WO2021143944A1 - 灭火系统 - Google Patents

灭火系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143944A1
WO2021143944A1 PCT/CN2021/079466 CN2021079466W WO2021143944A1 WO 2021143944 A1 WO2021143944 A1 WO 2021143944A1 CN 2021079466 W CN2021079466 W CN 2021079466W WO 2021143944 A1 WO2021143944 A1 WO 2021143944A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
fire extinguishing
component
equipment
bomb
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/079466
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈春霞
陈昊玟
陈怡然
Original Assignee
陈春霞
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Application filed by 陈春霞 filed Critical 陈春霞
Publication of WO2021143944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143944A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/025—Fire extinguishing bombs; Projectiles and launchers therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B3/00—Devices or single parts for facilitating escape from buildings or the like, e.g. protection shields, protection screens; Portable devices for preventing smoke penetrating into distinct parts of buildings
    • A62B3/005—Rescue tools with forcing action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
    • B64D1/02—Dropping, ejecting, or releasing articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
    • B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting
    • B64D1/18—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting by spraying, e.g. insecticides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fire safety, in particular to a fire extinguishing system, in particular to a fire extinguishing system and its key equipment, components and fire fighting methods.
  • Fire safety has always been the focus of people's death. It is not only related to huge property losses but also to people's life safety. At the same time, fire fighting is also a dangerous operation, which poses a great threat to the personal safety of firefighters.
  • drones have become more and more popular, and drones have huge advantages in carrying fire extinguishing bombs. They carry a large number of fire extinguishing bombs through drone clusters, approach the fire source at close distances, and perform coordinated fire fighting operations.
  • the fire source conducts integrated inspection and fire fighting and cluster cooperative fire extinguishing operations, so it is very flexibly suitable for fire extinguishing operations in various emergency and dangerous situations, especially suitable for fire extinguishing operations in urban high-rise buildings.
  • the propulsion part or fire extinguishing part of the existing fire extinguishing bomb generally adopts a metal shell to withstand long-term storage pressure and ensure the sealing performance during long-term high-pressure storage, so the structure is heavy; if you want to reduce weight, generally composite shells can also be used However, the composite shell has a complicated process and high manufacturing cost, which is not conducive to large-scale low-cost production and promotion.
  • the patent document with the publication number CN107308570A discloses a fire extinguishing system that contains water pipes and multi-rotor aircraft, and also includes water tanks, power supplies, flexible pipes (such as hoses, water pipes, etc.), fire pumps, and connection fire pumps.
  • the system can help high-rise buildings to extinguish fires.
  • this solution requires a water tank on the roof and requires personnel to operate on the roof.
  • the actual fire conditions rarely allow personnel to climb to the top, and it is only suitable for fires in urban areas such as high-rise buildings. Extreme situations such as oil depots, chemical product areas, weapons depots, and nuclear power plants extinguishing fires are not applicable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing system.
  • a fire extinguishing system provided according to the present invention includes manned/unmanned aircraft, airborne equipment, airborne fire-fighting and rescue equipment, ground firefighting equipment, and support vehicles.
  • the manned/unmanned aircraft is equipped with onboard equipment and/ Or airborne fire-fighting and rescue equipment;
  • ground fire-fighting equipment and support vehicles include command and communication equipment, ground fire-fighting equipment, vehicles and their facilities;
  • the airborne equipment includes a transmitting device, and also includes any one or more of the following equipment:
  • the airborne fire fighting and rescue equipment includes any one or more of the following equipment:
  • the fire extinguishing bomb includes:
  • -Fire extinguishing department components that realize the fire extinguishing function, including storage silos filled with fluid, pseudo-fluid or fire extinguishing agent;
  • -Propulsion part the parts that provide propulsion power, including storage bins filled with fluids, pseudo-fluids or fire extinguishing agents;
  • -Drive source component connect the fire extinguishing unit and the propulsion unit to drive the work of the fire extinguishing unit and the propulsion unit; the drive source component directly compresses the volume occupied by the medium in the fire extinguishing unit storage bin, or directly compresses the volume of the fire extinguishing unit storage bin to drive The medium is sprayed to the outside of the fire extinguishing part through the injection port of the fire extinguishing part storage bin, thereby extinguishing the external fire source; the driving source component directly compresses the volume occupied by the medium in the propulsion part storage bin, or directly compresses the volume of the propulsion part storage bin, The driving medium is sprayed to the outside of the propulsion part through the ejection port of the propulsion part storage bin, so that the fire extinguishing bomb obtains forward propulsion;
  • -Control components connect the fire extinguishing department, the propulsion department and the drive source components to realize the orderly work of the fire extinguishing department and the propulsion department;
  • -Flight stability control components installed on the fire extinguishing bomb to realize the stable flight of the fire extinguishing bomb.
  • control component includes a control mechanism and a locking and unlocking mechanism connected to each other, the control mechanism includes an energy component, a timing component, and a safety mechanism, and the locking and unlocking mechanism includes a locking component and an unlocking component;
  • the energy component is connected to the time sequence component, the safety mechanism, the locking component and the unlocking component and provides energy for it, and the time sequence component is connected to the safety mechanism, the locking component and the unlocking component;
  • the energy component uses physical or chemical means to provide energy;
  • the time sequence component Using electrical or mechanical means to control the timing of the action of the unlocking component;
  • the safety mechanism can intervene in the operation of the timing component;
  • the locking component adopts a physical or chemical means to achieve the locking function;
  • the energy component releases energy to operate the locking and unlocking mechanism to complete the unlocking action; in the safe state, the locking component locks the drive source component and prevents it from working, and unlocks it under the drive of the control mechanism
  • the components are unlocked according to time sequence or action, so that the drive source components can start to work normally.
  • the insurance mechanism adopts an isolation energy component, a control circuit on and off, or a mechanical mechanism to prevent the operation of the sequential component to ensure the safety of the fire extinguishing bomb in an insurance state;
  • the insurance mechanism is any one or more of the following insurance components:
  • -Ground safety component the use of a knob or button switch mechanism can ensure the safety of the fire extinguishing bomb on the ground and before being mounted on a manned/unmanned aircraft. After confirming that it is mounted, manually twist the knob or actuate it by the mechanism. Realize the circuit or mechanical mechanism to ensure the effective release of subsequent launches;
  • the launch release is realized through the external force provided by the launching device on the manned/unmanned aircraft platform, so that the timing components can start to work normally;
  • -Bounce safety component use the combination of logic gate circuit and the falling plug or mechanical insurance. After the propulsion part is working, use the body movement to make the falling plug fall off, trigger the logic gate circuit to connect to the fire extinguishing circuit or use the body movement to release the mechanism Insurance, which enables the sequential components to operate and releases the insurance, which can prevent the fire extinguishing department from triggering accidentally before the fire extinguishing bomb is launched
  • the unlocking component uses any one or more of the following methods to achieve unlocking:
  • the transmission mechanism is driven by physical or chemical energy to complete the specified actuation stroke and realize unlocking;
  • -Pneumatic/hydraulic valve By adjusting the air pressure/hydraulic pressure of the pneumatic/hydraulic valve, the pressure difference is formed to drive the unlocking device to operate in place to complete the unlocking;
  • the actuating device is operated to complete the unlocking action by releasing physical or chemical energy
  • -Destructive valve Use physical or chemical energy to destroy the locking component to complete the unlocking.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb has two types: a first type fire extinguishing bomb and a second type fire extinguishing bomb.
  • the first type fire extinguishing bomb sprays the fire extinguishing medium when it reaches the fire source or when it approaches the fire source. After the fire extinguishing bomb flies near the fire source, search for the fire source and move to the fire source before spraying the fire extinguishing medium;
  • the second type fire extinguishing bomb also includes a sighting component and a moving component.
  • the sighting component uses one or more sensors to detect the position and distance of the fire source target, and feedback the fire source target information to the moving component; the movement component is based on The fire source and target information fed back by the sighting component, after making independent decisions or feeding back the information to the ground command system, move to the fire source target position under remote control instructions;
  • the movement component adopts any one or any of the following components:
  • Carrying components after fire extinguishing bombs or fire-fighting territories, they can approach the fire source by rolling themselves or bring their own carrying components;
  • the propulsion unit sprays the medium in a directional direction, so that it rushes to the fire source target again;
  • the launch safety assembly adopts a telescopic launch release protection mechanism, including a spring, a pull ring, a proximity sensor switch, and a safety structure.
  • One end of the spring is fixed in the bomb body and connected to the proximity sensor switch probe, and the spring is other One end is connected to the magnet head of the pull ring and the proximity sensor switch; when the fuse is installed, pull the pull ring out of the projectile and mount it on the launcher of the manned/drone. The distance is pulled to disconnect the proximity sensor switch Circuit:
  • the launching device releases the pull ring and the spring.
  • the proximity sensor switch probe and the magnet head approach again, the circuit is turned on and the protection is released, and the timing component is triggered to operate.
  • the flight stability control component adopts any one or any of the following components:
  • -Aerodynamic stability control component use the aerodynamic force during flight to achieve flight stability control; the aerodynamic stability control component adopts missile wings and/or air rudders;
  • -Spin stabilization control component achieve flight stability through spin; stabilize the rotation of the projectile body through the launcher or slide/rifling mechanism, or achieve spin stability through the jet medium, or achieve spin stability through the jet vector control mechanism;
  • -Mass distance stability control module by adjusting the position of the center of mass in a timely manner to ensure flight stability
  • the flight attitude is corrected by spraying the medium to ensure flight stability.
  • the towing bomb is delivered to the vicinity of the fire source through the launching device or the power mechanism, it is secured by any one or more of the following methods:
  • the traction projectile hooks and grasps the obstacle through the mechanical structure as the support point of traction;
  • the towing bomb directly penetrates the weak part or space of the building, penetrates the building and then falls to the ground to be fixed, and then acts as a support point for towing.
  • the towing rope carried or towed by the towing bomb is connected to the ground equipment. After confirming that the traction force meets the conditions, the towing rope is used to tow the fire hose and the fire fighting equipment to or near the window; or the towing rope is used to carry out personnel rescue and firefighters entering jobs.
  • the ground fire-fighting equipment and support vehicle include any one or any of the following components:
  • the towing rope towed by the towing bomb is used to pull the fire pipe belt to the fire source; the towing equipment adopts any one or any of the following traction methods:
  • the traction equipment uses the roller wire walking method to pull the fire pipe belt to the fire source;
  • the traction equipment is equipped with a backward spout, and the fire extinguishing medium in the pipe belt is used to spray backwards to obtain the forward action force to pull the fire pipe to the fire source;
  • -A pulley is set at the towing part of the towing bomb to divide the towing rope into two strands, the upward and downward strands.
  • the fire pipe strap is fixed on one strand of the towing rope and the other strand is pulled. Pull the rope to pull the fire hose to the fire source.
  • the broken window system includes any one or more of the following components:
  • -Broken window bomb Launched by the launcher on the manned/unmanned aircraft to the vicinity of the fire source, using the sharp object on the broken window bomb to hit the broken window;
  • a manned/unmanned aircraft will send the window breaker to the designated position of the window glass to break the window;
  • -Directional energy window breaking device use directional energy to break the window, the directional energy adopts laser, jet, hydraulic cutting or sandblasting;
  • -Demolition mechanism use the demolition mechanism to break windows through demolition
  • -Physical or chemical window breaking using the physical or chemical properties of the window glass to break the window.
  • the physical or chemical window breaking uses sound waves, liquid nitrogen injection, or chemical reagents to break the window.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention contains multiple types of fire extinguishing bombs, such as fire extinguishing bombs, towing bombs, rescue bombs, etc.
  • the fire fighting method is practical and flexible, and can realize multi-dimensional (including time dimension, task dimension, etc.) fire fighting and rescue. It is suitable for various types of fire-fighting bombs. A fire-fighting and rescue mission in a complex fire scene.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb provided by the present invention obtains forward thrust by spraying the medium, so it does not produce recoil, and does not adversely affect the stability and control of the carrier; it uses spraying instead of explosive throwing of the fire extinguishing agent, reducing the risk; using water or aqueous solution as The medium, through spraying water to push the fire extinguishing bomb to the fire source, has the advantages of no secondary fire source, no recoil, no pollution, and low cost. It can be widely used in all kinds of fire fighting operations in emergency and dangerous situations, especially suitable for cities. UAV-borne fire extinguishing operations in high-rise buildings.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb itself or its fire extinguishing part provided by the present invention also has its own sighting component and movement component. After flying to the vicinity of the fire source, the fire extinguishing bomb or its fire extinguishing part can be moved, maneuvered or terminated by means of self-seeking or remote remote control. Correcting to the fire source, or targeting the fire source for directional spraying of fire extinguishing agents, realizes the full coverage of fire extinguishing operations in the depths, corners and barrier areas of high-rise buildings.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb provided by the present invention has separate drive source components. This design makes the fire extinguishing part and propelling part of the fire extinguishing bomb only need to meet the high pressure and sealing requirements released by the driving source in a short time, avoiding the entire fire extinguishing Because of the need to consider the requirements of long-term storage pressure and sealing, the metal shell or composite material shell must be used in the department or the propulsion department, which effectively reduces the structural weight and process complexity; it adopts high-strength engineering plastics and other lightweight materials as the The materials of structural parts such as shells can be mass-produced by injection molding, which meets the requirements of light weight and low cost; for drones with limited load, the lightweight of the projectile is very important; it is useful for firefighting and extinguishing. Said, low cost can be used on a large scale.
  • the present invention adopts a variety of insurance agencies to ensure the safety of launch and realize online security release.
  • the towing projectile provided by the present invention is delivered to the fire source by means of manned/unmanned aerial vehicle or ground fire-fighting equipment, trying to be fixed near the fire source, and hooked, grasped or stuck on the obstacle near the fire source.
  • the tow rope towed by the tow rope connects the fire source and the ground fire-fighting equipment, which can be Pull the ground fire-fighting equipment such as fire pipe belts to the fire source, and then continue to provide extinguishing agent from the ground directly to the fire source to extinguish the fire, which solves the problem of continuous fire fighting; it can also use the traction rope to carry out personnel rescue and firefighter entry work.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb provided by the present invention adopts new technologies and new schemes such as water jet propulsion, spray type fire extinguishing part, multiple safety insurance design, lightweight and cheap material shell, smart homing, traction pipe, directional spraying, etc., and it is practical Strong, high safety, low cost after large-scale batch production, it can solve various problems faced by existing high-rise buildings and various emergency and dangerous places.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the key equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire extinguishing bomb according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire extinguishing bomb control component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic launching and releasing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the retractable launching and releasing mechanism in an insurance state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the retractable launching and releasing mechanism in the releasing state of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows:
  • Fire extinguishing medium (fluid/quasi-fluid/extinguishing agent, etc.) 14 Launch insurance component 4132
  • Compression component of the promotion department 22 Launch insurance structure 41324
  • Propelling medium (fluid/quasi-fluid/extinguishing agent, etc.) 23 Locking and unlocking mechanism 42
  • the present invention provides a fire extinguishing system.
  • the fire extinguishing system consists of manned/unmanned aircraft and its onboard equipment, various types of fire extinguishing and rescue bombs and other airborne fire extinguishing and rescue equipment, ground facilities and equipment, and support vehicles.
  • it includes a reconnaissance and propaganda drone group, a drone group carrying a broken window system, a drone group carrying fire extinguishing bombs, a drone group spraying fire extinguishing agents, a drone group carrying towing bombs, and a rescue group carrying The unmanned aerial vehicle group, ground support equipment and vehicles, etc. of the missile.
  • a fire extinguishing system includes manned/unmanned aircraft, airborne equipment, airborne firefighting and rescue equipment, ground firefighting equipment, and support vehicles.
  • Airborne equipment and/or airborne firefighting and rescue equipment are installed on the aircraft; ground firefighting equipment and support vehicles include command communication equipment, ground firefighting equipment, vehicles and their facilities;
  • the airborne equipment of the airborne equipment includes launching devices, and Any one or more of the following equipment: -reconnaissance equipment; -speaking equipment;
  • the airborne fire fighting and rescue equipment includes any one or more of the following equipment: -fire extinguishing bombs; -towing bombs; -rescue bombs; -fire extinguishing agents Spray equipment;-broken window system.
  • the launching device is a device for launching various types of fire-fighting and rescue fire-fighting bombs.
  • the fire-fighting bombs or launching tubes are arranged vertically on the vertical line at the center of mass of the drone. Compared with the horizontal arrangement or the front-to-back arrangement, it can avoid After the fire bomb is launched, the whole machine is deflected due to the large change in the position of the center of mass in the horizontal direction, which ensures the stable control of the manned/unmanned aircraft.
  • the launch device includes a launch platform, and the launch platform may be an air-based platform, a land-based platform, or a sea-based platform. Air-based platforms can be manned/unmanned aircraft, etc., land-based platforms can be fire trucks or buildings, and sea-based platforms can be fire boats or oil drilling platforms.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb includes:-fire extinguishing part: components that realize the fire extinguishing function, including storage bins filled with fluid, pseudo-fluid or fire extinguishing agent;-propulsion part: parts that provide propulsion power, including filling Storage bins with fluids, pseudo-fluids or fire extinguishing agents;-drive source components: connect the fire extinguishing section and the propulsion section to drive the work of the fire extinguishing section and the propulsion section; the drive source components directly compress the medium occupied by the storage silo of the fire extinguishing section Or directly compress the volume of the fire extinguishing part storage bin, and drive the medium to be sprayed to the outside of the fire extinguishing part through the injection port of the fire extinguishing part storage bin, thereby extinguishing the external fire source; the driving source component directly compresses the medium in the propelling part storage bin Or directly compress the volume of the storage bin of the propulsion part
  • the structure of the fire extinguishing bomb including the casing of the propulsion part and the fire extinguishing part, the tail wing, etc. are all made of lightweight materials.
  • high-strength engineering plastics that can be injection molded are selected, which can be mass-produced through injection molding to meet the requirements of light weight and low cost.
  • the fluid/pseudo-fluid/extinguishing agent can be water or aqueous solution, or it can be a water-based extinguishing agent or a pseudo-fluid extinguishing agent with good fluidity.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb gains forward propulsion through the propulsion part, the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to extinguish the fire through the fire extinguishing part, the thrust and the energy of the fire extinguishing agent spray are provided by the driving source part, the action sequence and insurance state are controlled by the control part, and the flight stability is controlled
  • the components control the flight stability of the projectile.
  • the driving source component includes a compression assembly, which uses principles or mechanisms such as pistons, bladders, pumps, foaming, ejection, artificial muscles, etc., capable of spraying fluids/pseudo-fluids/fire extinguishing agents and other media.
  • the driving source component further includes any one or any of the following components:
  • the -Potential energy power component by releasing potential energy, compressing the volume of the storage bin, or directly compressing the volume occupied by the fluid/pseudo fluid/extinguishing agent; the potential energy power component adopts any one or any of the following components: compressed gas Source component, elastic component, magnetic component; the compressed gas source component preferably adopts a single or multiple high-pressure gas cylinders, which first drives the propulsion unit to work, and then drives the fire extinguishing unit to work in a time sequence or triggered by a mechanism such as a fuze.
  • Separate drive sources such as high-pressure gas cylinders are designed so that the shells of the fire extinguishing part and the propulsion part of the fire extinguishing bomb only need to meet the high pressure and sealing requirements released by the driving source in a short time, avoiding the entire fire extinguishing part or the propulsion part. It is necessary to consider the requirements of long-term storage pressure and sealing, and the problem of metal shells or composite shells must be used, which effectively reduces the structural weight and process complexity; it adopts high-strength engineering plastics and other lightweight materials as the shell and other structural parts The materials can be mass-produced by injection molding, which meets the requirements of light weight and low cost.
  • -Energy-induced deformation components expand and deform through energy, compress the volume of the storage bin, or directly compress the volume occupied by the fluid/pseudo-fluid/extinguishing agent; preferably, use small civil gas generators such as automobile airbag generators As an energy-deformable component.
  • the high-pressure gas source used is preferably a small civilian gas generator or high-pressure gas cylinder such as an automobile airbag generator.
  • the cost is much lower than that of gunpowder explosives.
  • the safety during storage, transportation and daily use is also greatly increased, and there is no Relevant qualification restrictions on pyrotechnic products facilitate the promotion and application of products.
  • the control component includes a control mechanism and a locking and unlocking mechanism connected to each other.
  • the control mechanism includes an energy component, a timing component, and a safety mechanism.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism includes a locking component, an unlocking mechanism, and Component; the energy component is connected to the time sequence component, the safety mechanism, the locking component and the unlocking component and provides energy for it, and the time sequence component is connected to the safety mechanism, the locking component and the unlocking component;
  • the energy component uses physical or chemical means to provide energy, preferably Energy sources such as batteries or clockwork springs are used;
  • the timing components use circuits or mechanical methods to control the timing of the unlocking components, thereby controlling the timing of the propulsion section and the fire extinguishing section to release the insurance and trigger the work, preferably a logic gate circuit or a clock
  • the mechanical mechanism completes the timing control; the safety mechanism can intervene in the operation of the timing component; the locking component uses physical or chemical means to achieve the locking function, preferably, steel balls, bolts, pier
  • the unlocking component is unlocked according to the sequence or action under the driving of the control mechanism, so that the driving source component can start to work normally.
  • the safety mechanism adopts the isolation energy component, the control circuit on and off, or the mechanical mechanism to prevent the operation of the sequential component, to ensure the safety of the fire extinguishing bomb in the insurance state, and realize the action of releasing the insurance under the action of manual, sequential component or launching device; Any one or more of the following insurance components of the insurance agency:
  • -Ground safety component the use of a knob or button switch mechanism can ensure the safety of the fire extinguishing bomb on the ground and before being mounted on a manned/unmanned aircraft. After confirming that it is mounted, manually twist the knob or actuate it by the mechanism. Realize the circuit or mechanical mechanism to ensure the effective release of subsequent launches;
  • the launch release is realized through the external force provided by the launching device on the manned/unmanned aircraft platform, so that the timing components can start to work normally;
  • -Bounce safety component use the combination of logic gate circuit and the falling plug or mechanical insurance. After the propulsion part is working, use the body movement to make the falling plug fall off, trigger the logic gate circuit to connect to the fire extinguishing circuit or use the body movement to release the mechanism Insurance, which enables the sequential components to operate and releases the insurance, which can prevent the fire extinguishing department from triggering accidentally before the fire extinguishing bomb is launched
  • the unlocking component uses any one or more of the following methods to achieve unlocking:
  • the transmission mechanism is driven by physical or chemical energy to complete the specified actuation stroke to achieve unlocking; preferably, the transmission mechanism such as jacks, levers, gears, and screw screws is driven by physical or chemical energy to complete the specified actuation stroke.
  • unlocking for example, by rotating the screw threaded screw through a drive mechanism such as a motor or a clockwork spring mechanism to complete a prescribed stroke, the unlocking ability of four or two jacks is realized by the principle of a jack;
  • -Pneumatic/hydraulic valve By adjusting the air pressure/hydraulic pressure of the pneumatic/hydraulic valve, the pressure difference is formed to drive the unlocking device to operate in place to complete the unlocking;
  • the actuating device is operated to complete the unlocking action by releasing physical or chemical energy; such as motor, pyrotechnics unlocking mechanism, etc.;
  • -Destructive valve using physical or chemical energy to destroy the locking component to complete the unlocking; preferably, the locking component is destroyed by puncturing the seal, crushing the key structure, shearing the prefabricated stress concentration, etc., to complete the unlocking.
  • the fire extinguishing part includes a fuze
  • the fire extinguishing part further includes one or more sensors, and the output end of the one or more sensors is directly connected to the trigger end of the fuze in parallel, or the trigger end of the one or more sensors
  • the output terminal is connected to the trigger terminal of the fuze through a logic gate circuit; the sensor can trigger the fuze in advance before approaching the target; the sensor adopts a proximity sensor or a distance sensor, which can trigger the fuze in advance before approaching the target, so that the fire extinguisher can reach the target. Spray in the air when near the fire source to enhance the fire fighting efficiency.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb has two types: the first type fire extinguishing bomb and the second type fire extinguishing bomb.
  • the first type fire extinguishing bomb sprays the fire extinguishing medium when it reaches the fire source or when it is near the fire source.
  • the second type fire extinguishing bomb sprays the fire extinguishing medium when it reaches the fire source or near the fire source.
  • the second type fire extinguishing bomb After flying to the vicinity of the fire source, search for the fire source and move to the fire source point before spraying the fire extinguishing medium; the second type fire extinguishing bomb also includes a sighting component and a moving component, the sighting component adopts one or more sensors , To detect the position and distance of the fire source target, and feed back the fire source target information to the motion component; the motion component makes independent decisions based on the fire source target information fed back by the sighting component or feeds the information back to the ground command system, and then moves under remote control commands The fire extinguishing agent is sprayed at the target location of the fire source or directed at the fire source.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb adopts a circumferential multi-nozzle design.
  • the sensor determines the position of the fire source and preferentially opens the nozzles in the corresponding position of the fire source; the motion components are as follows Any one or any multiple components:
  • Carrying components after fire extinguishing bombs or fire-fighting territories, they can approach the fire source by rolling themselves or bring their own carrying components;
  • the propulsion unit ejects the medium to make itself rush towards the target of the fire source; preferably, the terminal correction of the trajectory is carried out during the flight, or the target is re-searched after landing, the attitude is adjusted, the aiming and the second launch are carried out;
  • the launch safety assembly adopts a telescopic launch release mechanism, including a spring, a pull ring, a proximity sensor switch, and a safety structure.
  • One end of the spring is fixed in the bomb body and switches with the proximity sensor.
  • the probe is connected, and the other end of the spring is connected to the pull ring and the magnet head of the proximity sensor switch; when the fuse is installed, pull the pull ring out of the projectile and mount it on the launcher of the manned/UAV.
  • the distance sensor switch disconnects the circuit; when launching, the launching device releases the pull ring and spring. Under the action of the spring, the proximity sensor switch probe and the magnet head approach again, the circuit is turned on and released, and the timing component is triggered to operate.
  • the flight stability control component adopts any one or any of the following components:
  • -Aerodynamic stability control component use the aerodynamic force during flight to achieve flight stability control; the aerodynamic stability control component adopts missile wings and/or air rudders;
  • -Spin stabilization control component flight stability is achieved through spin; the rotation of the missile body is stabilized by the launching device or the slide/rifling mechanism, or the spin stabilization is achieved by the injection medium, or the jet vector control mechanism (similar to the gas rudder) The jet vector control mechanism) forms spin stabilization;
  • -Mass distance stability control module by adjusting the position of the center of mass in a timely manner to ensure flight stability
  • the flight attitude is corrected by spraying the medium to ensure flight stability.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb launch process is as follows:
  • the unmanned aircraft After the drone is mounted with the fire extinguishing bomb, the insurance of the ground insurance component is released, and the drone carries the fire extinguishing bomb and flies to the vicinity of the fire source.
  • the launch insurance component After the unmanned aircraft adjusts its attitude and aims at the target, the launch insurance component is released online by the aircraft, and the timing component starts to operate.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism is triggered according to the set timing, so that the drive source components can release energy in an orderly manner, and then drive
  • the compression component of the propulsion part squeezes the propelling medium (fluid/pseudo-fluid/fire extinguishing agent, etc.) to eject it at a high speed, so that the fire extinguishing bomb gains forward propulsion and flies toward the fire source, and at the same time, the fuse assembly is released.
  • the timing component or sensor triggers the fire extinguishing department fuze to make the fire extinguishing department compression component work to spray out the fire extinguishing medium (fluid/pseudo fluid/extinguishing agent, etc.).
  • the motivation mechanism is similar to the propelling part of the fire extinguishing bomb and is fixed in any one or more of the following ways:
  • the traction projectile hooks and grasps the obstacle through the mechanical structure as the support point of traction;
  • the towing bomb directly penetrates the weak part or space of the building, penetrates the building and then falls to the ground to be fixed, and then acts as a support point for towing.
  • the towing rope carried or towed by the towing bomb is connected to the ground equipment. After confirming that the traction force meets the conditions, the towing rope is used to pull the fire pipe belt and the fire extinguishing equipment into or near the window, and finally achieve continuous spraying from the ground to the fire source to extinguish the fire. Or use the towing rope to carry out personnel rescue, firefighter entry, etc.
  • the rescue bomb is about to replace the fire extinguishing department of the fire extinguishing bomb with a rescue department.
  • a rescue department Preferably, it contains rescue equipment and a broadcaster. After being launched near the personnel, the broadcaster can summon the personnel to take out the rescue equipment for use and play instructions for use.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle for spraying fire extinguishing agent adopts the fire extinguishing agent provided by the drone itself or the fire extinguishing agent is continuously provided from the ground through the fire hose belt to spray fire extinguishing agent.
  • the towing bomb is delivered to the vicinity of the fire source through the launching device or the power mechanism, it is secured by any one or more of the following methods:
  • the traction projectile hooks and grasps the obstacle through the mechanical structure as the support point of traction;
  • the towing bomb directly penetrates the weak part or space of the building, penetrates the building and then falls to the ground to be fixed, and then acts as a support point for towing.
  • the ground fire-fighting equipment and support vehicles include any one or any of the following components:
  • -Pressurized conveying system By pressurizing, the extinguishing medium is conveyed to the vicinity of the fire source; preferably, high-lift pumps and other equipment are used;
  • the towing rope towed by the towing bomb is used to pull the fire pipe belt to the fire source; the towing equipment adopts any one or any of the following traction methods:
  • the traction equipment uses the roller wire walking method to pull the fire pipe belt to the fire source;
  • the traction equipment is equipped with a backward spout, and the fire extinguishing medium in the pipe belt is used to spray backwards to obtain the forward action force to pull the fire pipe to the fire source;
  • -A pulley is set at the towing part of the towing bomb to divide the towing rope into two strands, the upward and downward strands.
  • the fire pipe strap is fixed on one strand of the towing rope and the other strand is pulled. Pull the rope to pull the fire hose to the fire source.
  • the broken window system includes any one or more of the following components:
  • -Broken window bomb Launched by the launcher on the manned/unmanned aircraft to the vicinity of the fire source, using the sharp object on the broken window bomb to hit the broken window;
  • a manned/unmanned aircraft will send the window breaker to the designated position of the window glass to break the window;
  • -Directional energy window breaking device use directional energy to break the window, the directional energy adopts laser, jet, hydraulic cutting or sandblasting;
  • -Demolition mechanism use the demolition mechanism to break windows through demolition
  • -Physical or chemical window breaking using the physical or chemical properties of the window glass to break the window.
  • the physical or chemical window breaking uses sound waves, liquid nitrogen injection, or chemical reagents to break the window.
  • the fire fighting method of the fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention is:
  • the fire extinguishing system consists of supporting vehicles loaded near the fire scene and then deploying facilities and equipment. First, it sends out reconnaissance and shouting drone groups to determine and feed back the fire, casualties, and other disasters. If there is no one at the fire site, but the fire is too strong and it is difficult for the drone to approach the fire source at close range, a group of drones carrying fire extinguishing bombs will be sent to suppress the fire source in multiple rounds.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种灭火系统，包括有人/无人载机、机载设备、机载灭火救援装备以及地面消防设备及保障车辆，有人/无人载机上设置有机载设备和/或机载灭火救援装备；地面消防设备及保障车辆包括指挥通讯设备、地面消防设备以及车辆及其设施；机载设备包括发射装置，还包括如下任一种或多种设备：侦查设备，喊话设备；机载灭火救援装备包括如下任一种或任多种装备：灭火弹，牵引弹，救援弹，灭火剂喷射设备，破窗系统。本发明提供的灭火系统含有灭火弹、牵引弹、救援弹等多种类型的消防弹，灭火战法实用灵活，能够实现多维度(包括时间维度、任务维度等)灭火与救援，适用于各种复杂火场的灭火救援任务。

Description

灭火系统 技术领域
本发明涉及消防安全领域，具体地，涉及一种灭火系统，尤其是一种灭火系统及其关键装备、组件和灭火战法。
背景技术
消防安全一直是民生的焦点，其不仅关系到巨大的财产损失也关系到人民的生命安全，同时火灾扑灭也是一项危险性较大的作业，对消防人员的人身安全造成很大威胁。
除常规灭火装备外，虽然目前市面上也发明了各种类型的灭火系统，但究其原理，大都采用地面喷射或发射方式，由地面设备或人员接近火源喷射灭火剂、投掷或发射灭火弹进行灭火，但考虑到人身安全、运输方便快捷、空间活动受限、投射精度等因素，现有灭火系统对急难险重情况下的火灾救援不够灵活且不一定完全适用。
近年来无人机日益普及，无人机携带灭火弹进行灭火作业具有巨大优势，其通过无人机集群携带大量灭火弹，近距离抵近火源，进行协同灭火作业，可对特殊区域场所的火源进行察打一体、集群协作式灭火作业，因此十分灵活的适用于各类急难险重情况下的火灾扑灭作业，尤其适合城市高层建筑的灭火作业。
但目前的无人机机载类灭火系统仍有几处难点难以突破：
一、不同于地面发射，无人机等平台在火场强对流条件下稳定控制问题突出。如果采用迫击炮方式发射灭火弹，产生的后坐力会对无人机等平台的稳定控制产生不利影响，若要保证无人机等平台的安全稳定，则反过来会限制灭火弹发射系统性能，进而限制灭火弹的大小和射程，两者存在互相制约和矛盾。
二、高层建筑室内常常有内墙阻隔，灭火弹从窗户飞入后很难直接覆盖到所有着火点，特别是角落里或阻隔区域内的着火点。
三、现有灭火弹很多采用爆炸来抛撒灭火药剂，具有一定危险性。
四、现有灭火弹的推进部或灭火部一般采用金属壳体来承受长期贮压和保证长 时间高压储存时的密封性，因此结构死重大；若想减重，一般也可采用复合材料壳体，但复合材料壳体工艺复杂，制作成本高，不利于大规模低成本生产和推广。
五、受限于无人机载重和续航时间，除非采用大规模集群式多批次循环打击或者通过发射牵引弹将消防管带等地面设备牵拉到火源点等新手段，现有无人机灭火仅能实现短时间内压制火源，无法做到长时间大规模持续灭火，难以防止死灰复燃。
以上的固有弱点限制了现有技术的无人机载型灭火系统的普及和发展。因此，亟待研发一整套新型灭火救援系统，针对性研发多种弹型的灭火救援消防弹，通过分工合作，形成灭火救援全系统解决方案。
公开号为CN107308570A的专利文献公开了一种灭火系统，该灭火系统含有水管与多旋翼飞行器，还包含水箱、电源、可弯曲的管道(如水带、水管等等)、消防泵、连接消防泵与屋顶水箱的水管、水枪中的一个或多个。该系统能够有助于高层建筑灭火。但是该方案需要楼顶有水箱，同时需要人员在楼顶操作，而实际火情很少有条件能让人员登顶，且仅适用于高层建筑等市区内着火，对于船舶灭火、森林灭火、油库、化工品区、武器库和核电站灭火等等极端情况不适用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种灭火系统。
根据本发明提供的一种灭火系统，包括有人/无人载机、机载设备、机载灭火救援装备以及地面消防设备及保障车辆，所述有人/无人载机上设置有机载设备和/或机载灭火救援装备；地面消防设备及保障车辆包括指挥通讯设备、地面消防设备以及车辆及其设施；
所述机载设备包括发射装置，还包括如下任一种或多种设备：
-侦查设备；
-喊话设备；
所述机载灭火救援装备包括如下任一种或任多种装备：
-灭火弹；
-牵引弹；
-救援弹；
-灭火剂喷射设备；
-破窗系统。
优选地，所述灭火弹包括：
-灭火部：实现灭火功能的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；
-推进部：提供推进动力的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；
-驱动源部件：连接灭火部和推进部，驱动灭火部、推进部的工作；所述驱动源部件直接压缩灭火部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩灭火部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过灭火部储仓的喷射口喷射至灭火部的外部，进而扑灭外部火源；所述驱动源部件直接压缩推进部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩推进部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过推进部储仓的喷射口喷射至推进部的外部，进而使灭火弹获得向前的推进力；
-控制部件：连接灭火部、推进部以及驱动源部件，实现灭火部、推进部按时序有序工作；
-飞行稳定控制部件：安装在灭火弹上，实现灭火弹的稳定飞行。
优选地，所述控制部件包括相互连接的控制机构和锁闭及解锁机构，所述控制机构包括能源组件、时序组件以及保险机构，所述锁闭及解锁机构包括锁闭组件、解锁组件；
能源组件连接时序组件、保险机构、锁闭组件以及解锁组件并为其提供能源，时序组件连接保险机构、锁闭组件和解锁组件；所述能源组件采用物理或化学方式提供能量；所述时序组件采用电路或机械方式控制解锁组件动作的时序；所述保险机构能够干预时序组件的运转；所述锁闭组件采用物理或化学方式实现锁闭功能；
能源组件按设定的时序或者动作，通过释放能量，使锁闭及解锁机构运转，完成解锁动作；在保险状态锁闭组件将驱动源部件锁死，不让其工作，在控制机构驱动下解锁组件按时序或动作解锁，使驱动源部件能够正常开始按序工作。
优选地，所述保险机构采用隔离能源组件、控制电路通断或通过机械机构阻止时序组件运转，确保保险状态下灭火弹的安全性；所述保险机构如下任一种或任多种保险组件：
-地面保险组件：采用旋钮或按钮开关机构，能够确保灭火弹在地面和挂载在有人/无人载机之前的安全性，在确认挂载好后，人工扭动旋钮或由机构作动，实现电路或机械机构通路，确保后续发射解保有效；
-发射保险组件：通过有人/无人载机平台上的发射装置提供的外力实现发射解保，让时序组件能够开始正常启动工作；
-弹动保险组件：采用逻辑门电路和脱落插头的组合或者机械保险，在推进部工作后，利用弹身运动使脱落插头脱落、触发逻辑门电路接通灭火部电路或者利用弹身运动解除机械保险，使时序组件运转，解除保险，能够防止灭火部在灭火弹发射前误触发；
所述解锁组件采用如下任一种或任多种方式实现解锁：
-机械传动机构：通过物理或化学能量驱动传动机构，完成规定作动行程，实现解锁；
-气动/液压阀门：通过调节气动/液压阀门的气压/液压，形成压差驱动解锁装置运转到位，完成解锁；
-能量致形变作动装置：通过释放物理或化学能量使作动装置运转完成解锁动作；
-破坏式阀门：利用物理或化学能量，破坏锁闭组件完成解锁。
优选地，所述灭火弹具有第一型灭火弹、第二型灭火弹两种类型，第一型灭火弹在飞抵火源点后或抵近火源点附近时喷洒灭火介质，第二型灭火弹在飞抵火源附近后，寻找火源并运动到火源点后再喷洒灭火介质；
所述第二型灭火弹还包括观瞄组件、运动组件，所述观瞄组件采用一种或多种传感器，探测火源目标方位和距离，将火源目标信息反馈至运动组件；运动组件根据观瞄组件反馈的火源目标信息，自主决策或者将信息反馈到地面指挥系统后，在远程遥控指令下运动到火源目标位置；
所述运动组件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
运载组件：灭火弹或其灭火部落地后，通过滚动自身或自带运载组件靠近火源目标；
推进组件：推进部定向喷出介质，使自身再次冲向火源目标；
机动组件：通过空气舵，在空中进行机动，飞向火源目标。
优选地，所述发射保险组件采用伸缩式发射解保机构，包括弹簧、拉环、近距传感器开关以及保险结构件，所述弹簧一端固定在弹体内并与近距传感器开关探头连接，弹簧另一端分别连接拉环、近距传感器开关的磁铁头；上保险时，将拉环拉出弹体，挂载在有人/无人机的发射装置上，拉开的距离使近距传感器开关断开电路；发射时，发射装置释放拉环及弹簧，在弹簧的作用下，近距传感器开关探头和磁铁头重新接近，电路接通解保，触发时序组件运转。
优选地，所述飞行稳定控制部件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
-空气动力稳定控制组件：利用飞行时的空气动力实现飞行稳定控制；所述空气动力稳定控制组件采用弹翼和/或空气舵；
-自旋稳定控制组件：通过自旋实现飞行稳定；通过发射装置或滑轨/膛线机构使弹体旋转稳定，或者通过喷射介质达到自旋稳定，或者通过喷流矢量控制机构形成自旋稳定；
-质量距稳定控制组件：通过适时调整质心位置，保证飞行稳定；
-直接力姿轨控组件：通过喷射介质修正飞行姿态，保证飞行稳定性。
优选地，所述牵引弹通过发射装置或动力机构投递到火源点附近后，采用如下任一种或任多种方式固连：
-牵引弹通过机械结构钩住、抓牢障碍物作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹携带的机构展开后卡在窗户框、护栏或房间内的障碍物上作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹直接穿透建筑物薄弱处或空间，贯穿建筑物后落至地面固定，进而作为牵引的支撑点。
所述牵引弹携带或拖曳的牵引绳与地面设备相连，在确认牵引力满足条件后，利用牵引绳将消防管带及灭火设备牵引到窗户内或附近；或利用牵引绳开展人员救援、消防员进入工作。
优选地，所述地面消防设备及保障车辆包括如下任一种或任多种组件：
-消防管带；
-增压输送系统：通过增压，将灭火介质输送到火源点附近；
-牵引设备：利用牵引弹拖曳的牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处；所述牵引设备采用如下任一种或任多种牵引方式：
-牵引设备利用滚轮走钢丝法将消防管带牵拉到火源处；
-牵引设备上设置后向喷口，利用管带里的灭火介质向后喷出，获得前行动力，将消防管牵拉到火源处；
-牵引弹拖曳处设置滑轮将牵引绳分为上行和下行两股，在建立好火源点与地面设消防备连接后，将消防管带固定在一股牵引绳上，通过牵拉另一股牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处。
优选地，所述破窗系统包括如下任一种或任多种部件：
-破窗弹：由有人/无人载机上发射装置发射到火源附近，利用破窗弹上的尖锐物撞击破窗；
-破窗器：由有人/无人载机将破窗器送到窗户玻璃指定位置进行破窗；
-破窗枪：通过发射破窗子弹撞击玻璃破窗；
-定向能破窗装置：利用定向能破窗，所述定向能采用激光、射流、水力切割或喷砂；
-破拆机构：利用破拆机构通过破拆进行破窗；
-物理或化学破窗：利用窗户玻璃的物理或化学特性进行破窗，所述物理或化学破窗采用声波、喷射液氮、化学试剂方式破窗。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明提供灭火系统含有灭火弹、牵引弹、救援弹等多种类型的消防弹，灭火战法实用灵活，能够实现多维度(包括时间维度、任务维度等)灭火与救援，适用于各种复杂火场的灭火救援任务。
2、本发明提供的灭火弹通过喷出介质获得前进的推力，因此不产生后坐力，不对载机稳定控制产生不利影响；采用喷洒方式代替爆炸抛撒灭火剂，降低了危险性；采用水或水溶液作为介质，通过喷水推动灭火弹飞抵火源，具有无二次火源、无后坐力、无污染、成本低的优点，可以广泛适用于各类急难险重情况下的火灾扑灭作业，尤其适合城市高层建筑的无人机载灭火作业。
3、本发明提供的灭火弹本身或其灭火部还自带观瞄组件和运动组件，飞抵火源附近后，通过自寻的或者远程遥控方式使灭火弹或其灭火部运动、机动或末端修正到火源点，或者瞄准火源进行定向喷洒灭火剂作业，实现了对高层建筑纵深、角落和阻隔区域内火源点全覆盖式灭火作业。
4、本发明提供的灭火弹将驱动源部件单独设置，这样设计使灭火弹的灭火部和推进部的壳体仅需满足短时间内承受驱动源释放出的高压和密封要求，避免了整个灭火部或推进部因为需要考虑长期储存保压和密封的要求，必须采用金属壳体或复合材料壳体的问题，有效降低了结构重量和工艺复杂性；其通过采用高强工程塑料等轻质材料作为壳体等结构件的材料，可以通过注塑成形方式来大规模生产，满足了轻质和低成本的要求；对于载重有限的无人机来说，弹体轻质化十分重要；对消防灭火来说，低成本才能大规模使用。
5、本发明采用多种保险机构，确保了发射安全性，实现了在线安全解保。
6、本发明提供的牵引弹借助有人/无人机载或地面消防设备投递到火源点，设法固连在火源附近，采用钩住、抓牢或卡在火源点附近的障碍物上作为支撑点，或者直接穿透建筑物薄弱处或空间，贯穿建筑物后落至地面固定，进而作为牵引的支 撑；通过其拖曳的牵引绳将火源点和地面消防设备之间连接起来，可将消防管带等地面消防设备牵拉到火源点，进而能够从地面持续提供灭火剂直达火源点灭火，解决了持续灭火的难题；也可利用牵引绳开展人员救援、消防员进入等工作，替代了消防员负重爬楼灭火，不需要他们在火场内冲锋陷阵，大大降低了消防灭火的危险性，同时能显著提高灭火时效性。
7、本发明提供的灭火弹采用了喷水推进、喷洒型灭火部、多重安全保险设计、轻质廉价材料壳体、智能寻的、牵引布管、定向喷洒等新技术和新方案，实用性强、安全性高，大规模批产后成本低，可以解决现有高层建筑和各类急难险重场所灭火面临的各种难题。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明的关键设备组成示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的设备组成示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的灭火弹的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例的灭火弹控制部件的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例的伸缩式发射解保机构的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例的伸缩式发射解保机构处于保险状态的示意图。
图7为本发明实施例的伸缩式发射解保机构处于解险状态的示意图。
图中示出：
灭火部1                           能源组件411
灭火部壳体11                      时序组件412
引信12                            保险机构413
灭火部压缩组件13                  地面保险组件4131
灭火介质(流体/拟流体/灭火剂等)14  发射保险组件4132
传感器15                          弹簧41321
推进部2                           拉环41322
推进部壳体21                      近距传感器开关41323
推进部压缩组件22                  发射保险结构件41324
推进介质(流体/拟流体/灭火剂等)23  锁闭及解锁机构42
驱动源部件3                       锁闭组件421
控制部件4                         解锁组件422
控制机构41                        飞行稳定控制部件5
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
本发明提供一种灭火系统，该灭火系统由有人/无人载机及其机载设备、各型灭火救援弹等机载灭火救援装备、地面设施设备和保障车辆等。优选地，包括侦察和喊话无人机群、载有破窗系统的无人机群、载有灭火弹的无人机群、喷射灭火剂的无人机群、载有牵引弹的无人机群、载有救援弹的无人机群、地面保障设备和车辆等。
根据本发明提供的一种灭火系统，如图1-2所示，包括有人/无人载机、机载设备、机载灭火救援装备以及地面消防设备及保障车辆，所述有人/无人载机上设置有机载设备和/或机载灭火救援装备；地面消防设备及保障车辆包括指挥通讯设备、地面消防设备以及车辆及其设施；所述机载设备的机载设备包括发射装置，还包括如下任一种或多种设备：-侦查设备；-喊话设备；所述机载灭火救援装备包括如下任一种或任多种装备：-灭火弹；-牵引弹；-救援弹；-灭火剂喷射设备；-破窗系统。所述发射装置是发射各型灭火救援类消防弹的装置，优选地采用消防弹或者发射筒垂直排列在无人机质心处重垂线上的方式，相比于水平排列或前后排列，可以避免在消防弹发射后整机因水平方向质心位置变化较大而产生偏斜，确保有人/无人载机的稳定控制。所述发射装置包括发射平台，所述发射平台可以是空基平台、陆基平台或者海基平台。空基平台可以是有人/无人飞机等，陆基平台可以是消防车或者建筑物等，海基平台可以是消防艇或者钻油 平台等。
如图3所示，所述灭火弹包括：-灭火部：实现灭火功能的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；-推进部：提供推进动力的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；-驱动源部件：连接灭火部和推进部，驱动灭火部、推进部的工作；所述驱动源部件直接压缩灭火部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩灭火部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过灭火部储仓的喷射口喷射至灭火部的外部，进而扑灭外部火源；所述驱动源部件直接压缩推进部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩推进部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过推进部储仓的喷射口喷射至推进部的外部，进而使灭火弹获得向前的推进力；-控制部件：连接灭火部、推进部以及驱动源部件，实现灭火部、推进部按时序有序工作；-飞行稳定控制部件：安装在灭火弹上，实现灭火弹的稳定飞行。所述灭火弹的结构，包括推进部和灭火部的壳体、尾翼等均由轻质材料制成。优选地选用可注塑成型的高强工程塑料，可以通过注塑成型大规模量产，满足轻质、低成本的要求。所述流体/拟流体/灭火剂可以是水或水溶液，也可以是水系灭火剂或流动性好的拟流体灭火剂。通过推进部使灭火弹获得向前的推进力，通过灭火部喷出灭火剂来灭火，通过驱动源部件提供推力和灭火剂喷射的能量，通过控制部件控制动作时序及保险状态，通过飞行稳定控制部件控制弹体飞行稳定性。
所述驱动源部件包括压缩组件，所述压缩组件采用活塞、囊、泵、发泡、引射、人工肌肉等原理或机构，能够使流体/拟流体/灭火剂等介质喷出。所述驱动源部件还包括如下任一种或任多种部件：
-势能动力部件：通过释放势能，压缩储仓的容积，或者直接压缩流体/拟流体/灭火剂等介质所占的体积；所述势能动力部件采用如下任一种或任多种部件：压缩气源部件、弹性部件、磁性部件；所述压缩气源部件优选采用单个或多个高压气瓶，先驱动推进部工作，随后按时序或者由引信等机构触发驱动灭火部工作。将高压气瓶等驱动源单独设置，这样设计使灭火弹的灭火部和推进部的壳体仅需满足短时间内承受驱动源释放出的高压和密封要求，避免了整个灭火部或推进部因为需要考虑长期储存保压和密封的要求，必须采用金属壳体或复合材料壳体的问题，有效降低了结构重量和工艺复杂性；其通过采用高强工程塑料等轻质材料作为壳体等结构件的材料，可以通过注塑成形方式来大规模生产，满足了轻质和低成本的要求。
-能量致形变部件：通过能量产生膨胀形变，压缩储仓的容积，或者直接压缩流体/拟流体/灭火剂等介质所占的体积；优选地，选用汽车安全气囊发生器等民用小型燃气 发生器作为能量致变形部件。采用的高压气源优选为汽车安全气囊发生器等民用小型燃气发生器或高压气瓶，成本远低于火药类火工品，贮存、运输和日常使用时的安全性也大大增加，同时也无火工品相关资质限制，便于产品的推广应用。
如图4所示，所述控制部件包括相互连接的控制机构和锁闭及解锁机构，所述控制机构包括能源组件、时序组件以及保险机构，所述锁闭及解锁机构包括锁闭组件、解锁组件；能源组件连接时序组件、保险机构、锁闭组件以及解锁组件并为其提供能源，时序组件连接保险机构、锁闭组件和解锁组件；所述能源组件采用物理或化学方式提供能量，优选地采用电池或发条弹簧等能量来源；所述时序组件采用电路或机械方式控制解锁组件动作的时序，进而控制推进部和灭火部的解除保险和触发工作的时序，优选地采用逻辑门电路或钟表机械机构完成时序控制；所述保险机构能够干预时序组件的运转；所述锁闭组件采用物理或化学方式实现锁闭功能，优选地，采用钢珠、插销、可穿刺封口、爆炸螺栓、预制应力集中的连接件等机械结构阻止驱动源部件工作，实现锁闭功能；能源组件按设定的时序或者动作，通过释放能量，使锁闭及解锁机构运转，完成解锁动作；在保险状态锁闭组件将驱动源部件锁死，不让其工作，在控制机构驱动下解锁组件按时序或动作解锁，使驱动源部件能够正常开始按序工作。所述保险机构采用隔离能源组件、控制电路通断或通过机械机构阻止时序组件运转，确保保险状态下灭火弹的安全性，并在人工、时序组件或发射装置等作用下实现解除保险动作；所述保险机构如下任一种或任多种保险组件：
-地面保险组件：采用旋钮或按钮开关机构，能够确保灭火弹在地面和挂载在有人/无人载机之前的安全性，在确认挂载好后，人工扭动旋钮或由机构作动，实现电路或机械机构通路，确保后续发射解保有效；
-发射保险组件：通过有人/无人载机平台上的发射装置提供的外力实现发射解保，让时序组件能够开始正常启动工作；
-弹动保险组件：采用逻辑门电路和脱落插头的组合或者机械保险，在推进部工作后，利用弹身运动使脱落插头脱落、触发逻辑门电路接通灭火部电路或者利用弹身运动解除机械保险，使时序组件运转，解除保险，能够防止灭火部在灭火弹发射前误触发；
所述解锁组件采用如下任一种或任多种方式实现解锁：
-机械传动机构：通过物理或化学能量驱动传动机构，完成规定作动行程，实现解锁；优选地，通过物理或化学能量驱动千斤顶、杠杆、齿轮、螺纹螺杆等传动机构，完成规定作动行程，实现解锁；例如，通过电机或发条弹簧机构等驱动机构旋转螺纹螺杆， 完成规定行程，以千斤顶的原理实现四两拨千斤的解锁作动能力；
-气动/液压阀门：通过调节气动/液压阀门的气压/液压，形成压差驱动解锁装置运转到位，完成解锁；
-能量致形变作动装置：通过释放物理或化学能量使作动装置运转完成解锁动作；如电机、火工品解锁机构等；
-破坏式阀门：利用物理或化学能量，破坏锁闭组件完成解锁；优选地，采用穿刺封口、破碎关键结构、剪切预制应力集中处等方法破坏锁闭组件，完成解锁。
优选地，所述灭火部包括引信，灭火部还包括一个或多个传感器，所述一个或多个传感器的输出端以并联方式直接连接至引信的触发端，或者所述一个或多个传感器的输出端通过逻辑门电路连接至引信的触发端；所述传感器能够在接近目标前提前触发引信；所述传感器采用近距传感器或者距离传感器，能够在接近目标前提前触发引信，使灭火弹在抵近火源附近时的空中喷洒，增强灭火效能。
所述灭火弹具有第一型灭火弹、第二型灭火弹两种类型，第一型灭火弹在飞抵火源点后或抵近火源点附近时喷洒灭火介质，第二型灭火弹在飞抵火源附近后，寻找火源并运动到火源点后再喷洒灭火介质；所述第二型灭火弹还包括观瞄组件、运动组件，所述观瞄组件采用一种或多种传感器，探测火源目标方位和距离，将火源目标信息反馈至运动组件；运动组件根据观瞄组件反馈的火源目标信息，自主决策或者将信息反馈到地面指挥系统后，在远程遥控指令下运动到火源目标位置或者定向瞄准火源进行喷洒灭火剂作业，所述灭火弹采用周向多喷口设计，通过传感器判定火源的方位，优先打开火源相应方位的喷口；所述运动组件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
运载组件：灭火弹或其灭火部落地后，通过滚动自身或自带运载组件靠近火源目标；
推进组件：推进部喷出介质，使自身再次冲向火源目标；优选地，在飞行中进行弹道末段修正，或者落地后重新寻找目标、调整姿态、瞄准和二次发射；
机动组件：通过空气舵，在空中进行机动，飞向火源目标。
如图5-7所示，所述发射保险组件采用伸缩式发射解保机构，包括弹簧、拉环、近距传感器开关以及保险结构件，所述弹簧一端固定在弹体内并与近距传感器开关探头连接，弹簧另一端分别连接拉环、近距传感器开关的磁铁头；上保险时，将拉环拉出弹体，挂载在有人/无人机的发射装置上，拉开的距离使近距传感器开关断开电路；发射时，发射装置释放拉环及弹簧，在弹簧的作用下，近距传感器开关探头和磁铁头重新接近，电路接通解保，触发时序组件运转。
所述飞行稳定控制部件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
-空气动力稳定控制组件：利用飞行时的空气动力实现飞行稳定控制；所述空气动力稳定控制组件采用弹翼和/或空气舵；
-自旋稳定控制组件：通过自旋实现飞行稳定；通过发射装置或滑轨/膛线机构使弹体旋转稳定，或者通过喷射介质达到自旋稳定，或者通过喷流矢量控制机构(类似燃气舵的喷流矢量控制机构)形成自旋稳定；
-质量距稳定控制组件：通过适时调整质心位置，保证飞行稳定；
-直接力姿轨控组件：通过喷射介质修正飞行姿态，保证飞行稳定性。
灭火弹发射过程如下：
无人机挂载好灭火弹后，解除地面保险组件的保险，无人机携带灭火弹飞行到火源附近。无人载机调整姿态瞄准目标后，发射保险组件由载机实现在线解保，时序组件开始运转，按设定的时序触发锁闭及解锁机构运作，使驱动源部件有序释放能量，进而驱动推进部压缩组件挤压推进介质(流体/拟流体/灭火剂等)，使之高速喷出，从而使灭火弹获得向前的推进力，飞向火源，同时弹动保险组件解保。在进入火源范围后，时序组件或传感器触发灭火部引信，使灭火部压缩组件工作喷出灭火介质(流体/拟流体/灭火剂等)。
所述牵引弹通过发射装置或动力机构投递到火源点附近后，所述动机机构类似灭火弹推进部，采用如下任一种或任多种方式固连：
-牵引弹通过机械结构钩住、抓牢障碍物作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹携带的机构展开后卡在窗户框、护栏或房间内的障碍物上作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹直接穿透建筑物薄弱处或空间，贯穿建筑物后落至地面固定，进而作为牵引的支撑点。
所述牵引弹携带或拖曳的牵引绳与地面设备相连，在确认牵引力满足条件后，利用牵引绳将消防管带及灭火设备牵引到窗户内或附近，最终实现从地面持续向火源点喷射灭火剂的能力；或利用牵引绳开展人员救援、消防员进入等工作。
所述救援弹即将灭火弹地灭火部更换为救援部，优选地，内含救援装备和播音器，被发射到人员附近后，播音器可以召唤人员过来取出救援设备使用并播放使用说明。
所述的喷射灭火剂的无人机，采用无人机自带灭火剂或通过消防管带由地面源源不断提供灭火剂来喷射灭火。
优选地，所述牵引弹通过发射装置或动力机构投递到火源点附近后，采用如下任一种或任多种方式固连：
-牵引弹通过机械结构钩住、抓牢障碍物作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹展开后卡在窗户框、护栏或房间内的障碍物上作为牵引的支撑点；
-牵引弹直接穿透建筑物薄弱处或空间，贯穿建筑物后落至地面固定，进而作为牵引的支撑点。
所述地面消防设备及保障车辆包括如下任一种或任多种组件：
-消防管带；
-增压输送系统：通过增压，将灭火介质输送到火源点附近；优选地采用高扬程水泵等设备；
-牵引设备：利用牵引弹拖曳的牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处；所述牵引设备采用如下任一种或任多种牵引方式：
-牵引设备利用滚轮走钢丝法将消防管带牵拉到火源处；
-牵引设备上设置后向喷口，利用管带里的灭火介质向后喷出，获得前行动力，将消防管牵拉到火源处；
-牵引弹拖曳处设置滑轮将牵引绳分为上行和下行两股，在建立好火源点与地面设消防备连接后，将消防管带固定在一股牵引绳上，通过牵拉另一股牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处。
所述破窗系统包括如下任一种或任多种部件：
-破窗弹：由有人/无人载机上发射装置发射到火源附近，利用破窗弹上的尖锐物撞击破窗；
-破窗器：由有人/无人载机将破窗器送到窗户玻璃指定位置进行破窗；
-破窗枪：通过发射破窗子弹撞击玻璃破窗；
-定向能破窗装置：利用定向能破窗，所述定向能采用激光、射流、水力切割或喷砂；
-破拆机构：利用破拆机构通过破拆进行破窗；
-物理或化学破窗：利用窗户玻璃的物理或化学特性进行破窗，所述物理或化学破窗采用声波、喷射液氮、化学试剂方式破窗。
利用本发明提供地灭火系统的灭火战法为：
灭火系统由保障车辆载至火灾现场附近后展开设施设备，先派出侦察和喊话无 人机群确定和反馈火情和人员伤亡情况等灾情。若火灾现场无人，但火势太大，无人机难以近距离接近火源目标，则派出载有灭火弹的无人机群对火源进行多轮次循环压制打击。经过“轰炸”(灭火)后，火势得到控制且在判定无人机可以近距离靠近后，派出喷射灭火剂的无人机群或携带牵引弹的无人机群，近距离对火源喷射灭火剂或者发射牵引弹将消防管带等装备牵引到火源附近，持续压制火源，直至扑灭；若火势较小，通过侦察和喊话无人机群判定屋内是否有人员，通过喊话沟通决定解决措施：若需破窗，则派出破窗无人机群进行破窗；若需灭火，则视情派出载有灭火弹、牵引弹或喷射灭火剂的无人机群进行灭火作业；若需救援则派出载有救援弹和牵引弹的无人机群，通过发射救援弹将救援物质投送到人员附近，或利用牵引弹架设牵引绳开展人员救援、消防员进入等工作。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种灭火系统，其特征在于，包括有人/无人载机、机载设备、机载灭火救援装备以及地面消防设备及保障车辆，所述有人/无人载机上设置有机载设备和/或机载灭火救援装备；地面消防设备及保障车辆包括指挥通讯设备、地面消防设备以及车辆及其设施；
    所述机载设备包括发射装置，还包括如下任一种或多种设备：
    -侦查设备；
    -喊话设备；
    所述机载灭火救援装备包括如下任一种或任多种装备：
    -灭火弹；
    -牵引弹；
    -救援弹；
    -灭火剂喷射设备；
    -破窗系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述灭火弹包括：
    -灭火部：实现灭火功能的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；
    -推进部：提供推进动力的部件，包括填充有流体、拟流体或灭火剂这些介质的储仓；
    -驱动源部件：连接灭火部和推进部，驱动灭火部、推进部的工作；所述驱动源部件直接压缩灭火部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩灭火部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过灭火部储仓的喷射口喷射至灭火部的外部，进而扑灭外部火源；所述驱动源部件直接压缩推进部储仓内介质所占的体积，或者直接压缩推进部储仓的容积，驱使介质通过推进部储仓的喷射口喷射至推进部的外部，进而使灭火弹获得向前的推进力；
    -控制部件：连接灭火部、推进部以及驱动源部件，实现灭火部、推进部按时序有序工作；
    -飞行稳定控制部件：安装在灭火弹上，实现灭火弹的稳定飞行。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述控制部件包括相互连接的控制机构和锁闭及解锁机构，所述控制机构包括能源组件、时序组件以及保险机构，所 述锁闭及解锁机构包括锁闭组件、解锁组件；
    能源组件连接时序组件、保险机构、锁闭组件以及解锁组件并为其提供能源，时序组件连接保险机构、锁闭组件和解锁组件；所述能源组件采用物理或化学方式提供能量；所述时序组件采用电路或机械方式控制解锁组件动作的时序；所述保险机构能够干预时序组件的运转；所述锁闭组件采用物理或化学方式实现锁闭功能；
    能源组件按设定的时序或者动作，通过释放能量，使锁闭及解锁机构运转，完成解锁动作；在保险状态锁闭组件将驱动源部件锁死，不让其工作，在控制机构驱动下解锁组件按时序或动作解锁，使驱动源部件能够正常开始按序工作。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述保险机构采用隔离能源组件、控制电路通断或通过机械机构阻止时序组件运转，确保保险状态下灭火弹的安全性；所述保险机构如下任一种或任多种保险组件：
    -地面保险组件：采用旋钮或按钮开关机构，能够确保灭火弹在地面和挂载在有人/无人载机之前的安全性，在确认挂载好后，人工扭动旋钮或由机构作动，实现电路或机械机构通路，确保后续发射解保有效；
    -发射保险组件：通过有人/无人载机平台上的发射装置提供的外力实现发射解保，让时序组件能够开始正常启动工作；
    -弹动保险组件：采用逻辑门电路和脱落插头的组合或者机械保险，在推进部工作后，利用弹身运动使脱落插头脱落、触发逻辑门电路接通灭火部电路或者利用弹身运动解除机械保险，使时序组件运转，解除保险，能够防止灭火部在灭火弹发射前误触发；
    所述解锁组件采用如下任一种或任多种方式实现解锁：
    -机械传动机构：通过物理或化学能量驱动传动机构，完成规定作动行程，实现解锁；
    -气动/液压阀门：通过调节气动/液压阀门的气压/液压，形成压差驱动解锁装置运转到位，完成解锁；
    -能量致形变作动装置：通过释放物理或化学能量使作动装置运转完成解锁动作；
    -破坏式阀门：利用物理或化学能量，破坏锁闭组件完成解锁。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述灭火弹具有第一型灭火弹、第二型灭火弹两种类型，第一型灭火弹在飞抵火源点后或抵近火源点附近时喷洒灭火介质，第二型灭火弹在飞抵火源附近后，寻找火源并运动到火源点后再喷洒灭火介质；
    所述第二型灭火弹还包括观瞄组件、运动组件，所述观瞄组件采用一种或多种传感 器，探测火源目标方位和距离，将火源目标信息反馈至运动组件；运动组件根据观瞄组件反馈的火源目标信息，自主决策或者将信息反馈到地面指挥系统后，在远程遥控指令下运动到火源目标位置；
    所述运动组件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
    运载组件：灭火弹或其灭火部落地后，通过滚动自身或自带运载组件靠近火源目标；
    推进组件：推进部定向喷出介质，使自身再次冲向火源目标；
    机动组件：通过空气舵，在空中进行机动，飞向火源目标。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述发射保险组件采用伸缩式发射解保机构，包括弹簧、拉环、近距传感器开关以及保险结构件，所述弹簧一端固定在弹体内并与近距传感器开关探头连接，弹簧另一端分别连接拉环、近距传感器开关的磁铁头；上保险时，将拉环拉出弹体，挂载在有人/无人机的发射装置上，拉开的距离使近距传感器开关断开电路；发射时，发射装置释放拉环及弹簧，在弹簧的作用下，近距传感器开关探头和磁铁头重新接近，电路接通解保，触发时序组件运转。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述飞行稳定控制部件采用如下任一种或任多种组件：
    -空气动力稳定控制组件：利用飞行时的空气动力实现飞行稳定控制；所述空气动力稳定控制组件采用弹翼和/或空气舵；
    -自旋稳定控制组件：通过自旋实现飞行稳定；通过发射装置或滑轨/膛线机构使弹体旋转稳定，或者通过喷射介质达到自旋稳定，或者通过喷流矢量控制机构形成自旋稳定；
    -质量距稳定控制组件：通过适时调整质心位置，保证飞行稳定；
    -直接力姿轨控组件：通过喷射介质修正飞行姿态，保证飞行稳定性。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述牵引弹通过发射装置或动力机构投递到火源点附近后，采用如下任一种或任多种方式固连：
    -牵引弹通过机械结构钩住、抓牢障碍物作为牵引的支撑点；
    -牵引弹携带的机构展开后卡在窗户框、护栏或房间内的障碍物上作为牵引的支撑点；
    -牵引弹直接穿透建筑物薄弱处或空间，贯穿建筑物后落至地面固定，进而作为牵引的支撑点。
    所述牵引弹携带或拖曳的牵引绳与地面设备相连，在确认牵引力满足条件后，利用 牵引绳将消防管带及灭火设备牵引到窗户内或附近；或利用牵引绳开展人员救援、消防员进入工作。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述地面消防设备及保障车辆包括如下任一种或任多种组件：
    -消防管带；
    -增压输送系统：通过增压，将灭火介质输送到火源点附近；
    -牵引设备：利用牵引弹拖曳的牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处；所述牵引设备采用如下任一种或任多种牵引方式：
    -牵引设备利用滚轮走钢丝法将消防管带牵拉到火源处；
    -牵引设备上设置后向喷口，利用管带里的灭火介质向后喷出，获得前行动力，将消防管牵拉到火源处；
    -牵引弹拖曳处设置滑轮将牵引绳分为上行和下行两股，在建立好火源点与地面设消防备连接后，将消防管带固定在一股牵引绳上，通过牵拉另一股牵引绳，将消防管带牵拉到火源处。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述破窗系统包括如下任一种或任多种部件：
    -破窗弹：由有人/无人载机上发射装置发射到火源附近，利用破窗弹上的尖锐物撞击破窗；
    -破窗器：由有人/无人载机将破窗器送到窗户玻璃指定位置进行破窗；
    -破窗枪：通过发射破窗子弹撞击玻璃破窗；
    -定向能破窗装置：利用定向能破窗，所述定向能采用激光、射流、水力切割或喷砂；
    -破拆机构：利用破拆机构通过破拆进行破窗；
    -物理或化学破窗：利用窗户玻璃的物理或化学特性进行破窗，所述物理或化学破窗采用声波、喷射液氮、化学试剂方式破窗。
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