WO2021147321A1 - Ventilateur à tirage induit à volume d'air constant - Google Patents

Ventilateur à tirage induit à volume d'air constant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021147321A1
WO2021147321A1 PCT/CN2020/112384 CN2020112384W WO2021147321A1 WO 2021147321 A1 WO2021147321 A1 WO 2021147321A1 CN 2020112384 W CN2020112384 W CN 2020112384W WO 2021147321 A1 WO2021147321 A1 WO 2021147321A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
air volume
constant air
induced draft
power
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/112384
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林炎虎
张先胜
王嘉麟
张淼
Original Assignee
中山大洋电机股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202020146552.4U external-priority patent/CN211901021U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010074819.8A external-priority patent/CN111207098A/zh
Application filed by 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 filed Critical 中山大洋电机股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021147321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021147321A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constant air volume induced draft fan.
  • the existing DC induced draft fans are all constant-speed induced draft fans, and the output air volume of the DC induced draft fans is unstable when the static pressure fluctuates greatly.
  • Patent name A constant air volume control with direct power control of a PM motor Method and its applied HVAC system; this patented constant air volume control method is suitable for low static pressure (0-300Pa), low speed (0-2000RPM), and large air volume (0-1000CFM).
  • the current induced draft fan is equipped with a motor controller behind the motor, and some electronic components in the motor controller have a high axial height, which results in a larger axial size of the entire induced draft fan, which affects the installation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume induced draft fan, which solves the technical problem that the application range of constant air volume control is narrow by controlling the motor input power and the motor speed in the prior art.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume induced draft fan, which solves the technical problem of the large axial size of the entire induced draft fan in the prior art, which affects the installation.
  • a constant air volume induced draft fan includes a volute, a wind wheel, and a motor.
  • the motor is installed outside the volute through a mounting bracket.
  • the motor includes a motor body and a motor controller.
  • the motor body includes a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly, a rotating shaft, and a motor housing.
  • a wind wheel is installed in the volute, and the motor drives the wind wheel to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit and a microprocessor.
  • the set constant air volume control function P/a f(n/b), by controlling the input power and speed to make the induced draft fan output a constant air volume, where P is the motor input power, n is the motor speed, and a is the power proportional coefficient , B is the proportional coefficient of speed.
  • C 1 , C 2 ,..., Cm are coefficients.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a bus current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the bus current detection circuit and the bus voltage detection circuit detect real-time bus current IDC and real-time bus voltage VDC.
  • Real-time motor input power Pi IDC ⁇ VDC.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit described above includes a phase line current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the above-mentioned motor controller includes a control box and a control circuit board.
  • the control circuit board is installed inside the control box.
  • the end of the motor housing is equipped with the control box.
  • the opening of the control box faces the end of the motor housing.
  • the width H of the control box is larger than that of the motor housing.
  • the diameter D of the control circuit board should be wide, the edge of the control circuit board is arranged with a longer axial length of the electronic vitality part, and the bottom of the longer axial length of the electronic vitality part extends out of the control box and is located on one side of the motor housing.
  • the aforementioned electronic element with longer axial length is a capacitive element.
  • the control box described above has a baffle extending axially, and the baffle shields the outer side of the electronic vitality element with a long axial length.
  • the above-mentioned baffle is also connected to a cover plate.
  • the cover plate includes a left side plate, a right side plate and a bottom plate.
  • the left side plate, the right side plate, the bottom plate and the baffle enclose the cover body to cover the long axial length electronics. Outside the bottom of the vitality piece.
  • the bottom of the baffle mentioned above is provided with upper mounting ears protruding outwards, the lower mounting ears protruding outwards from the cover plate, and the upper mounting ears and the lower mounting ears are connected by a first screw.
  • the above-mentioned motor housing includes a rear end cover, lower lugs extend from both sides of the rear end cover, upper lugs extend from both sides of the control box, and the lower lug and the upper lug are connected by a second screw.
  • the present invention has the following effects:
  • the constant air volume induced draft fan of the present invention includes a volute, a wind wheel, and a motor.
  • the motor is installed outside the volute through a mounting bracket.
  • the motor includes a motor body and a motor controller.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit.
  • the operating speed range of the induced draft fan can be 0-8000RPM, the static pressure range is 0-1000Pa, and the small output air volume is 0-300CFM, which is suitable for different working environment requirements.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an induced draft fan according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view from another angle of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a partial structure of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a motor controller of an induced draft fan according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the motor controller of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of the motor controller of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial circuit diagram corresponding to Fig. 9;
  • Figure 11 is a control flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cluster of constant air volume fitting curves obtained through experimental measurements in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a curve diagram of experimental data fitting curve for direct power control of a constant air volume of a 1/3HP PM motor in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a curve diagram of the experimental data fitting curve of using interpolation to solve arbitrary input air volume in the second embodiment of the present invention
  • 15 is a control logic diagram of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a control process of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another control process of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 19 is a block diagram of an implementation circuit of the motor controller of the PM motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a traditional vector control of a typical PM motor
  • Fig. 21 is a diagram of the relationship between the coordinate systems of a typical vector control of a traditional PM motor
  • Figure 22 is a control logic diagram of the constant air volume control method of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a constant air volume induced draft fan, which includes a volute 1, a wind wheel 2, and a motor 3.
  • the motor 3 is installed outside the volute 1 through a mounting bracket 4.
  • the motor 3 includes a motor body And a motor controller.
  • the motor body includes a stator assembly 31, a permanent magnet rotor assembly 32, a rotating shaft 33, and a motor housing 34.
  • a wind wheel 2 is installed in the volute 1, and the motor 3 drives the wind wheel 2 to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes The control box 35 and the control circuit board 36 are installed in the control box 35.
  • the control box 35 is installed at the end of the motor housing 34.
  • the opening 351 of the control box 35 faces the end of the motor housing 34.
  • the width H of the control box 35 is greater than The diameter D of the motor housing 34 should be wide.
  • the edge of the control circuit board 36 is provided with an electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length.
  • the bottom of the electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length extends out of the control box 35 and is located in the motor housing. 34 on the side. In this way, the height of the motor body and the motor controller combination is reduced, and the space is small, which is suitable for installation of different loads and is more compact.
  • the aforementioned electronic element 37 with a longer axial length is a capacitive element and has a reasonable layout.
  • the aforementioned control box shaft 35 has a baffle 352 extending in the direction.
  • the baffle 352 covers the outer side of the electronic vitality element 37 with a longer axial length.
  • the baffle 352 can prevent collision and block the water outside.
  • the above-mentioned baffle 352 is also connected to a cover plate 38.
  • the cover plate 38 includes a left side plate 381, a right side plate 382 and a bottom plate 383.
  • the left side plate 381, the right side plate 382, the bottom plate 383 and the baffle 352 form a cover.
  • the body cover is outside the bottom of the electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length. In this way, the airtightness of the electronic vitality component 37 can be greatly improved, and the electronic vitality component 37 can be effectively protected.
  • the bottom of the baffle 352 described above is provided with an upper mounting ear 3521 protruding outward, a lower mounting ear 384 protruding from the cover plate 38, and the upper mounting ear 3521 and the lower mounting ear 384 are connected by a first screw 40.
  • the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient.
  • the above-mentioned motor housing 34 includes a rear end cover 341, lower lugs 3411 extend from both sides of the rear end cover 341, upper lugs 353, lower lugs 3411 and upper lugs 353 extend from both sides of the control box 35. It is connected by the second screw 39, the structure is simple and the installation is convenient.
  • the control circuit board 36 of the motor controller integrates the following circuits: microprocessor, inverter circuit, phase current measurement circuit, bus current detection circuit, bus voltage detection circuit, rectifier circuit, switching power supply and The protection circuit, the phase current measurement circuit detects the phase current of the coil winding in the stator assembly and inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor estimates the real-time speed n and rotor position of the motor based on the phase current of the coil winding.
  • the bus current detection circuit connects the bus The current is input to the microprocessor, and the bus voltage detection circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit.
  • the inverter circuit controls the power on and off of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly, and the microprocessor controls the motor. Input power control circuit.
  • the rotor position measurement circuit 14 generally uses 3 Hall sensors, and the 3 Hall sensors respectively detect the rotor position in a 360-degree electrical angle cycle, every 120 degrees of rotation. The electrical angle changes the energization of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly 12 once to form a 3-phase 6-step control mode.
  • the DC bus voltage VDC is output at one end of the capacitor C1.
  • the DC bus voltage VDC is related to the input AC voltage.
  • the DC bus current IDC can be changed.
  • the inverter circuit is composed of electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6.
  • the control terminals of the electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 are respectively output by the microprocessor It is controlled by 6 PWM signals (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6).
  • the inverter circuit is also connected to the resistor R1 to detect the bus current IDC.
  • the bus current detection circuit converts the detected bus current IDC of the resistor R1 and transmits it to microprocessor.
  • the motor input power control is controlled by the electronic switch tube Q7, and a PWM signal output by the microprocessor-namely P0, controls the on-time of the electronic switch tube Q7 to control the motor input power.
  • the protection circuit includes an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, and an overtemperature protection circuit.
  • the PM motor direct power control constant air volume control method
  • the PM motor drives the wind wheel
  • the PM motor has a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly and a motor controller
  • the device includes a microprocessor, an inverter circuit, a rotor position measurement circuit, a bus current detection circuit, a bus voltage detection circuit, and a motor input power control circuit (not shown in the figure).
  • the rotor position measurement circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the micro
  • the processor calculates the real-time speed n of the motor according to the rotor position signal
  • the bus current detection circuit inputs the bus current to the microprocessor
  • the bus voltage detection circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor
  • the microprocessor controls the reverse
  • the variable circuit, the inverter circuit controls the on and off of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly, and the microprocessor controls the motor input power control circuit, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
  • Step A) Start the motor controller and receive the target air volume value IN-CFM
  • Step F If the power increment value ⁇ P is greater than or equal to the set value Pset; the power/speed control logic will calculate whether the operating time of the speed loop is reached; if the operating time of the speed loop is not reached, keep the current operating point;
  • a constant air volume CFM is provided by controlling the power and speed at a specific static pressure.
  • the characteristic curve represents the physical characteristics of the constant air volume that maintains the control power and speed.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficient of the polynomial can be obtained by the least square method.
  • each target air volume corresponds to a set of C 1 , C 2 and C 3 coefficients as shown in Table 1 below:
  • Figure 13 is the experimental data fitting curve diagram of the direct power control constant air volume of a 1/3HP PM motor in a small pipe HVAC system.
  • the system selects some typical air volume CFM as the test point to establish a
  • the database is used for building mathematical models. These typical points include minimum and maximum air volume values, with some intermediate points added. According to product specifications, there are 5 typical air volume CFMs as test points, 150CFM/300CFM/450CFM/600CFM and 750CFM.
  • Table 2 shows an example of the test data results.
  • the range of the motor speed is from 200 to 1400rpm; the static pressure of the system is from 0 to 1000Pa.
  • each predetermined CFM air volume corresponds to the quadratic function of power and speed, obtained in a standard calculation method: these equations define the power and the speed of any system operating point at a specific static pressure.
  • the motor system defines a corresponding function, and the trajectory of its operating point follows the function definition. Equations (3) to (7) can be expressed as a standard equation, and C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are constants.
  • the requested constant air volume IN-CFM is not one of the modeling curves, use an interpolation method to obtain a new characteristic equation to fit the requested constant air volume IN-CFM, for example, when the requested constant air volume IN-CFM is requested
  • the weight value W is calculated as follows:
  • the real-time input power Pi of the motor is processed by a digital low-pass filter: the application of filtering technology of an infinite impulse response filter assumes that the input and output are sampled within the sampling period (PWM switching frequency).
  • the sequence representation of power input (P in1 ,...P ini ..., P inn ) and the sequence representation of power output (Pout1,...Pouti...,Poutn) correspond to the same time point, and then the low-pass filter can be considered as:
  • the discrete-time, low-pass filter can be expressed as an exponentially weighted moving average.
  • the change from one filter output to the next is proportional to the difference between the previous output and input, and this smoothness exponentially decays in proportion to the continuous time system.
  • the discrete-time smoothing factor ⁇ decreases, and the sequence of power output (Pout1,...Pouti...,Poutn) reacts slowly, and the sequence of power input represents (P in1 , ...P ini ..., P inn ) Therefore, the system has higher inertia.
  • This filtering technique can also be applied to the two signal processing calculations of DC bus voltage and DC bus current.
  • DPC Direct Power Control
  • the function of the power/speed control logic is to coordinate the power/speed loop time constant to ensure the stability of the system. Control can be achieved by controlling the precise control of the motor, comparing with torque control. Whether it is scalar or vector control, speed control is more effective than torque control, which improves control accuracy.
  • DPC control is speed control through unique power and fan load speed characteristics.
  • the motor goes from zero speed to high speed, the power also increases from zero to high speed.
  • the motor speed will rise until it reaches a pair of operating points A (power, speed), which is the static pressure point, as shown in Figure 16.
  • A power, speed
  • the motor provides more power (or Greater torque) to maintain speed, due to higher static pressure requires a lot of power requirements.
  • the power will suddenly rise to a higher level.
  • the algorithm will know whether it is at a constant CFM trajectory curve operating point, thereby determining a pair of power/ Speed point "C”. But point C is not a stable operating point. Due to high power requirements, go to point "D”, repeat, and wait until it converges to a new stable operating point "G", and end.
  • Figure 15 is the logic block diagram of this algorithm in the PM motor scalar control application.
  • the input power is calculated from the DC bus voltage and current.
  • the power and speed will be limited to the maximum power P max and the speed n max .
  • the real-time output power Pi of the motor obtains the power difference ⁇ P, and the power difference ⁇ P is limited to avoid excessive power difference ⁇ P and large adjustment power fluctuations.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is output through the power/speed control logic for speed loop control, and the PWM inverter performs speed control.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a bus current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the PM motor is a 3-phase brushless DC permanent magnet synchronous motor based on vector control without a rotor position sensor.
  • the phase current detection circuit detects the phase current of the stator winding and then inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the flow observer calculates the rotor speed n and rotor position based on the phase current and the DC bus voltage.
  • the DC bus voltage Vbus is output at one end of the capacitor C1, and the DC bus voltage Vbus is related to the input AC voltage.
  • Figure 20 is A typical block diagram of vector control.
  • FIG 21 it is a typical coordinate system diagram of vector control.
  • Vector control is described in detail in textbooks and patent documents, so there is no need to describe it here. Knowing the target speed of control, vector control can be used to achieve closed-loop control.
  • ⁇ represents the rotor speed
  • ⁇ is the rotation angle between the d-q axis coordinate system and the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate
  • ⁇ is the rotation load angle between the d-q axis coordinate system and the ds-qs axis coordinate system. Therefore, the vector current and vector voltage of the d-q axis coordinate system can be converted into the current and voltage of the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a phase current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the phase current detection circuit and the bus voltage detection circuit detect the phase current and bus voltage data and input the phase current and bus voltage data to the microprocessor.
  • the logical block diagram of the DPC constant air volume control method As shown in Figure 22, in the sensorless vector control PM motor system, the logical block diagram of the DPC constant air volume control method.
  • the input power is calculated by the vector control. This power is filtered and used for power control.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is obtained, and the power difference ⁇ P is limited to avoid excessive power difference ⁇ P and large fluctuations in the adjustment power.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is output through the power/speed control logic for speed loop control, and the speed loop control is realized through vector control.
  • the data of this embodiment is the data obtained when the air volume is 0-1000 CFM, the static pressure is at a low static pressure of 0-300 Pa, and the speed is 0-2000 RPM, which is suitable for constant air volume under this condition.
  • the present invention uses the small constant air volume induced draft fan of the first embodiment. Its output air volume is in the range of 0-300CFM, working in the range of 0-1000Pa, and the rotating speed is in the range of 0-8000RPM. After calculation and comparison, the experimental data of embodiment 1 is very good. Most of the mismatches result in a large constant air volume control error, which cannot meet the customer's requirements, especially when the static pressure is 500Pa-1000Pa and the rotation speed is 4000RPM-8000RPM, the original data error is very large. Therefore, this embodiment provides a new solution on the basis of the second embodiment to expand the requirements of the working environment to which it can adapt.
  • the calculation model of this embodiment is the same as the calculation model of the second embodiment.
  • the reason for increasing the power proportional coefficient a and speed proportional coefficient b is that when the target constant air volume is not the air volume value in the table, it needs to be calculated by interpolation.
  • the coefficients obtained by the interpolation method are limited.
  • the coefficient calculated by the interpolation method will overflow (the coefficient exceeds 2 16 ), and the calculation result cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the power proportional coefficient a and the speed proportional coefficient b .
  • both P/a and n/b need to be around 1 (between 0-2). According to the measured speed and power range, the value of the power proportional coefficient a is obtained in the range of 50-100.
  • the scale factor b is in the range of 3000-8000.
  • This embodiment provides: a constant air volume induced draft fan, including a volute 1, a wind wheel 2, and a motor 3.
  • the motor 3 is installed outside the volute 1 through a mounting bracket 4, the motor 3 includes a motor body and a motor controller, and the motor body includes The stator assembly 31, the permanent magnet rotor assembly 32, the rotating shaft 33, the motor housing 34, the volute 1 is equipped with a wind wheel 2, and the motor 3 drives the wind wheel 2 to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit and a micro
  • the induced draft fan can output a constant air volume.
  • C 1 , C 2 ,..., Cm are coefficients.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ventilateur à tirage induit à volume d'air constant comprenant une volute (1), une roue générant de l'air (2) et un moteur électrique (3), le moteur électrique (3) étant installé à l'extérieur de la volute (1) au moyen d'un support d'installation (4) ; le moteur électrique (3) comprend un corps de moteur électrique et un dispositif de commande de moteur électrique ; le corps de moteur électrique comprend un ensemble stator (31), un ensemble rotor à aimant permanent (32), un arbre rotatif (33) et une coque (34) de moteur électrique ; la roue générant de l'air (2) est installée dans la volute (1) ; le moteur électrique (3) entraîne la roue générant de l'air (2) en rotation ; le dispositif de commande de moteur électrique comprend un circuit de détection de paramètres de fonctionnement de moteur électrique et un microprocesseur ; et le microprocesseur, en fonction d'une valeur de volume d'air cible d'entrée IN-CFM et d'une expression relationnelle fonctionnelle P/a ＝ f(n/b) de régulation de volume d'air constant, permet au ventilateur à tirage induit de délivrer un volume d'air constant en régulant la puissance d'entrée et la vitesse de rotation, dans laquelle P représente la puissance d'entrée de moteur électrique, n représente la vitesse de rotation de moteur électrique, a représente un coefficient de proportionnalité de puissance et b représente un coefficient de proportionnalité de la vitesse de rotation. En augmentant le coefficient a de proportionnalité de puissance et le coefficient b de proportionnalité de vitesse de rotation, le ventilateur à tirage induit peut satisfaire aux exigences de différents environnements de travail.
PCT/CN2020/112384 2020-01-22 2020-08-31 Ventilateur à tirage induit à volume d'air constant WO2021147321A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010074819.8 2020-01-22
CN202020146552.4 2020-01-22
CN202020146552.4U CN211901021U (zh) 2020-01-22 2020-01-22 一种引风机
CN202010074819.8A CN111207098A (zh) 2020-01-22 2020-01-22 一种恒风量引风机

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