WO2021143263A1 - 一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法 - Google Patents

一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143263A1
WO2021143263A1 PCT/CN2020/123811 CN2020123811W WO2021143263A1 WO 2021143263 A1 WO2021143263 A1 WO 2021143263A1 CN 2020123811 W CN2020123811 W CN 2020123811W WO 2021143263 A1 WO2021143263 A1 WO 2021143263A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
group
transformer
battery cell
winding
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PCT/CN2020/123811
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘兆斌
宋爱
朱晓蒙
单成龙
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021143263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143263A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584Bidirectional converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of battery technology, and specifically relates to an energy balance control device, a battery system and an energy balance control method thereof, and more particularly to a battery management system (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) active balance topology, and a battery with the battery management system System, and energy balance control method of the battery system.
  • BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS battery management system
  • BMS battery management system
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an energy balance control device, a battery system, and an energy balance control method for the above shortcomings, so as to solve the need for the secondary winding of the transformer in the battery equalization technology to increase with the increase of battery cores, so that the transformer It is difficult to realize the problem of avoiding the need for the secondary winding of the transformer to increase with the increase of battery cores, and the effect of reducing the difficulty of realization of the transformer.
  • the present disclosure provides an energy balance control device, including: a transformer, a conversion unit, and a selection unit.
  • the secondary side of the transformer is provided with a winding; wherein the selection unit is set as a power source that needs to be controlled for energy balance in the gating cell group.
  • the conversion unit is configured to implement a first energy conversion process between a gating cell and a battery;
  • the first energy conversion process includes: the first energy conversion process provided on the first side of the conversion unit, The first energy conversion process with the second side of the conversion unit;
  • the transformer is set to implement the second energy conversion process between the gating cell and the battery;
  • the second energy conversion process includes: The second energy conversion process between the second side of the conversion unit on the secondary side of the transformer and the storage battery arranged on the primary side of the transformer; wherein, the first energy conversion process and the second energy conversion process constitute a gated power supply An energy balance process between the core and the battery.
  • the primary side of the transformer is provided with two windings;
  • the conversion unit is a bidirectional conversion unit;
  • an energy equalization process between the selected battery core and the battery includes:
  • the two-way energy equalization process between the two-way energy balance process specifically includes: in the case that the voltage of the gated battery cell is higher than the set voltage, the gated battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process; When the voltage of the gated battery cell is lower than the set voltage, the gated battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process.
  • the two windings provided on the primary side of the transformer include: a first winding and a second winding; the opposite end of the first winding is connected to the end of the same name of the second winding, and the end of the same name of the first winding is connected to the end of the second winding.
  • the opposite ends of a winding are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery; a first group of control switches is arranged on the lead of the same name of the first winding, and a second group of control switches is arranged on the lead of the opposite end of the second winding; The first group of control switches and the second group of control switches are set to control the switching of the working states of the first winding and the second winding of the primary side of the transformer; wherein the first winding and the second winding are two independent windings, Or the first winding and the second winding are two windings separated by a center tap from one winding with a center tap; a third set of control switches is provided on the end lead of the same name of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the bidirectional conversion unit includes: a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit; wherein, in the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit, an inductor, a fourth group of control switches and a fifth group of control switches are provided; the fourth group of control switches The first end is connected to the first end of the fifth group of control switches, the second end of the fourth group of control switches is connected to the same-named end of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer, and the second end of the fifth group of control switches is connected to the second end of the conversion unit respectively.
  • the second terminal on the first side is connected to the different name terminal of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer; the inductance is connected between the first terminal on the first side of the changing unit and the first terminal of the fourth group of control switches.
  • the battery cell group includes: N single-cell batteries, N single-cell batteries are arranged in parallel, and N is a natural number; the positive leads of the N single-cell batteries are all connected to the first side of the conversion unit The first connection terminal of the N single-cell batteries are connected to the second connection terminal on the first side of the conversion unit; the selection unit includes: a sixth group of controls arranged on the positive lead of each battery cell A switch, and a seventh group of control switches arranged on the negative lead of each battery cell; adjacent stages of the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells share a group of control switches.
  • any one of the first group of control switches, the second group of control switches, the third group of control switches, the fourth group of control switches, the fifth group of control switches, the sixth group of control switches, and the seventh group of control switches A set of control switches, including: a first switch body, a second switch body, a first body diode, and a second body diode; wherein the first body diode is arranged in parallel on the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the first switch body In between, the second body diode is arranged in parallel between the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the second switch body; and in any group of control switches, the anode of the first body diode and the anode of the second body diode are arranged oppositely .
  • any one of the first switch body and the second switch body includes a MOS tube, an IGBT, or a relay.
  • it further includes: a voltage stabilizing filter unit; wherein the number of the voltage stabilizing filter unit is more than one, and the more than one voltage stabilizing filter unit is arranged on one side of the primary side of the transformer and on the secondary side of the transformer. And/or arranged on the first side of the conversion unit.
  • the selected battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process of discharging, including: if the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, the discharge instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • Terminal and second terminal control the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit to be turned on for a set duration to charge the inductance in the conversion unit, so that the conversion unit realizes the boosting process, and then outputs the first voltage of positive and negative ;
  • the first voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductance in the conversion unit;
  • the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the winding of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name is turned on for a set time and then turned off, and then
  • the second group of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding of the primary side of the transformer is turned on, so as to realize the charging of the battery at the second winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the selected battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process of discharging, and further includes: if the selected battery cell is an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, the battery cell will be discharged after receiving the discharge.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the cell are controlled to be turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • a terminal and a second terminal control the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit to be turned on for a set duration to charge the inductance in the conversion unit, so that after the conversion unit realizes the boost processing, it outputs the second negative Voltage; the second voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductance in the conversion unit; the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the same name end of the winding of the secondary side of the control transformer is turned on for a set time and then turned off, Then control the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer with the same name to turn on, so as to realize the charging of the battery at the first winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the strobed battery is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, including: if the strobed battery is an odd-numbered battery in the battery cell group, the charging instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • Terminal and second terminal control the second set of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding of the primary side of the transformer to turn on for a set time and then turn off, and control the lead of the same-named end of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer
  • the third set of control switches on the line is turned on so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs a third voltage, and the battery is charged after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the strobed battery is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, including: if the strobed battery is an even-numbered battery in the battery cell group, the charging instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer with the same name are turned on for a set time and then turned off, and control the lead-out of the winding of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name
  • the third group of control switches on the upper side is turned on so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs the fourth voltage, and the battery is charged after the step-down processing of the conversion unit.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery system in another aspect, including: the above-mentioned energy balance control device.
  • the present disclosure provides another aspect of a battery system energy balance control method, which includes: through a selection unit, select one battery cell in a battery cell group that needs energy balance control; through a conversion unit, the selection is achieved.
  • a first energy conversion process between a battery cell and a battery includes: the first energy conversion process between the battery core set on the first side of the conversion unit and the second side of the conversion unit The first energy conversion process; the second energy conversion process between the gated battery cell and the battery is realized through the transformer; the second energy conversion process includes: the second side of the conversion unit provided on the secondary side of the transformer, The second energy conversion process between the battery and the storage battery arranged on the primary side of the transformer; wherein the first energy conversion process and the second energy conversion process constitute an energy balance process between the gated battery cell and the battery.
  • an energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery includes: a two-way energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery, and the two-way energy equalization process specifically includes: When the voltage of the connected battery cell is higher than the set voltage, the gated cell will charge the battery to realize the discharge process; when the voltage of the gated cell is lower than the set voltage, The selected battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process.
  • the selected battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process of discharging, including: if the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, the discharge instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • Terminal and second terminal control the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit to be turned on for a set duration to charge the inductance in the conversion unit, so that the conversion unit realizes the boosting process, and then outputs the first voltage of positive and negative ;
  • the first voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductance in the conversion unit;
  • the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the winding of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name is turned on for a set time and then turned off, and then
  • the second group of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding of the primary side of the transformer is turned on, so as to realize the charging of the battery at the second winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the selected battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process of discharging, and further includes: if the selected battery cell is an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, the battery cell will be discharged after receiving the discharge.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the cell are controlled to be turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • a terminal and a second terminal control the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit to be turned on for a set duration to charge the inductance in the conversion unit, so that after the conversion unit realizes the boost processing, it outputs the second negative Voltage; the second voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductance in the conversion unit; the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the same name end of the winding of the secondary side of the control transformer is turned on for a set time and then turned off, Then control the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer with the same name to turn on, so as to realize the charging of the battery at the first winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the strobed battery is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, including: if the strobed battery is an odd-numbered battery in the battery cell group, the charging instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • Terminal and second terminal control the second set of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding of the primary side of the transformer to turn on for a set time and then turn off, and control the lead of the same-named end of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer
  • the third set of control switches on the line is turned on so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs a third voltage, and the battery is charged after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the strobed battery is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, including: if the strobed battery is an even-numbered battery in the battery cell group, the charging instruction is received In the case of controlling the positive and negative leads of the cell, the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first side of the conversion unit.
  • the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer with the same name are turned on for a set time and then turned off, and control the lead-out of the winding of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name
  • the third group of control switches on the upper side is turned on so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs the fourth voltage, and the battery is charged after the step-down processing of the conversion unit.
  • the solution of the present disclosure reduces the number of windings on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer by making the primary side of the high-frequency transformer two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer one winding to reduce the number of windings on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer are significantly reduced, and the difficulty of implementing the high-frequency transformer is correspondingly reduced.
  • the solution of the present disclosure reduces the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer by using a flyback converter in which the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is one winding.
  • the number of windings can reduce the volume of the transformer and reduce the implementation cost of the transformer.
  • the solution of the present disclosure reduces the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer by using a flyback converter in which the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is one winding.
  • the number of windings is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, the stability and reliability of the topological work can be improved, and the power conversion efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the solution of the present disclosure reduces the number of windings on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer by using a flyback converter in which the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is one winding.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the energy balance control device of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active balancing topology
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an active balancing topology of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell selection switch array of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the discharge flyback converter of the first battery cell of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the second battery cell discharge flyback converter of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the energy balance control method of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the first discharging process in which a battery cell selected in the method of the present disclosure is discharged into a battery with an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a second discharging process in which a battery cell selected in the method of the present disclosure is discharged into a battery with an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the first charging process in which a battery cell selected in the method of the present disclosure is charged with an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a second charging process in which a battery cell is gated in an even-numbered battery cell group in an even-numbered battery in the method of the present disclosure.
  • an energy balance control device is provided. See FIG. 1 for a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.
  • the energy balance control device may include: a transformer, a conversion unit, and a selection unit.
  • the secondary side of the transformer is provided with a winding, the winding of the transformer is reduced, the volume is reduced, the cost is reduced, the indirect PCB board is also reduced, and the volume of the controller is reduced. Reduce, the product can be quantified production.
  • the transformer, the conversion unit, and the selection unit may be connected in sequence.
  • the transformer can be a transformer with a set frequency, such as a high-frequency transformer.
  • the conversion unit can be a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit.
  • the selection unit may be a cell selection switch array, and the cell selection switch array may be arranged between the cell and the conversion unit.
  • the selection unit which is arranged between the battery cell group and the first side of the conversion unit, can be configured to select a battery cell in the battery cell group that needs to perform energy balance control during an energy balance control process. For example: select any cell in the cell group, and open the connection path between the selected cell and the first side of the conversion unit, so as to realize the connection between any cell in the cell group and the first side of the conversion unit. Gating or shutting down control between.
  • the conversion unit may be configured to implement a first energy conversion process in an energy balance control process between the gated cell and the storage battery based on a gated cell.
  • the first energy conversion process may include: a first energy conversion process between the battery core set on the first side of the conversion unit and the second side of the conversion unit. Wherein, the first side of the conversion unit is connected with the selection unit, and the second side of the conversion unit is connected with the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the transformer may be set to implement the second energy conversion process in an energy balance control process between a battery cell and a battery.
  • the second energy conversion process may include: a second energy conversion process between the second side of the conversion unit provided on the secondary side of the transformer and the storage battery provided on the primary side of the transformer.
  • the storage battery is arranged on the primary side of the transformer, and the secondary side of the transformer is arranged on the second side of the conversion unit.
  • the first energy conversion process and the second energy conversion process constitute an energy equalization process between a gating cell and a battery, that is, forming an energy balance control between a gating cell and a battery.
  • An energy balance process An energy balance process.
  • the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is a winding, which can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, so as to at least solve the problem of more secondary windings of the transformer.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer can be significantly reduced, it can also solve the problems of difficulty, high cost, and large size of the transformer due to the large number of windings, so that the production cost and volume of the transformer are greatly reduced, and the production is easy. , And can realize automated production with high efficiency.
  • the reduction of the windings is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, which can also solve the problems of unstable topological operation and low power efficiency caused by the large leakage inductance of the transformer. This improves the stability and reliability of the topological work, and greatly improves the power conversion efficiency.
  • An energy balance control process between the core and the battery can reduce the control difficulty of an energy balance control process between a selected battery cell and the battery in the battery cell group.
  • the transformation unit is a bidirectional transformation unit.
  • An energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery may include: a two-way energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery, and the two-way energy equalization process may specifically include: a selected battery cell The two-way process of the discharge control process or the two-way energy balance of the charge control process. Specifically, it may include: when the voltage of the gated cell is higher than the set voltage, the gated cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process; when the voltage of the gated cell is lower than When the voltage is set, the selected battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process.
  • the set voltage and the set voltage can be the same.
  • the set voltage and the set voltage can also be different.
  • the set voltage can be the upper limit of a set voltage range
  • the set voltage can be the lower limit of a set voltage range.
  • the primary side of a high-frequency transformer is a winding with a center tap, that is, a flyback transformer with two windings on the primary side and one winding on the secondary side can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, thereby at least solving the secondary side of the transformer The problem of more windings.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer can be significantly reduced, it can also solve the problems of difficulty, high cost, and large size of the transformer due to the large number of windings, so that the production cost and volume of the transformer are greatly reduced, and the production is easy. , And can realize automated production with high efficiency.
  • the reduction of the windings is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, which can also solve the problems of unstable topological operation and low power efficiency caused by the large leakage inductance of the transformer. This improves the stability and reliability of the topological work, and greatly improves the power conversion efficiency.
  • the 24V battery on the electric vehicle can exchange energy with the cells in the battery cell group to achieve active balance.
  • the exchange or transformation of energy is realized through a transformer.
  • the role of the transformer one is to play the role of isolation; the other is the transformation of energy, and it is bidirectional. That is, if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery needs to be transferred to the battery, that is, the battery is discharged; on the contrary, if the voltage of the battery is too low, or if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery is required Transfer to the direction of the battery core, that is, charge the battery core.
  • the primary side of the transformer have two windings and the secondary side is provided with one winding, the number of windings of the transformer is not reduced, so that the difficulty of realization of the transformer is significantly reduced; moreover, with the selection unit and the conversion unit, it can be A bidirectional energy balance control process between a battery cell and a battery in the battery cell group is realized, and the control difficulty of a bidirectional energy balance control process between a battery cell in the battery cell group and the battery can be reduced.
  • the gated battery cell charges the battery to realize the discharge process, which may include: the gated battery cell
  • the core is the first discharge process in which the odd-numbered cells in the battery pack discharge to the battery, or the strobed one is the second discharge process in which the even-numbered cells in the battery pack discharge to the battery.
  • the first discharging situation the selected battery cell is the first discharge process in which the cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an odd order to the battery.
  • the details can be as follows:
  • the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the first cell 1, the third cell 3, etc.
  • the cell is controlled.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the controller sends an instruction to make the selector switches on both sides of the first cell 1, such as power tubes or switch tubes Q1, Q3, and Q3, Q4 turn on at the same time.
  • the first terminal BUS1 is connected to the positive pole of the first cell 1.
  • the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the negative electrode of the first cell 1.
  • BUS that is, the first terminal BUS1 and the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • the control conversion unit is in a boost state.
  • the fourth group of control switches in the control conversion unit is turned on for a set time, such as the turn-on time T, to charge the inductor in the conversion unit to make
  • the conversion unit implements the boosting process, it outputs a first voltage with positive and negative top and bottom.
  • the first voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductor in the conversion unit.
  • the first terminal BUS1 of the first cell 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first cell 1, and the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the first cell.
  • BUS that is, the first terminal BUS1 and the second terminal BUS2
  • the BUCK-BOOST works in the BOOST mode, so that the output voltage of the converter is higher than the voltage of the first cell 1.
  • the output voltage of the converter is V1, that is, the voltage drop across the capacitor C2 is V1, and the upper side is positive and the lower side is negative.
  • Step-up process control the conduction time T of the power tubes K6 and K7. At this time, the charging time for the inductor L is T, and then the power tubes K6 and K7 are disconnected, and the induced voltage of the inductor L is left negative and right positive.
  • the output voltage of the converter is equal to the voltage of the inductor L plus the voltage of the first cell 1, so it is a boost circuit.
  • the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the winding of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name are turned on for a set time and then turned off, such as turning off after the turn-on time T1, and then controlling the second of the primary side of the transformer.
  • the second group of control switches on the lead wire of the different name end of the winding is turned on to realize the charging of the battery at the second winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery.
  • the voltage of the first cell 1 is boosted by a conversion unit such as a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and outputs the voltage V1.
  • the voltage V1 generated by the boost is connected to the two-way flyback converter.
  • the power tubes K4 and K5 are turned on for T1, ignoring the conduction voltage drop.
  • the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer has the same name (as shown in Figure 2, Figure 2). 4.
  • the black dot in Figure 5) is the positive electrode, and the other end is the negative electrode. The current flows in from the end of the same name to excite the secondary winding, and then the power tubes K4 and K5 are turned off.
  • the direction of the induced voltage of the secondary winding is up-negative and down-positive.
  • the polarity of the same-name end of the primary side is the same as the negative pole, and the other end is Positive
  • the switching tubes K3 and K2 must be controlled to be turned on (for example, the switching tubes K3 and K2 can be turned on by making the MCU send out a high-frequency PWM wave) to complete the charging of the battery.
  • the energy of the first cell 1 is transferred to the storage battery, and the voltage of the first cell 1 is reduced to achieve the purpose of balance.
  • the second discharging situation the selected battery cell is the second discharging process in which the even-numbered cells in the battery cell group discharge to the battery.
  • the details can be as follows:
  • the selected cell is an even-numbered cell in the cell group, such as the second cell 2, the fourth cell 4, etc.
  • the cell is controlled
  • the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the cell are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit end.
  • the MCU sends out a control signal, turns on the switch tubes Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6, and selects the second cell 2 to connect to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • control conversion unit is in a boost state.
  • the fourth group of control switches in the control conversion unit is turned on for a set time, such as the turn-on time T, to charge the inductor in the conversion unit to make
  • the conversion unit implements the boosting process, it outputs a second voltage with negative upper and lower positive.
  • the second voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductor in the conversion unit.
  • the boosting process is performed through the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • the difference from the first battery cell 1 discharge is that after the BUCK-BOOST circuit, a voltage V2 is generated.
  • V2 and V1 have the same voltage value and opposite polarity, that is, the same-named end of the secondary side of the transformer is the negative pole, and the other end is the positive pole. .
  • the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name are turned on for a set time and then turned off, such as turning off after the turn-on time T1, and then controlling the first of the primary side of the transformer.
  • the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the winding with the same name is turned on to realize the charging of the battery at the first winding of the primary side of the transformer by the cell.
  • the voltage of the second cell 2 is boosted by a conversion unit such as a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and outputs the voltage V2.
  • the MCU sends a signal to control the switching tubes K4 and K5 to be turned on at the same time.
  • the negative terminal of the second cell 2 is connected to the secondary side of the transformer with the same name, and the positive terminal is connected to the other end.
  • the switching tubes K4 and K5 are disconnected, the secondary winding The voltage generated is positive and negative.
  • the switching tubes K1 and K must be turned on, so that the energy of the secondary side is transferred to the primary side.
  • the gated battery cell when the voltage of the gated battery cell is lower than the set voltage, the gated battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, which may include: the gated battery cell
  • the core is the first charging process in which the odd-numbered cells in the battery pack charge the battery
  • the gated battery is the second charging process in which the even-numbered cells in the battery pack charge the battery.
  • the first charging scenario the first charging process of a battery cell that is strobed is the battery with odd-numbered cells in the battery cell group, which can be specifically as follows:
  • the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the first cell 1, the third cell 3, etc.
  • the cell is controlled when the charging instruction is received.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the selection switches on both sides of the first cell 1 such as power tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4 are turned on, so that the first cell 1 is connected to the equalization circuit.
  • the second set of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding of the primary side of the transformer are turned on for a set time and then turned off, and the lead-out line of the secondary side of the transformer with the same name is controlled.
  • the third group of control switches is turned on, so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs the third voltage, which is then charged to the cell after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the first cell 1 when the voltage of the first cell 1 is too low and needs to be charged and balanced, the first cell 1 is controlled to be connected to the balancing circuit. Because the end with the same name of the secondary winding connected to the first battery core 1 is the positive electrode, if you want to charge the first battery core 1, you need to close the switch tubes K2 and K3 on the primary side.
  • the MCU sends a high level to control the switching tubes K2 and K3 to be turned on. At this time, the primary winding is excited. After a period of time, the switching tubes K2 and K3 are turned off, and at the same time, the switching tubes K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V1 is output; then, the voltage V1 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit, and finally a relatively stable current is output to charge the first battery cell 1.
  • the second charging scenario The first battery cell that is strobed is the second charging process in which the cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an even number to charge the battery.
  • the specifics can be as follows:
  • the selected battery cell is an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the second cell 2, the fourth cell 4, etc.
  • the cell is controlled.
  • the fifth set of control switches and the sixth set of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the cell are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative poles of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit end.
  • the second battery cell 2 For example: if the voltage of the second battery cell 2 is too low, charge equalization is required. If the voltage of the second battery cell 2 is too low, the battery needs to be charged.
  • the selection switches on both sides of the second cell 2 such as power tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4 are turned on, so that the second cell 2 is connected to the equalization circuit.
  • the first set of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer with the same name are turned on for a set time and then turned off, and control the lead-out line of the secondary winding of the transformer with the same name.
  • the third group of control switches is turned on, so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs a fourth voltage, which is then charged to the battery core after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the second cell 2 when the voltage of the second cell 2 is too low and needs to be charged and balanced, the second cell 2 is controlled to be connected to the balancing circuit. Because the end with the same name of the secondary winding connected to the second battery core 2 is the negative electrode, if you want to charge the second battery core 2, you need to close the switch tubes K and K1 on the primary side.
  • the MCU sends out a high-level control switch tube K and K1 to be turned on, at this time the primary winding is excited, after a period of time, K and K1 are turned off, and at the same time, K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V2 is output; then, the voltage V2 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit to finally output a relatively stable current to charge the second battery core 2.
  • the above description takes the charging and discharging of the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 as an example to describe the working process.
  • the charging and discharging of other batteries are the same as the working modes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 and will not be repeated here.
  • the charging and discharging control of the battery cells in the battery cell group with odd or even order in the battery cell group can be realized.
  • the energy balance processing between the battery cell and the battery is performed with low difficulty and low cost.
  • the two windings provided on the primary side of the transformer may include: a first winding and a second winding.
  • the opposite end of the first winding is connected to the same end of the second winding, and the same end of the first winding and the opposite end of the first winding are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery.
  • a first group of control switches is arranged on the lead of the same name of the first winding, and a second group of control switches is arranged on the lead of a different name of the second winding.
  • the first group of control switches and the second group of control switches can be set to control the switching of the working states of the first winding and the second winding of the primary side of the transformer.
  • the first group of control switches such as control switches K and K1.
  • the second group of control switches such as control switches K2 and K3.
  • the first winding and the second winding are two independent windings, or the first winding and the second winding are a winding with a center tap and two windings separated by the center tap; for example: the primary side of a high-frequency transformer It is a winding with a center tap, or it can be two independent windings.
  • a power switch tube is connected to the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, which not only realizes the conversion of energy, but also can be set to control the selection and switching of the positive and negative polarity of the battery. That is to say, in the solution of the present disclosure, in terms of battery charging and discharging, the primary side of the flyback transformer performs winding switching. Since the voltage polarity of the busbar is uncertain, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is switched to realize the connection with the battery.
  • the design of the transformer is simple for charging and discharging.
  • a third group of control switches is provided on the end lead of the same name of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the third group of control switches such as control switches K4 and K5.
  • the primary side of a high-frequency transformer is a winding with a center tap, that is, a flyback transformer with two windings on the primary side and one winding on the secondary side.
  • a control switch is arranged on the primary winding of the transformer, which can realize the bidirectional flow of energy by turning on or off.
  • the control switches K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, etc. can all be power MOSFET tubes, or power switching tubes such as IGBTs can be used instead. By controlling them to turn on or off, the two-way flow of energy can be realized.
  • the power switch tubes K4 and K5 act at the same time
  • the power switch tubes K2 and K3 act at the same time, that is, the power switch tubes K4 and K5 are on and off at the same time
  • the power switch tubes K2 and K3 are on and off at the same time.
  • the power switch tubes K4 and K5 and the power switch tubes K2 and K3 cannot be turned on at the same time, otherwise the circuit cannot work normally.
  • the bidirectional conversion unit may include: a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • the conversion unit can be a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit, and the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit can be arranged at the back end of the secondary side of the transformer.
  • a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit is added at the back end of the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer, which can realize constant current charging and discharging of the cells.
  • an inductor in the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit, an inductor, a fourth group of control switches and a fifth group of control switches are provided.
  • the first end of the fourth group of control switches is connected to the first end of the fifth group of control switches
  • the second end of the fourth group of control switches is connected to the same-named end of the secondary winding of the transformer
  • the fifth group of control switches is the second
  • the terminals are respectively connected to the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit and the opposite terminal of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the inductor is connected between the first terminal on the first side of the changing unit and the first terminal of the fourth group of control switches.
  • an inductor such as inductor L
  • a fourth group of control switches such as control switches K6 and K7
  • a fifth group of control switches such as control switches K8 and K9
  • K6, K7, K8, and K9 are all power MOSFET tubes, which can also be replaced by power switch tubes such as IGBTs. By controlling them to turn on or off, the two-way flow of energy can be realized.
  • the first end of the fourth group of control switches is connected to the first end of the fifth group of control switches
  • the second end of the fourth group of control switches is connected to the same-named end of the secondary winding of the transformer
  • the fifth group of control switches is the second
  • the terminals are respectively connected to the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit and the opposite terminal of the winding on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the inductor is connected between the first terminal on the first side of the changing unit and the first terminal of the fourth group of control switches.
  • the inductance L in the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit is an energy storage element, which realizes BUCK-BOOST power conversion when the switch is turned on and off.
  • the primary side of a high-frequency transformer is a winding with a center tap, that is, a flyback transformer with two windings on the primary side and one winding on the secondary side.
  • a power switch tube is connected to the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, which not only realizes the conversion of energy, but also can be set to control the selective switching of the positive and negative polarity of the battery, so that the high-frequency transformer forms a bidirectional flyback converter such as a bidirectional flyback.
  • the bidirectional flyback converter is used to realize the bidirectional transmission of energy to achieve balance, and a bidirectional half-bridge BUCK-BOOST circuit is added after the bidirectional flyback converter to realize the constant current charging and discharging of the cell.
  • the BUCK-BOOST circuit is added to the topology to realize constant current control, so that the equilibrium current of the cell is a constant value, and the life of the cell is prolonged. Thereby, constant current control can also be realized, and the life of the battery core can be prolonged.
  • the battery cell group may include: N single-segment battery cells, N single-segment battery cells are arranged in parallel, and N is a natural number.
  • the positive leads of the N single-cell batteries are all connected to the first terminal on the first side of the conversion unit, and the negative leads of the N single-cell batteries are all connected to the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit.
  • the selection unit may include: a sixth group of control switches and a seventh group of control switches respectively arranged on the positive and negative leads of each battery cell, that is, the sixth group of control switches arranged on the positive and negative leads of each battery cell.
  • Group control switch, and the seventh group control switch set on the negative lead of each battery cell. Adjacent stages in the positive and negative poles of two adjacent battery cells share a group of control switches.
  • the selection unit is arranged between the battery cell group and the first side of the conversion unit.
  • more than one battery cell branch is arranged in parallel.
  • Each cell branch is provided with a single-segment cell, and a set of control switches are respectively provided on the positive and negative leads of the cell.
  • the positive lead of each cell is connected to a first terminal such as BUS1
  • the negative lead of each cell is connected to a second terminal such as BUS2.
  • the sixth group of control switches set on the positive and negative leads of the first battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the first battery cell 1, can be such as the control switches Q1 and Q2, and the seventh group of control switches can be such as the control switches Q3 and Q3.
  • the sixth group of control switches arranged on the second battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the positive and negative leads of the second battery cell 2 can be like control switches Q3 and Q4, and the seventh group of control switches can be like control switches Q5 and Q5.
  • the sixth group of control switches set on the positive and negative leads of the third battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the third cell 3 can be like the control switches Q5 and Q6, and the seventh group of control switches can be like the control switch Q5 Other control switches similar to Q6.
  • control switches such as power switch tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4, etc.
  • the power switch tubes Q1 and Q2 and the power switch tubes Q3 and Q4 on both sides of the first cell 1 are all cell selection switches.
  • the power switch tubes Q3 and Q4 and the power switch tubes Q5 and Q6 are all cell selection switches.
  • each cell can be connected to the active equalization circuit by turning on or off the power switches on both sides of it to determine whether it is selected.
  • the storage battery performs energy conversion.
  • the selection unit one of the cells in the cell group that needs energy equalization can be selected and then connected to the conversion unit, so that the secondary side of the transformer can be used for any cell in the cell group when only one winding is provided.
  • the energy balance processing of a battery cell greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of energy balance processing on the battery cell group.
  • any one of the first group of control switches, the second group of control switches, the third group of control switches, the fourth group of control switches, the fifth group of control switches, the sixth group of control switches, and the seventh group of control switches may include: a first switch body, a second switch body, a first body diode, and a second body diode.
  • the first body diode is arranged in parallel between the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the first switch body, and the second body diode is arranged in parallel between the first control terminal and the second control terminal of the second switch body; And in any group of control switches, the anode of the first body diode and the anode of the second body diode are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the power switch on either side of each cell uses two power MOSFETs in series, which solves the uncontrollable influence of the energy flowing from the body diode caused by the parasitic body diode of the MOSFET.
  • any one of the first switch body and the second switch body may include: a MOS tube, an IGBT, or a relay.
  • K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 are all power MOSFET tubes, which can also be replaced by power switch tubes such as IGBT.
  • power switch tubes such as IGBT.
  • the battery cell selection switch which can be switched by MOSFET, IGBT, and relay.
  • it may further include: a voltage stabilizing filter unit.
  • the number of the voltage stabilizing filter unit is more than one, and the more than one voltage stabilizing filter unit is arranged on one side of the primary side of the transformer, on the side of the secondary side of the transformer, and/or arranged on the first side of the conversion unit. side.
  • more than one voltage stabilizing filter unit may include: a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, and/or a capacitor C3.
  • the voltage stabilization and filtering processing of the voltage where the voltage stabilization filter unit is installed is beneficial to improve the stability and reliability of the voltage.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure is adopted to reduce the high-frequency transformer's high-frequency transformer by making the primary side of the high-frequency transformer two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer one winding flyback converter.
  • the number of windings on the secondary side can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, and the difficulty of implementing the high-frequency transformer is correspondingly reduced.
  • a battery system corresponding to the energy balance control device is also provided.
  • the battery system may include the energy balance control device described above.
  • the life of the battery is closely related to each battery cell. As the battery runs for a long time, the problem of inconsistency of multiple single cells in the battery becomes more and more serious. Over time, the life of the entire battery such as the power battery will be greatly reduced.
  • the best way to solve the inconsistency of multiple single-cell cells in a battery is to find new materials to make materials with longer durability and better consistency. But material innovation is very difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the measures to improve the consistency of the battery, and the balance technology is spontaneously developed.
  • Equalization technology is divided into active equalization and passive equalization.
  • Passive equalization is to supplement the battery energy consumption of high-voltage batteries, thereby reducing the voltage; but low-voltage batteries cannot be supplemented, which shows that passive equalization has large limitations and low efficiency.
  • Active balance can not only achieve the balance of high and low voltage cells, but also has lower power loss and high efficiency. Therefore, the active equalization technology can well solve the inconsistency of multiple single-cell cells in the battery and increase the life of the battery. For example, a two-way flyback converter can be used as a circuit topology to solve active equalization.
  • active balancing is to balance multiple cells and need to select a cell each time it is balanced, you need to select a switch, select a cell that needs to be balanced, and use a DC/DC high-frequency transformer to achieve energy conversion.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active balancing topology.
  • N represents the number of cells, which is a natural number, such as the first cell 1, the second cell 2,..., the N-1th cell N-1, the Nth cell N and so on.
  • the first cell 1, the second cell 2,..., the N-1 cell N-1, and the N cell N are individual cells in the power battery pack (PACK), and the balance is for These batteries are designed, and power switches such as Q1 and Q2 can be set to select the batteries that need to be balanced.
  • the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is one winding, and the corresponding secondary side is multiple windings. If the voltage of the battery cell on the secondary side is low, the battery is used to charge it; otherwise, the battery cell is used to charge the battery.
  • the solution of the present disclosure provides a BMS active balancing topology, That is, in order to make the structure of the active balanced DC/DC high-frequency transformer simpler, an active balanced topology is designed.
  • a new active equalization topology is designed in the solution of the present disclosure.
  • the primary side of the high-frequency transformer of this topology is a winding with a center tap, that is, a flyback with two windings on the primary side and one winding on the secondary side.
  • the transformer can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, which can at least solve the problem of more secondary windings of the transformer.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer can be significantly reduced, it can also solve the problems of difficulty, high cost, and large size of the transformer due to the large number of windings, so that the manufacturing cost and volume of the transformer are greatly reduced, easy to manufacture, and can be realized. Automated production and high efficiency.
  • the battery cell can be selected by selecting the switch array, and then connected to the bus bar, and the voltage of the bus bar may be negative or positive, depending on the selected battery cell.
  • the switch array By selecting the switch array to select the battery cell, no matter how many battery-saving cells are balanced, only a high-frequency transformer is needed, which greatly reduces the cost. Therefore, the problem that a high-frequency transformer cannot complete the balance of all the cells can also be solved.
  • a power switch tube is connected to the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, which not only realizes energy conversion, but also can be set to control the selective switching of the positive and negative polarity of the battery. That is to say, in the solution of the present disclosure, in terms of battery charging and discharging, the primary side of the flyback transformer performs winding switching. Since the voltage polarity of the busbar is uncertain, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is switched to realize the connection with the battery. The design of the transformer is simple for charging and discharging.
  • the bidirectional flyback converter is used to realize the bidirectional transmission of energy to achieve balance, but also a bidirectional half-bridge BUCK-BOOST circuit is added after the bidirectional flyback converter to achieve cell constant Current charge and discharge. That is to say, the BUCK-BOOST circuit is added to the topology to realize constant current control, so that the equilibrium current of the cell is a constant value, and the life of the cell is prolonged. Thereby, constant current control can also be realized, and the life of the battery core can be prolonged.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an active balancing topology of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure.
  • K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 are all power MOSFET tubes, which can also be replaced by power switching tubes such as IGBTs, and energy can be achieved by controlling them to turn on or off.
  • the inductor L is an energy storage element, which realizes the BUCK-BOOST power conversion when the switch tube is turned on and off.
  • the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is a winding with a center tap, or it can be two independent windings. Compared with Figure 2, the transformer in Figure 3 has reduced windings, reduced volume, and reduced cost.
  • the indirect PCB board will also be reduced. The volume of the controller is reduced, and the product can be quantified.
  • a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit is added to the back end of the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer, which can realize constant current charging and discharging of the cells.
  • the BUCK-BOOST power conversion circuit is a step-down and boost circuit.
  • BUCK circuit refers to a single tube whose output voltage is lower than the input voltage and does not isolate DC conversion.
  • BOOST means that a single tube whose output voltage is higher than the input voltage is not isolated from DC conversion.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell selection switch array of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure.
  • the power switch tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4, etc. are all cell selection switches.
  • the power switch tubes Q1 and Q2 and the power switch tubes Q3 and Q4 on both sides of the first cell 1 the power switch tubes Q3 and Q4 and the power switch tubes Q5 and Q6 on both sides of the second cell 2 and so on.
  • the cell selection switch can be a switch such as MOSFET, IGBT, and relay.
  • the power switch tubes Q1, Q2 and the power switch tubes Q3, Q4 on both sides of the first cell 1 are turned on at the same time, since the positive and negative poles of the first cell 1 are connected to BUS1, BUS2, then, At this time, the first cell 1 is selected and connected to the actively balanced circuit.
  • the power switch tubes Q3, Q4 and the power switch tubes Q5 and Q6 on both sides of the second cell 2 are turned on at the same time, the second cell 2 is selected, because the positive and negative poles of the second cell 2 are also connected to BUS1 and BUS1.
  • BUS2 is turned on, then, at this time, the second cell 2 is selected and connected to the active equalization circuit.
  • each cell can be connected to the active equalization circuit by turning on or off the power switches on both sides of it to determine whether it is selected.
  • the power switch on either side of each cell uses two power MOSFETs in series, which solves the uncontrollable influence of the energy flowing from the body diode caused by the parasitic body diode of the MOSFET.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the discharge flyback converter of the first cell 1 of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the second battery cell 2 discharge flyback converter of an embodiment of the battery system of the present disclosure.
  • the dotted line represents the action of the power switch
  • the solid line represents the non-action of the power switch.
  • the non-action of the power switch means that the power switch is always in an off state.
  • the power switch tubes K4 and K5 act at the same time
  • the power switch tubes K2 and K3 act at the same time, that is, the power switch tubes K4 and K5 are on and off at the same time
  • the power switch tubes K2 and K3 are on and off at the same time.
  • the power switch tubes K4 and K5 and the power switch tubes K2 and K3 cannot be turned on at the same time, otherwise the circuit cannot work normally.
  • the solution of the present disclosure can be used to exchange energy between the 24V battery on the electric vehicle and the battery cells in the battery cell group to achieve active balance.
  • the exchange or transformation of energy is realized through a transformer.
  • the role of the transformer one is to play the role of isolation; the other is the transformation of energy, and it is bidirectional. That is, if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery needs to be transferred to the battery, that is, the battery is discharged; on the contrary, if the voltage of the battery is too low, or if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery is required Transfer to the direction of the battery core, that is, charge the battery core.
  • the realization process of the bidirectional conversion of energy between the battery and the battery cell can be referred to the following exemplary description.
  • the voltage of the first battery cell 1 is too high, it needs to be discharged and balanced.
  • the controller sends an instruction to enable the selection switches on both sides of the first cell 1, such as power tubes or switch tubes Q1, Q2, and Q3, Q4 to be turned on at the same time.
  • the first terminal BUS1 is connected to the positive pole of the first cell 1.
  • the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the negative electrode of the first cell 1.
  • BUS that is, the first terminal BUS1 and the second terminal BUS2
  • BUS is connected to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • the BUCK-BOOST works in the BOOST mode, so that the output voltage of the converter is higher than the voltage of the first cell 1.
  • the output voltage of the converter is V1
  • the voltage drop across the capacitor C2 is V1
  • the upper side is positive and the lower side is negative.
  • Step-up process control the conduction time T of the power tubes K6 and K7. At this time, the charging time for the inductor L is T, and then the power tubes K6 and K7 are disconnected, and the induced voltage of the inductor L is left negative and right positive.
  • the output voltage of the converter is equal to the voltage of the inductor L plus the voltage of the first cell 1, so it is a boost circuit.
  • the voltage generated by the boost is connected to the two-way flyback converter.
  • the conduction time T1 of the power tubes K4 and K5, ignoring the conduction voltage drop, then the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer has the same name (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5).
  • the black dot in Figure 6) is the positive electrode, and the other end is the negative electrode.
  • the current flows in from the end of the same name to excite the secondary winding, and then the power tubes K4 and K5 are turned off. At this time, the direction of the induced voltage of the secondary winding is up-negative and down-positive.
  • the polarity of the same-name end of the primary side is both negative and the other end is Positive
  • the switching tubes K3 and K2 must be controlled to be turned on (for example, the switching tubes K3 and K2 can be turned on by making the MCU send out a high-frequency PWM wave) to complete the charging of the battery.
  • the energy of the first cell 1 is transferred to the storage battery, and the voltage of the first cell 1 is reduced to achieve the purpose of balance.
  • a battery is required to charge it if the voltage of the first battery cell 1 is too low.
  • the selection switches on both sides of the first cell 1, such as the power tubes Q1, Q2, and Q3, Q4, so that the first cell 1 is connected to the equalization circuit. Because the end with the same name of the secondary winding connected to the first battery core 1 is the positive electrode, if you want to charge the first battery core 1, you need to close the switch tubes K2 and K3 on the primary side.
  • the MCU sends a high level to control the switching tubes K2 and K3 to be turned on. At this time, the primary winding is excited. After a period of time, the switching tubes K2 and K3 are turned off, and at the same time, the switching tubes K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V1 is output; then, the voltage V1 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit, and finally a relatively stable current is output to charge the first battery cell 1.
  • the MCU sends out a control signal to turn on the switch tubes Q3, Q4 and Q5, Q6, and select the second cell 2 to connect to the circuit.
  • the difference from the first battery cell 1 discharge is that after the BUCK-BOOST circuit, a voltage V2 is generated.
  • V2 and V1 have the same voltage value and opposite polarity, that is, the same-named end of the secondary side of the transformer is the negative pole, and the other end is the positive pole.
  • the MCU sends a signal to control the switching tubes K4 and K5 to be turned on at the same time.
  • the negative terminal of the second cell 2 is connected to the secondary side of the transformer with the same name, and the positive terminal is connected to the other end.
  • the switching tubes K4 and K5 are disconnected, the secondary winding The voltage generated is positive and negative.
  • the switching tubes K1 and K must be turned on so that the energy of the secondary side is transferred to the primary side.
  • the second The battery core 2 completes the discharge of the battery, and realizes the equalization control.
  • the MCU sends out a high-level control switch tube K and K1 to be turned on, at this time the primary winding is excited, after a period of time, K and K1 are turned off, and at the same time, K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V2 is output; then, the voltage V2 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit to finally output a relatively stable current to charge the second battery core 2.
  • the above description takes the charging and discharging of the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 as an example to describe the working process.
  • the charging and discharging of other batteries are the same as the working modes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 and will not be repeated here.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure is adopted to reduce the high-frequency transformer's high-frequency transformer by making the primary side of the high-frequency transformer two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer one winding flyback converter.
  • the number of windings on the secondary side can reduce the volume of the transformer and reduce the implementation cost of the transformer.
  • a method for controlling the energy balance of the battery system corresponding to the battery system is also provided, as shown in FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the method of the present disclosure.
  • the energy balance control method of the battery system may include: step S110 to step S130.
  • step S110 in an energy balance control process through the selection unit, a battery cell in the battery cell group that needs to be subjected to energy balance control is selected. For example: select any cell in the cell group, and open the connection path between the selected cell and the first side of the conversion unit, so as to realize the connection between any cell in the cell group and the first side of the conversion unit. Gating or shutting down control between.
  • the first energy conversion process in an energy balance control process between the gated cell and the battery is realized based on the gated cell by the transform unit.
  • the first energy conversion process may include: a first energy conversion process between the battery core set on the first side of the conversion unit and the second side of the conversion unit. Wherein, the first side of the conversion unit is connected with the selection unit, and the second side of the conversion unit is connected with the secondary side of the transformer.
  • step S130 the second energy conversion process in an energy balance control process between the gated battery cell and the battery is realized through the transformer.
  • the second energy conversion process may include: a second energy conversion process between the second side of the conversion unit provided on the secondary side of the transformer and the storage battery provided on the primary side of the transformer.
  • the storage battery is arranged on the primary side of the transformer, and the secondary side of the transformer is arranged on the second side of the conversion unit.
  • the first energy conversion process and the second energy conversion process constitute an energy equalization process between a gating cell and a battery, that is, forming an energy balance control between a gating cell and a battery.
  • An energy balance process An energy balance process.
  • the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is a winding, which can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, so as to at least solve the problem of more secondary windings of the transformer.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer can be significantly reduced, it can also solve the problems of difficulty, high cost, and large size of the transformer due to the large number of windings, so that the production cost and volume of the transformer are greatly reduced, and the production is easy. , And can realize automated production with high efficiency.
  • the reduction of the windings is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, which can also solve the problems of unstable topological operation and low power efficiency caused by the large leakage inductance of the transformer. This improves the stability and reliability of the topological work, and greatly improves the power conversion efficiency.
  • An energy balance control process between the core and the battery can reduce the control difficulty of an energy balance control process between a selected battery cell and the battery in the battery cell group.
  • an energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery may include: a two-way energy equalization process between the selected battery cell and the battery, and the two-way energy equalization process may specifically include:
  • the two-way energy balance of the discharge control process or the charge control process of the battery is a two-way process. Specifically, it may include: when the voltage of the gated cell is higher than the set voltage, the gated cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process; when the voltage of the gated cell is lower than When the voltage is set, the selected battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process.
  • the set voltage and the set voltage can be the same.
  • the set voltage and the set voltage can also be different.
  • the set voltage can be the upper limit of a set voltage range
  • the set voltage can be the lower limit of a set voltage range.
  • the primary side of a high-frequency transformer is a winding with a center tap, that is, a flyback transformer with two windings on the primary side and one winding on the secondary side can significantly reduce the windings of the high-frequency transformer, thereby at least solving the secondary side of the transformer The problem of more windings.
  • the windings of the high-frequency transformer can be significantly reduced, it can also solve the problems of difficulty, high cost, and large size of the transformer due to the large number of windings, so that the production cost and volume of the transformer are greatly reduced, and the production is easy. , And can realize automated production with high efficiency.
  • the reduction of the windings is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, which can also solve the problems of unstable topological operation and low power efficiency caused by the large leakage inductance of the transformer. This improves the stability and reliability of the topological work, and greatly improves the power conversion efficiency.
  • the 24V battery on the electric vehicle can exchange energy with the cells in the battery cell group to achieve active balance.
  • the exchange or transformation of energy is realized through a transformer.
  • the role of the transformer one is to play the role of isolation; the other is the transformation of energy, and it is bidirectional. That is, if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery needs to be transferred to the battery, that is, the battery is discharged; on the contrary, if the voltage of the battery is too low, or if the voltage of the battery is too high, the energy of the battery is required Transfer to the direction of the battery core, that is, charge the battery core.
  • the primary side of the transformer have two windings and the secondary side is provided with one winding, the number of windings of the transformer is not reduced, so that the difficulty of realization of the transformer is significantly reduced; moreover, with the selection unit and the conversion unit, it can be A bidirectional energy balance control process between a battery cell and a battery in the battery cell group is realized, and the control difficulty of a bidirectional energy balance control process between a battery cell in the battery cell group and the battery can be reduced.
  • the gated battery cell when the voltage of the gated battery cell is higher than the set voltage, the gated battery cell is charged to the battery to realize the discharge process of discharging, which may include: the gated battery cell is The first discharging process of the odd-numbered cells in the cell group discharging to the battery, or the selected one is the second discharging process of the even-numbered cells in the cell group discharging to the battery. See the example description below for any discharge situation.
  • the first discharging situation the selected battery cell is the first discharge process in which the battery cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an odd order to discharge the battery.
  • the following is a flow chart of an embodiment of the first discharging process in which the cells in the battery cell group with an odd-numbered arrangement sequence are discharged into the battery in conjunction with the gated cell in the method of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 8 to further illustrate the gated cell.
  • the core is a specific process of the first discharging process in which the cells in the battery cell group with an odd sequence are discharged to the storage battery, and may include: step S210 to step S230.
  • Step S210 if the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the first battery cell 1, the third battery cell 3, etc., when the discharge command is received, the battery is controlled.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the controller sends an instruction to make the selector switches on both sides of the first cell 1, such as power tubes or switch tubes Q1, Q3, and Q3, Q4 turn on at the same time.
  • the first terminal BUS1 is connected to the positive pole of the first cell 1.
  • the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the negative electrode of the first cell 1.
  • BUS that is, the first terminal BUS1 and the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • step S220 the conversion unit is controlled to be in the boosting state.
  • the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit are controlled to be turned on for a set time, such as the on time T, to charge the inductor in the conversion unit, so that the conversion unit can realize
  • the first voltage with positive and negative top and bottom is output.
  • the first voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductor in the conversion unit.
  • the first terminal BUS1 of the first cell 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first cell 1, and the second terminal BUS2 is connected to the first cell.
  • BUS that is, the first terminal BUS1 and the second terminal BUS2
  • the BUCK-BOOST works in the BOOST mode, so that the output voltage of the converter is higher than the voltage of the first cell 1.
  • the output voltage of the converter is V1, that is, the voltage drop across the capacitor C2 is V1, and the upper side is positive and the lower side is negative.
  • Step-up process control the conduction time T of the power tubes K6 and K7. At this time, the charging time for the inductor L is T, and then the power tubes K6 and K7 are disconnected, and the induced voltage of the inductor L is left negative and right positive.
  • the output voltage of the converter is equal to the voltage of the inductor L plus the voltage of the first cell 1, so it is a boost circuit.
  • Step S230 controlling the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the secondary winding of the transformer to be turned on for a set time and then turned off, such as turning off after the turn-on time T1, and then controlling the difference of the secondary winding on the primary side of the transformer.
  • the second group of control switches on the lead-out line of the name terminal is turned on to realize the charging of the battery at the second winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the voltage of the first cell 1 is boosted by a conversion unit such as a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and outputs the voltage V1.
  • the voltage V1 generated by the boost is connected to the two-way flyback converter.
  • the power tubes K4 and K5 are turned on for T1, ignoring the conduction voltage drop.
  • the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer has the same name (as shown in Figure 2, Figure 2). 4.
  • the black dot in Figure 5) is the positive electrode, and the other end is the negative electrode. The current flows in from the end of the same name to excite the secondary winding, and then the power tubes K4 and K5 are turned off.
  • the direction of the induced voltage of the secondary winding is up-negative and down-positive.
  • the polarity of the same-name end of the primary side is both negative and the other end is Positive, after disconnecting the power tubes K4 and K5, the switching tubes K3 and K2 must be controlled to be turned on (for example, the switching tubes K3 and K2 can be turned on by making the MCU send out a high-frequency PWM wave) to complete the charging of the battery.
  • the energy of the first cell 1 is transferred to the storage battery, and the voltage of the first cell 1 is reduced to achieve the purpose of balance.
  • the second discharging situation the selected battery cell is the second discharging process in which the cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an even number to discharge to the storage battery.
  • the following is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the second discharge process in which the cells in the battery cell group with an even number of cells in the battery cell group are discharged into the battery in conjunction with the gated cell in the method of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 9 to further illustrate the gated cell.
  • the core is a specific process of the second discharging process in which the cells in the even-numbered arrangement sequence in the cell group are discharged to the storage battery, and may include: step S310 to step S330.
  • step S310 if the selected battery cell is an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the second battery cell 2, the fourth battery cell 4, etc., when the discharge command is received, the battery cell is controlled.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the MCU sends out a control signal, turns on the switch tubes Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6, and selects the second cell 2 to connect to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • step S320 the conversion unit is controlled to be in a boosting state.
  • the fourth group of control switches in the conversion unit are controlled to be turned on for a set duration, such as the turn-on time T, to charge the inductance in the conversion unit to make the conversion unit realize
  • the second voltage with negative upper and lower positive is output.
  • the second voltage is the sum of the voltage of the cell and the voltage of the inductor in the conversion unit.
  • V2 when the voltage of the second cell 2 is too high and needs to be discharged and balanced, after the second cell 2 is connected to the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit, the voltage is boosted through the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit.
  • the difference from the first battery cell 1 discharge is that after the BUCK-BOOST circuit, a voltage V2 is generated.
  • V2 and V1 have the same voltage value and opposite polarity, that is, the same-named end of the secondary side of the transformer is the negative pole, and the other end is the positive pole. .
  • Step S330 Control the third group of control switches on the lead-out line of the secondary winding of the transformer with the same name to turn on for a set time and then turn off, such as turning off after the turn-on time T1, and then control the primary winding of the transformer with the same name
  • the first group of control switches on the terminal lead wire is turned on to realize the charging of the battery at the first winding of the primary side of the transformer by the battery core.
  • the voltage of the second cell 2 is boosted by a conversion unit such as a bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and outputs the voltage V2.
  • the MCU sends a signal to control the switching tubes K4 and K5 to be turned on at the same time.
  • the negative terminal of the second cell 2 is connected to the secondary side of the transformer with the same name, and the positive terminal is connected to the other end.
  • the switching tubes K4 and K5 are disconnected, the secondary winding The voltage generated is positive and negative.
  • the switching tubes K1 and K must be turned on, so that the energy of the secondary side is transferred to the primary side.
  • the gated battery cell when the voltage of the gated battery cell is lower than the set voltage, the gated battery cell is charged from the battery to realize the charging process, which may include: the gated battery cell is The first charging process in which the cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an odd order to charge the battery, or the gated battery is the second charging process in which the cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an even order to charge the battery. See the following example descriptions in any charging situation.
  • the first charging scenario the first battery cell that is strobed is the first charging process in which cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an odd order to charge the battery.
  • the following is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the first charging process in which the battery cells that are gated in the method of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 10 are charged with odd-numbered battery cells in the battery cell group to further illustrate the gated battery cell.
  • the core is a specific process of the first charging process in which the battery cells in the battery cell group with an odd sequence are charged to the battery, and may include: step S410 and step S420.
  • step S410 if the selected battery cell is an odd-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the first battery cell 1, the third battery cell 3, etc., when the charging instruction is received, the battery is controlled.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the selection switches on both sides of the first cell 1 such as power tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4 are turned on, so that the first cell 1 is connected to the equalization circuit.
  • Step S420 controlling the second group of control switches on the lead-out line of the second winding on the primary side of the transformer to turn on for a set time and then turn off, and control the third on the lead-out line of the secondary winding of the transformer with the same name.
  • the group control switch is turned on, so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs the third voltage, and the battery core is charged after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the first cell 1 when the voltage of the first cell 1 is too low and needs to be charged and balanced, the first cell 1 is controlled to be connected to the balancing circuit. Because the end with the same name of the secondary winding connected to the first battery core 1 is the positive electrode, if you want to charge the first battery core 1, you need to close the switch tubes K2 and K3 on the primary side.
  • the MCU sends a high level to control the switching tubes K2 and K3 to be turned on. At this time, the primary winding is excited. After a period of time, the switching tubes K2 and K3 are turned off, and at the same time, the switching tubes K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V1 is output; then, the voltage V1 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit, and finally a relatively stable current is output to charge the first battery cell 1.
  • the second charging situation the selected battery cell is the second charging process in which the battery cells in the battery cell group are arranged in an even sequence to charge the battery.
  • the following is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the second charging process in which the battery cells that are gated in the method of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 11 are even-numbered cells in the battery cell group are charged to the battery to further illustrate the gated battery cells.
  • the core is a specific process of the second charging process in which the cells in the even-numbered sequence in the battery cell group charge the battery, and may include: step S510 and step S520.
  • step S510 if the selected battery cell is an even-numbered battery cell in the battery cell group, such as the second battery cell 2, the fourth battery cell 4, etc., when the charging instruction is received, the battery is controlled.
  • the fifth group of control switches and the sixth group of control switches on the positive and negative leads of the core are turned on at the same time, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the cell are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal on the first side of the conversion unit .
  • the second battery cell 2 For example: if the voltage of the second battery cell 2 is too low, charge equalization is required. If the voltage of the second battery cell 2 is too low, the battery needs to be charged.
  • the selection switches on both sides of the second cell 2 such as power tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q4 are turned on, so that the second cell 2 is connected to the equalization circuit.
  • Step S520 control the first group of control switches on the lead-out line of the first winding of the primary side of the transformer to be turned on for a set time and then turn off, and control the third group of the lead-out line of the same-name end of the windings of the secondary side of the transformer
  • the control switch is turned on, so that the winding on the secondary side of the transformer outputs the fourth voltage, and the battery core is charged after the voltage step-down process of the conversion unit.
  • the second cell 2 when the voltage of the second cell 2 is too low and needs to be charged and balanced, the second cell 2 is controlled to be connected to the balancing circuit. Because the end with the same name of the secondary winding connected to the second battery core 2 is the negative electrode, if you want to charge the second battery core 2, you need to close the switch tubes K and K1 on the primary side.
  • the MCU sends out a high-level control switch tube K and K1 to be turned on, at this time the primary winding is excited, after a period of time, K and K1 are turned off, and at the same time, K4 and K5 are turned on.
  • a stable voltage V2 is output; then, the voltage V2 passes through the BUCK-BOOST circuit to finally output a relatively stable current to charge the second battery core 2.
  • the above description takes the charging and discharging of the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 as an example to describe the working process.
  • the charging and discharging of other batteries are the same as the working modes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 and will not be repeated here.
  • the charging and discharging control of the battery cells in the battery cell group with odd or even order in the battery cell group can be realized.
  • the energy balance processing between the battery cell and the battery is performed with low difficulty and low cost.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment is adopted to reduce the high-frequency transformer by making the primary side of the high-frequency transformer two windings and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer one winding flyback converter.
  • the number of windings on the secondary side is beneficial to enhance the magnetic coupling between the windings, so that the leakage inductance is greatly reduced, the stability and reliability of the topological work can be improved, and the power conversion efficiency is greatly improved.

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Abstract

一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法,该装置包括:选择单元,被设置为选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯;变换单元,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第一能量变换过程;变压器,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第二能量变换过程。上述技术方案可以解决电池均衡技术中变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度较大的问题,达到避免变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度降低的效果。

Description

一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法
本公开要求于2020年01月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010049353.6、发明名称为“一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开属于电池技术领域,具体涉及一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法,尤其涉及一种电池管理系统(BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,BMS)主动均衡拓扑、具有该电池管理系统的电池系统、以及该电池系统的能量均衡控制方法。
背景技术
随着经济的发展,石油等化石燃料的使用量不断增加,导致环境问题日益严重。寻找污染小、清洁的能源是解决环境问题的主要途径。电动汽车代替燃油车是当今社会发展的主要趋势,而电池作为电动车的能量存储设备,必不可少,电池的性能直接关系着电动车的性能,亦决定着电动车的发展前景,亦对减少环境污染有着及其重要的作用。但在一些电池均衡技术中,随着电芯的增多变压器的副边绕组也需要对应地增多,使得变压器的实现难度较大。
上述内容仅用于辅助理解本公开的技术方案,并不代表承认上述内容是相关技术。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于,针对上述缺陷,提供一种能量均衡控制装置、电池系统及其能量均衡控制方法,以解决电池均衡技术中变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度较大的问题,达到避免变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度降低的效果。
本公开提供一种能量均衡控制装置,包括:变压器、变换单元和选择单元,变压器的副边设置有一个绕组;其中,选择单元,被设置为选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯;变换单元,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄 电池之间的第一能量变换过程;该第一能量变换过程,包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理;变压器,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第二能量变换过程;该第二能量变换过程,包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理;其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程。
在一些实施方式中,变压器的原边设置有两个绕组;变换单元,为双向变换单元;选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体包括:在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
在一些实施方式中,变压器的原边设置的两个绕组,包括:第一绕组和第二绕组;第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端相连,第一绕组的同名端和第一绕组的异名端分别连接至蓄电池的正负极;在第一绕组的同名端引线上设置有第一组控制开关,在第二绕组的异名端引线上设置有第二组控制开关;第一组控制开关和第二组控制开关,被设置为控制变压器的原边的第一绕组和第二绕组的工作状态的切换;其中,第一绕组和第二绕组为两个独立的绕组,或第一绕组和第二绕组是带有中心抽头的一个绕组由中心抽头分出的两个绕组;在变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引线上,设置有第三组控制开关。
在一些实施方式中,双向变换单元,包括:双向BUCK-BOOST电路;其中,在双向BUCK-BOOST电路中,设置有电感、第四组控制开关和第五组控制开关;第四组控制开关的第一端和第五组控制开关的第一端连接,第四组控制开关的第二端连接至变压器的副边的绕组的同名端,第五组控制开关的第二端分别与变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端、以及变压器的副边的绕组的异名端连接;电感连接在变化单元的第一侧的第一接线端与第四组控制开关的第一端之间。
在一些实施方式中,电芯组,包括:N个单节电芯,N个单节电芯并联设置,N为自然数;N个单节电芯的正极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端子,N个单节电芯的负极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端 子;选择单元,包括:设置在每节电芯的正极引线上的第六组控制开关,以及设置在每节电芯的负极引线上的第七组控制开关;相邻两节电芯的正负极中的相邻级共用一组控制开关。
在一些实施方式中,第一组控制开关、第二组控制开关、第三组控制开关、第四组控制开关、第五组控制开关、第六组控制开关和第七组控制开关中的任一组控制开关,包括:第一开关本体、第二开关本体、第一体二极管和第二体二极管;其中,第一体二极管并联设置在第一开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间,第二体二极管并联设置在第二开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间;且在任一组控制开关中,第一体二极管的阳极和第二体二极管的阳极相对设置。
在一些实施方式中,第一开关本体、第二开关本体中任一开关本体,包括:MOS管、IGBT或继电器。
在一些实施方式中,还包括:稳压滤波单元;其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变压器的原边的一侧、设置在变压器的副边的一侧、和/或设置在变换单元的第一侧。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压;该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,还包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一 接线端和第二接线端;控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压;该第二电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
与上述装置相匹配,本公开再一方面提供一种电池系统,包括:以上所述的能量均衡控制装置。
与上述电池系统相匹配,本公开再一方面提供一种电池系统的能量均衡控制方法,包括:通过选择单元,选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯;通过变换单元,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第一能量变换过程; 该第一能量变换过程,包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理;通过变压器,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第二能量变换过程;该第二能量变换过程,包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理;其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体包括:在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压;该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,还包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压;该第二电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控 制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
在一些实施方式中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
本公开的方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,高频变压器的实现难度也相应减小。
在一些实施方式中,本公开的方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,可以减小变压器的体积、降低变压器的实现成本。
在一些实施方式中,本公开的方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,可以提高拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
由此,本公开的方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,解决电池均衡技术中变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度较大的问题,达到避免变压器的副边绕组需要随着电芯的增多而增多,使得变压器的实现难度降低的效果。
本公开的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本公开而了解。
下面通过附图和实施例,对本公开的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本公开的能量均衡控制装置的一实施例的结构示意图;
图2为一种主动均衡拓扑的结构示意图;
图3为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的主动均衡拓扑的结构示意图;
图4为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的电芯选择开关阵列的结构示意图;
图5为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的第一电芯的放电反激变换器的工作过程的原理示意图;
图6为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的第二电芯放电反激变换器工作过程的原理示意图;
图7为本公开的能量均衡控制方法的一实施例的流程示意图;
图8为本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程的一实施例的流程示意图;
图9为本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程的一实施例的流程示意图;
图10为本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程的一实施例的流程示意图;
图11为本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程的一实施例的流程示意图。
结合附图,本公开实施例中附图标记如下:
1-第一电芯;2-第二电芯。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本公开具体实施例及相应的附图对本公开技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
根据本公开的实施例,提供了一种能量均衡控制装置。参见图1所示本公开的装置的一实施例的结构示意图。该能量均衡控制装置可以包括:变压器、变换单元和选择单元,变压器的副边设置有一个绕组,变压器的绕组减少,体积减小,成本减小,间接PCB板亦会减小,控制器的体积减小,产品可以量化生产。具体地,变压器、变换单元和选择单元,可以依次连接。例如:变压器,可以是具有设定频率的变压器,如高频变压器。变换单元,可以是升压电路或降压电路。选择单元,可以是电芯选择开关阵列,电芯选择开关阵列可以设置在电芯与变换单元之间。
具体地,选择单元,设置在电芯组与变换单元的第一侧之间,可以被设置为在一个能量均衡控制过程中,选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯。例如:选择电芯组中任一电芯,并开通选择到的电芯与变换单元的第一侧之间的连接通路,以实现电芯组中任一电芯与变换单元的第一侧之间的选通或关断控制。
具体地,变换单元,可以被设置为基于选通的一路电芯,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程中的第一能量变换过程。该第一能量变换过程,可以包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理。其中,变换单元的第一侧与选择单元连通,变换单元的第二侧与变压器副边连通。
具体地,变压器,可以被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程中的第二能量变换过程。该第二能量变换过程,可以包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理。蓄电池设置在变压器的原边,变换单元的第二侧设置的变压器副边。
其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,即构成能够实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的能量均衡控制的一个能量均衡过程。
例如:高频变压器的副边为一个绕组,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而至少可以解决变压器副边绕组多的问题。在一些实施方式中,由于可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而还可以解决因为绕组多而造成变压器制作困难、成本高、体积大的问题,使得变压器的制作成本和体积大大降低、容易制作,且可实现自动化生产、效率高。在一些实施方式中,因为绕组减少,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,从而还可以解决因为变压器漏感大而造成的拓扑工作不稳定、功率效率低的问题,提高了拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
由此,通过使变压器的副边设置有一个绕组,明显减少了变压器的绕组数量,使得变压器的实现难度明显减小;而且,配合选择单元和变换单元,可以实现电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程,且可以使得电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程的控制难度减小。
在一个可选例子中,变压器的原边设置有两个绕组。变换单元,为双向变换单元。选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,可以包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体可以包括:选通的一路电芯的放电控制过程或充电控制过程的双向能量均衡的双向过程。具体地可以包括:在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
其中,设定电压和设定电压可以相同。当然,设定电压和设定电压也可以不同,如设定电压可以为一个设定电压范围的上限、设定电压可以为一个设定电压范围的下限。
例如:高频变压器原边为带有中心抽头的绕组,即原边为2个绕组、副边为一个绕组的反激变压器,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而至少可以 解决变压器副边绕组多的问题。在一些实施方式中,由于可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而还可以解决因为绕组多而造成变压器制作困难、成本高、体积大的问题,使得变压器的制作成本和体积大大降低、容易制作,且可实现自动化生产、效率高。在一些实施方式中,因为绕组减少,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,从而还可以解决因为变压器漏感大而造成的拓扑工作不稳定、功率效率低的问题,提高了拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
例如:可以是利用电动车上的24V蓄电池与电芯组中的电芯之间进行能量的交换实现主动均衡。而能量的交换或变换,是通过变压器实现的。其中,变压器的作用:一是起到隔离的作用;二是能量的变换,且为双向。即,若电芯的电压过高,则需要电芯的能量给蓄电池方向传递,即电芯放电;反之,若电芯的电压过低,或者说若蓄电池的电压过高,则需要蓄电池的能量给电芯方向传递,即电芯充电。
由此,通过使变压器的原边为两个绕组、副边设置有一个绕组,不件减小了变压器的绕组数量,使得变压器的实现难度明显减小;而且,配合选择单元和变换单元,可以实现电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个双向能量均衡控制过程,且可以使得电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个双向能量均衡控制过程的控制难度减小。
在一个可选具体例子中,在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,可以包括:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程,或选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程,具体可以参见以下任一种放电情形下的示例性说明。
第一种放电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程,具体可以如下:
一方面,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,如第一电芯1、第三电芯3等,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第一电芯1的电压过高,则需要放电均衡。控制器发出指令,使得第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管或开关管Q1、Q3和Q3、Q4同时开通,此时的第一接线端BUS1接通第一电芯1的正极,第二接线端BUS2接通第一电芯1的负极。此后,BUS(即第一接线端BUS1、第二接线端BUS2)接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路。
在一些实施方式中,控制变换单元处于升压状态,在升压过程中,控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,如开通时间T,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压。该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第一电芯1的第一接线端BUS1接通第一电芯1的正极,第二接线端BUS2接通第一电芯1的负极之后,BUS(即第一接线端BUS1、第二接线端BUS2)接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路。首先,第一电芯1放电时,BUCK-BOOST工作在BOOST模式,使得变换器的输出电压比第一电芯1的电压高。其中,变换器的输出电压为V1,即电容C2两端压降为V1,并且上正下负。升压过程:控制功率管K6和K7导通时间T,此时给电感L充电时间为T,然后断开功率管K6和K7,电感L的电感应电压为左负右正。变换器的输出电压的等于电感L电压加上第一电芯1的电压的电压,所以为升压电路。
在一些实施方式中,控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,如开通时间T1后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第一电芯1的电压经变换单元如双向BUCK-BOOST电路升压处理并输出电压V1后。升压产生的电压V1接入到双向反激变换器,首先,功率管K4和K5导通时间T1,忽略其导通压降,那么,高频变压器的副边同名端(如图2、图4、图5中黑点)为正极,另一端为负极。从同名端流入电流给副边绕组励磁,然后关断功率管K4和K5,此时副边绕组感应电压方向为上负下正,此时,原边同名端极性同为负极,另一端为正极,断开功率管K4和K5后,必须控制开关管K3和K2导通(如 可以通过使MCU发出高频的PWM波使开关管K3和K2导通),完成对蓄电池充电。最终实现第一电芯1的能量向蓄电池转移,降低第一电芯1的电压,达到均衡的目的。
第二种放电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程,具体可以如下:
另一方面,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,如第二电芯2、第四电芯4等,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第二电芯2电压过高,需要向蓄电池进行放电。MCU发出控制信号,开通开关管Q3、Q4和Q5、Q6,选中第二电芯2接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路中。
在一些实施方式中,控制变换单元处于升压状态,在升压过程中,控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,如开通时间T,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压。该第二电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第二电芯2接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路中之后,通过双向BUCK-BOOST电路进行升压处理。与第一电芯1放电不同的是,经过BUCK-BOOST电路后,产生电压V2,V2与V1的电压值相同,极性相反,即,接入变压器副边同名端为负极,另一端为正极。
在一些实施方式中,控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,如开通时间T1后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第二电芯2的电压经变换单元如双向BUCK-BOOST电路升压处理并输出电压V2后。MCU发出信号控制开关管K4和K5同时导通,此时,第二电芯2的负极与变压器的副边同名端连接,正极连接另一端,当开关管K4和K5断开时,副边绕组产生的电压为上正下负,此时必须导通开关管K1和K,使得副边的能量传递给原边,通过 调整开关管K、K1、K4、K5的PWM波占空比,第二电芯2完成对蓄电池的放电,实现均衡控制。
在一个可选具体例子中,在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,可以包括:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程,或选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程,具体可以参见以下任一种充电情形下的示例性说明。
第一种充电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程,具体可以如下:
一方面,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,如第一电芯1、第三电芯3等,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第一电芯1的电压过低,则需要充电均衡。若第一电芯1的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。开通第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4,使得第一电芯1接入至均衡电路中。
在一些实施方式中,控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过低需要充电均衡的情况下,控制第一电芯1接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第一电芯1的副边绕组的同名端为正极,所以想要给第一电芯1充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K2和K3。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K2和K3导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭开关管K2和K3,同时,开通开关管K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V1;然后,电压V1经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第一电芯1充电。
第二种充电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程,具体可以如下:
另一方面,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,如第二电芯2、第四电芯4等,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第二电芯2的电压过低,则需要充电均衡。若第二电芯2的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。开通第二电芯2两侧的选择开关如功率管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4,使得第二电芯2接入至均衡电路中。
在一些实施方式中,控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过低需要充电均衡的情况下,控制第二电芯2接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第二电芯2的副边绕组的同名端为负极,所以想要给第二电芯2充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K和K1。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K和K1导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭K和K1,同时,开通K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V2;然后,电压V2经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第二电芯2充电。
其中,上述以第一电芯1、第二电芯2充放电为例进行工作过程说明。其他电芯充放电与第一电芯1、第二电芯2工作方式一致,此处不再赘述。
由此,通过分别对第一组控制单元至第七组控制单元的不同控制,可以实现对选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数或偶数的电芯的充放电控制,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的能量均衡处理,且实现难度小、成本低。
可选地,变压器的原边设置的两个绕组,可以包括:第一绕组和第二绕组。第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端相连,第一绕组的同名端和第一绕组的异名端分别连接至蓄电池的正负极。在第一绕组的同名端引线上设置有第一组控制开关,在第二绕组的异名端引线上设置有第二组控制开关。第一组控制开关和第二组控制开关,可以被设置为控制变压器的原边的第一绕组和第二绕组的工作状态的切换。其中,第一组控制开关,如控制开关K和K1。第二组控制 开关,如控制开关K2和K3。
其中,第一绕组和第二绕组为两个独立的绕组,或第一绕组和第二绕组是带有中心抽头的一个绕组由中心抽头分出的两个绕组;例如:高频变压器的原边为一个绕组、并带有中心抽头,也可以是两个独立的绕组。
例如:在高频变压器的原边接有功率开关管,不仅实现能量的变换,而且可以被设置为控制蓄电池正负极性的选择切换。也就是说,在本公开的方案中,在电芯充放电方面,反激变压器原边进行绕组切换,由于母线的电压极性不定,所以通过反激变压器的原边绕组切换,实现与蓄电池的充放电,变压器设计简单。
在变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引线上,设置有第三组控制开关。其中,第三组控制开关,如控制开关K4和K5。
例如:高频变压器原边为带有中心抽头的绕组,即原边为2个绕组、副边为一个绕组的反激变压器。在变压器的原边绕组上设置有控制开关,可以通过开通或关断,实现能量的双向流动。如:控制开关K、K1、K2、K3、K4、K5等可以均为功率MOSFET管,也可采用IGBT等功率开关管替代,通过控制其开通或关断,可以实现能量的双向流动。
其中,功率开关管K4和K5同时动作,功率开关管K2和K3同时动作,即功率开关管K4和K5同开同关,功率开关管K2和K3同开同关。但是,功率开关管K4、K5和功率开关管K2、K3不能同时开通,否则电路不能正常工作。
由此,通过在变压器的原边的两个绕组上分别设置第一组控制开关和第二组控制开关,并在变压器的副边的一个绕组上设置第三控制开关,可以控制实现工作状态的切换,进而实现双向控制,使得选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间可以实现双向能量均衡控制,且双向控制中工作状态的切换更加方便、可靠。
可选地,双向变换单元,可以包括:双向BUCK-BOOST电路。例如:变换单元,可以是双向BUCK-BOOST电路,双向BUCK-BOOST电路可以设置在变压器的副边的后端。在高频变压器副边的后端增加了双向BUCK-BOOST电路,能够电芯实现恒流充放电。
其中,在双向BUCK-BOOST电路中,设置有电感、第四组控制开关和第五组控制开关。第四组控制开关的第一端和第五组控制开关的第一端连接,第四 组控制开关的第二端连接至变压器的副边的绕组的同名端,第五组控制开关的第二端分别与变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端、以及变压器的副边的绕组的异名端连接。电感连接在变化单元的第一侧的第一接线端与第四组控制开关的第一端之间。
具体地,在双向BUCK-BOOST电路中,设置有电感(如电感L)、第四组控制开关(如控制开关K6和K7)和第五组控制开关(如控制开关K8和K9)。K6、K7、K8、K9均为功率MOSFET管,也可采用IGBT等功率开关管替代,通过控制其开通或关断,可以实现能量的双向流动。第四组控制开关的第一端和第五组控制开关的第一端连接,第四组控制开关的第二端连接至变压器的副边的绕组的同名端,第五组控制开关的第二端分别与变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端、以及变压器的副边的绕组的异名端连接。电感连接在变化单元的第一侧的第一接线端与第四组控制开关的第一端之间。双向BUCK-BOOST电路中的电感L为储能元件,在开关管开通与关断的时候,实现BUCK-BOOST功率变换。
例如:高频变压器原边为带有中心抽头的绕组,即原边为2个绕组、副边为一个绕组的反激变压器。并且,在高频变压器的原边接有功率开关管,不仅实现能量的变换,而且可以被设置为控制蓄电池正负极性的选择切换,使高频变压器形成双向反激变换器如双向反激DC/DC。利用双向反激变换器实现能量的双向传输实现均衡,而且在双向反激变换器后增加双向半桥式BUCK-BOOST电路,实现电芯恒流充放电。也就是说,拓扑中加入BUCK-BOOST电路,实现恒流控制,使得电芯的均衡电流为恒定值,延长了电芯寿命。从而,还能够实现恒流控制,延长电芯寿命。
由此,通过采样双向BUCK-BOOST电路,可以实现恒流控制,使得电芯的均衡电流为恒定值,有利于延长电芯的使用寿命。
在一个可选例子中,电芯组,可以包括:N个单节电芯,N个单节电芯并联设置,N为自然数。N个单节电芯的正极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端子,N个单节电芯的负极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端子。
具体地,选择单元,可以包括:分别设置在每节电芯的正负极引线上的第六组控制开关和第七组控制开关,即,设置在每节电芯的正极引线上的第六组 控制开关,以及设置在每节电芯的负极引线上的第七组控制开关。相邻两节电芯的正负极中的相邻级共用一组控制开关。
其中,选择单元,设置在电芯组与变换单元的第一侧之间。电芯组中,一个以上电芯支路并联设置。每个电芯支路中,设置有一个单节电芯,在该电芯的正负极引线上,还分别设置有一组控制开关。在电芯组中,每节电芯的正极引线均连接至第一接线端如BUS1端,每节电芯的负极引线均连接至第二接线端如BUS2端。
例如:设置在电芯组中第一节电芯如第一电芯1的正负极引线上的第六组控制开关可以如控制开关Q1和Q2、第七组控制开关可以如控制开关Q3和Q4,设置在电芯组中第二节电芯如第二电芯2的正负极引线上的第六组控制开关可以如控制开关Q3和Q4、第七组控制开关可以如控制开关Q5和Q6,设置在电芯组中第三节电芯如第三电芯3的正负极引线上的第六组控制开关可以如控制开关Q5和Q6、第七组控制开关可以如与控制开关Q5和Q6相似的其它控制开关。如:控制开关如功率开关管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4等,均为电芯选择开关。例如:第一电芯1两侧的功率开关管Q1、Q2和功率开关管Q3、Q4,第二电芯2两侧的功率开关管Q3、Q4和功率开关管Q5和Q6,等等。
其中,若第一电芯1两侧的功率开关管Q1、Q2和功率开关管Q3、Q4同时开通,由于第一电芯1的正负极与BUS1、BUS2接通,那么,此时,第一电芯1被选中,接入到主动均衡的电路中。当然,若第二电芯2两侧的功率开关管Q3、Q4和功率开关管Q5和Q6同时开通,则第二电芯2被选中,由于第二电芯2的正负极也与BUS1、BUS2接通,那么,此时,第二电芯2被选中,接入到主动均衡的电路中。以此类推,每个电芯可以通过其两侧的功率开关的开通或关断确定其是否被选中而接入到主动均衡的电路中。
例如:可以通过选择开关阵列以选择电芯,然后将其连接至母线,而母线电压极性不定,可能为负,可能为正,根据选择的电芯位置变化,通过反激变换器与车上蓄电池进行能量变换。通过选择开关阵列以选择电芯,无论多少节电芯的均衡,都只需一个高频变压器即可实现,大大降低了成本。从而,还可以解决一个高频变压器无法完成所有电芯均衡的问题。
由此,通过选择单元,可以选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡处理的一路电 芯后将其连接至变换单元,从而可以使变压器的副边仅设置一个绕组的情况下对电芯组中任一电芯的能量均衡处理,大大降低了对电芯组进行能量均衡处理的难度和成本。
可选地,第一组控制开关、第二组控制开关、第三组控制开关、第四组控制开关、第五组控制开关、第六组控制开关和第七组控制开关中的任一组控制开关,可以包括:第一开关本体、第二开关本体、第一体二极管和第二体二极管。
其中,第一体二极管并联设置在第一开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间,第二体二极管并联设置在第二开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间;且在任一组控制开关中,第一体二极管的阳极和第二体二极管的阳极相对设置。
例如:因为是双向能量流动,并且由于MOSFET寄生体二极管(即MOSFET设置有寄生体二极管),若用一个MOSFET会出现能量从体二极管自动流动的过程,是不可控的。所以,每个电芯的两侧中任一侧的功率开关,均采用两个功率MOSFET串联,解决了MOSFET寄生体二极管带来的能量从体二极管流动的不可控性的影响。
由此,通过在任一组控制开关中设置两个开关本体,并对两个开关本体分别并联一对方向相反的体二极管,可以避免双向能量控制中能量不可控的问题,实现双向能量控制的可靠性和安全性。
更可选地,第一开关本体、第二开关本体中任一开关本体,可以包括:MOS管、IGBT或继电器。
例如:K、K1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6、K7、K8、K9均为功率MOSFET管,也可采用IGBT等功率开关管替代。又如如:电芯选择开关,可用MOSFET、IGBT、继电器等开关。
由此,通过多种形式的开关,可以使得任一组控制开关的设置更加灵活和方便,也可以适用于多种需求的控制场合。
在一个可选实施方式中,还可以包括:稳压滤波单元。其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变压器的原边的一侧、设置在变压器的副边的一侧、和/或设置在变换单元的第一侧。
例如:一个以上的稳压滤波单元,可以包括:电容C1、电容C2、和/或电容C3。
由此,通过稳压滤波单元对其所设置处电压的稳压和滤波处理,有利于提升电压的稳定性和可靠性。
经大量的试验验证,采用本公开的技术方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,高频变压器的实现难度也相应减小。
根据本公开的实施例,还提供了对应于能量均衡控制装置的一种电池系统。该电池系统可以包括:以上所述的能量均衡控制装置。
由于电池是由多个单节电芯串并联组成,所以电池的寿命与每节电芯有着密切的关系。随着电池的长时间运行,电池中多个单节电芯的不一致性问题日益严重,久而久之,整个电池如动力电池的寿命将会大大减少。然而,解决电池中多个单节电芯的不一致性问题最好的方法是寻找新材料,制造耐久性更久、一致性更好的材料。但是材料革新是非常困难的。因此,需增加措施提高电芯的一致性,均衡技术油然而生。
均衡技术分为主动均衡与被动均衡,被动均衡是补充高电压电芯的电池消耗能量,从而降低电压;但是电压低的电芯无法实现补充,可见被动均衡的局限性大、效率低。而主动均衡不仅能够实现高低电压电芯的均衡,功率损耗更低,效率高。因此,主动均衡技术能够很好地解决电池中多个单节电芯的不一致性问题,增加电池的寿命。如双向反激变换器可以作为解决主动均衡的一种电路拓扑。
由于主动均衡是给多电芯均衡且每次均衡时需要选择电芯,此时就需要选择开关、选择需要均衡的电芯,并搭配DC/DC高频变压器实现能量的变换。
图2为一种主动均衡拓扑的结构示意图。
如图2所示的一种主动均衡拓扑结构,显而易见,此拓扑结构变压器的原边为一个绕组,副边有N个绕组,若电芯增多,则高频变压器的副边绕组亦会增多。其中,N代表电芯的个数,为自然数,如第一电芯1、第二电芯2、……、 第N-1电芯N-1、第N电芯N等。
图2中,第一电芯1、第二电芯2、……、第N-1电芯N-1、第N电芯N是动力电池包(PACK)中的单个电芯,均衡是针对这些电芯设计的,Q1和Q2等功率开关管可以被设置为选择需要均衡的电芯。高频变压器的原边为一个绕组,与之相对应的副边为多个绕组。副边的电芯电压低,则利用蓄电池给其充电;反之,电芯给蓄电池充电。
在一个可选实施方式中,至少为了解决变压器副边绕组多的问题,如随着电芯增多高频变压器的副边绕组增多的问题,本公开的方案,提供了一种BMS主动均衡拓扑,即为了使主动均衡DC/DC高频变压器结构更加地简单,设计一种主动均衡拓扑结构。
具体地,本公开的方案中设计的一种新的主动均衡拓扑,该拓扑的高频变压器原边为带有中心抽头的绕组,即原边为2个绕组、副边为一个绕组的反激变压器,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而至少可以解决变压器副边绕组多的问题。
其中,由于可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而还可以解决因为绕组多而造成变压器制作困难、成本高、体积大的问题,使得变压器的制作成本和体积大大降低、容易制作,且可实现自动化生产、效率高。
另外,因为绕组减少,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,从而还可以解决因为变压器漏感大而造成的拓扑工作不稳定、功率效率低的问题,提高了拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
在一些实施方式中,在本公开的方案中,可以通过选择开关阵列以选择电芯,然后将其连接至母线,而母线电压极性不定,可能为负,可能为正,根据选择的电芯位置变化,通过反激变换器与车上蓄电池进行能量变换。通过选择开关阵列以选择电芯,无论多少节电芯的均衡,都只需一个高频变压器即可实现,大大降低了成本。从而,还可以解决一个高频变压器无法完成所有电芯均衡的问题。
在一些实施方式中,在本公开的方案中,在高频变压器的原边接有功率开关管,不仅实现能量的变换,而且可以被设置为控制蓄电池正负极性的选择切换。也就是说,在本公开的方案中,在电芯充放电方面,反激变压器原边进行 绕组切换,由于母线的电压极性不定,所以通过反激变压器的原边绕组切换,实现与蓄电池的充放电,变压器设计简单。
在一些实施方式中,在本公开的方案中,不仅利用双向反激变换器实现能量的双向传输实现均衡,而且在双向反激变换器后增加双向半桥式BUCK-BOOST电路,实现电芯恒流充放电。也就是说,拓扑中加入BUCK-BOOST电路,实现恒流控制,使得电芯的均衡电流为恒定值,延长了电芯寿命。从而,还能够实现恒流控制,延长电芯寿命。
图3为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的主动均衡拓扑的结构示意图。
图3中,K、K1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6、K7、K8、K9均为功率MOSFET管,也可采用IGBT等功率开关管替代,通过控制其开通或关断,可以实现能量的双向流动。电感L为储能元件,在开关管开通与关断的时候,实现BUCK-BOOST功率变换。高频变压器的原边为一个绕组、并带有中心抽头,也可以是两个独立的绕组。与图2相比,图3中的变压器的绕组减少,体积减小,成本减小,间接PCB板亦会减小,控制器的体积减小,产品可以量化生产;并且,图3中,在高频变压器副边的后端增加了双向BUCK-BOOST电路,能够电芯实现恒流充放电。
其中,BUCK-BOOST功率变换电路,即和降压升压电路。BUCK电路指输出电压低于输入电压电压的单管不隔离直流变换。BOOST指输出电压高于输入电压的单管不隔离直流变换。
图4为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的电芯选择开关阵列的结构示意图。
在图4中,功率开关管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4等,均为电芯选择开关。例如:第一电芯1两侧的功率开关管Q1、Q2和功率开关管Q3、Q4,第二电芯2两侧的功率开关管Q3、Q4和功率开关管Q5和Q6,等等。
在一些实施方式中,电芯选择开关,可用MOSFET、IGBT、继电器等开关。
在一些实施方式中,若第一电芯1两侧的功率开关管Q1、Q2和功率开关管Q3、Q4同时开通,由于第一电芯1的正负极与BUS1、BUS2接通,那么,此时,第一电芯1被选中,接入到主动均衡的电路中。当然,若第二电芯2两侧的功率开关管Q3、Q4和功率开关管Q5和Q6同时开通,则第二电芯2被选中,由于第二电芯2的正负极也与BUS1、BUS2接通,那么,此时,第二电芯2被 选中,接入到主动均衡的电路中。以此类推,每个电芯可以通过其两侧的功率开关的开通或关断确定其是否被选中而接入到主动均衡的电路中。
其中,因为是双向能量流动,并且由于MOSFET寄生体二极管(即MOSFET设置有寄生体二极管),若用一个MOSFET会出现能量从体二极管自动流动的过程,是不可控的。所以,每个电芯的两侧中任一侧的功率开关,均采用两个功率MOSFET串联,解决了MOSFET寄生体二极管带来的能量从体二极管流动的不可控性的影响。
图5为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的第一电芯1的放电反激变换器的工作过程的原理示意图。图6为本公开的电池系统的一实施例的第二电芯2放电反激变换器工作过程的原理示意图。
在图5和图6中,虚线部分代表功率开关管动作,实线部分代表功率开关管不动作,其中,功率开关管不动作即功率开关管一直处于断开状态。
其中,功率开关管K4和K5同时动作,功率开关管K2和K3同时动作,即功率开关管K4和K5同开同关,功率开关管K2和K3同开同关。但是,功率开关管K4、K5和功率开关管K2、K3不能同时开通,否则电路不能正常工作。
可见,本公开的方案,可以是利用电动车上的24V蓄电池与电芯组中的电芯之间进行能量的交换实现主动均衡。而能量的交换或变换,是通过变压器实现的。其中,变压器的作用:一是起到隔离的作用;二是能量的变换,且为双向。即,若电芯的电压过高,则需要电芯的能量给蓄电池方向传递,即电芯放电;反之,若电芯的电压过低,或者说若蓄电池的电压过高,则需要蓄电池的能量给电芯方向传递,即电芯充电。
具体地,参见图3至图6所示的例子,本公开的方案中,蓄电池与电芯之间能量双向变换的实现过程,可以参见以下示例性说明。
在一个可选具体例子中,若第一电芯1的电压过高,则需要放电均衡。
控制器发出指令,使得第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管或开关管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4同时开通,此时的第一接线端BUS1接通第一电芯1的正极,第二接线端BUS2接通第一电芯1的负极。
此后,BUS(即第一接线端BUS1、第二接线端BUS2)接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路。首先,第一电芯1放电时,BUCK-BOOST工作在BOOST模式,使得变换器 的输出电压比第一电芯1的电压高。其中,变换器的输出电压为V1,即电容C2两端压降为V1,并且上正下负。
升压过程:控制功率管K6和K7导通时间T,此时给电感L充电时间为T,然后断开功率管K6和K7,电感L的电感应电压为左负右正。变换器的输出电压的等于电感L电压加上第一电芯1的电压的电压,所以为升压电路。
升压产生的电压接入到双向反激变换器,首先,功率管K4和K5导通时间T1,忽略其导通压降,那么,高频变压器的副边同名端(如图3、图5、图6中黑点)为正极,另一端为负极。从同名端流入电流给副边绕组励磁,然后关断功率管K4和K5,此时副边绕组感应电压方向为上负下正,此时,原边同名端极性同为负极,另一端为正极,断开功率管K4和K5后,必须控制开关管K3和K2导通(如可以通过使MCU发出高频的PWM波使开关管K3和K2导通),完成对蓄电池充电。最终实现第一电芯1的能量向蓄电池转移,降低第一电芯1的电压,达到均衡的目的。
在一些实施方式中,若第一电芯1的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。
首先,开通第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4,使得第一电芯1接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第一电芯1的副边绕组的同名端为正极,所以想要给第一电芯1充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K2和K3。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K2和K3导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭开关管K2和K3,同时,开通开关管K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V1;然后,电压V1经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第一电芯1充电。
在一个可选具体例子中,若第二电芯2电压过高,需要向蓄电池进行放电。如图4所示,MCU发出控制信号,开通开关管Q3、Q4和Q5、Q6,选中第二电芯2接入电路中。与第一电芯1放电不同的是,经过BUCK-BOOST电路后,产生电压V2,V2与V1的电压值相同,极性相反,即,接入变压器副边同名端为负极,另一端为正极。MCU发出信号控制开关管K4和K5同时导通,此时,第二电芯2的负极与变压器的副边同名端连接,正极连接另一端,当开关管K4和K5断开时,副边绕组产生的电压为上正下负,此时必须导通开关管K1和K,使得副边的能量传递给原边,通过调整开关管K、K1、K4、K5的PWM波占空比, 第二电芯2完成对蓄电池的放电,实现均衡控制。
在一些实施方式中,若第二电芯2的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。首先,开通电芯选择开关Q3、Q4和Q5、Q6,使得电芯接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第二电芯2的副边绕组的同名端为负极,所以想要给第二电芯2充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K和K1。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K和K1导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭K和K1,同时,开通K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V2;然后,电压V2经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第二电芯2充电。
上述以第一电芯1、第二电芯2充放电为例进行工作过程说明。其他电芯充放电与第一电芯1、第二电芯2工作方式一致,此处不再赘述。
由于本实施例的电池系统所实现的处理及功能基本相应于前述图1所示的装置的实施例、原理和实例,故本实施例的描述中未详尽之处,可以参见前述实施例中的相关说明,在此不做赘述。
经大量的试验验证,采用本公开的技术方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,可以减小变压器的体积、降低变压器的实现成本。
根据本公开的实施例,还提供了对应于电池系统的一种电池系统的能量均衡控制方法,如图7所示本公开的方法的一实施例的流程示意图。该电池系统的能量均衡控制方法可以包括:步骤S110至步骤S130。
在步骤S110处,通过选择单元,在一个能量均衡控制过程中,选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯。例如:选择电芯组中任一电芯,并开通选择到的电芯与变换单元的第一侧之间的连接通路,以实现电芯组中任一电芯与变换单元的第一侧之间的选通或关断控制。
在步骤S120处,通过变换单元,基于选通的一路电芯,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程中的第一能量变换过程。该第一能量变换过程,可以包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理。其中,变换单元的第一侧与选择单元连通,变换单元的第二侧与变压器副边连通。
在步骤S130处,通过变压器,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程中的第二能量变换过程。该第二能量变换过程,可以包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理。蓄电池设置在变压器的原边,变换单元的第二侧设置的变压器副边。
其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,即构成能够实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的能量均衡控制的一个能量均衡过程。
例如:高频变压器的副边为一个绕组,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而至少可以解决变压器副边绕组多的问题。在一些实施方式中,由于可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而还可以解决因为绕组多而造成变压器制作困难、成本高、体积大的问题,使得变压器的制作成本和体积大大降低、容易制作,且可实现自动化生产、效率高。在一些实施方式中,因为绕组减少,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,从而还可以解决因为变压器漏感大而造成的拓扑工作不稳定、功率效率低的问题,提高了拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
由此,通过使变压器的副边设置有一个绕组,明显减少了变压器的绕组数量,使得变压器的实现难度明显减小;而且,配合选择单元和变换单元,可以实现电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程,且可以使得电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡控制过程的控制难度减小。
其中,选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,可以包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体可以包括:选通的一路电芯的放电控制过程或充电控制过程的双向能量均衡的双向过程。具体地可以包括:在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
其中,设定电压和设定电压可以相同。当然,设定电压和设定电压也可以 不同,如设定电压可以为一个设定电压范围的上限、设定电压可以为一个设定电压范围的下限。
例如:高频变压器原边为带有中心抽头的绕组,即原边为2个绕组、副边为一个绕组的反激变压器,可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而至少可以解决变压器副边绕组多的问题。在一些实施方式中,由于可以使高频变压器的绕组明显减少,从而还可以解决因为绕组多而造成变压器制作困难、成本高、体积大的问题,使得变压器的制作成本和体积大大降低、容易制作,且可实现自动化生产、效率高。在一些实施方式中,因为绕组减少,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,从而还可以解决因为变压器漏感大而造成的拓扑工作不稳定、功率效率低的问题,提高了拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
例如:可以是利用电动车上的24V蓄电池与电芯组中的电芯之间进行能量的交换实现主动均衡。而能量的交换或变换,是通过变压器实现的。其中,变压器的作用:一是起到隔离的作用;二是能量的变换,且为双向。即,若电芯的电压过高,则需要电芯的能量给蓄电池方向传递,即电芯放电;反之,若电芯的电压过低,或者说若蓄电池的电压过高,则需要蓄电池的能量给电芯方向传递,即电芯充电。
由此,通过使变压器的原边为两个绕组、副边设置有一个绕组,不件减小了变压器的绕组数量,使得变压器的实现难度明显减小;而且,配合选择单元和变换单元,可以实现电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个双向能量均衡控制过程,且可以使得电芯组中选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个双向能量均衡控制过程的控制难度减小。
在一些实施方式中,在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,可以包括:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程,或选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程,具体可以参见以下任一种放电情形下的示例性说明。
第一种放电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程。
下面结合图8所示本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程的一实施例流程示意图,进一步说明选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第一放电过程的具体过程,可以包括:步骤S210至步骤S230。
步骤S210,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,如第一电芯1、第三电芯3等,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第一电芯1的电压过高,则需要放电均衡。控制器发出指令,使得第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管或开关管Q1、Q3和Q3、Q4同时开通,此时的第一接线端BUS1接通第一电芯1的正极,第二接线端BUS2接通第一电芯1的负极。此后,BUS(即第一接线端BUS1、第二接线端BUS2)接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路。
步骤S220,控制变换单元处于升压状态,在升压过程中,控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,如开通时间T,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压。该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第一电芯1的第一接线端BUS1接通第一电芯1的正极,第二接线端BUS2接通第一电芯1的负极之后,BUS(即第一接线端BUS1、第二接线端BUS2)接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路。首先,第一电芯1放电时,BUCK-BOOST工作在BOOST模式,使得变换器的输出电压比第一电芯1的电压高。其中,变换器的输出电压为V1,即电容C2两端压降为V1,并且上正下负。升压过程:控制功率管K6和K7导通时间T,此时给电感L充电时间为T,然后断开功率管K6和K7,电感L的电感应电压为左负右正。变换器的输出电压的等于电感L电压加上第一电芯1的电压的电压,所以为升压电路。
步骤S230,控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,如开通时间T1后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的 第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第一电芯1的电压经变换单元如双向BUCK-BOOST电路升压处理并输出电压V1后。升压产生的电压V1接入到双向反激变换器,首先,功率管K4和K5导通时间T1,忽略其导通压降,那么,高频变压器的副边同名端(如图2、图4、图5中黑点)为正极,另一端为负极。从同名端流入电流给副边绕组励磁,然后关断功率管K4和K5,此时副边绕组感应电压方向为上负下正,此时,原边同名端极性同为负极,另一端为正极,断开功率管K4和K5后,必须控制开关管K3和K2导通(如可以通过使MCU发出高频的PWM波使开关管K3和K2导通),完成对蓄电池充电。最终实现第一电芯1的能量向蓄电池转移,降低第一电芯1的电压,达到均衡的目的。
第二种放电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程。
下面结合图9所示本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程的一实施例流程示意图,进一步说明选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池放电的第二放电过程的具体过程,可以包括:步骤S310至步骤S330。
步骤S310,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,如第二电芯2、第四电芯4等,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第二电芯2电压过高,需要向蓄电池进行放电。MCU发出控制信号,开通开关管Q3、Q4和Q5、Q6,选中第二电芯2接入到双向BUCK-BOOST电路中。
步骤S320,控制变换单元处于升压状态,在升压过程中,控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,如开通时间T,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压。该第二电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第二电芯2接入 到双向BUCK-BOOST电路中之后,通过双向BUCK-BOOST电路进行升压处理。与第一电芯1放电不同的是,经过BUCK-BOOST电路后,产生电压V2,V2与V1的电压值相同,极性相反,即,接入变压器副边同名端为负极,另一端为正极。
步骤S330,控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,如开通时间T1后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过高需要放电均衡的情况下,第二电芯2的电压经变换单元如双向BUCK-BOOST电路升压处理并输出电压V2后。MCU发出信号控制开关管K4和K5同时导通,此时,第二电芯2的负极与变压器的副边同名端连接,正极连接另一端,当开关管K4和K5断开时,副边绕组产生的电压为上正下负,此时必须导通开关管K1和K,使得副边的能量传递给原边,通过调整开关管K、K1、K4、K5的PWM波占空比,第二电芯2完成对蓄电池的放电,实现均衡控制。
在一些实施方式中,在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,可以包括:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程,或选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程,具体可以参见以下任一种充电情形下的示例性说明。
第一种充电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程。
下面结合图10所示本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程的一实施例流程示意图,进一步说明选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第一充电过程的具体过程,可以包括:步骤S410和步骤S420。
步骤S410,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,如第一电芯1、第三电芯3等,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第一电芯1的电压过低,则需要充电均衡。若第一电芯1的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。开通第一电芯1两侧的选择开关如功率管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4,使得第一电芯1接入至均衡电路中。
步骤S420,控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
例如:在第一电芯1的电压过低需要充电均衡的情况下,控制第一电芯1接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第一电芯1的副边绕组的同名端为正极,所以想要给第一电芯1充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K2和K3。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K2和K3导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭开关管K2和K3,同时,开通开关管K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V1;然后,电压V1经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第一电芯1充电。
第二种充电情形:选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程。
下面结合图11所示本公开的方法中选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程的一实施例流程示意图,进一步说明选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯向蓄电池充电的第二充电过程的具体过程,可以包括:步骤S510和步骤S520。
步骤S510,若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,如第二电芯2、第四电芯4等,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端。
例如:若第二电芯2的电压过低,则需要充电均衡。若第二电芯2的电压过低,则需要蓄电池给其充电。开通第二电芯2两侧的选择开关如功率管Q1、Q2和Q3、Q4,使得第二电芯2接入至均衡电路中。
步骤S520,控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第 三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
例如:在第二电芯2的电压过低需要充电均衡的情况下,控制第二电芯2接入至均衡电路中。因为连接第二电芯2的副边绕组的同名端为负极,所以想要给第二电芯2充电,则需要闭合原边的开关管K和K1。MCU发出高电平控制开关管K和K1导通,此时给原边绕组进行励磁,导通一段时间后,关闭K和K1,同时,开通K4和K5。通过调整PWM的占空比,输出稳定的电压V2;然后,电压V2经过BUCK-BOOST电路,最终输出较稳定的电流,实现给第二电芯2充电。
其中,上述以第一电芯1、第二电芯2充放电为例进行工作过程说明。其他电芯充放电与第一电芯1、第二电芯2工作方式一致,此处不再赘述。
由此,通过分别对第一组控制单元至第七组控制单元的不同控制,可以实现对选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数或偶数的电芯的充放电控制,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的能量均衡处理,且实现难度小、成本低。
由于本实施例的方法所实现的处理及功能基本相应于前述电池系统的实施例、原理和实例,故本实施例的描述中未详尽之处,可以参见前述实施例中的相关说明,在此不做赘述。
经大量的试验验证,采用本实施例的技术方案,通过使高频变压器的原边为两个绕组、并使高频变压器的副边为一个绕组的反激变换器,以减小高频变压器的副边的绕组数量,有利于增强绕组之间的磁耦合,使得漏感大大降低,可以提高拓扑工作的稳定性和可靠性,并使得功率变换效率大大提高。
综上,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,在不冲突的前提下,上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上所述仅为本公开的实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种能量均衡控制装置,包括:变压器、变换单元和选择单元,变压器的副边设置有一个绕组;其中,
    选择单元,被设置为选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯;
    变换单元,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第一能量变换过程;该第一能量变换过程,包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理;
    变压器,被设置为实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第二能量变换过程;该第二能量变换过程,包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理;
    其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,变压器的原边设置有两个绕组;
    变换单元,为双向变换单元;
    选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体包括:
    在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;
    在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,变压器的原边设置的两个绕组,包括:第一绕组和第二绕组;第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端相连,第一绕组的同名端和第一绕组的异名端分别连接至蓄电池的正负极;在第一绕组的同名端引线上设置有第一组控制开关,在第二绕组的异名端引线上设置有第二组控制开关;第一组控制开关和第二组控制开关,被设置为控制变压器的原边的第一绕组和第二绕组的工作状态的切换;
    其中,第一绕组和第二绕组为两个独立的绕组,或第一绕组和第二绕组是带有中心抽头的一个绕组由中心抽头分出的两个绕组;
    在变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引线上,设置有第三组控制开关。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,双向变换单元,包括:双向BUCK-BOOST电路;
    其中,在双向BUCK-BOOST电路中,设置有电感、第四组控制开关和第五组控制开关;第四组控制开关的第一端和第五组控制开关的第一端连接,第四组控制开关的第二端连接至变压器的副边的绕组的同名端,第五组控制开关的第二端分别与变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端、以及变压器的副边的绕组的异名端连接;电感连接在变化单元的第一侧的第一接线端与第四组控制开关的第一端之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,电芯组,包括:N个单节电芯,N个单节电芯并联设置,N为自然数;N个单节电芯的正极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端子,N个单节电芯的负极引线均连接至变换单元的第一侧的第二接线端子;
    选择单元,包括:设置在每节电芯的正极引线上的第六组控制开关,以及设置在每节电芯的负极引线上的第七组控制开关;相邻两节电芯的正负极中的相邻级共用一组控制开关。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,第一组控制开关、第二组控制开关、第三组控制开关、第四组控制开关、第五组控制开关、第六组控制开关和第七组控制开关中的任一组控制开关,包括:第一开关本体、第二开关本体、第一体二极管和第二体二极管;其中,
    第一体二极管并联设置在第一开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间,第二体二极管并联设置在第二开关本体的第一控制端和第二控制端之间;且在任一组控制开关中,第一体二极管的阳极和第二体二极管的阳极相对设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,第一开关本体、第二开关本体中任一开关本体,包括:MOS管、IGBT或继电器。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,还包括:稳压滤波单元;其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变压器的原边的一侧、设置在变压器的副边的一侧和设置在变换单元的第一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,还包括:稳压滤波单元;其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变压器的原边的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,还包括:稳压滤波单元;其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变压器的副边的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,还包括:稳压滤波单元;其中,稳压滤波单元的数量为一个以上,一个以上的稳压滤波单元,设置在变换单元的第一侧。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压;该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;
    控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,还包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压;该第二电压, 为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;
    控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的能量均衡控制装置,其中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
  16. 一种电池系统,,包括:如权利要求1-15任一所述的能量均衡控制装置。
  17. 一种如权利要求16所述的电池系统的能量均衡控制方法,,包括:
    通过选择单元,选通电芯组中需要进行能量均衡控制的一路电芯;
    通过变换单元,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第一能量变换过程; 该第一能量变换过程,包括:设置在变换单元的第一侧的所述一路电芯,与变换单元的第二侧之间的第一能量变换处理;
    通过变压器,实现选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的第二能量变换过程;该第二能量变换过程,包括:设置在变压器的副边的变换单元的第二侧,与设置在变压器的原边的蓄电池之间的第二能量变换处理;
    其中,第一能量变换过程和第二能量变换过程,构成选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的能量均衡控制方法,其中,选通的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的一个能量均衡过程,包括:选用的一路电芯与蓄电池之间的双向能量均衡过程,该双向能量均衡过程,具体包括:
    在选通的一路电芯的电压高于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程;
    在选通的一路电芯的电压低于设定电压的情况下,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的能量均衡控制方法,其中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到放电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上正下负的第一电压;该第一电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;
    控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第二绕组处蓄电池的充电。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的能量均衡控制方法,其中,选通的一路电芯向蓄电池充电从而实现放电的放电过程,还包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到放电指 令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变换单元中的第四组控制开关开通设定时长,以给变换单元中的电感充电,使变换单元实现升压处理后,输出上负下正的第二电压;该第二电压,为该电芯的电压与变换单元中电感的电压之和;
    控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,再控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通,以实现该电芯对变压器的原边的第一绕组处蓄电池的充电。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的能量均衡控制方法,其中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为奇数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变压器的原边的第二绕组的异名端引出线上的第二组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第三电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的能量均衡控制方法,其中,选通的一路电芯自蓄电池充电从而实现充电的充电过程,包括:
    若选通的一路电芯是电芯组中排列顺序为偶数的电芯,则在接收到充电指令的情况下,控制该电芯的正负极引线上的第五组控制开关和第六组控制开关同时开通,以使该电芯的正负极分别连接至变换单元的第一侧的第一接线端和第二接线端;
    控制变压器的原边的第一绕组的同名端引出线上的第一组控制开关开通设定时长后关断,并控制变压器的副边的绕组的同名端引出线上的第三组控制开关开通,以使变压器的副边的绕组输出第四电压,再经变换单元的降压处理后向该电芯充电。
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