WO2021145866A1 - Buse de traitement laser positionnée en hauteur - Google Patents

Buse de traitement laser positionnée en hauteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021145866A1
WO2021145866A1 PCT/US2020/013558 US2020013558W WO2021145866A1 WO 2021145866 A1 WO2021145866 A1 WO 2021145866A1 US 2020013558 W US2020013558 W US 2020013558W WO 2021145866 A1 WO2021145866 A1 WO 2021145866A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body portion
double nozzle
nozzle
inner body
fluid flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/013558
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth J. Woods
David J. Cook
Joe Ciambra
Marco Celeghin
Aaron D. Brandt
Sanjay Garg
Original Assignee
Hypertherm, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hypertherm, Inc. filed Critical Hypertherm, Inc.
Priority to EP20704720.0A priority Critical patent/EP4090491A1/fr
Priority to CN202080098517.2A priority patent/CN115210030A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2020/013558 priority patent/WO2021145866A1/fr
Publication of WO2021145866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021145866A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of laser cutting systems and processes. More specifically, the invention relates to improved alignment of a laser beam and fluid flow within a double nozzle.
  • a laser-cutting machine generally includes a high-power laser, a nozzle, a gas stream, an optical system, and a computer numeric control (CNC) system.
  • the laser beam and gas stream pass through an orifice of the nozzle and impinge upon a workpiece.
  • the laser beam heats the workpiece, which, in conjunction with any chemical reaction between the gas and workpiece material, alters (e.g., liquefies and/or vaporizes) a selected area of workpiece, allowing an operator to cut or otherwise modify the workpiece.
  • the laser optics and CNC are used to position and direct the laser beam relative to the workpiece during a cutting operation. Lasers are frequently used in material processing applications because laser beams can be focused to small spot sizes, thereby achieving the intensity and power density desired to process industrial-strength materials, such as metals.
  • alignment of system components can be critical to system life and performance.
  • alignment of the nozzle bore and/or orifice to the nozzle holder and laser cutting head optics can be critical to proper functioning of the laser cutting process.
  • alignment of the laser beam and the gas jet can be critical to achieving uniform cut quality around all sides of the workpiece.
  • One instance in which alignment issues manifest is during component replacement and installation, during which the nozzle bore(s) and/or orifice(s) must be aligned with a longitudinal axis of the laser head, and thus the laser beam, so as to avoid non-symmetric gas flow about the beam.
  • a double nozzle typically has two pieces (e.g., an inner and an outer nozzle portion) that are press-fitted or threaded together.
  • a primary function of a double nozzle is to create two separate flows of gas within an inner and an outer nozzle portion. One flow of gas is delivered through a central bore and positioned along the axis of the laser beam itself, while a second flow of gas surrounds the central bore and provides a coaxial flow with different characteristics.
  • the central flow helps to remove material during the cutting process as the laser beam heats the material and the process gas ejects the material from the kerf, while the coaxial flow provides additional benefits such as a protective flow around the central flow, preventing entrainment of air into the molten kerf and surrounding the kerf with the correct gas chemistry for the material being processed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art double nozzle configuration.
  • a double nozzle 100 includes an inner body portion 102 (e.g., inner nozzle portion or inner nozzle) and an outer body portion 104 (e.g., outer nozzle portion or outer nozzle) joined at an interface surface 124.
  • the inner body portion 102 has an orifice 112 that permits the laser beam to pass through the double nozzle 100.
  • the outer body portion 104 has an orifice 114 and an alignment surface 122 for aligning the double nozzle 100 with a laser machining head (not shown).
  • two separate surface interfaces determine alignment of the inner nozzle orifice 112 relative to a longitudinal axis 107 of the laser machining head and thus the laser beam itself: (1) the alignment surface 122 with the laser machining head; and (2) the nozzle interface 124 between the inner body portion 102 and the outer body portion 104.
  • the inner nozzle orifice 112 of inner body portion 102 in Figure 1 is smaller than the outer nozzle orifice 114 and is located closer to the laser beam during operation than the outer nozzle orifice 114.
  • alignment of the inner nozzle orifice 112 can be particularly important to performance and life of the double nozzle 100.
  • the alignment of the inner nozzle orifice 112 with the longitudinal axis 107 of the laser machining head, and thus the laser beam via two separate interfaces, depends on the accuracy and precision of four separate surfaces that create each of these two-surface interfaces.
  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for aligning a laser beam within a nozzle bore and/or orifice of a laser cutting system.
  • certain surfaces between constituent parts of the nozzle are re-designed (e.g., the surface between an inner bore of a double nozzle and a longitudinal axis of the laser machining head) so that the number of interface surfaces (i.e., opportunities for misalignment) is minimized.
  • alignment of the beam and the nozzle bore, and consequently gas shrouding and alignment are improved.
  • manufacturing tolerances on nozzle interfaces are loosened, and operation and installation of the system are simplified.
  • One advantage of the invention is to provide a more uniform secondary fluid flow and/or an improved functional alignment with respect to standard designs (e.g., three- milled flats). Another advantage of the invention is to provide improved alignment of a double nozzle that is nearly equal to that of a single nozzle. Another advantage of the invention is to enable a more reliable, repeatable operation (e.g., whether attended or unattended; hand loaded or auto-loaded; and/or hand aligned or machine aligned).
  • Another advantage of the invention is to minimize the chance for assembly errors and mixing of parts (e.g., particularly if outer and inner nozzles are pre-assembled and fastened within a cartridge). Another advantage of the invention is to provide a non-press fit relationship of the inner and the outer nozzle portions. Another advantage of the invention is increase the alignment along conical surfaces, which can also improve radial alignment. Another advantage of the invention is to enable centering of a nozzle into a chamfer or cone region without using a threaded configuration. Another advantage of the invention is to simplify the assembly process and need for an extensive interference and/or press fit to hold the inner and outer nozzles together.
  • the invention features a double nozzle for a laser processing head.
  • the double nozzle includes an inner body portion having (i) an interior surface defining a first bore, and (ii) an exterior surface, the bore aligned with a central longitudinal axis of the body.
  • the double nozzle also includes an outer body portion having an interior surface defining a second bore that is substantially aligned to the longitudinal axis.
  • the outer body portion is matingly engaged with a region of the exterior surface of the inner body portion.
  • the region between the exterior surface of the inner body portion and the interior surface of the outer body portion defines at least six coaxial fluid flow paths through an interior annular flow volume of the double nozzle. Each fluid flow path is defined at least in part by a corresponding feature formed in at least one of the inner body portion or the outer body portion.
  • the region includes an interface between the exterior surface of the inner body portion and the interior surface of the outer body portion.
  • the coaxial fluid flow paths are shaped to increase fluid flow and uniformity of fluid flow through the double nozzle.
  • each of the fluid flow paths is defined at least partially by a corresponding feature in the exterior surface of the inner body portion.
  • each of the fluid flow paths is defined at least partially by a corresponding feature in the interior surface of the outer body portion.
  • each of the fluid flow paths includes a scalloped or curved surface.
  • the interface between the exterior surface of the inner body portion and the interior surface of the outer body portion is at least partially defined by one or more step features.
  • each of the features is configured to assist with seating and alignment of the inner body portion relative to the outer body portion during assembly of the double nozzle. In some embodiments, the substantial alignment is less than about 0.002 inches.
  • the invention features a double nozzle for a laser processing head.
  • the double nozzle includes an inner body portion having an interior surface defining a first bore, a first exterior circumferential surface disposed toward a distal end of the inner body portion, and a second exterior circumferential surface disposed toward a proximal end of the inner body portion.
  • the second exterior circumferential surface is shaped to mate and align with the laser processing head.
  • the double nozzle also includes an outer body portion having an interior surface defining a second bore. The outer body portion matingly engages with the first exterior circumferential surface of the inner body portion and is isolated from direct alignment contact with the laser processing head.
  • the inner body portion and the outer body portion are aligned to define a coaxial fluid flow path therethrough.
  • the second exterior circumferential surface is tapered relative to a longitudinal axis of the double nozzle. In some embodiments, the tapered surface is at an angle of about 4.5 degrees to about 5.5 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • the double nozzle further includes a set of fluid flow paths formed between the inner body portion and the outer body portion. In some embodiments, the set of fluid flow paths is formed at an interface between the first exterior circumferential surface of the inner body portion and the outer body portion. In some embodiments, the set of fluid flow paths includes six distinct flow paths.
  • the second exterior circumferential surface includes a conical interference interface with the interior surface of the outer body portion, the conical interface including a spacing of about 0.001 to 0.003 inches between the surfaces.
  • the inner body portion and the outer body portion are crimped using a force of about 2000 lbF.
  • the second bore of the outer body portion includes an axial stop for positioning relative to the inner body portion.
  • the inner body portion has a conical datum feature received by the second bore of the outer body portion.
  • the inner body portion and the outer body portion can provide at least about 25% improvement in alignment. That is, the new designs and configurations described herein can provide better alignment than conventional systems.
  • the double nozzle is configured to provide a better flow profile than some conventional systems.
  • the systems and methods herein can yield a flow that is more uniform and allow for a wider range of adjustment in flow rate than some conventional systems.
  • a 3-slot nozzle can produce pressures that vary between 1 psi and 1.33 psi, which can be a peak-peak variation of 28% about the mean.
  • the inventive nozzles described herein can also produce pressures that vary between 1.51 psi and 1.57 psi, which can be a peak-peak variation of 4% about the mean.
  • the inventive multiple flow grooved nozzles described herein can result in ⁇ 7x reduction in flow non uniformities compared to some conventional 3-slot nozzles.
  • the invention features a method of cutting a workpiece using a laser cutting system.
  • the method includes providing a laser processing head and a double nozzle.
  • the double nozzle has an inner body portion, an outer body portion, and an axial bore.
  • the inner body portion has a first exterior surface shaped to complement a contoured alignment surface on the laser processing head and a second exterior surface shaped to complement an interior circumferential mating surface of the outer body portion.
  • the outer body portion is secured to the inner body portion along the circumferential mating surface and isolated from direct alignment contact with the laser processing head.
  • the method further includes installing the double nozzle in the laser processing head to align to a longitudinal axis of the laser processing head.
  • the method further includes flowing a fluid through a primary flow path and at least one secondary flow path formed in the double nozzle.
  • the method further includes generating a laser beam along the longitudinal axis of the laser processing head.
  • the method further includes cutting a workpiece with the laser beam as it exits the double nozzle.
  • the second exterior surface is tapered relative to a longitudinal axis of the double nozzle. In some embodiments, the taper is at an angle of about 4.5 degrees to about 5.5 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the double nozzle further comprises a set of fluid flow paths formed between the inner body portion and the outer body portion. In some embodiments, the set of fluid flow paths is formed at an interface between the first exterior surface of the inner body portion and the outer body portion. In some embodiments, the set of fluid flow paths includes six distinct flow paths.
  • the second exterior surface is a conical interference interface with the interior surface of the outer body portion, the conical interface including a spacing of about 0.001 to 0.003 inches between the surfaces.
  • the inner body portion and the outer body portion are crimped using a force of about 2000 lbF.
  • the second bore of the outer body portion includes an axial stop for positioning relative to the inner body portion.
  • the inner body portion has a conical datum feature received by the second bore of the outer body portion.
  • the inner body portion and the outer body portion can provide at least about 25% improvement in alignment. That is, the new designs and configurations described herein can provide better alignment than conventional systems.
  • the double nozzle is configured to provide a better flow profile than some conventional systems. For example, in some cases, the systems and methods herein can yield a flow that is more uniform and allow for a wider range of adjustment in flow rate than some conventional systems.
  • a 3-slot nozzle can produce pressures that vary between 1 psi and 1.33 psi, which can be a peak-peak variation of 28% about the mean.
  • the inventive nozzles described herein can also produce pressures that vary between 1.51 psi and 1.57 psi, which can be a peak-peak variation of 4% about the mean.
  • the inventive multiple flow grooved nozzles described herein can result in ⁇ 7x reduction in flow non-uniformities compared to some conventional 3-slot nozzles.
  • the contoured surface of the nozzle has an arcuate shape and may be sectioned or may have a tapered alignment surface to promote even seating.
  • the inner nozzle has all or many of its “flow-creating” features positioned highly to a tapered seat.
  • the outer nozzle is highly positioned to inner and fastened to ensure alignment, safe operation at high pressure, seal of gas and conductivity of capacitive circuit. Because slip fits, press fits, and diametrical mating features have inherent variation, in order to ensure consistent performance, tight tolerances must be maintained on double nozzles of this design (tolerances that are difficult to achieve even with high precision CNC lathes).
  • an interface surface between the double nozzle and the laser machine head is formed directly on the inner body portion of the double nozzle.
  • complementary countered surfaces are formed on the machining head and the inner body portion, which can center and align the bore with the longitudinal axis of the head.
  • the invention features both of these improvements in a “hybrid” design.
  • the invention can include a tapered seat on the inner nozzle component to functionally align the primary gas flow with the laser beam and head.
  • the nozzle bore and the angled functional datum feature can be machined simultaneously such that they are highly positioned and coaxial.
  • the double nozzle design is further improved with a tapered or shaped interface between the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle, such that the radial position errors are minimized through hard contact of the tapered or shaped surfaces.
  • This tapered contact method can improve coaxiality at the expense of axial alignment, which can be functionally less sensitive or critical.
  • the tapered seat on the inner nozzle and the shaped interface between the inner and outer nozzle are separable concepts, which may be used together or separately to achieve the results and benefits described herein.
  • the invention features a double nozzle for a laser processing head.
  • the double nozzle includes an inner body portion having an interior surface defining a bore for passing a laser beam.
  • the inner body portion also has a first interface surface near a distal end of the inner body portion.
  • the first interface surface includes a plurality of channels.
  • the inner body portion also includes an exterior surface near a proximal end of the inner body portion, and is shaped to engage the laser processing head.
  • the bore is aligned with a central longitudinal axis of the double nozzle.
  • Each channel includes interior and exterior non-parallel linear (e.g., non-arced, angled, angular, or converging-diverging) edges in a cross-section that passes though the central longitudinal axis of the double nozzle.
  • the double nozzle also includes an outer body portion connected to the inner body portion.
  • the outer body portion defines a jet surface.
  • the jet surface and the plurality of channels define a corresponding plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths about the bore and between the inner body portion and the outer body portion.
  • the inner body portion is integrally formed with the outer body portion.
  • a distal portion of the first interface surface is tapered radially inward toward the bore. In some embodiments, the distal portion of the first interface surface is tapered at an angle between 30 and 45 degrees.
  • the plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths includes at least six distinct fluid flow paths. In some embodiments, each fluid flow path in the plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths has a non-circular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, each fluid flow path in the plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths has a converging portion and a diverging portion joined at a throat region. In some embodiments, each throat region has a cross sectional area of 0.25 - 2.5 square millimeters. In some embodiments, each throat region has a linear width of 0.25 - 1.5 millimeters.
  • each converging portion is located near a proximal end of the double nozzle and each diverging portion is located near a distal end of the double nozzle.
  • the inner body portion and the auxiliary fluid flow paths have distal extrema substantially flush with a front face of the double nozzle.
  • the auxiliary fluid flow paths are in fluid communication with a plenum region of the double nozzle.
  • the plurality of channels is shaped to produce a supersonic gas flow at pressures above approximately 15 psig.
  • the plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths is angled relative to the central longitudinal axis.
  • the double nozzle includes a second interface surface disposed on a proximal portion of the inner body portion and an alignment surface disposed on the outer body portion.
  • the second interface surface and the alignment surface are shaped to rigidly join the inner body portion and outer body portion.
  • the double nozzle includes a plurality of gas dampening antechambers fluidly connected to the plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths.
  • the plurality of gas dampening antechambers is configured to maintain a fixed volume of dampening gas.
  • each of the antechambers has a combined inlet and outlet.
  • the invention features a double nozzle for a laser processing head.
  • the double nozzle includes an inner body portion having an interior surface defining a laser beam bore.
  • the inner body portion also has a first interface surface disposed near a distal end of the inner body.
  • the first interface surface includes a plurality of channels.
  • the bore is aligned with a central longitudinal axis of the double nozzle.
  • the double nozzle also includes an outer body portion connected to the inner body portion.
  • the outer body portion defines a jet surface.
  • the jet surface of the outer body portion and the plurality of channels define a plurality of auxiliary fluid flow paths about the laser beam bore and between the inner body portion and the outer body portion.
  • the auxiliary fluid flow paths have a total cross-sectional area of 0.5-30 square millimeters.
  • At least one of the auxiliary fluid flow paths has a converging section toward its proximal end and a diverging section toward its distal end.
  • a throat portion connects the converging section and the diverging section.
  • the throat portion has a cross sectional area of 0.25 to 2.5 square millimeters.
  • the double nozzle includes an outer surface disposed at a proximal end of the inner body and shaped to matingly engage and align to the laser processing head.
  • the inner body portion is integrally formed with the outer body portion.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a prior art double nozzle for a laser cutting system.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of an improved double nozzle for a laser cutting system, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional half-sectional view of an improved double nozzle for a laser cutting system, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional diagram of an improved double nozzle for a laser cutting system in which the inner body portion is conically seated within the outer body portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 4A-4B show perspective views of double nozzles having more than three slots, according to illustrative embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 5A shows a three-dimensional measured flow mapping of a standard three- slot design for a double nozzle.
  • Figure 5B shows a three-dimensional measured flow mapping of a six-groove design for a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of an inner body portion of a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view from the side of the nozzle of one possible step feature of a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8A shows a perspective view of a double nozzle for a laser processing head, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8B shows an exploded view of the double nozzle of Figure 8A, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8C shows atop view of the double nozzle of Figure 8 A, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8D shows a cross-sectional view of the double nozzle of Figure 8A, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 9A-9B show schematic views of converging-diverging flow channel geometries, according to illustrative embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a top view of eight possible double nozzles having different flow configurations, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 11 A-l IB show half-sectional views of nozzles each having a unitary construction, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of an improved double nozzle 200 for a laser cutting system, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the double nozzle 200 includes an inner body portion 202 having an interior surface 203 defining an inner nozzle bore 205 and an inner nozzle orifice 212.
  • the inner body portion 202 has a first exterior circumferential surface 223 disposed toward a distal end 209 of the inner body portion 202.
  • the inner body portion 202 has a second exterior circumferential surface 222 disposed toward a proximal end 221 of the inner body portion 202.
  • the double nozzle 200 also includes an outer body portion 204 having an interior surface 225 defining an outer nozzle bore 211 and an outer nozzle orifice 214.
  • the second exterior circumferential surface 222 is shaped to mate and align (e.g., directly) with the laser processing head (not shown).
  • the outer body portion 204 is matingly engaged with the first exterior circumferential surface 223 of the inner body portion 202 and is isolated (e.g., substantially) from direct alignment contact with the laser processing head.
  • the inner body portion 202 and the outer body portion 204 are aligned to define a coaxial fluid flow path 231 therethrough.
  • the double nozzle 200 has similar external and internal dimensions to the prior art double nozzle 100 shown and described above in Figure 1. However, the double nozzle 200 has fewer interface surfaces between the inner nozzle bore 212 of the inner body portion 202 and the longitudinal axis 207 of the laser beam.
  • the double nozzle 200 has one interface as a result of forming the second exterior circumferential surface 222 (the nozzle machining head interface surface) directly on the inner body portion 202.
  • the reduction in interface surfaces can be due to a relocation of the interface 224 between the inner and outer body portions 202, 204, as compared with the interface 124 of the prior art.
  • Such a re-configuration reduces the number of “direct alignment contact” surfaces, e.g., surfaces that control alignment of inner nozzle bore 212 relative to longitudinal axis 207 (even though, in some configurations, some physical contact may be present between the surfaces).
  • the number of direct alignment contact surfaces is two (i.e., the nozzle machining head interface surface 222 and its complementary surface on the laser head) from the four surfaces shown in the prior art configuration of Figure 1.
  • the double nozzle 200 provides a more direct connection between the longitudinal axis 207 and the inner nozzle bore 212, loosens manufacturing requirements on outer body portion 204, and reduces installation complexity and verification procedures.
  • the laser beam and the gas flow can be insulated from direct effects of any assembly errors.
  • the inner and outer body portions 202, 204 may be affixed by a variety of methods including friction welding or press fits.
  • the nozzle machining head interface surface 222 of the double nozzle 200 can include a contoured surface shaped to complement a contoured alignment surface on the laser machining head.
  • the contoured surface of the double nozzle 200 mates with the contoured alignment surface of the laser machining head, facilitating alignment of the double nozzle 200 with the longitudinal axis 207.
  • This alignment occurs because as the double nozzle 200 is installed in the laser machining head, the contoured mating surface contacts the first contoured alignment surface centering the double nozzle 200, thereby causing the longitudinal axis 207 of the double nozzle 200 to align with the torch axis and thus the laser beam. As a result, the double nozzle 200 becomes centered about the laser beam to provide a concentric uniform annular gas flow about the laser beam to facilitate torch operation. This radially-centered double nozzle 200 avoids the field replacement and alignment problems of the prior art, and/or reduces or eliminates the high precision manufacturing requirements of multiple parts.
  • the contoured surface is an arcuate section and/or a linear taper.
  • Such an arcuate section can have a fixed radius of curvature or several radii of curvature.
  • Contoured or tapered alignment surfaces can promote even seating and alignment of the double nozzle 200 and the inner nozzle bore 212 relative to the longitudinal axis 207.
  • the angle formed between the taper and the axis of the laser beam can be any value less than 90 degrees, preferably less than about 45 degrees and, more preferably, less than about 20 degrees.
  • Such configurations can help to pair contoured mating surfaces with contoured alignment surfaces to centrally dispose the double nozzle 200 along the longitudinal axis 207.
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional half-sectional view of an improved double nozzle 300 for a laser cutting system, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the double nozzle 300 includes an inner body portion 302 having an inner nozzle bore 312 and an outer body portion 304 having an outer nozzle bore 314, both of which are oriented along a longitudinal axis 307 of the laser beam.
  • the double nozzle 300 has a similar configuration to the double nozzle 200 shown and described above in Figure 2, with several notable differences.
  • the interface 324 between the inner body portion 302 and the outer body portion 304 is tapered in a “conical seating” arrangement with respect to the longitudinal axis 307.
  • this “conical interference” interface 324 is a “conical interference interface,” which can have a linear dimension of about 0.001 to 0.003 inches. In some embodiments, the conical interference interface 324 can be pressed and crimped, e.g., to about 20001bF.
  • the inner body portion 302 also includes an exterior surface 322.
  • the exterior surface 322 can include a conical datum feature that is aligned to the through bore.
  • the outer body portion 304 can have an “axial stop” 306. The conical interference interface 324 and/or the axial stop 306 can help align the inner body portion 302 to the outer body portion 304 and the longitudinal axis 307.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional diagram of another improved double nozzle 400 for a laser cutting system, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the double nozzle 400 includes an inner body portion 402 having an inner nozzle bore 412 and an outer body portion 404 having an outer nozzle bore 414, which are oriented along a longitudinal axis 407 of the laser beam.
  • the double nozzle 400 has a similar configuration to the double nozzle 300 shown and described above in Figure 3 with respect to the “conical seating” arrangement, although the Figure 4 configuration does not employ the reduced number of interface surfaces shown in Figure 2.
  • the inner body portion 402 is conically seated within the outer body portion 404.
  • the conical seating itself improves alignment of inner nozzle bore 412 and outer nozzle bore 414 with respect to the longitudinal axis 407 (and hence the laser beam), independent of the benefits of the redesign shown in Figure 2.
  • coaxiality of the inner body portion and the outer body portion can be further improved by avoiding slip fits and press fits in favor of a clearance fit, with inner and outer body portions adjusted to a coaxial position via precise tooling and subsequently attached to each other (e.g., via screws, tabs, welds, glue bonds, solder joints or another method that results in the two parts being fixed in a highly positioned coaxial arrangement).
  • the inner and outer body portions can be made to have a low impedance, high conductivity bond (e.g., to allow for high frequency AC capacitive height sensing signals to pass between the inner body portion and the outer body portion).
  • Such a configuration can be achieved through direct contact of fasteners, conductive elements within expox mix, soft solder, silver braze, or welding (e.g., laser welding, friction welding, or ebeam welding).
  • welding e.g., laser welding, friction welding, or ebeam welding.
  • nozzles can be formed pre-aligned and fixtured, and/or glued or otherwise welded, bonded, fastened and joined for industrial cutting applications and solutions.
  • uniformity of the double nozzle flow is important to the consistency of the cut process.
  • most double nozzles are characterized by an inner nozzle with a tri-lobe feature and three slots to meter and distribute the flow about the central process gas bore.
  • these three slots can create a non-uniform flow within the double nozzle.
  • the invention uses more than three slots.
  • Figure 4A shows a double nozzle 450 having twelve slots 455A- L
  • Figure 4B shows a double nozzle 460 having six slots 465A-465F.
  • the configurations of the nozzles 450, 460 can improve alignment between nozzles 450 and 460 as well as enhance the process consistency and cut quality over traditional three-slot or three-bore configurations.
  • the distinct flow passages including the “slots” shown in Figures 4A-4B can take a variety of other forms, e.g., can be holes, grooves, channels, or other features configured to form distinct co-axial fluid flow paths through the double nozzle and/or to improve fluid flow and decrease non-uniformity of fluid flow (e.g., from the perspective of the laser beam).
  • Figure 4B shows a reduced contact surface area between the ribs 466A-466F of the inner nozzle 460 and the outer nozzle 461, reducing the opportunities for misalignment.
  • an improvement of about 50% improvement in alignment has been observed: whereas prior art embodiments have seen discrepancies in alignment of about 0.003 inches between an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle, configurations in accordance with the principles of Figure 4B can achieve discrepancies of about half that amount, e.g., about 0.0015 inches.
  • each of the features of the current invention has a comparatively smaller contact area and circumferential width than the comparable counterpart ribs on the conventional three slot design.
  • This reduction in circumferential width results in a more uniform and consistent gas flow between the inner nozzle 460 and outer nozzle 461 as these interfaces between the inner nozzle 460 and the outer nozzle 461 have a reduced effect on gas flow interrupted by their presence and as such limit the size of downstream flow dead spots.
  • Figure 5A shows a three-dimensional measured flow mapping of a standard three- slot design for a double nozzle
  • Figure 5B shows a three-dimensional measured flow mapping of a six-groove design for a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the Figure 5B diagram shows improved (e.g., more even or radially symmetric) distribution, including with fewer interruptions in comparison to the Figure 5A.
  • Figure 5A shows non-uniformity of the outer flow, and the bumps (e.g., bumps 501 and 502) and dips (e.g., dip 503), caused by corresponding slots, can be easily visualized.
  • FIG. 5A The bumps shown in Figure 5A are diametrically opposed to the slot location, and the dips fall in between the bumps, indicating that the slot flow “shoots” across and under the inner nozzle to exit the nozzle bore at a diametrically opposite location.
  • Figure 5B shows that in the six-groove design, the outer pressure shelf is more uniform (e.g., less impacted by the more numerous but comparatively smaller features).
  • the flow characteristics within the double nozzle can be dramatically impacted by the shape and/or size of the features (e.g., slots, holes, or other features) defining the fluid passageways.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of an inner body portion 600 of a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the inner body portion 600 defines six features (e.g., slots 601A-601F, which when mated with the outer body portion form six flow passages about the central bore) in between six corresponding features (e.g., slots 601A-601F, which when mated with the outer body portion form six flow passages about the central bore) in between six corresponding
  • ribs or features 602A-602F.
  • the features 601A-601F have a
  • the features 602A-602F further include step features (e.g., 603A and 603F as depicted, with corresponding features for the remaining ribs not visible in this view) that assist with seating and alignment of the inner body portion 600 relative to the outer nozzle (not shown) during assembly.
  • the step features 603A-603F help to reduce the area over which an interference fit is needed, which can have benefits for assembly, such as reduced likelihood of pinching, rocking, or misalignment.
  • the slots can be formed in the outer nozzle, in addition to or alternatively to being formed in the inner body portion 600.
  • step features 603A- 603F may be located in the rearmost portion of inner body portion 600 (e.g., occupying about less than the back 20% of the inner body portion, in one embodiment occupying about less than the back 10% of the inner body portion).
  • Features 601 A-601F are raised radially outward slightly relative to the forward portions of features 602A-602F.
  • Features 602A-602F are sized to contact an interior surface of outer nozzle 461 during assembly, the six features roughly aligning inner body portion 600 with outer nozzle 461 during the initial part of assembly.
  • step features 603A-603F begin to contact an interior surface of outer nozzle 461 in an interference fit style fashion, further driving alignment between inner body portion 600 and outer nozzle 461 and securing inner body portion 600 within outer nozzle 461.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view from the side of the nozzle of one possible step feature 702 of a double nozzle, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • an outer nozzle 704 and an inner nozzle 706 are shown interfacing at or near the step feature 702.
  • the outer nozzle 704 includes an interior surface 708 (depicted without diagonal shading).
  • the step feature 702 can be formed in the outer nozzle 704 and perform the same or substantially the same function as described above.
  • FIG 8A shows a perspective view of a double nozzle 800 for a laser processing head, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the double nozzle 800 includes an inner body portion 804 and an outer body portion 808 (also shown in an exploded view in Figure 8B) and has a proximal end 812 and a distal end 816 (which can also be used to refer to the ends of the inner body portion 804 and the outer body portion 808 individually).
  • the outer body portion 808 can include a generally tapered shape.
  • the widest section of the outer body portion 808 can include a cylindrical and/or corrugated outer surface 836 for facilitating easy installation or removal of the nozzle.
  • the inner body portion 804 includes, near its proximal end 812, an exterior surface 832, which can be shaped to engage and/or connect to a laser processing head.
  • the inner body portion 804 also includes an inner surface 820 defining a laser beam bore 822.
  • the laser beam bore 822 is aligned with a central longitudinal axis 826 of the double nozzle 800.
  • the inner body portion 804 also includes a first interface surface 824 near the distal end 816 of the inner body portion 804.
  • the first interface surface 824 can be an exterior surface that includes a plurality of channels 828 (e.g., channels 828A- H), each of which includes interior and exterior linear or non-arced edges as viewed in a cross-section that passes through the central longitudinal axis 826 of the double nozzle 800 (e.g., as shown and described below in Figure 8D).
  • a jet surface 834 defined by an interior of the outer body portion 808 forms, together with the first interface surface 824 of the inner body portion 804, a plurality of auxiliary fluid flow channels 828A-H.
  • the shapes of these channels can alter the gas flow characteristics within the channels, e.g., as shown and described below.
  • Figure 8C shows atop view of the double nozzle 800 of Figure 8A, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the “straight-edge” (e.g., non- arced) channels 828A-828H are visible from the top.
  • the channels 828A-828H guide the formation of discrete jets of gas through the double nozzle 800 when auxiliary gas is passed through them (as opposed to, for example, circular holes).
  • Such straight-edge channels can allow a high degree of control over the jet dimensions (e.g., during machining, as the width, angle, and depth of the channel can be controlled independently, as compared with a cylindrical channel, in which only one dimension — the diameter — can effectively be controlled).
  • the double nozzle 800 can include a different number of channels than eight, e.g., any other number between three and twelve.
  • Figure 8D shows a cross-sectional view of the double nozzle 800 of Figure 8B, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the cross-section is taken through the sectioning line 844 shown in Figure 8C.
  • the inner body portion 804 includes an inner nozzle 848 and an outer nozzle 852.
  • the outer nozzle 852 includes the passageways 856A and 856E, which correspond to two of the eight slots (and/or passageways) shown in Figure 8C.
  • the passageways 856A and 856E have edges that are straight and sharply angled inward and outward, creating a converging-diverging structure that is difficult to achieve in a circular geometry. This function is expanded upon below in Figures 9A and 9B.
  • DIA1 is between 2-10mm.
  • DIA2 is between l-4mm.
  • DIA3 is between 0.8-3mm.
  • ANGLE1 is between 5- 30 degrees.
  • ANGLE2 is between 5-50 degrees.
  • ANGLE3 is between 5-30 degrees.
  • D EXT THROAT is between 0.5 -2mm.
  • FIGS 9A-9B show schematic views of converging-diverging flow channel geometries 900, 950, according to illustrative embodiments of the invention.
  • the converging-diverging flow channels 900, 950 allow a relatively low amount of gas to be used in comparison to the wide gas jet obtained at the workpiece surface.
  • Converging regions 904, 954 are joined with diverging regions 908, 958 at throat regions 912, 962.
  • the throat regions 912, 962 have a minimum cross-sectional area in the channels 900, 950, which determines the amount of gas 916, 966 that flows through the channels 900, 950.
  • the gases 916, 966 can be traveling at less than the speed of sound.
  • the gases 916, 966 can be traveling at the speed of sound.
  • the gases 916, 962 can be traveling faster than the speed of sound.
  • one gas source can be used to create a uniform array of angled jets that direct gas flow toward and/or in alignment with the laser beam using a double nozzle with an annular hole and array of holes.
  • the plurality of jets has a flow rate to pressure ratio of 2-14 SLPM/PSI. In some embodiments, the plurality of jets has a flow rate of 10-25% at equivalent pressures for the same nozzle “effective area” when compared to a single nozzle.
  • the laser nozzle auxiliary jets are fed directly off the plenum.
  • the double nozzle includes a separate gas feed to outer jets, which could house a different gas.
  • the tips of the channels angle inward, e.g., at a 30-45 angle toward the tip of the nozzle. Such embodiments can help direct the gas jet toward the cut, e.g., such that whatever jet is trailing the cut better directs it into the kerf.
  • the double nozzle 800 results in one or more of the following benefits.
  • a reduction in gas consumption for same effective cross-sectional flow area through the nozzle can be realized.
  • Most or all significant flow features can be located on the inner body portion, which can be in direct contact with laser cutting head. Improved alignment can be maintained via highly positioned interfaces.
  • Auxiliary features e.g., slots
  • nozzle design space can be freed and tailorability can be increased, e.g., because non-circular slots with straight edges can be more easily controlled during machining to have a desired cross-sectional width and/or shape, leading to easier and/or improved manufacturability.
  • Other potential benefits include improved alignment, higher cutting speeds, better cut quality, and lower gas consumption.
  • Figure 10 shows atop view of eight possible double nozzles 1004, 1008, 1012, 1016, 1020, 1024, 1028, 1032 having different flow configurations, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • double nozzles 1004 and 1008 each have eight flow channels, the dimensions and/or shapes of each of these flow channels differ, with the total cross-sectional area occupied by flow channels in double nozzle 1004 being greater at the tip than the comparable area in double nozzle 1008.
  • the exterior can look the same but have different flow characteristics depending on the internal feature geometries.
  • Figures 11A-11B show half-sectional views of nozzles 1100, 1150 each having a unitary construction (e.g., formed from a unitary piece of material or being a unitary device in final construction), according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • a unitary construction e.g., formed from a unitary piece of material or being a unitary device in final construction
  • This construction is distinct from a traditional nozzle for high pressure laser cutting, which includes a two-piece assembly to create a desired flow profile.
  • this two-piece configuration can increase required assembly labor, which in turn increases cost and even decreases alignment accuracy of the components.
  • the configuration of nozzles 1100 and 1150 which each have a unitary body, can create a similar or an improved flow profile using a single piece, which may lower manufacturing cost and/or improve performance. Manufacturing can be carried out using a traditional turning operation or a 3D printing operation.
  • the flow passages can have varying geometries, shapes, angles, or features to improve the cutting performance, reduce gas usage, or both.
  • the nozzle 1100 includes three elliptical flow passageways (e.g., 1104A, 1104B, 1104C) as shown in half section, whereas the nozzle 1150 includes ten circular flow passageways (e.g., 1154A, 1154B, 1154C, etc.) as shown in half section.
  • Nozzles 1100 and 1150 each include a unitary body, which may be produced via many methods such as three-dimensional printing.
  • a converging-diverging structure e.g., as shown and described above

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Une double buse pour une tête de traitement laser comprend une partie corps interne ayant une surface intérieure délimitant un alésage pour faire passer un faisceau laser, une première surface d'interface à proximité d'une extrémité distale de la partie de corps interne, la première surface d'interface comprenant une pluralité de canaux, et une surface extérieure à proximité d'une extrémité proximale de la partie de corps interne et dimensionnée pour venir en prise avec la tête de traitement laser. Chaque canal comprend des bords linéaires intérieurs et extérieurs dans une section transversale qui passe à travers un axe longitudinal central de la double buse. La double buse comprend également une partie de corps externe reliée à la partie de corps interne. La partie de corps externe délimite une surface de jet, qui, conjointement avec la pluralité de canaux, délimite une pluralité correspondante de trajets d'écoulement de fluide auxiliaires autour de l'alésage et entre la partie de corps interne et la partie de corps externe.
PCT/US2020/013558 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 Buse de traitement laser positionnée en hauteur WO2021145866A1 (fr)

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EP20704720.0A EP4090491A1 (fr) 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 Buse de traitement laser positionnée en hauteur
CN202080098517.2A CN115210030A (zh) 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 高水平定位的激光加工喷嘴
PCT/US2020/013558 WO2021145866A1 (fr) 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 Buse de traitement laser positionnée en hauteur

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023039793A1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-23 深圳市摆渡微电子有限公司 Buse de distribution de colle et son procédé de fabrication
US12017410B1 (en) * 2023-10-16 2024-06-25 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Hollow extrusion nozzle

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US20150196975A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Powder overlay nozzle

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US20060266740A1 (en) * 2004-02-03 2006-11-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Powder metal cladding nozzle
US20150196975A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Powder overlay nozzle

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023039793A1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-23 深圳市摆渡微电子有限公司 Buse de distribution de colle et son procédé de fabrication
US12017410B1 (en) * 2023-10-16 2024-06-25 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Hollow extrusion nozzle

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CN115210030A (zh) 2022-10-18

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