveguide between the incident functional area 2 and the outgoing functional area 3 without any diffractive array structure. Such a setting can improve the optical efficiency of the viewing area of the human eye and avoid unnecessary diffraction attenuation.
进一步的，本发明的一些实施例中，波导1的为具有高透过率的、折射率大于1.4、厚度不超出2mm的玻璃波导。Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the waveguide 1 is a glass waveguide with high transmittance, a refractive index greater than 1.4, and a thickness not exceeding 2 mm.
本发明还提供了一种增强现实显示装置，其包括：微投影装置，用于产生图像光；光波导镜片，该光波导镜片采用本发明上述任一实施例提供的光波导镜片。The present invention also provides an augmented reality display device, which includes: a micro-projection device for generating image light; and an optical waveguide lens, which adopts the optical waveguide lens provided by any one of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention.
上文对本发明进行了足够详细的具有一定特殊性的描述。所属领域内的普通技术人员应该理解，实施例中的描述仅仅是示例性的，在不偏离本发明的真实精神和范围的前提下做出所有改变都应该属于本发明的保护范围。本发明所要求保护的范围是由所述的权利要求书进行限定的，而不是由实施例中的上述描述来限定的。The present invention has been described in sufficient detail with a certain degree of particularity. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the description in the embodiments is only exemplary, and all changes made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the claims, rather than the above description in the embodiments.

Claims (19)

  1. 一种光波导镜片，其特征在于，其包括：An optical waveguide lens, characterized in that it comprises:
    波导；waveguide;
    位于波导上表面或下表面的具有光学衍射功能的功能性区域，所述功能性区域包括入射功能性区域、转折功能性区域及出射功能性区域，其中：A functional area with optical diffraction function located on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide. The functional area includes an incident functional area, a turning functional area, and an outgoing functional area, wherein:
    所述入射功能性区域内设置有第一二维阵列结构，所述第一二维阵列结构被配置为将光线耦入至所述波导内，被耦入至所述波导内的光线中：部分光线沿第一方向朝向所述出射功能性区域传播，部分光线沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播；A first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide, and to be coupled into the light in the waveguide: part of The light rays propagate toward the exit functional area in the first direction, and part of the light rays propagate toward the turning functional area in the second direction;
    所述转折功能性区域内设置有一维光栅，所述一维光栅被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线反射回所述入射功能性区域；A one-dimensional grating is arranged in the turning functional area, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area back to the incident functional area;
    所述出射功能性区域内设置有第二二维阵列结构，所述第二二维阵列结构被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线耦合出波导。A second two-dimensional array structure is provided in the exit functional area, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area out of the waveguide.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述转折功能性区域包括对称设置于所述入射功能性区域两侧的第一转折功能性区域和第二转折功能性区域。The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the turning functional area includes a first turning functional area and a second turning functional area symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线与设置于所述转折功能性区域内的所述一维光栅之间满足Littrow条件。The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the light rays propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area meets the requirements between the one-dimensional grating arranged in the turning functional area Littrow conditions.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述一维光栅为全息光栅、闪耀光栅或矩形光栅。The optical waveguide lens of claim 3, wherein the one-dimensional grating is a holographic grating, a blazed grating or a rectangular grating.
  5. 如权利要求3所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述一维光栅为闪耀光栅，所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线与所述闪耀光栅的光栅面法线之间的夹角等于所述闪耀光栅的闪耀角。The optical waveguide lens according to claim 3, wherein the one-dimensional grating is a blazed grating, and the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area is consistent with the grating surface normal of the blazed grating. The included angle between is equal to the blaze angle of the blazed grating.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构包括圆柱阵列结构、矩形柱阵列结构及楔形柱阵列结构。8. The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure comprise a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, and a wedge-shaped column array structure.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构经两次叠加曝光形成，所述两次叠加曝光为：The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by two superimposed exposures, and the two superimposed exposures are:
    固定曝光光源与波导位置，完成第一次曝光，获得一维光栅结构；Fix the position of the exposure light source and the waveguide, complete the first exposure, and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure;
    曝光光源保持不动，波导沿中心旋转预定角度，完成第二次曝光，获得二维阵列结构；The exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure;
    所述曝光光源由两束平面波构成，两束平面波形成一曝光干涉面。The exposure light source is composed of two plane waves, and the two plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域隔开设置。The optical waveguide lens according to claim 1, wherein the incident functional area and the outgoing functional area are spaced apart.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域一体成型。The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the incident functional area and the exit functional area are integrally formed.
  10. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述波导的折射率大于1.4，厚度不超过2mm。The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the waveguide is greater than 1.4, and the thickness does not exceed 2 mm.
  11. 如权利要求1所述的光波导镜片，其特征在于，所述第一二维阵列结构、所述第二二维阵列结构为结构相同的二维阵列结构，所述二维阵列结构的光栅周期为200nm～600nm，光栅深度为50nm～600nm，所述二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向之间的夹角为90°～160°。The optical waveguide lens of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are two-dimensional array structures with the same structure, and the grating period of the two-dimensional array structure It is 200 nm to 600 nm, the grating depth is 50 nm to 600 nm, and the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the two-dimensional array structure is 90° to 160°.
  12. 一种增强现实显示装置，其特征在于：其包括：An augmented reality display device is characterized in that it comprises:
    微投影装置，用于产生图像光；Micro-projection device for generating image light;
    光波导镜片，其包括：波导和位于波导上表面或下表面的具有光学衍射功能的功能性区域，An optical waveguide lens, which includes a waveguide and a functional area with optical diffraction function located on the upper or lower surface of the waveguide,
    所述功能性区域包括入射功能性区域、转折功能性区域及出射功能性区域，其中：The functional area includes an incident functional area, a turning functional area, and an exit functional area, wherein:
    所述入射功能性区域内设置有第一二维阵列结构，所述第一二维阵列结构被配置为将光线耦入至所述波导内，被耦入至所述波导内的光线中：部分光线沿第一方向朝向所述出射功能性区域传播，部分光线沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播；A first two-dimensional array structure is provided in the incident functional area, and the first two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple light into the waveguide, and to be coupled into the light in the waveguide: part of The light rays propagate toward the exit functional area in the first direction, and part of the light rays propagate toward the turning functional area in the second direction;
    所述转折功能性区域内设置有一维光栅，所述一维光栅被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线反射回所述入射功能性区域；A one-dimensional grating is arranged in the turning functional area, and the one-dimensional grating is configured to reflect the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area back to the incident functional area;
    所述出射功能性区域内设置有第二二维阵列结构，所述第二二维阵列结构 被配置为将所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线耦合出波导。A second two-dimensional array structure is provided in the exit functional area, and the second two-dimensional array structure is configured to couple the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area out of the waveguide.
  13. 如权利要求12所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述转折功能性区域包括对称设置于所述入射功能性区域两侧的第一转折功能性区域和第二转折功能性区域，The augmented reality display device according to claim 12, wherein the turning functional area comprises a first turning functional area and a second turning functional area symmetrically arranged on both sides of the incident functional area,
    所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线与设置于所述转折功能性区域内的所述一维光栅之间满足Littrow条件。The distance between the light propagating toward the turning functional area in the second direction and the one-dimensional grating disposed in the turning functional area satisfies the Littrow condition.
  14. 如权利要求13所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述一维光栅为全息光栅、闪耀光栅或矩形光栅。The augmented reality display device of claim 13, wherein the one-dimensional grating is a holographic grating, a blazed grating, or a rectangular grating.
  15. 如权利要求13所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述一维光栅为闪耀光栅，所述沿第二方向朝向所述转折功能性区域传播的光线与所述闪耀光栅的光栅面法线之间的夹角等于所述闪耀光栅的闪耀角。The augmented reality display device according to claim 13, wherein the one-dimensional grating is a blazed grating, and the light propagating in the second direction toward the turning functional area and the grating surface method of the blazed grating The angle between the lines is equal to the blaze angle of the blazed grating.
  16. 如权利要求12所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构包括圆柱阵列结构、矩形柱阵列结构及楔形柱阵列结构，The augmented reality display device of claim 12, wherein the first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure comprise a cylindrical array structure, a rectangular column array structure, and a wedge-shaped column array structure,
    所述第一二维阵列结构和所述第二二维阵列结构经两次叠加曝光形成，所述两次叠加曝光为：The first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are formed by two superimposed exposures, and the two superimposed exposures are:
    固定曝光光源与波导位置，完成第一次曝光，获得一维光栅结构；Fix the position of the exposure light source and the waveguide, complete the first exposure, and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure;
    曝光光源保持不动，波导沿中心旋转预定角度，完成第二次曝光，获得二维阵列结构；The exposure light source remains stationary, and the waveguide rotates a predetermined angle along the center to complete the second exposure to obtain a two-dimensional array structure;
    所述曝光光源由两束平面波构成，两束平面波形成一曝光干涉面。The exposure light source is composed of two plane waves, and the two plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
  17. 如权利要求12所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域隔开设置。The augmented reality display device according to claim 12, wherein the incident functional area and the outgoing functional area are provided separately.
  18. 如权利要求12所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述入射功能性区域和所述出射功能性区域一体成型。The augmented reality display device of claim 12, wherein the incident functional area and the exit functional area are integrally formed.
  19. 如权利要求12所述的增强现实显示装置，其特征在于，所述波导的折射率大于1.4，厚度不超过2mm，The augmented reality display device according to claim 12, wherein the refractive index of the waveguide is greater than 1.4, and the thickness does not exceed 2 mm,
    所述第一二维阵列结构、所述第二二维阵列结构为结构相同的二维阵列结构，所述二维阵列结构的光栅周期为200nm～600nm，光栅深度为50nm～600nm，所述二维阵列结构的两个光栅取向之间的夹角为90°～160°。The first two-dimensional array structure and the second two-dimensional array structure are two-dimensional array structures with the same structure, the grating period of the two-dimensional array structure is 200 nm to 600 nm, the grating depth is 50 nm to 600 nm, and the two The angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the dimensional array structure is 90°-160°.
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