WO2021161679A1 - 高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021161679A1 WO2021161679A1 PCT/JP2020/048798 JP2020048798W WO2021161679A1 WO 2021161679 A1 WO2021161679 A1 WO 2021161679A1 JP 2020048798 W JP2020048798 W JP 2020048798W WO 2021161679 A1 WO2021161679 A1 WO 2021161679A1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel plate having excellent bending workability and embrittlement resistance to liquid metal, and a method for producing the same.
- Transportation aircraft such as automobiles are being strongly reduced in weight for the purpose of reducing fuel consumption or energy consumed during operation and improving fuel consumption in order to protect the global environment.
- High-strength steel sheets are used for weight reduction. The higher the strength of the high-strength steel sheet, the higher the weight reduction effect.
- a tensile strength of 1180 MPa class steel sheet is being used for a part in which a tensile strength of 980 MPa class steel sheet is used.
- a tensile strength 1180 MPa class steel sheet is used for a vehicle body structure, formability equivalent to that of a tensile strength 980 MPa class steel sheet is required.
- the steel sheets are galvanized, or at least one of the steel sheets is galvanized, and the steel sheets are joined to each other.
- resistance spot welding with good work efficiency is often performed for joining, but after the zinc liquefied during resistance spot welding permeates the grain boundaries of the steel sheet, the welding heat-affected zone is stressed in the tensile direction. Therefore, there is a problem that cracks occur at the grain boundaries. This is so-called liquid metal embrittlement, and is particularly remarkable in high-strength steel plates having a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more. There is a problem that the embrittlement of the liquid metal causes cracks in the welded joint that cause a decrease in the strength of the member.
- Patent Document 1 states that the surface layer portion 30 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the outermost surface layer portion of the steel sheet and the structure inside the steel sheet are controlled to obtain ductility, bendability, stretch flangeability and delayed fracture resistance.
- An ultra-high strength steel sheet having an excellent tensile strength of 1350 MPa or more is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more, which controls the structure of the surface layer and the inside of the steel sheet, which is a region of 50 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface, and has excellent bending workability.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, which forms a soft structure by forming a decarburized structure on the surface and improves bending workability.
- Patent Document 4 describes, as a technique for avoiding brittleness of liquid metal, a base steel plate having a fine structure having a Mn amount of 10 to 30% and an austenite fraction of 90 area% or more, and Fe-on the base steel plate.
- a GI TWIP steel sheet is disclosed, which includes a Zn alloy layer and a Zn layer formed on a Fe—Zn alloy layer, and the Fe—Zn alloy layer has a thickness equal to or greater than a predetermined value so that liquid metal brittleness is unlikely to occur.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, the former austenite structure of the surface layer is not examined, and the liquid metal brittleness may be insufficiently ensured.
- Patent Document 4 the Fe—Zn alloy layer is formed to have a sufficient thickness, and Zn reacts preferentially with Fe to prevent Zn from being affected by heat from welding to become liquid zinc.
- the alloy layer is not uniform, the effect of suppressing the brittleness of the liquid metal is limited. Further, since the amount of Mn and the fraction of hard austenite are large, there is a problem in ensuring workability, particularly stretch flangeability.
- the present invention has been completed in order to solve the above problems, and has a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more, good bending workability, and high strength in which liquid metal embrittlement is unlikely to occur during welding.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
- the coarse precipitate becomes the starting point of cracks during bending.
- Liquid metal embrittlement occurs when the plating melted during welding permeates the grain boundaries of the surface layer of the steel sheet.
- the crystal grains become finer and the grain boundaries increase, the plating easily penetrates and embrittlement of the liquid metal tends to occur.
- the orientation difference of the crystal grain boundaries of the former austenite grains is 15 ° or more. Easy to penetrate in some cases. It was found that when there is an orientation difference distribution of grain boundaries, it is rather less likely that liquid metal embrittlement will occur if the crystal grains of the steel structure are made finer.
- the crystal grains of the steel structure are made sufficiently fine, the load of hot rolling and cold rolling at the time of manufacturing the steel sheet becomes large, and the manufacturing of the steel sheet becomes difficult. Therefore, as a result of further studies, it was found that if the crystal grains of the steel structure in the region 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet are fine, the embrittlement of the liquid metal can be effectively suppressed. In addition, when the old austenite grains are stretched in the rolling direction, zinc does not penetrate deeply in the thickness direction, and zinc does not penetrate deeply at the grain boundaries where the crystal orientation difference is smaller. I found out.
- the plate thickness is even if the plating permeates the grain boundaries during welding. It is difficult to penetrate in the direction, and it tends to penetrate while spreading in the direction of the plate surface, and it is considered that the brittleness of the liquid metal is suppressed.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows. [1] In mass%, C: 0.150% or more and 0.350% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 3.50% or less, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.30% or more and 2.00% or less, N: 0.010% or less, Ti: contains 0.50% or less, and has a component composition in which the balance is composed of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the average particle size of the precipitates in the region 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the old austenite grains is 15 ⁇ m or less,
- the composition of the components is further increased by mass%.
- Nb 0.2% or less
- Cr 0.50% or less
- Mo 0.50% or less
- the composition of the components is further increased by mass%.
- B 0.0050% or less, Cu: 1.000% or less, Ni: 1.000% or less, Co: 0.020% or less, W: 0.500% or less, Sn: 0.200% or less, Sb: 0.200% or less, V: 0.500% or less, Ca: 0.0050% or less, Mg: 0.0050% or less, REM: 0.0050% or less,
- a steel slab having the component composition according to any one of [1] to [3] is heated to an austenite single-phase region, and the finish rolling inlet side temperature is 950 ° C. or higher and 1150 ° C. or lower, and the finish rolling outlet side temperature is 850.
- the high strength in the present invention means a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more.
- C 0.150% or more and 0.350% or less C is an important element for improving the strength of steel and is an element for producing retained austenite.
- the formability generally decreases as the strength increases, but the TRIP effect due to the formation of retained austenite can improve the formability even at high strength. Therefore, it is an important element for improving moldability.
- the C content is less than 0.150%, it becomes difficult to secure the strength. Further, when the C content is less than 0.150%, the old austenite grains in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction become coarse, and liquid metal embrittlement is likely to occur. Therefore, the C content is 0.150% or more.
- the C content exceeds 0.350%, the hardness difference between ferrite, which is a soft phase, and martensite, which is a hard phase, increases and bending workability decreases. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.350% or less. Preferably, the C content is 0.170% or more, and preferably the C content is 0.300% or less.
- Si 2.0% or less
- Si is an element that solid-solves and strengthens steel and contributes to improving strength.
- Si suppresses the formation of cementite to improve bending workability, and further suppresses cementite generated at grain boundaries, so that it has an effect of suppressing liquid metal brittleness.
- the Si content is set to 2.0% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 1.5% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 0.2% or more.
- the Si content is more preferably 0.4% or more.
- Mn 3.50% or less Mn is an element that improves hardenability and increases the strength of steel, and at the same time suppresses cementite generated at grain boundaries, thus improving bending workability. If the Mn content exceeds 3.50%, segregation is likely to occur and the bending workability is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 3.50% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 1.0% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 3.00% or less.
- P 0.040% or less P segregates at grain boundaries to deteriorate bending workability, accelerates zinc penetration, and promotes liquid metal embrittlement. In addition, the weldability is deteriorated, and when the zinc plating is alloyed, the alloying rate is lowered and the quality of the zinc plating is impaired. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.040% or less. It is preferably 0.020% or less. It is desirable to reduce P as much as possible, but 0.005% may be unavoidably mixed in manufacturing.
- S 0.020% or less S facilitates the formation of manganese sulfide, deteriorates bending workability, and lowers the hardenability of Mn. Therefore, when the S content exceeds 0.020%, it is desirable. No strength is obtained. In addition, the grain boundaries of the former austenite grains are embrittled, and zinc easily penetrates. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.020% or less. It is preferably 0.010% or less. It is desirable to reduce S as much as possible, but 0.0004% may be unavoidably mixed in manufacturing.
- Al 0.30% or more and 2.00% or less
- Al is an element necessary for deoxidation. In addition, it is a necessary element because it suppresses the formation of carbides and facilitates the formation of retained austenite.
- the Al content is set to 0.30% or more.
- the Al content is 0.40% or more.
- the Al content is set to 2.00% or less.
- the Al content is 1.50% or less.
- N 0.010% or less N combines with Al and Ti to form coarse precipitates and deteriorates bending workability.
- Ti 0.50% or less Ti inhibits the formation of coarse Al nitrides (coarse precipitates) and makes the effect of Al remarkable. If the Ti content exceeds 0.50%, coarse precipitates are generated and the bending workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the Ti content is set to 0.50% or less. It is preferably 0.30% or less, more preferably 0.25% or less. From the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, 0.01% or more is preferable.
- the basic components of the present invention are as described above. Depending on the purpose, at least one of Nb: 0.2% or less, Cr: 0.50% or less, and Mo: 0.50% or less can be contained. The reasons for limiting each element will be described below.
- Nb 0.2% or less
- Nb has an effect of refining crystal grains to improve bending workability and suppressing embrittlement of liquid metal.
- the content is preferably 0.005% or more. It is more preferably 0.006% or more, still more preferably 0.007% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.2%, coarse precipitates are generated and the bending workability is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Nb content is preferably 0.2%. It is more preferably 0.018% or less, still more preferably 0.016% or less.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is 0.50% and the upper limit of the Mo content is 0.50%. More preferably, Cr is 0.45% or less and Mo is 0.45% or less. The Cr is preferably 0.005% or more. Mo is preferably 0.005% or more.
- At least one of B, Cu, Ni, Co, W, Sn, Sb, V, Ca, Mg and REM may be appropriately contained.
- B 0.0050% or less
- B is an element that can improve hardenability without lowering the martensitic transformation start temperature, and can suppress the formation of ferrite, so that a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more can be further realized. .. If the B content exceeds 0.0050%, cracks occur inside the steel sheet during hot rolling and the ultimate deformability of the steel is lowered, so that the bending workability is lowered. Therefore, when B is contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.0050% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0001% or more. It is more preferably 0.0002% or more, and further preferably 0.0030% or less.
- Cu 1.000% or less
- Cu not only serves as a solid solution strengthening element, but also stabilizes austenite and suppresses the formation of ferrite during the cooling process during continuous annealing, thus achieving a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more. can.
- the content thereof is preferably 1.000% or less. More preferably, it is 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.700% or less.
- Ni 1.000% or less
- Ni is an element that improves hardenability and can suppress the formation of ferrite, so that a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more can be further realized.
- the content thereof is preferably 1.000% or less. More preferably, it is 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.450% or less.
- Co 0.020% or less
- Co is an element effective for spheroidizing the shape of inclusions and improving the ultimate deformability of the steel sheet.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.020% or less. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.010% or less.
- W 0.500% or less W is effective for precipitation strengthening of steel and may be contained if necessary. However, when W exceeds 0.500%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundaries of martensite increase during the bending test. Further, the propagation of cracks progresses, and the bendability may decrease. Therefore, when W is contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.500% or less. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.300% or less.
- Sn 0.200% or less
- Sb 0.200% or less
- Sn and Sb are required from the viewpoint of suppressing decarburization of a region of about several tens of ⁇ m on the surface layer of the steel sheet caused by nitriding or oxidation of the surface of the steel sheet. Added. Since it is effective in suppressing such nitriding and oxidation, preventing the area ratio of martensite from decreasing on the surface of the steel sheet, and ensuring the tensile strength, it may be contained as necessary. When the contents of Sb and Sn each exceed 0.200%, coarse precipitates and inclusions increase and the ultimate deformability of steel is lowered, so that it becomes more difficult to secure bending workability. Therefore, when Sb and Sn are contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.200% or less, respectively. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.100% or less.
- V 0.500% or less V is added as necessary from the viewpoint of having an effect of refining crystal grains to improve bending workability and suppressing embrittlement of liquid metal. If the V content exceeds 0.500%, coarse precipitates are formed and the bending workability is lowered. Therefore, when V is contained, the upper limit of the content is preferably 0.500%. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.300% or less.
- Ca and Mg are elements used for deoxidation and are effective elements for spheroidizing the shape of sulfide and improving the ultimate deformability of the steel sheet. Is.
- the contents of Ca and Mg each exceed 0.0050%, a large amount of coarse precipitates and inclusions are generated, which lowers the ultimate deformability of the steel, and thus it is more difficult to secure bending workability. become. Therefore, when Ca and Mg are contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.0050% or less, respectively. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0030% or less.
- REM 0.0050% or less REM is an element effective for spheroidizing the shape of inclusions and improving the ultimate deformability of the steel sheet.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.0050% or less. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0030% or less.
- the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- Area ratio of ferrite 5% or less
- a desired tensile strength can be obtained.
- the area ratio of ferrite exceeds 5%, the difference in hardness between ferrite, which is a soft phase, and martensite, which is a hard phase, increases and bending workability decreases. Further, if the area ratio of ferrite, which is a soft phase, becomes excessive, it becomes difficult to secure a desired tensile strength. Therefore, the area ratio of ferrite is set to 5% or less.
- the area ratio of ferrite is preferably 4% or less, more preferably 3% or less.
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if the area ratio of ferrite is 0%, it is preferable that the area ratio of ferrite is 1% or more in order to improve ductility.
- the area ratio of ferrite is more preferably 2% or more.
- Martensite area ratio 2% or more and 10% or less
- the martensite area ratio must be 2% or more.
- Area ratio of bainite 5% or more and 37% or less Bainite contributes to high strength, and in order to achieve the desired tensile strength, the area ratio of bainite needs to be 5% or more. If the area ratio exceeds 37%, the tensile strength is too high and the bending workability deteriorates. Therefore, the area ratio is set to 37% or less. It is preferably 15% or more. It is preferably 35% or less.
- Area ratio of tempered martensite 42% or more and 65% or less
- the area ratio of tempered martensite must be 42% or more. Further, if the area ratio of tempered martensite becomes excessive, it is not possible to achieve a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the area ratio of tempered martensite to 65% or less. Preferably, it is 45% or more. Preferably, it is 55% or less.
- volume fraction of retained austenite 3% or more and 15% or less
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is 3% or more and 15% or less. It is preferably 4% or more. It is preferably 13% or less, more preferably 5% or more. More preferably, it is 12% or less.
- Average grain size of ferrite and bainite 3 ⁇ m or less
- the refinement of the crystal grains of ferrite and bainite contributes to bending workability.
- each is 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of ferrite and bainite is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the method for observing ferrite, martensite, bainite, tempered martensite, and retained austenite can be identified by the method shown in Examples described later. Further, the observation position of these structures is set to 1/4 of the plate thickness of the steel plate as described later.
- the steel structure in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction is important in order to suppress the liquid metal brittleness.
- the average particle size of the former austenite grains is 10 ⁇ m or less, and the average particle size of the former austenite grains in the plate thickness direction is 0.9 or less of the average particle size in the rolling direction.
- 80% or less of the crystal grain boundaries of the former austenite grains are large-angle grain boundaries having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more.
- the liquid metal permeates only the polar surface layer, and if the above-mentioned structure is formed in a region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction, it is possible to suppress the brittleness of the liquid metal while obtaining the desired strength. Is. The reasons for the limitation of each organization will be explained below.
- Average grain size of old austenite grains 10 ⁇ m or less
- the average grain size of the former austenite grains in the plate thickness direction is 0.9 or less of the average grain size in the rolling direction. Since there are many grain boundaries that are perpendicular to the grain boundaries, the liquid metal easily penetrates the grain boundaries. Therefore, the upper limit of the ratio of the average particle size in the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction is set to 0.9 ((average particle size in the plate thickness direction) / (average particle size in the rolling direction) ⁇ 0.9). Although the lower limit is not particularly specified, the ratio of the average particle size in the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction is preferably 0.70 or more.
- the large-angle grain boundaries having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction are set to 80% or less of the former austenite grain boundaries.
- the large-angle grain boundaries having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction are preferably 60% or more of the crystal grain boundaries of the former austenite grains.
- the steel structure in the region 200 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction is important for improving bending workability.
- the average particle size of the precipitate is 1.0 ⁇ m or less
- the average particle size of the former austenite grains is 15 ⁇ m or less
- Rhagades generated by bending occur near the surface layer having a large strain, but cracks are less likely to occur due to the shape constraint of the surface layer at a depth of more than 200 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet. Therefore, in order to improve the bending workability, it is important to control the structure of a region of 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction. That is, the bending workability is improved by forming a structure in which coarse precipitates are not generated in the region 200 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction and the strain gradient from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction is not steep. .. The reasons for the limitation of each organization will be explained below.
- Average grain size of precipitates 1.0 ⁇ m or less Coarse precipitates cause strain concentration and crack formation during bending. Therefore, the average particle size of the precipitate was set to 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the precipitate in the present invention includes nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides. The lower limit is not particularly specified, but the average particle size of the precipitate is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more.
- Average particle size of the old austenite grains 15 ⁇ m or less
- the average particle size of the old austenite grains is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of the old austenite grains in the plate thickness direction is 0.9 or less of the average particle size in the rolling direction.
- Old austenite grains elongated in the plate thickness direction are more likely to crack when the former austenite is transformed into martensite than the former austenite grains elongated in the rolling direction, and the bending workability is significantly reduced. Therefore, the upper limit of the ratio of the average particle size in the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction of the old austenite grains was set to 0.9 ((average particle size in the plate thickness direction) / (average particle size in the rolling direction) ⁇ 0.9). ..
- the ratio of the average particle size in the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction is preferably 0.70 or more.
- the steel structure in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel plate in the plate thickness direction and the region of 200 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel plate can be obtained by the method of Examples described later.
- the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention may be provided with a zinc-plated layer on the surface of the steel sheet.
- a steel slab having the above composition is heated to an austenite single-phase region, and the finish rolling inlet temperature is 950 ° C. or higher and 1150 ° C. or lower, the finish rolling output side temperature is 850 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower, and the rolling speed of the final rolling pass is 600 mpm.
- Hot rolling is performed as described above, and after 0.5 seconds or more have passed after the completion of hot rolling, the product is water-cooled and wound at a winding temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower.
- the steel slab may be melted in any of a blast furnace, a converter, and an electric furnace. Further, the steel slab may be rolled immediately without cooling, and the steel slab may be a thin slab. A manufacturing method by a casting / rolling process (so-called mini mill) with the thin slab casting as an end is used. It may be adopted.
- the austenite single-phase region was at a temperature equal to or higher than the Ac 3 transformation point, and the Ac 3 transformation point was determined using the following formula.
- Finish rolling inlet side temperature 950 ° C or higher and 1150 ° C or lower
- the finish rolling inlet temperature exceeds 1150 ° C
- the average particle size of the old austenite grains and the average particle size of the base material ferrite and bainite in the region of 200 ⁇ m are coarsened, and the bending workability and the liquid metal brittleness are lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the finish rolling inlet temperature is set to 1150 ° C.
- the finish rolling inlet temperature is too low, less than 950 ° C., the area ratio of ferrite becomes excessive, and it becomes difficult to secure a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more in the steel sheet obtained by annealing after cold rolling. It is preferably 1000 ° C. or higher, and preferably 1100 ° C. or lower.
- Finish-rolled output side temperature 850 ° C or more and 950 ° C or less
- the finish-rolled output side temperature exceeds 950 ° C
- the average particle size of the former austenite grains in the region 50 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction becomes coarse, and the liquid at the grain boundary becomes coarse.
- the upper limit of the finish rolling output side temperature is set to 950 ° C.
- the finish rolling output side temperature is set to 850 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower. It is preferably 870 ° C. or higher, and preferably 950 ° C. or lower.
- Rolling speed of final rolling pass 600 mpm or more
- the rolling speed of the final rolling pass decreases, the area ratio of ferrite becomes excessive, and it becomes difficult to secure a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more in the steel sheet obtained by annealing after cold rolling. .. Therefore, the rolling speed is set to 600 mpm or more. It is preferably 700 mpm or more. The upper limit is not particularly specified, but the rolling speed of the final rolling pass is preferably 900 mpm or less.
- Winding temperature 400 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower
- the lower the winding temperature the finer the structure and the effect of suppressing the brittleness of the liquid metal.
- the take-up temperature is less than 400 ° C.
- hard martensite is excessively generated, the rolling load during cold rolling becomes large, and it becomes difficult to secure a desired cold rolling ratio.
- the average particle size of the former austenite grains in the plate thickness direction in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction cannot be 0.9 or less of the average particle size in the rolling direction.
- the winding temperature is set to 400 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower. It is preferably 450 ° C. or higher, and preferably 640 ° C. or lower.
- pickling After hot rolling, pickling is performed.
- the scale on the surface of the steel sheet can be removed by pickling.
- the pickling conditions are not particularly limited and may be carried out according to a conventional method.
- cold rolling is performed with a friction coefficient of 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less and a cold rolling rate of 50% or more and 65% or less.
- Friction coefficient 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less
- the friction coefficient during cold rolling is less than 0.25, the frequency of nucleation during annealing becomes low, and the average of old austenite grains in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface in the plate thickness direction. The particle size becomes coarse. For this reason, the liquid metal easily permeates and the liquid metal brittleness is likely to occur.
- the friction coefficient exceeds 0.45, the strain accumulated in the surface layer is too high, and the frequency at which the orientation difference between the grain boundaries of the former austenite grains generated in the subsequent annealing process becomes 15 ° or more increases. ..
- the ratio of the crystal grain boundaries of the former austenite grains having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction does not become 80% or less.
- the coefficient of friction is 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less. It is preferably 0.27 or more, and preferably 0.44 or less.
- the friction coefficient is the friction coefficient between the steel sheet and the roll during cold rolling. The friction coefficient is a value obtained by calculation based on the rolling load during cold rolling.
- Cold rolling ratio 50% or more and 65% or less
- the ratio of the average particle size in the sheet thickness direction to the average particle size in the rolling direction is 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction.
- the cold rolling ratio exceeds 65%, coarse precipitates are likely to be formed in a region of 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction. Therefore, the cold rolling ratio was set to 65% or less. Therefore, the cold rolling ratio is set to 50% or more and 65% or less. It is preferably 55% or more, and preferably 60% or less.
- annealing is performed at an annealing temperature of 750 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower with a holding time of 5 seconds or longer and 500 seconds or lower, then cooled to 550 ° C. or lower, and subsequently, a temperature range of 300 ° C. or higher and 480 ° C. or lower. Then, heat treatment is performed to hold the product for 10 seconds or longer.
- Annealing temperature 750 ° C or more and 900 ° C or less, holding time: 5 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less.
- the annealing temperature is less than 750 ° C, austenite transformation is unlikely to occur during annealing, so that the area ratio of ferrite becomes excessive and the desired martensite is obtained. Therefore, it becomes difficult to secure a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more. Further, the area fraction of the predetermined tempered martensite and the volume fraction of the retained austenite cannot be obtained, and the bending workability is deteriorated.
- the annealing temperature exceeds 900 ° C.
- the average particle size of the former austenite grains in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction becomes coarse, so that molten zinc penetrates deep into the steel sheet and promotes liquid metal brittleness.
- the annealing temperature is set to 750 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower. Further, it is necessary to hold the annealing temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower for 5 seconds or longer and 500 seconds or shorter. If it is less than 5 seconds, austenite transformation is unlikely to occur during annealing.
- the area ratio of ferrite becomes excessive, desired martensite cannot be obtained, and it becomes difficult to secure a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more. Further, the area fraction of the predetermined tempered martensite and the volume fraction of the retained austenite cannot be obtained, and the bending workability is deteriorated.
- the holding time exceeds 500 seconds, the average particle size of the old austenite grains in the region of 50 ⁇ m and the region of 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction becomes coarse, and at the same time, coarse precipitates are formed at the grain boundaries. , Penetration of hot-dip zinc is promoted and embrittlement of liquid metal is promoted. In addition, bending workability is also reduced. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 500 seconds. It is preferably 50 seconds or more, and preferably 400 seconds or less.
- Cooling shutdown temperature 550 ° C or less After annealing, cool to a cooling shutdown temperature of 550 ° C or less. If cooling is stopped at a temperature exceeding 550 ° C., tempered martensite having a desired area ratio cannot be obtained, and it becomes difficult to secure bending workability. Therefore, the cooling shutdown temperature is set to 550 ° C. or lower. It is preferably 500 ° C. or lower. The lower limit is not particularly specified, but the cooling shutdown temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
- Heat treatment temperature 300 ° C. or higher and 480 ° C. or lower, holding time: 10 seconds or longer and 550 ° C. or lower, and then heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 300 ° C. or higher and 480 ° C. or lower. If the temperature exceeds 480 ° C., it becomes difficult to secure the desired retained austenite, and the bendability is lowered. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 300 ° C., the area ratio of martensite becomes excessive, and tempered martensite having a desired area ratio cannot be obtained, resulting in deterioration of bending workability. Therefore, the heat treatment temperature is set to 300 ° C. or higher and 480 ° C. or lower. The temperature is preferably 350 ° C.
- the holding time during heat treatment is less than 10 seconds, the tempering of martensite becomes insufficient, the area ratio of martensite becomes excessive, and the tempered martensite having a desired area ratio cannot be obtained, so that the bending process is performed. The sex deteriorates. In addition, since it is recrystallized during welding to become equiaxed grains, embrittlement of liquid metal is likely to occur.
- the holding time is preferably 600 seconds or less.
- the obtained steel sheet may be further subjected to a zinc plating treatment such as a hot-dip galvanizing treatment or an electrogalvanizing treatment.
- the hot-dip galvanizing treatment may be, for example, a treatment of immersing the heat-treated steel sheet in a hot-dip galvanizing bath using a regular continuous hot-dip galvanizing line to form a predetermined amount of hot-dip galvanizing layer on the surface. preferable.
- the temperature of the hot-dip galvanizing bath is preferably 440 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
- the hot-dip galvanizing bath may contain Al, Fe, Mg, Si and the like in addition to pure zinc.
- the adhesion amount of the hot-dip galvanized layer can be adjusted to a desired adhesion amount by adjusting gas wiping or the like, and is preferably about 45 g / m 2 per side.
- the zinc plating layer (hot-dip galvanizing layer) formed by the hot-dip galvanizing treatment may be an alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer by subjecting an alloying treatment, if necessary.
- the alloying conditions are not particularly limited, but the alloying treatment temperature is preferably 460 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower.
- the Fe concentration in the plating layer is preferably 9% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.
- adjusting the effective Al concentration in the hot-dip galvanized bath to a range of 0.10% by mass or more and 0.22% by mass or less ensures a desired plating appearance. Preferred from the point of view.
- the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention can be obtained.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet As the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (GI), an Al: 0.19% by mass-containing zinc bath is used, and in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (GA), an Al: 0.14% by mass-containing zinc bath is used. It was used. The bath temperature was 465 ° C. The amount of plating adhered was 45 g / m 2 per side (double-sided plating), and GA was adjusted so that the Fe concentration in the plating layer was within the range of 9% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.
- test piece was collected from the obtained steel sheet, and the structure observation, tensile test, drilling property, bending workability, and liquid metal brittleness were evaluated.
- Each evaluation method is as follows.
- tissue fraction (area ratio) of each phase was determined by image analysis using EBSD.
- the observation surface is polished so that the rolling direction cross section (L cross section) of the steel sheet becomes the observation surface, and 1 to 3 vol. It was corroded by% nital, and the measurement was carried out at a position corresponding to a quarter of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel plate at a magnification of 500 times.
- Ferrite is recognized as having a Confidence Index (CI) value of 0.79 or more in the BCC-phase region in EBSD
- martensite is recognized as having a CI value of 0.38 or less.
- Bainite is recognized as a needle-like structure with an aspect ratio of 3 or more by SEM observation, and tempered martensite refers to BCC-phase, which is recognized as having a CI value of 0.39 or more and 0.78 or less in EBSD. Residual austenite is distinguished from other tissues by EBSD as it is distinguished as FCC-Phase. The area ratio of each tissue was calculated by the number of measurement points included in the same region, the measurement point interval was 0.1 ⁇ m, and the acceleration voltage at the time of measurement was 15 keV.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite was determined by X-ray diffraction. After polishing the steel plate from the plate thickness 1/4 position to a surface of 0.1 mm, further polish it by chemical polishing by 0.1 mm, and use CoK ⁇ rays with an X-ray diffractometer on the polished surface at the plate thickness 1/4 position to fcc. Nine integrals obtained by measuring the integral intensity ratios of the diffraction peaks of the ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 220 ⁇ , ⁇ 311 ⁇ planes of iron and the ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ , ⁇ 220 ⁇ planes of bcc iron. The volume ratio of retained austenite was calculated by averaging the intensity ratios.
- the average particle size of ferrite and bainite was determined by SEM observation. After polishing the sheet thickness cross section parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, 1 to 3 vol. It was corroded with% nital, and 10 fields of view (1 field of view was 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 40 ⁇ m) were observed at a position of 1/4 from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction at a magnification of 1000 times using an SEM (scanning electron microscope). Using Image-Pro manufactured by Media Cybernetics, the area of each phase can be calculated by taking a photograph in which the crystal grains of ferrite and bainite are identified in advance from the structure photograph of the steel plate, and the crystals of ferrite and bainite can be calculated. The circle-equivalent diameter was calculated for the grains, and the value of the circle-equivalent diameter was averaged for each of ferrite and bainite.
- the average particle size of the old austenite grains was determined by image analysis using EBSD.
- a test piece for microstructure observation was collected from the steel sheet, and polished so that the observation surface was at positions corresponding to 50 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet in the rolling direction cross section (L cross section). It was corroded with% nital, and the individual particle size and the number of grains were obtained by image analysis using EBSD, the diameter equivalent to a circle was calculated, and these values were arithmetically averaged to obtain the average particle size.
- the particle size ratio of the old austenite grains in the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction was determined by SEM observation.
- a test piece for structure observation is taken from the steel sheet, and polished so that the positions corresponding to 50 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet in the rolling direction cross section (L cross section) become the observation surface, and 1 to 3 vol. It was corroded with% nital, and a plurality of random observations were made using an SEM (scanning electron microscope: JEOL JSM7001F) at a magnification of 1000 times within a range of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet and 200 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet. The grain boundaries of the old austenite grains were visually determined.
- the ratio of grain boundaries, which are large-angle grain boundaries with an orientation difference of 15 ° or more, of the former austenite grains in the region of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction was measured as follows. First, a test piece was taken from the obtained steel sheet and polished so that the rolling direction cross section (L cross section) of the steel sheet became the observation surface. By the EBSD method (acceleration voltage of electron beam: 15 keV, measurement interval: 0.1 ⁇ m step, magnification: 500 times) with respect to the observation surface, 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is set as the measurement area within a range of 50 ⁇ m from the surface, and the measurement area is randomly selected. Multiple measurements were taken.
- the ratio of the integrated length of the grain boundaries having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more to the integrated length of the crystal grain boundaries recognized by EBSD was obtained, and this was calculated as the grain boundaries which are large-angle grain boundaries having an orientation difference of 15 ° or more of the former austenite grains. It was adopted as the value of the ratio of.
- the precipitate was determined by observing with an optical microscope. In the rolling direction cross section (L cross section), polishing is performed so that the position corresponding to 200 ⁇ m from the steel plate surface in the plate thickness direction becomes the observation surface, and a plurality of 1000 times optical micrographs are randomly taken and parallel to the rolling direction.
- the particle size of the precipitate was determined by a straight-line cutting method, and the average value of the particle size of all the precipitates observed in the photograph was taken as the average particle size of the precipitate.
- the welding current and welding time were adjusted so that the nugget diameter was 4 ⁇ tmm (t: high-strength steel plate thickness).
- All of the high-strength steel sheets of the present invention had a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more and excellent bending workability, and were also excellent in liquid metal brittleness. On the other hand, the comparative example was inferior in any of the characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
[1]質量%で、C:0.150%以上0.350%以下、
Si:2.0%以下、
Mn:3.50%以下、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.30%以上2.00%以下、
N:0.010%以下、
Ti:0.50%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
鋼組織は、
フェライトの面積率が5%以下、
マルテンサイトの面積率が2%以上10%以下、
ベイナイトの面積率が5%以上37%以下、
焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率が42%以上65%以下、
残留オーステナイトの体積率が3%以上15%以下、
フェライトおよびベイナイトの平均粒径が3μm以下、
鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が10μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の80%以下が、方位差が15°以上の大角粒界であり、
鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における、析出物の平均粒径が1.0μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が15μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下である引張強さが1180MPa以上の高強度鋼板。
[2]前記成分組成は、さらに質量%で、
Nb:0.2%以下、
Cr:0.50%以下、
Mo:0.50%以下、
を少なくとも1種含有する[1]に記載の高強度鋼板。
[3]前記成分組成は、さらに質量%で、
B:0.0050%以下、
Cu:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.000%以下、
Co:0.020%以下、
W:0.500%以下、
Sn:0.200%以下、
Sb:0.200%以下、
V:0.500%以下、
Ca:0.0050%以下、
Mg:0.0050%以下、
REM:0.0050%以下、
を少なくとも1種含有する[1]または[2]に記載の高強度鋼板。
[4]鋼板表面に亜鉛めっき層を有する[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
[5][1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、オーステナイト単相域に加熱し、仕上圧延入側温度950℃以上1150℃以下、仕上圧延出側温度850℃以上950℃以下、最終圧延パスの圧延速度600mpm以上で熱間圧延し、熱間圧延終了後0.5秒以上経過後に水冷し、巻取温度400℃以上650℃以下で巻取り、酸洗後、摩擦係数が0.25以上0.45以下、冷間圧延率50%以上65%以下で冷間圧延し、引き続き焼鈍温度750℃以上900℃以下で、保持時間5秒以上500秒以下で焼鈍し、その後550℃以下まで冷却し、続いて、300℃以上480℃以下で、10秒以上保持する熱処理を施す高強度鋼板の製造方法。
[6]前記熱処理後、亜鉛めっき処理を施す[5]に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
[7]前記亜鉛めっき処理は、溶融亜鉛めっき処理である[6]に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
[8]前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき処理である[7]に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
Cは、鋼の強度を向上する重要な元素であり、残留オーステナイトを生成する元素である。鋼においては一般的に高強度になるにつれて成形性が低下するものの、残留オーステナイトが生成することによるTRIP効果で高強度でも成形性を向上することができる。そのため、成形性向上に重要な元素である。C含有量が0.150%未満では強度の確保が困難となる。また、C含有量が0.150%未満では、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒が粗大化して、液体金属脆化が生じやすくなる。したがって、C含有量は0.150%以上とする。一方、C含有量が0.350%を超えると、軟質相であるフェライトと硬質相であるマルテンサイトとの硬度差が増大し、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.350%以下とする。好ましくは、C含有量は0.170%以上であり、好ましくは、C含有量は0.300%以下である。
Siは、鋼を固溶強化する元素であり、強度向上に寄与する。また、Siは、セメンタイトの生成を抑制して曲げ加工性を高め、さらに、粒界に発生するセメンタイトを抑制するため、液体金属脆性を抑制する効果を有する。しかしながら、過剰にSiを含有すると、フェライトが生成しやすくなり、強度が低下する。また、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における析出物が粗大化し、曲げ加工性が低下する原因になる。このため、Si含有量は2.0%以下とする。Si含有量は、1.5%以下が好ましい。なお、セメンタイトの析出抑制の観点から、Si含有量は0.2%以上が好ましい。Si含有量は0.4%以上がより好ましい。
Mnは、焼入れ性を向上し鋼の強度を上げる元素であり、同時に粒界に発生するセメンタイトを抑制するため、曲げ加工性を向上する。Mn含有量が3.50%を超えると偏析が生じやすくなり、曲げ加工性が低下する。そのため、Mn含有量は3.50%以下とする。Mn含有量は好ましくは1.0%以上である。Mn含有量は好ましくは3.00%以下である。
Pは粒界に偏析して曲げ加工性を劣化させるとともに、亜鉛の浸透を加速し、液体金属脆化を促進する。また、溶接性の劣化を招くとともに、亜鉛めっきを合金化処理する場合には、合金化速度を低下させ、亜鉛めっきの品質を損なう。そのため、P含有量を0.040%以下とする。好ましくは0.020%以下である。Pは極力低減する方が望ましいが、製造上、0.005%は不可避的に混入する場合がある。
Sは、硫化マンガンを形成しやすくし、曲げ加工性を劣化させるとともに、Mnの焼入れ硬化性を低下させるため、S含有量が0.020%を超えると、所望の強度が得られない。また、旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界を脆化させ亜鉛が浸透しやすくなる。そのため、S含有量は0.020%以下とする。好ましくは0.010%以下である。Sは極力低減する方が望ましいが、製造上、0.0004%は不可避的に混入する場合がある。
Alは脱酸に必要な元素である。また、炭化物の生成を抑制し残留オーステナイトを形成しやすくなるため必要な元素である。Al含有量が0.30%未満の場合、残留オーステナイトは曲げ加工で硬いマルテンサイトに変態しやすく、そのために曲げ加工性が劣化する。そのため、Al含有量は0.30%以上とする。好ましくは、Al含有量は0.40%以上とする。一方、Al含有量が2.00%を超えると、旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界に粗大な析出物が生成し、その結果、曲げ加工性が劣化する。したがって、Al含有量は2.00%以下とする。好ましくは、Al含有量は1.50%以下とする。
Nは、AlやTiと結合し粗大な析出物を形成して曲げ加工性を劣化させる。N量は少ないほど好ましいが、生産技術上の制約から、N含有量は0.010%以下とする。好ましくは0.005%以下である。なお、製造コストの観点から、0.001%以上が好ましい。
Tiは、粗大なAl窒化物(粗大な析出物)の形成を阻害して、Alの効果を顕著とする。Ti含有量が0.50%を超えると、粗大な析出物が生じ曲げ加工性を劣化させるため、Ti含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.30%以下、より好ましくは0.25%以下である。なお、製造コストの観点から、0.01%以上が好ましい。
Nbは、結晶粒を微細化して曲げ加工性を向上させ、かつ液体金属脆化を抑制する効果を有する。上記効果を得るためには、0.005%以上の含有が好ましい。より好ましくは0.006%以上、さらに好ましくは0.007%以上である。しかしながら、0.2%を超えると、粗大な析出物が生じ曲げ加工性が低下する。そのため、Nb含有量の上限を0.2%とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.018%以下、さらに好ましくは0.016%以下である。
Cr、Moは、焼入れ性を向上し鋼の強度を上げる。また残留オーステナイトを生じやすくし強度と延性を同時に向上する。一方で、過剰に添加すると、粒界に析出物を生成し曲げ加工性は劣化する。そのため、Crの含有量の上限は0.50%、Moの含有量の上限は0.50%とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、Crは0.45%以下、Moは0.45%以下である。なお、Crは0.005%以上が好ましい。Moは0.005%以上が好ましい。
Bは、マルテンサイト変態開始温度を低下させることなく、焼入れ性を向上させることができる元素であり、フェライトの生成を抑制できることから、1180MPa以上の引張強度をより実現できる。Bの含有量が0.0050%を超えると、熱間圧延中に鋼板内部に割れが生じ、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、Bを含有する場合、その含有量は0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.0002%以上とし、さらに好ましくは0.0030%以下とする。
Cuは、固溶強化元素としての役割のみならず、連続焼鈍時の冷却過程で、オーステナイトを安定化し、フェライトの生成を抑制できることから、1180MPa以上の引張強度をより実現できる。Cuの含有量が1.000%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が多量に生成し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、Cuを含有する場合、その含有量は1.000%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.005%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.700%以下とする。
Niは、焼入れ性を向上させる元素であり、フェライトの生成を抑制できることから、1180MPa以上の引張強度をより実現できる。Niの含有量が1.000%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が増加し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、Niを含有する場合、その含有量は1.000%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.005%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.450%以下とする。
Coは、介在物の形状を球状化し、鋼板の極限変形能を向上するために有効な元素である。Coの含有量が0.020%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が多量に生成し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性を実現することがより困難になる。したがって、Coを含有する場合、その含有量は0.020%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.010%以下とする。
Wは、鋼の析出強化に有効で、必要に応じて含有してもよい。しかし、Wは0.500%を超えると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となり、曲げ試験時に、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。さらに、亀裂の伝播が進行してしまい、曲げ性が低下する場合がある。したがって、Wを含有する場合は、その含有量は0.500%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.300%以下とする。
SnおよびSbは、鋼板表面の窒化や酸化によって生じる鋼板表層の数十μm程度の領域の脱炭を抑制する観点から、必要に応じて添加する。このような窒化や酸化を抑制し、鋼板表面においてマルテンサイトの面積率が減少するのを防止し、引張強度の確保に有効であるので、必要に応じて含有してもよい。SbおよびSnの含有量がそれぞれ0.200%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が増加し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性の確保がより困難になる。したがって、SbおよびSnを含有する場合、その含有量はそれぞれ0.200%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.100%以下とする。
Vは、結晶粒を微細化して曲げ加工性を向上させ、かつ液体金属脆化を抑制する効果を有する観点から、必要に応じて添加する。Vの含有量が0.500%を超えると、粗大な析出物が生じ曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、Vを含有する場合、その含有量の上限を0.500%とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.300%以下とする。
CaおよびMgは、脱酸に用いる元素であるとともに、硫化物の形状を球状化し、鋼板の極限変形能を向上するために有効な元素である。CaおよびMgの含有量がそれぞれ0.0050%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が多量に生成し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性を確保することがより困難になる。したがって、CaおよびMgを含有する場合、その含有量はそれぞれ0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.0030%以下とする。
REMは、介在物の形状を球状化し、鋼板の極限変形能を向上するために有効な元素である。REMの含有量が0.0050%を超えると、粗大な析出物や介在物が多量に生成し、鋼の極限変形能を低下させることから、曲げ加工性を確保することがより困難になる。したがって、REMを含有する場合、その含有量は0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。さらに好ましくは0.0030%以下とする。
フェライトの面積率を5%以下とすることで、所望の引張強さを得ることができる。一方、フェライトの面積率が5%を超えると、軟質相であるフェライトと硬質相であるマルテンサイトとの硬度差が増大し、曲げ加工性が低下する。また、軟質相であるフェライトの面積率が過剰になると、所望の引張強さの確保が困難となる。したがって、フェライトの面積率は5%以下とする。また、フェライトの面積率は、好ましくは4%以下、より好ましくは3%以下とする。なお、フェライトの面積率が0%であっても本発明の効果は得られるが、延性を向上させるためには、フェライトの面積率を1%以上とすることが好ましい。フェライトの面積率は、より好ましくは2%以上とする。
所望の引張強さを達成するためには、マルテンサイトの面積率を2%以上にする必要がある。また、良好な曲げ加工性の確保のため、マルテンサイトの面積率を10%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、3%以上である。好ましくは、8%以下である。
ベイナイトは高強度化に寄与し、所望の引張強さを達成するためには、ベイナイトの面積率を5%以上にする必要がある。面積率が37%超では、引張強度が高すぎて曲げ加工性が劣化する。このため、面積率は37%以下とする。好ましくは15%以上である。好ましくは35%以下である。
良好な曲げ加工性を達成するためには、焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率は42%以上にする必要がある。また、焼戻しマルテンサイトの面積率が過剰になると、1180MPa以上の引張強さを達成することができない。そのため、焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率を65%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、45%以上である。好ましくは、55%以下である。
残留オーステナイトを3%以上含有することで、優れた曲げ加工性を得ることができる。一方、残留オーステナイトの体積率が15%を超えると、残留オーステナイトは加工を受けてマルテンサイト変態した際に、マルテンサイト内部でボイドが多く存在することになる。よって、ボイドが亀裂の起点となるため、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、残留オーステナイトの体積率は3%以上15%以下とする。好ましくは4%以上である。好ましくは13%以下、より好ましくは5%以上である。より好ましくは、12%以下とする。
フェライトおよびベイナイトの結晶粒の微細化は、曲げ加工性に寄与する。曲げ加工性を得るため、フェライトおよびベイナイトの平均結晶粒径をそれぞれ3μm以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、それぞれ2μm以下である。下限は特に規定しないが、フェライトおよびベイナイトの平均粒径はそれぞれ1μm以上が好ましい。
本発明においては、液体金属脆性を抑制するために、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における鋼組織が重要である。本発明では、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域において、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が10μm以下、旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下、旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の80%以下が方位差が15°以上の大角粒界であることを特徴とする。液体金属が浸透するのは極表層のみであり、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域で上述の組織が形成されていれば、所望の強度を得ながら、液体金属脆性を抑制することが可能である。以下に、各組織の限定理由を説明する。
旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒径が微細なほど、溶接時にめっきが粒界に浸透したとしても、板厚方向へは浸透しにくく、板面方向に広がりながら浸透する傾向にあり、液体金属の浸透が抑制される。そのため、上限を10μmとした。下限は特に規定しないが、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径は7μm以上が好ましい。
圧延方向に伸長した旧オーステナイト粒よりも、板厚方向に伸長した旧オーステナイト粒では、固/液界面に対して垂直な粒界が多く存在するため、液体金属が容易に粒界を浸透する。そのため、板厚方向と圧延方向の平均粒径の比の上限を0.9((板厚方向の平均粒径)/(圧延方向の平均粒径)≦0.9)とした。下限は特に規定しないが、板厚方向と圧延方向の平均粒径の比は0.70以上が好ましい。
粒界の方位差が大きいほど、粒界エネルギーが上昇し粒界の構造が不安定で隙間が発生する。そのため、液体金属も方位差が大きい粒界のほうがより浸透しやすくなる。したがって、液体金属脆性を抑制するために、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、方位差15°以上の大角粒界は旧オーステナイト結晶粒界の80%以下とした。下限は特に規定しないが、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、方位差15°以上の大角粒界は旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の60%以上が好ましい。
本発明においては、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における鋼組織が、曲げ加工性向上に重要である。本発明では、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における、析出物の平均粒径が1.0μm以下、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が15μm以下、旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下であることを特徴とする。曲げによって生じる亀裂は、ひずみの大きい表層付近で発生するが、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmより深いところでは、表層の形状拘束で亀裂が発生しにくい。このため、曲げ加工性を向上させるには、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域の組織制御が重要である。すなわち、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域において、粗大な析出物が生成しておらず、鋼板表面から板厚方向へのひずみ勾配が急峻でない組織にすることにより、曲げ加工性が向上する。以下に、各組織の限定理由を説明する。
粗大な析出物は、曲げ加工時にひずみの集中やクラックの生成を引き起こす。そのため、析出物の平均粒径は1.0μm以下とした。なお、本発明における析出物とは、窒化物、炭化物、炭窒化物を含む。下限は特に規定しないが、析出物の平均粒径は0.2μm以上が好ましい。
旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が微細なほど、曲げ加工性は向上する。15μmを超えると曲げ加工性が低下することから、上限を15μmとした。下限は特に規定しないが、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径は10μm以上が好ましい。
曲げ加工では、亀裂が板厚方向に進展しないところでは亀裂が発生しにくい。圧延方向に伸長した旧オーステナイト粒よりも板厚方向に伸長した旧オーステナイト粒のほうが、旧オーステナイトがマルテンサイト変態した際にクラックを生じやすく、曲げ加工性が著しく低下する。そのため、旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向と圧延方向の平均粒径の比の上限を0.9((板厚方向の平均粒径)/(圧延方向の平均粒径)≦0.9)とした。下限は特に規定しないが、板厚方向と圧延方向の平均粒径の比は0.70以上が好ましい。
加熱温度がオーステナイト単相域未満と低すぎると、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域におけるに粗大な析出物が生成しやすくなる。なお、オーステナイト単相域はAc3変態点以上の温度であり、Ac3変態点は以下の式を用いて求めた。
Ac3変態点(℃)=910-203√(%C)+45×(%Si)-30×(%Mn)+11×(%Cr)+32×(%Mo)+400×(%Ti)+200×(%Al)
ここで、(%C)、(%Si)、(%Mn)、(%Cr)、(%Mo)、(%Ti)、(%Al)は、それぞれの元素の含有量(質量%)である。
仕上圧延入側温度が1150℃超の場合、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径および母材のフェライトおよびベイナイトの平均粒径が粗大化し、曲げ加工性および耐液体金属脆性が低下する。そのため、仕上圧延入側温度の上限は1150℃とした。一方、仕上圧延入側温度が950℃未満と低すぎると、フェライトの面積率が過剰となり、冷間圧延後の焼鈍により得られる鋼板において、引張強さ1180MPa以上の確保が困難となる。好ましくは1000℃以上であり、好ましくは1100℃以下である。
仕上圧延出側温度が950℃超の場合、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が粗大化し、粒界の液体金属の浸透パスが増大するため、亜鉛が鋼板深くまで浸透し液体金属脆化が促進される。そのため、仕上圧延出側温度の上限は950℃とした。一方で、仕上圧延出側温度が850℃未満と低すぎると、フェライトの面積率が過剰となり、冷間圧延後の焼鈍により得られる鋼板において、引張強さ1180MPa以上の確保が困難となる。したがって、仕上圧延出側温度は850℃以上950℃以下とする。好ましくは870℃以上であり、好ましくは950℃以下である。
最終圧延パスの圧延速度が低下すると、フェライトの面積率が過剰となり、冷間圧延後の焼鈍により得られる鋼板において、引張強さ1180MPa以上の確保が困難となる。そのため、圧延速度は600mpm以上とする。好ましくは700mpm以上とする。
上限は特に規定しないが、最終圧延パスの圧延速度は900mpm以下が好ましい。
熱間圧延終了後直ぐに冷却を開始すると、未再結晶の圧延組織からフェライト変態してしまい、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径および鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が粗大化するとともに、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域および鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における、旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径と圧延方向の平均粒径の比が0.9を上回りやすくなる。そのため、再結晶を促進するために熱間圧延終了後0.5秒以上経過後に冷却を開始することが必要である。上限は特に規定しないが、熱間圧延終了後2.0秒以内に冷却を開始することが好ましい。なお、冷却速度に関しては、15~100℃/sで冷却することが好ましい。
巻取温度は低いほうが組織は微細化し、液体金属脆性を抑制する効果がある。しかし、巻取温度が400℃未満では、硬質なマルテンサイトが過剰に生成して冷間圧延時の圧延負荷が大きくなり、所望の冷間圧延率の確保が困難になる。その結果、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下が得られない。一方、巻取温度が650℃を超えると窒化物が粗大化しやすく、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、巻取温度は400℃以上650℃以下とする。好ましくは450℃以上であり、好ましくは640℃以下である。
冷間圧延時の摩擦係数が0.25未満では、焼鈍時の核生成頻度が小さくなり鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が粗大になる。このため、液体金属が浸透しやくすなり液体金属脆性が生じやすくなる。一方、摩擦係数が0.45を超えると、表層に蓄積されたひずみが高すぎるため、後の焼鈍過程で生成される旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の方位差が15°以上となる頻度が高まる。その結果、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、方位差15°以上の旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の割合が80%以下にならない。さらに、摩擦係数が0.45を超えると、鋼板表面に荒れが生じ、所望の引張強さおよび曲げ加工性が得られない。したがって、摩擦係数は0.25以上0.45以下とする。好ましくは0.27以上であり、好ましくは0.44以下である。なお、摩擦係数とは、冷間圧延時の鋼板とロールの摩擦係数のことである。摩擦係数は、冷間圧延時の圧延荷重に基づいて計算により求めた値である。
冷間圧延率が50%未満では、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域において、板厚方向の平均粒径と圧延方向の平均粒径の比が大きくなり、液体金属が粒界を伝って鋼板の板厚方向へ浸潤しやすくなるため、液体金属脆性が生じやすくなる。一方で、冷間圧延率が65%を超えると、鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域において、粗大な析出物が生成しやすくなる。そのため、冷間圧延率を65%以下とした。したがって、冷間圧延率は50%以上65%以下とする。好ましくは55%以上であり、好ましくは60%以下とする。
焼鈍温度が750℃未満では、焼鈍時にオーステナイト変態が生じにくいため、フェライトの面積率が過剰となり、所望のマルテンサイトが得られず、引張強さ1180MPa以上の確保が困難となる。さらに、所定の焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率および残留オーステナイトの体積率が得られず、曲げ加工性が劣化する。一方、焼鈍温度が900℃超えの場合、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が粗大になるため、溶融亜鉛が鋼板の深くまで浸透し液体金属脆性が促進される。したがって、焼鈍温度は750℃以上900℃以下とする。また、750℃以上900℃以下の焼鈍温度域で5秒以上500秒以下保持することが必要である。5秒未満では焼鈍時にオーステナイト変態が生じにくい。このため、フェライトの面積率が過剰となり、所望のマルテンサイトが得られず、引張強さ1180MPa以上の確保が困難となる。さらに、所定の焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率および残留オーステナイトの体積率が得られず、曲げ加工性が劣化する。一方で、保持時間が500秒を超えると、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域および200μmの領域における旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が粗大化すると同時に、粒界に粗大な析出物が形成し、溶融亜鉛の浸透が促進され液体金属脆化が助長される。また、曲げ加工性も低下する。そのため、上限は500秒とした。好ましくは50秒以上であり、好ましくは400秒以下とする。
焼鈍後は冷却停止温度550℃以下まで冷却する。550℃超えで冷却を停止すると、所望の面積率の焼戻マルテンサイトが得られず、曲げ加工性の確保が困難となる。このため、冷却停止温度は550℃以下とする。好ましくは500℃以下である。下限は特に規定しないが、冷却停止温度は250℃以上が好ましい。
550℃以下まで冷却した後、300℃以上480℃以下の温度範囲で熱処理を施す。480℃超えでは、所望の残留オーステナイトの確保が困難となり、曲げ加工性が低下する。熱処理温度が300℃未満では、マルテンサイトの面積率が過剰になる、および、所望の面積率の焼戻マルテンサイトが得られず、曲げ加工性が劣化する。このため、熱処理温度は300℃以上480℃以下とする。好ましくは350℃以上であり、好ましくは450℃以下とする。
また、熱処理時の保持時間が10秒未満では、マルテンサイトの焼戻しが不十分となり、マルテンサイトの面積率が過剰になる、および、所望の面積率の焼戻マルテンサイトが得られず、曲げ加工性が劣化する。また、溶接時に再結晶して等軸粒となるため、液体金属脆化が生じやすくなる。なお、保持時間は、600秒以下が好ましい。
溶融亜鉛めっき処理により形成された亜鉛めっき層(溶融亜鉛めっき層)は、必要に応じて、合金化処理を施すことにより、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層としてもよい。合金化条件は特に制限されるものではないが、合金化処理の温度は、460℃以上550℃以下が好ましい。また、合金化処理する場合、めっき層中のFe濃度は9質量%以上12質量%以下が好ましい。また、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層とする場合、溶融亜鉛めっき浴中の有効Al濃度を、0.10質量%以上0.22質量%以下の範囲に調整することが、所望のめっき外観を確保する観点から好ましい。
各相の組織分率(面積率)はEBSDを用いた画像解析により求めた。鋼板の圧延方向断面(L断面)が観察面となるように、観察面を研磨し、1~3vol.%ナイタールで腐食し、鋼板表面から板厚方向に板厚4分の1に相当する位置で、500倍の倍率にて測定を実施した。なお、フェライトは、EBSDにおけるBCC-phase領域において、Confidence Index(CI)値が0.79以上として認識され、マルテンサイトはCI値が0.38以下として認識される。ベイナイトはSEM観察によりアスペクト比3以上の針状の組織として認識され、焼戻マルテンサイトはEBSDにおいてCI値が0.39以上0.78以下と認識されるBCC-phaseを指す。残留オーステナイトはEBSDによりFCC-Phaseとして区別されるため、他の組織と区別される。各組織の面積率は、同一領域内に含まれる測定点数で算出され、測定点間隔は0.1μmとし、測定時の加速電圧は15keVとした。
鋼板から、引張方向が圧延方向と直角な方向(C方向)となるようにJIS 5号引張試験片を採取し、JIS Z 2241(2011)の規定に準拠して、引張試験を実施し、引張特性(降伏強さYS、引張強さTS、破断伸びEl)を求めた。また、引張特性は、下記の場合を良好と判断した。
YS≧950MPa、TS≧1180MPa、EL≧12%
(3)穴広げ性
鋼板から、100mm×100mmサイズの試験片を採取し、JIS Z 2256(2010)の規定に準拠して、クリアランス12±1%にて、10mmφの穴を打ち抜き、60°の円錐ポンチを上昇させ穴を広げた際に、き裂が板厚方向を貫通したところでポンチの上昇を止め、き裂貫通後の穴径と試験前の穴径から穴広げ率λ(%)を測定した。また、穴拡げ性はλ≧45%の場合を良好と判断した。
曲げ加工性の評価は、JIS Z 2248に規定のVブロック法に基づき実施した。ここで、曲げ試験は、圧延方向が曲げ稜線となる方向で実施した。評価用サンプルは、鋼板の幅方向の板幅(w)で1/8w、1/4w、1/2w、3/4w、7/8wの5箇所で採取した。曲げ試験では曲げ部の外側についてき裂の有無を目視で確認した。き裂が発生しない最小の曲げ半径を限界曲げ半径とし、5箇所の限界曲げ半径を平均して鋼板の限界曲げ半径とした。本発明ではR/tが3.0以下を良好と判断している。
得られた鋼板から、板厚1.2mm×幅150mm×長さ50mmサイズの試験片を1枚採取した。この試験片に対して、590MPa級溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を重ね合わせ、抵抗溶接(スポット溶接)を実施した。2枚の鋼板を重ねた板組について、サーボモータ加圧式で単相交流(50Hz)の抵抗溶接機を用いて板組を3°傾けた状態で抵抗スポット溶接した。溶接条件は加圧力を4.0kN、ホールドタイムを0.2秒とした。溶接電流と溶接時間はナゲット径が4√tmm(t:高強度鋼板の板厚)になるように調整した。溶接サンプル数はN=2である。溶接後はナゲット試験片を半切して、断面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、0.1mm以上のき裂が認められないものを耐液体金属脆性が良好である場合、「○」と評価し、0.1mm超のき裂が認められたものを「×」とした。き裂観察は、ノーエッチングで実施し、観察倍率は150倍とした。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、C:0.150%以上0.350%以下、
Si:2.0%以下、
Mn:3.50%以下、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
Al:0.30%以上2.00%以下、
N:0.010%以下、
Ti:0.50%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
鋼組織は、
フェライトの面積率が5%以下、
マルテンサイトの面積率が2%以上10%以下、
ベイナイトの面積率が5%以上37%以下、
焼戻マルテンサイトの面積率が42%以上65%以下、
残留オーステナイトの体積率が3%以上15%以下、
フェライトおよびベイナイトの平均粒径が3μm以下、
鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの領域における、旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が10μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒界の80%以下が、方位差が15°以上の大角粒界であり、
鋼板表面から板厚方向に200μmの領域における、析出物の平均粒径が1.0μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の平均粒径が15μm以下、
旧オーステナイト粒の板厚方向の平均粒径が圧延方向の平均粒径の0.9以下である
引張強さが1180MPa以上の高強度鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに質量%で、
Nb:0.2%以下、
Cr:0.50%以下、
Mo:0.50%以下、
を少なくとも1種含有する請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに質量%で、
B:0.0050%以下、
Cu:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.000%以下、
Co:0.020%以下、
W:0.500%以下、
Sn:0.200%以下、
Sb:0.200%以下、
V:0.500%以下、
Ca:0.0050%以下、
Mg:0.0050%以下、
REM:0.0050%以下、
を少なくとも1種含有する請求項1または2に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 鋼板表面に亜鉛めっき層を有する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、オーステナイト単相域に加熱し、仕上圧延入側温度950℃以上1150℃以下、仕上圧延出側温度850℃以上950℃以下、最終圧延パスの圧延速度600mpm以上で熱間圧延し、熱間圧延終了後0.5秒以上経過後に水冷し、巻取温度400℃以上650℃以下で巻取り、酸洗後、摩擦係数が0.25以上0.45以下、冷間圧延率50%以上65%以下で冷間圧延し、引き続き焼鈍温度750℃以上900℃以下で、保持時間5秒以上500秒以下で焼鈍し、その後550℃以下まで冷却し、続いて、300℃以上480℃以下で、10秒以上保持する熱処理を施す高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理後、亜鉛めっき処理を施す請求項5に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記亜鉛めっき処理は、溶融亜鉛めっき処理である請求項6に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき処理である請求項7に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
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