WO2021168990A1 - 一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线及天线阵 - Google Patents

一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线及天线阵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021168990A1
WO2021168990A1 PCT/CN2020/082770 CN2020082770W WO2021168990A1 WO 2021168990 A1 WO2021168990 A1 WO 2021168990A1 CN 2020082770 W CN2020082770 W CN 2020082770W WO 2021168990 A1 WO2021168990 A1 WO 2021168990A1
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Prior art keywords
solar cell
polarized
antenna
vibrator
metal
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PCT/CN2020/082770
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈谦
李子超
万应禄
戴跃飞
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中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所
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Publication of WO2021168990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021168990A1/zh
Priority to US17/819,951 priority Critical patent/US11670874B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/22—RF wavebands combined with non-RF wavebands, e.g. infrared or optical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/142—Energy conversion devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/06—Coaxial lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of antenna equipment, in particular to a broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna and an antenna array.
  • solar cells are widely used in solar power stations, rooftop power generation arrays, solar street lights, solar planes, ships, automobiles, etc. as light energy to electrical energy conversion devices.
  • Antennas are widely used in various communication equipment, electromagnetic detection equipment, etc. as electromagnetic transceivers. Both the array antenna and the solar cell require a certain aperture area to provide effective gain and collect sunlight.
  • the solar cell and antenna array are integrated to design a new device with antenna and solar cell functions.
  • the solar cell generates electricity It can be distributed directly for the antenna system. Compared with the external centralized power supply, the power supply line is obviously shortened and the transmission loss is reduced.
  • the creator of the present invention finally obtained the present invention after a long period of research and practice.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna, which includes an antenna element layer, an isolation layer, a solar cell layer, and an antenna base arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
  • the antenna element layer is connected to the antenna base and the coaxial radio frequency connector through a metal column feeding structure, the solar cell layer is arranged on the antenna base, and the isolation layer is arranged on the antenna element layer and the coaxial radio frequency connector.
  • the isolation layer is made of a transparent material.
  • the antenna element layer includes a dual-polarization element, a parasitic patch, and a substrate.
  • the dual-polarization element is provided on the upper surface of the substrate, and the parasitic patch is provided on the lower surface of the substrate.
  • the substrate is made of transparent material.
  • the dual-polarized vibrator is arranged in a "hollowed bow-tie" shape, and includes a vertically polarized vibrator and a horizontally polarized vibrator, and the vertical polarized vibrator and the horizontally polarized vibrator are arranged in an L-shaped orthogonal arrangement;
  • the vertically polarized vibrator and the horizontally polarized vibrator are connected to the antenna base through the metal column feeding structure, and the parasitic patch is arranged at the vertical foot position of the vertically polarized vibrator and the horizontally polarized vibrator Directly below.
  • the parasitic patch is configured as a metal ring with a cross structure inside.
  • the vertically polarized vibrator and the horizontally polarized vibrator are linearly polarized structures, both of which are surrounded by multiple metal wire segments to form a closed bow-tie-shaped ring, and both include a first vibrator part and a second vibrator part that are symmetrically arranged, The first vibrator portion and the second vibrator portion are not connected; the first vibrator portion and the second vibrator portion are hollow inside, and are disposed opposite to each other between the first vibrator portion and the second vibrator portion Both ends are provided with metal parts for connecting the metal column feeding structure.
  • the metal pillar feeding structure includes a grounded metal pillar and a feeding metal pillar, the grounding metal pillar and the feeding metal pillar are both arranged perpendicular to the antenna base, and the grounding metal pillar is arranged as a cylinder.
  • the feeding metal column is a cylinder, the upper end of the grounding metal column is provided with a grounding welding needle, the upper end of the feeding metal column is provided with a feeding welding needle, the grounding welding needle, the feeding welding needle Connected to the dual polarized vibrator.
  • the grounding welding needle and the feeding welding needle are both cylindrical, the diameter of the feeding welding needle is not greater than the diameter of the feeding metal column, and the diameter of the grounding welding needle is smaller than the diameter of the grounding welding needle.
  • the side length or diameter of the metal pillar, and the height of the grounding solder pin and the power feeding solder pin is greater than the thickness of the substrate.
  • the lower end of the grounded metal post is connected to the antenna base, the lower end of the feed metal post is connected to the positive electrode of the coaxial radio frequency connector, and the coaxial radio frequency connector is arranged in the antenna base A cylindrical air feed hole is provided between the coaxial radio frequency connector and the upper surface of the antenna base.
  • the solar cell sheet layer includes a solar cell sheet and an insulating film, the solar cell sheet is isolated from the antenna base by the insulating film, and the solar cell sheet and the insulating film are connected to the feeder.
  • Circular holes are provided at the positions of the electrical metal pillars and the grounded metal pillars.
  • an antenna array is formed by a plurality of the dual-polarized solar cell antennas in a square grid array; the vertically polarized elements and the horizontally polarized elements are arranged periodically, and the antenna array
  • a number of parasitic vibrators are arranged on the four sides of the periphery, and the outer ends of the parasitic vibrators are connected to the parasitic grounded metal pillars.
  • the present invention has low shading, high transparency, and has broadband dual-polarization and large-angle scanning capabilities, which not only ensures the performance of the antenna, but also ensures the power generation efficiency of the solar cell. It has a high engineering application value; 2.
  • the present invention takes into account the performance of the antenna and the solar cell. It adopts the shape of a "hollow bow tie" vibrator, so that the antenna has a wide working bandwidth and good light transmittance.
  • the side-by-side grounding metal column and the feeding metal column feeding structure not only ensure the antenna's broadband feeding, the vertical feeding column also reduces the shading, and the metal column can also play a role in supporting the antenna oscillator;
  • 3 The broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna, the solar battery power can be used for the antenna system, can be applied to solar street lights, rooftop solar panels, satellite solar panels and other scenarios, because of its wide-band dual-polarization ability to work, especially It is suitable for 5G low-frequency sub-6GHz transmitting and receiving terminal equipment, such as 5G car networking, 5G transmitting and receiving base station, with high creativity.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the structure of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna
  • Figure 3 is a side sectional view of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the structure of the antenna array
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the structure of the antenna array
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structural positions of the adjacent dual-polarized solar cell antennas.
  • 1-Dual-polarized vibrator 2-parasitic patch; 3-substrate; 4-isolation layer; 5-solar cell; 6-insulating film; 7-antenna base; 8-coaxial RF connector; 9-ground metal Post; 10-feed metal post; 11-feed solder pin; 12-ground solder pin; 13-air feed hole; 14-round hole; 15-first solar cell lead; 16-second solar cell lead; 20-vertical polarized vibrator; 21-horizontal polarized vibrator; 22-parasitic vibrator; 23-parasitic grounded metal pillar.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the structure of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna
  • the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna includes an antenna element layer, an isolation layer 4, a solar cell sheet layer, and an antenna base 7 arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the antenna element layer is connected to the antenna base 7 and the coaxial radio frequency connector 8 through a metal pillar feeding structure, the solar cell layer is arranged on the antenna base 7, and the isolation layer 4 is arranged on the Between the antenna element layer and the solar cell sheet layer.
  • the antenna element layer includes a dual-polarization element 1, a parasitic patch 2, a substrate 3.
  • the dual-polarization element 1 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 3, and the parasitic patch 2 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 3. lower surface.
  • the dual-polarized vibrator 1 is arranged in a "hollow-out bow tie" shape, and includes a vertically polarized vibrator 20 and a horizontally polarized vibrator 21, and the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and the horizontally polarized vibrator 21 are arranged orthogonally in an L-shape.
  • the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and the horizontally polarized vibrator 21 are connected to the antenna base 7 through the metal column feeding structure.
  • the substrate 3 is provided with a transparent medium.
  • materials such as transparent glass and transparent resin can be used, and materials with high light transmittance are preferred to reduce the impact on the lighting of the solar cell.
  • the dual polarized vibrator 1 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 3, the parasitic patch 2 is provided on the lower surface of the substrate 3, and the parasitic patch 2 is provided on the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and The horizontally polarized vibrator 21 hangs directly below the foot position.
  • the parasitic patch 2 is set as a metal ring with a cross structure inside, and the metal pattern of the parasitic patch 2 is used to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, and the pattern structure occupies a small area and can reduce light blocking .
  • the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and the horizontally polarized vibrator 21 are linearly polarized structures, both of which are surrounded by multiple metal wire segments to form a closed bow-tie-shaped ring, and both include a symmetrically arranged first vibrator part and a second vibrator Part, the first vibrator part and the second vibrator part are not connected, and there is a certain gap.
  • the first vibrator part and the second vibrator part are hollow inside, and a small piece of metal pattern is reserved at the opposite ends of the first vibrator part and the second vibrator part for connecting the The metal column feed structure.
  • the dual-polarized vibrator 1 in the shape of a "hollow bow tie" is mainly used to reduce the area of the vibrator pattern and reduce the light shielding of the solar cell. At the same time, the structure of the vibrator has a wide working bandwidth.
  • the parasitic patch 2 with the cross structure inside the ring is shared with the adjacent broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna, and the two adjacent broadband dual-polarized solar cell antennas ,
  • the two vertically polarized vibrators 20 and the two horizontally polarized vibrators 21 are crossed, and the parasitic patch 2 is disposed on the two vertically polarized vibrators 20 and the two horizontally polarized vibrators 21 cross. Just below the place.
  • the isolation layer 4 is a transparent medium isolation layer 4, and the isolation layer 4 can be set to be air, glass, transparent resin, etc. Similarly, a material with high light transmittance is preferred. In this embodiment, air is used as the transparent medium isolation layer 4.
  • the solar cell sheet layer includes a solar cell sheet 5 and an insulating film 6, and the solar cell sheet 5 is separated from the antenna base 7 by the insulating film 6.
  • the metal pillar feeding structure includes a grounded metal pillar 9 and a feeding metal pillar 10.
  • the grounding metal pillar 9 and the feeding metal pillar 10 are both arranged perpendicular to the antenna base 7, and the grounding metal pillar 9 is arranged It is a cylinder or a rectangular parallelepiped, the feeding metal column 10 is a cylinder, the upper end of the grounding metal column 9 is provided with a ground welding pin 12, and the upper end of the feeding metal column 10 is provided with a feeding welding pin 11.
  • the grounding welding needle 12 and the feeding welding needle 11 are both cylindrical, the diameter of the feeding welding needle 11 is not greater than the diameter of the feeding metal post 10, and the diameter of the grounding welding needle 12 is smaller than the diameter of the feeding metal post 10.
  • the base 3 is provided with connection holes corresponding to the grounding solder pins 12 and the feeding soldering pins 11, so as to ensure that the ground soldering pins 12 and the feeding soldering pins 11 are connected to the upper surface of the base 3.
  • the dual-polarized vibrator 1 is connected, and the height of the grounding solder pin 12 and the feeding soldering pin 11 is slightly larger than the thickness of the substrate 3, so that the ground soldering pin 12, the feeding soldering pin 11 and the bipolar soldering pin 11 are connected to each other. Chemical vibrator 1 is welded.
  • the lower end of the grounded metal column 9 is connected to the antenna base 7, and the lower end of the feed metal column 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the coaxial radio frequency connector 8, which is arranged on the antenna base In 7, in this embodiment, the probe of the coaxial radio frequency connector 8 is used as the feeding metal post 10, thereby ensuring the continuity of the feeding metal post 10.
  • the grounded metal post 9 and the feed metal post 10 also support the antenna element layer at the same time, thereby ensuring the overall structure of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna.
  • a cylindrical air feed hole 13 with a certain height is arranged between the coaxial radio frequency connector 8 and the upper surface of the antenna base 7, and the feed hole can be used to adjust the antenna feed matching.
  • the air feed hole 13 is used as a feed matching, which can improve the standing wave of the antenna, and the diameter of the air feed hole 13 is small, which is beneficial to the close arrangement of the ground metal post 9 and the feed metal post 10 , Improve the antenna feed performance.
  • the solar cell 5 and the insulating film 6 are provided with circular holes 14 at the positions of the feeding metal pillars 10 and the grounding metal pillars 9 to ensure that the feeding metal pillars 10 and the grounding metal pillars 10
  • the metal pillar 9 is not in contact with the solar cell sheet 5.
  • a rectangular grid-shaped lead is arranged between the plurality of solar cell sheets 5 to communicate and collect electric energy. Specifically, there are electrodes on the upper and lower sides of the solar cell sheet 5, and collecting wires are drawn from the two electrodes, specifically the collecting wires It includes a first solar cell lead 15 and a second solar cell lead 16.
  • the solar cell sheet 5 can be connected to the antenna system through the first solar cell lead 15 and the second solar cell lead 16, so as to realize power supply to the antenna system , To realize the self-powered capability of the broadband dual-polarized solar cell antenna system.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of the antenna array;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the antenna array;
  • Figure 6 is a structural position of the adjacent dual-polarized solar cell antenna Schematic.
  • the antenna array of the present invention is formed by a plurality of dual-polarized solar cell antennas in a square grid array.
  • the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and the horizontally polarized vibrator 21 are periodically arranged, and the metal column feed structure is located in the "hollow-out bow-tie"-shaped middle part of the vertically polarized vibrator 20 and the horizontally polarized vibrator 21 .
  • a number of parasitic oscillators 22 are arranged on the four outer edges of the antenna array, and the outer ends of the parasitic oscillators 22 are connected to the parasitic grounded metal pillars 23.
  • the solar cell sheet 5 is arranged as a whole cell sheet, and the solar cell sheet 5 has electrodes on the upper and lower sides, and collecting wires are drawn from the two electrodes.
  • the dual-polarized dipole 1 antenna of this embodiment is a square grid array, the unit spacing is 26.2 mm, the thickness of the glass substrate 3 is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate air isolation layer 4 is 10.6 mm.
  • This dual-polarized antenna can achieve two-dimensional ⁇ 45° scanning in the 2-6GHz frequency band, and the scanning standing wave is less than 3.
  • the invention takes into account the performance of the antenna and the solar cell, and adopts the shape of the "hollow bow-tie" vibrator, so that the antenna has a wide working bandwidth and good light transmittance. It adopts a vertical parallel grounding metal column 9 and a feeding metal
  • the column 10 feeding structure not only ensures the antenna's broadband feeding, the vertical feeding column also reduces the shading, and the metal column can also play a role in supporting the antenna element.
  • This kind of integrated antenna with integrated solar battery, solar battery power can be used for antenna system, can be applied to solar street lights, rooftop solar panels, satellite solar panels and other scenes, because of its wide-band dual-polarization ability to work, especially suitable for use It is highly creative in 5G low-frequency sub-6GHz transmitting and receiving terminal equipment, such as 5G car networking, 5G transmitting and receiving base station.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线及天线阵，包括由上至下依次设置的天线振子层、隔离层、太阳电池片层、天线底座；所述天线振子层通过金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座和同轴射频连接器连接，所述太阳电池片层设置在所述天线底座上，所述隔离层设置在所述天线振子层和所述太阳电池片层之间，所述隔离层采用透明材料设置；本发明遮光小，透明度高、且具备宽频带双极化大角度扫描能力，既保证了天线的性能，又保证了太阳电池的发电效率，具备较高的工程应用价值。

Description

一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线及天线阵 技术领域
本发明涉及天线设备领域，具体涉及一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线及天线阵。
背景技术
目前，太阳电池作为光能向电能转化装置广泛应用于太阳能发电站、屋顶发电阵列、太阳能路灯、太阳能飞机、轮船、汽车等方面。天线作为电磁收发装置广泛应用于各种通讯设备、电磁探测设备等方面。阵列天线和太阳电池均需要一定的口径面积用于提供有效增益和收集太阳光，将太阳电池和天线阵列一体化设计，从而设计出具备天线和太阳电池功能的新型装置，而且，太阳电池发电电能可以分布式直接供天线系统使用，相比外部集中供电，明显缩短了供电线路，降低了传输损耗。
当前，有一些太阳电池与天线一体化的文献报道，但大部分为单极化天线，工作带宽较窄，天线与太阳电池的相互性能影响较大，难以实现太阳电池与宽频带双极化天线的一体化。
鉴于上述缺陷，本发明创作者经过长时间的研究和实践终于获得了本发明。
发明内容
为解决上述技术缺陷，本发明采用的技术方案在于，提供一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，包括由上至下依次设置的天线振子层、隔离层、太阳电池片层、天线底座；所述天线振子层通过金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座和同轴射频连接器连接，所述太阳电池片层设置在所述天线底座上，所述隔离层设置在所述天线振子层和所述太阳电池片层之间，所述隔离层采用透明材料制作。
较佳的，所述天线振子层包括双极化振子、寄生贴片、基底，所述双极化振子设置在所述基底的上表面，所述寄生贴片设置在所述基底的下表面，所述基底采用透明材料制作。
较佳的，所述双极化振子设置为“镂空蝴蝶结”状，包括垂直极化振子和水平极化振子，所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子呈L型正交设置；所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子通过所述金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座连接，所述寄生贴片设置在所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子垂足位置的正下方。
较佳的，所述寄生贴片设置为金属材质的圆环内套十字结构。
较佳的，所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子为线极化结构，均由多段金属线段围成封闭蝴蝶结状环，均包括对称设置的第一振子部和第二振子部，所述第一振子部和所述第二 振子部不连通；所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部内部中空，且在所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部相对设置的两端设置有用于连接所述金属柱馈电结构的金属部。
较佳的，所述金属柱馈电结构包括接地金属柱和馈电金属柱，所述接地金属柱和所述馈电金属柱均垂直于所述天线底座设置，所述接地金属柱设置为圆柱体或者长方体，所述馈电金属柱为圆柱体，所述接地金属柱上端设置有接地焊针，所述馈电金属柱上端设置有馈电焊针，所述接地焊针、所述馈电焊针与所述双极化振子连接。
较佳的，所述接地焊针和所述馈电焊针均设置为圆柱型，所述馈电焊针的直径不大于所述馈电金属柱的直径，所述接地焊针的直径小于所述接地金属柱的边长或直径，所述接地焊针和所述馈电焊针的高度大于所述基底的厚度。
较佳的，所述接地金属柱下端与所述天线底座相连，所述馈电金属柱下端与所述同轴射频连接器的正极相连，所述同轴射频连接器设置在所述天线底座内，所述同轴射频连接器与所述天线底座上表面之间设置有圆柱空气馈电孔。
较佳的，所述太阳电池片层包括太阳电池片和绝缘薄膜，所述太阳电池片通过所述绝缘薄膜与所述天线底座隔离开，所述太阳电池片及所述绝缘薄膜在所述馈电金属柱和所述接地金属柱的位置处设置有圆形孔。
较佳的，一种天线阵，通过若干所述双极化太阳电池天线按方形栅格阵列形成；所述垂直极化振子与所述水平极化振子周期性排布，在所述天线阵的外围四边设置若干寄生振子，所述寄生振子外侧端点连接寄生接地金属柱。
与现有技术比较本发明的有益效果在于：1，本发明遮光小，透明度高、且具备宽频带双极化大角度扫描能力，既保证了天线的性能，又保证了太阳电池的发电效率，具备较高的工程应用价值；2，本发明较好的兼顾了天线和太阳电池的性能，采用“镂空蝴蝶结”状振子外形，使得天线具备宽的工作带宽，同时具备良好透光性，采用垂直并立的接地金属柱和馈电金属柱馈电结构，不仅保证了天线宽频带馈电、垂直树立的馈电柱也减小了遮光，而且该金属柱还能起到支撑天线振子的作用；3，所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，太阳电池发电能可供天线系统使用，可应用到太阳能路灯、屋顶太阳能板、卫星太阳板等场景，因其具备宽频带双极化工作能力，特别适合用于5G低频sub-6GHz发射及接收终端设备，如5G车联网、5G发射及接收基站，具备很高的创造性。
附图说明
图1为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的结构立体图；
图2为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的结构俯视图；
图3为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的侧视剖面图；
图4为所述天线阵的结构立体图；
图5为所述天线阵的结构俯视图；
图6为相邻所述双极化太阳电池天线的结构位置示意图。
图中数字表示：
1-双极化振子；2-寄生贴片；3-基底；4-隔离层；5-太阳电池片；6-绝缘薄膜；7-天线底座；8-同轴射频连接器；9-接地金属柱；10-馈电金属柱；11-馈电焊针；12-接地焊针；13-空气馈电孔；14-圆形孔；15-第一太阳电池引线；16-第二太阳电池引线；20-垂直极化振子；21-水平极化振子；22-寄生振子；23-寄生接地金属柱。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图，对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
实施例一
如图1、图2、图3所示，图1为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的结构立体图；图2为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的结构俯视图；图3为所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的侧视剖面图。
所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线包括由上至下依次设置的天线振子层、隔离层4、太阳电池片层、天线底座7。所述天线振子层通过金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座7和同轴射频连接器8连接，所述太阳电池片层设置在所述天线底座7上，所述隔离层4设置在所述天线振子层和所述太阳电池片层之间。
所述天线振子层包括双极化振子1、寄生贴片2、基底3，所述双极化振子1设置在所述基底3的上表面，所述寄生贴片2设置在所述基底3的下表面。
所述双极化振子1设置为“镂空蝴蝶结”状，包括垂直极化振子20和水平极化振子21，所述垂直极化振子20和所述水平极化振子21呈L型正交设置。所述垂直极化振子20和所述水平极化振子21通过所述金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座7连接。
所述基底3采用透明介质设置，一般的，可采用透明玻璃、透明树脂等材料，优选高透光率材料，以减小对太阳电池采光的影响。
所述双极化振子1设置在所述基底3的上表面，所述寄生贴片2设置在所述基底3的下表面，且所述寄生贴片2设置在所述垂直极化振子20和所述水平极化振子21垂足位置的正下方。
所述寄生贴片2设置为金属材质的圆环内套十字结构，所述寄生贴片2的金属图案用于拓展天线工作带宽，并且，这种图案结构占用面积小，可减小对光线遮挡。
较佳的，所述垂直极化振子20和所述水平极化振子21为线极化结构，均由多段金属线段围成封闭蝴蝶结状环，均包括对称设置的第一振子部和第二振子部，所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部不连通，存在一定的间隙。具体的，所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部内部中空，且在所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部相对设置的两端保留一小块金属图案，用于连接所述金属柱馈电结构。采用“镂空蝴蝶结”状的所述双极化振子1主要用于减小振子图案的面积，减小对太阳电池采光遮挡，同时该振子的结构形式具有宽的工作带宽。
值得指出的是，圆环内套十字结构的所述寄生贴片2与相邻的所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线共用，且相邻的两所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线中，两所述垂直极化振子20和两所述水平极化振子21十字交叉设置，且所述寄生贴片2设置在两所述垂直极化振子20和两所述水平极化振子21十字交叉处的正下方。
所述隔离层4为透明介质隔离层4，所述隔离层4可设置为空气、玻璃、透明树脂等，同样的，优选高透光率材料。在本实施例中，采用空气作为透明介质隔离层4。
所述太阳电池片层包括太阳电池片5和绝缘薄膜6，所述太阳电池片5通过所述绝缘薄膜6与所述天线底座7隔离开。
所述金属柱馈电结构包括接地金属柱9和馈电金属柱10，所述接地金属柱9和所述馈电金属柱10均垂直于所述天线底座7设置，所述接地金属柱9设置为圆柱体或者长方体，所述馈电金属柱10为圆柱体，所述接地金属柱9上端设置有接地焊针12，所述馈电金属柱10上端设置有馈电焊针11。
所述接地焊针12和所述馈电焊针11均设置为圆柱型，所述馈电焊针11的直径不大于所述馈电金属柱10的直径，所述接地焊针12的直径小于所述接地金属柱9的边长或直径。
所述基底3对应所述接地焊针12和所述馈电焊针11处设置有连接孔，从而保证所述接地焊针12和所述馈电焊针11与位于所述基底3上表面的所述双极化振子1连接，所述接地焊针12和所述馈电焊针11高度略大于所述基底3的厚度，以便于所述接地焊针12、所述馈电焊针11与所述双极化振子1焊接。
所述接地金属柱9下端与所述天线底座7相连，所述馈电金属柱10下端与所述同轴射频连接器8的正极相连，所述同轴射频连接器8设置在所述天线底座7内，在本实施例中，所述同轴射频连接器8的探针作为所述馈电金属柱10使用，从而保证了馈电金属柱10的连续性。
值得指出的是，所述接地金属柱9和所述馈电金属柱10同时还对所述天线振子层起到支 撑的作用，从而保证所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线的整体结构设置。
所述同轴射频连接器8与所述天线底座7上表面之间设置有一定高度的圆柱空气馈电孔13，所述馈电孔可用于调节天线馈电匹配。所述空气馈电孔13作为馈电匹配使用，可改善天线驻波，并且所述空气馈电孔13的直径较小，有利于所述接地金属柱9和所述馈电金属柱10紧密排列，改善天线馈电性能。
所述太阳电池片5及所述绝缘薄膜6在所述馈电金属柱10和所述接地金属柱9的位置处设置有圆形孔14，以保证所述馈电金属柱10和所述接地金属柱9不与太阳电池片5接触。
多个所述太阳电池片5之间设置矩形栅格状引线连通收集电能，具体的，所述太阳电池片5上下面均有电极，在两所述电极上引出集电线，具体所述集电线包括第一太阳电池引线15和第二太阳电池引线16，所述太阳电池片5可通过所述第一太阳电池引线15和第二太阳电池引线16与天线系统连接，从而实现对天线系统的供电，实现所述宽频带双极化太阳电池天线系统的自供电能力。
实施例二
如图4、图5、图6所示，图4为所述天线阵的结构立体图；图5为所述天线阵的结构俯视图；图6为相邻所述双极化太阳电池天线的结构位置示意图。本发明所述天线阵通过若干所述双极化太阳电池天线按方形栅格阵列形成。所述垂直极化振子20与所述水平极化振子21周期性排布，所述金属柱馈电结构位于所述垂直极化振子20与所述水平极化振子21“镂空蝴蝶结”状的中部。
为了改善天线性能，在所述天线阵的外围四边设置了若干寄生振子22，所述寄生振子22外侧端点连接寄生接地金属柱23。
所述太阳电池片5设置为一整块电池片，所述太阳电池片5上下面均有电极，在两所述电极上引出集电线。
本实施案例的双极化振子1天线为方形栅格布阵，单元间距为26.2mm，玻璃基底3厚度为1.1mm，中间空气隔离层4厚度为10.6mm。这种双极化天线在2-6GHz频带内，可实现二维±45°扫描，并且扫描驻波小于3。
本发明较好的兼顾了天线和太阳电池的性能，采用“镂空蝴蝶结”状振子外形，使得天线具备宽的工作带宽，同时具备良好透光性，采用垂直并立的接地金属柱9和馈电金属柱10馈电结构，不仅保证了天线宽频带馈电、垂直树立的馈电柱也减小了遮光，而且该金属柱还能起到支撑天线振子的作用。这种集成太阳电池的一体化天线，太阳电池发电能可供天线系统使用，可应用到太阳能路灯、屋顶太阳能板、卫星太阳板等场景，因其具备宽频带双极化 工作能力，特别适合用于5G低频sub-6GHz发射及接收终端设备，如5G车联网、5G发射及接收基站，具备很高的创造性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，对本发明而言仅仅是说明性的，而非限制性的。本专业技术人员理解，在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变，修改，甚至等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，包括由上至下依次设置的天线振子层、隔离层、太阳电池片层、天线底座；所述天线振子层通过金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座和同轴射频连接器连接，所述太阳电池片层设置在所述天线底座上，所述隔离层设置在所述天线振子层和所述太阳电池片层之间，所述隔离层采用透明材料制作。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述天线振子层包括双极化振子、寄生贴片、基底，所述双极化振子设置在所述基底的上表面，所述寄生贴片设置在所述基底的下表面，所述基底采用透明材料制作。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述双极化振子设置为“镂空蝴蝶结”状，包括垂直极化振子和水平极化振子，所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子呈L型正交设置；所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子通过所述金属柱馈电结构与所述天线底座连接，所述寄生贴片设置在所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子垂足位置的正下方。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述寄生贴片设置为金属材质的圆环内套十字结构。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述垂直极化振子和所述水平极化振子均由多段金属线段围成封闭蝴蝶结状环，均包括对称设置的第一振子部和第二振子部，所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部不连通；所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部内部中空，且在所述第一振子部和所述第二振子部相对设置的两端设置有用于连接所述金属柱馈电结构的金属部。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述金属柱馈电结构包括接地金属柱和馈电金属柱，所述接地金属柱和所述馈电金属柱均垂直于所述天线底座设置，所述接地金属柱设置为圆柱体或者长方体，所述馈电金属柱为圆柱体，所述接地金属柱上端设置有接地焊针，所述馈电金属柱上端设置有馈电焊针，所述接地焊针、所述馈电焊针与所述双极化振子连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述接地焊针和所述馈电焊针均设置为圆柱型，所述馈电焊针的直径不大于所述馈电金属柱的直径，所述接地焊针的直径小于所述接地金属柱的边长或直径，所述接地焊针和所述馈电焊针的高度大于所述基底的厚度。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述接地金属柱下端与所述天线底座相连，所述馈电金属柱下端与所述同轴射频连接器的正极相连，所述同轴射频连接器设置在所述天线底座内，所述同轴射频连接器与所述天线底座上表面之间设置有圆 柱空气馈电孔。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的宽频带双极化太阳电池天线，其特征在于，所述太阳电池片层包括太阳电池片和绝缘薄膜，所述太阳电池片通过所述绝缘薄膜与所述天线底座隔离开，所述太阳电池片及所述绝缘薄膜在所述馈电金属柱和所述接地金属柱的位置处设置有圆形孔。
  10. 一种天线阵，其特征在于，将若干如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的双极化太阳电池天线按方形栅格阵列形成；所述垂直极化振子与所述水平极化振子周期性排布，在所述天线阵的外围四边设置若干寄生振子，所述寄生振子外侧端点连接寄生接地金属柱。
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