WO2021142683A1 - 复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统 - Google Patents

复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统 Download PDF

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WO2021142683A1
WO2021142683A1 PCT/CN2020/072343 CN2020072343W WO2021142683A1 WO 2021142683 A1 WO2021142683 A1 WO 2021142683A1 CN 2020072343 W CN2020072343 W CN 2020072343W WO 2021142683 A1 WO2021142683 A1 WO 2021142683A1
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Prior art keywords
test
model
pressure
water
lining
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PCT/CN2020/072343
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张强勇
张振杰
向文
段抗
焦玉勇
丁炎志
薛天恩
王斌
李帆
程磊
林韩祥
郭鑫
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山东大学
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Priority to AU2020277201A priority Critical patent/AU2020277201B1/en
Publication of WO2021142683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021142683A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/002—Thermal testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a true three-dimensional model test system used in the fields of hydropower, transportation, energy and mining engineering for simulating the surrounding rock stability and support control of a large buried deep tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions.
  • geomechanical model tests have become deep research due to their vivid, intuitive and real characteristics.
  • Geomechanical models for the stability and support of the surrounding rock of deep caverns under the coupled action of high ground stress and high permeability pressure should be developed. To test, it is necessary to have a corresponding geomechanical model test system.
  • the current research status of the model test system is as follows:
  • Model tests are mostly based on plane and quasi-three-dimensional loading, which cannot simulate the true three-dimensional loading process of high ground stress under multi-field coupling;
  • the model test has technical problems such as high pressure water difficult to seal and high ground temperature difficult to apply;
  • Model test caverns are mostly manual excavation, and it is difficult to implement intelligent excavation and lining support for model caverns of different shapes and sizes.
  • the present invention develops a true three-dimensional model test system that can simulate the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of a large buried deep tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions.
  • a true three-dimensional model test system for the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of a large buried deep tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions is mainly composed of a high-pressure water-tight model test chamber, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system, a high ground temperature control system, and a high permeability It is composed of hydraulic loading system, micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, dobby lining system and self-sealing high-precision testing system.
  • the high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin is used to accommodate the test model body and the high-pressure water body; a high-pressure water body space is formed between the test model body and the inner wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin;
  • the built-in high-hydraulic servo loading system is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber to provide high ground stress for the test model body;
  • the high ground temperature control system applies high ground temperature to the test model body
  • the high-permeability hydraulic pressure loading system is used to load the test model body with high-permeability hydraulic pressure in all directions;
  • the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system can intelligently excavate model caverns of different shapes and sizes
  • the dobby lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after the excavation of the model cavern;
  • the self-sealing high-precision test system is used to test the displacement, stress, seepage pressure and other multi-physical information of any part inside the model test body.
  • the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is a sealed space for accommodating the test model body and the high-pressure water body, and is assembled by six steel high-strength reaction plates.
  • Four steel high-strength reaction plates are precisely welded to form a ring-shaped cubic cylinder structure, and the upper and lower steel high-strength reaction plates are sealed to the ring-shaped cubic cylinder structure by high-strength bolts.
  • sealing grooves are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the annular cubic cylinder structure, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the sealing grooves.
  • wiring holes are provided around the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
  • the built-in high hydraulic servo loading system provides high ground stress for the cavern model, and is composed of a large tonnage hydraulic jack, a thruster plate and a pressure servo control center.
  • the large-tonnage hydraulic jack is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
  • the thruster is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the large-tonnage jack and directly acts on the model test body.
  • the pressure servo control center is used to control the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack.
  • a flange is cushioned between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack and the high-pressure water seal model test chamber, and a rubber seal ring is cushioned between the flange and the steel high-strength reaction plate of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber. Fasten the three together with high-strength bolts.
  • the high-pressure water seal model test cabin is equipped with a sealed excavation window in the center of the front steel high-strength reaction plate, which is mainly composed of a steel high-strength cylindrical tube, a steel sealing cover and a steel hollow water retaining shell.
  • the steel high-strength cylinder is welded to the center of the front steel high-strength reaction plate.
  • the steel sealing cover seals the steel high-strength cylinder with high-strength bolts and rubber gaskets.
  • the steel hollow water retaining shell is connected to the steel high-strength cylinder and inserted into it. Inside the model test body.
  • the high ground temperature control system is composed of a water heater, a model heater, a temperature control center and a sealed heat insulation board.
  • the water heater is used to heat the high-pressure water body to the test temperature
  • the model heater is used to heat the model test body to the test temperature.
  • the temperature control center is used to control the water heater and the model heater to control the temperature of the high-pressure water body and the model test body, and seal and heat insulation.
  • the plate is used to block the heating heat from dissipating outside.
  • the high osmotic water pressure loading system is composed of a multi-section high-pressure water pipe, a water pressure loading device and a water pressure control system.
  • a multi-section high-pressure water pipe connects the hydraulic loading device with the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
  • the hydraulic loading device is used to provide the required water pressure for the test, and the hydraulic control system is used to dynamically input and output water pressure values in real time. .
  • the high-pressure water pipe arranged with multiple cross-sections is inserted into the test model body through the wiring hole of the high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin.
  • the water pressure loading device is mainly composed of an automatic frequency conversion booster pump, a water tank, a water pressure sensor and a high-pressure water outlet;
  • the automatic frequency conversion booster pump is used to provide the water pressure value required for the test, and the water tank is used to carry the test water body ,
  • the water pressure sensor is used to monitor the output water pressure, and the high-pressure water outlet is connected to a multi-section high-pressure water pipe to inject the pressurized test water into the high-pressure water seal model test chamber.
  • the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system is used to simulate cavern excavation, and consists of tunneling excavation cutter head, tunneling drive connecting cylinder, tunneling mover, tunneling drive jack, slag dust collector, carrying frame and tunneling control center
  • the boring and excavating cutter head is equipped with a rotating cutting blade for cutting and crushing the material of the model test body. It is installed at the front end of the driving driving cylinder, and the end of the driving driving cylinder is fixed on the driving mover, and is connected with the driving jack Connect, the tunneling driving jack pushes the tunneling mover to move, thereby driving the tunneling movement of the tunneling excavation cutter head.
  • the slag dust collector will adsorb and transport the excavated and cut model material to the outside of the model in real time.
  • the carrying frame carries the entire miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system. Fixed on the outer wall of the high-pressure water seal model test cabin, the tunneling control center controls the speed of tunneling and excavation.
  • the dobby lining system is used for lining support and grouting after the excavation of the model cavern, and is composed of a lining grouting operation system, a telescopic drive, a supporting controller, and a grouting controller.
  • the lining grouting operation system is used to implement cave lining support and grouting reinforcement
  • the telescopic drive controls the forward and backward of the lining grouting operation system
  • the support controller is used to control the force and rate of the lining support of the lining grouting operation system
  • the grouting The controller is used to control the grouting pressure and grouting amount during the grouting reinforcement of the lining grouting operation system.
  • the lining injection operation system is mainly composed of a telescopic thrust block, a grouting pipe and a fixer.
  • the telescopic thrust block and the grouting pipe are installed on the holder, and the telescopic thrust block is bonded to the lining segment and pushed to the cave wall of the cavern.
  • the grouting pipe passes through the lining segment and is used to feed the lining segment and the cavern.
  • the contact gap of the cave wall is injected with reinforcement slurry.
  • the self-sealing high-precision test system is composed of a waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor, a waterproof seepage pressure sensor, a waterproof temperature sensor, and a data processing center;
  • the waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor passes through the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber and is fixed to the test model Inside the body, it is used to detect the displacement of any part of the model test body.
  • the waterproof seepage pressure sensor is used to detect the seepage pressure of any part inside the model test body.
  • the waterproof temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the model test body and high-pressure water in real time.
  • the data processing center will The measured model test data is processed, stored and displayed in real time, and the relevant time history curve is automatically generated.
  • the hydraulic jack loading device of the present invention is embedded in the reaction force device, which changes the disadvantage that the hydraulic jack loading device of the existing model test system is completely installed inside the reaction force device, and greatly saves the internal space of the reaction force device and the test model. Moreover, it is convenient to install, disassemble and repair the reaction force device, which is more conducive to ensuring the airtightness of the model reaction force device.
  • the present invention can perform ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional simulation tests under multi-field coupling, and can precisely simulate the nonlinear deformation, failure and water inrush of deep cavern excavation under the multi-field coupling of high ground stress, high seepage pressure and high ground temperature.
  • the evolution process solves the technical problem that the existing model test system can only be loaded uniformly at low pressure.
  • the present invention can realize water pressure gradient loading, the loading value is large, and the high-pressure groundwater environment is truly simulated, and the technical problem that the existing model test can only be loaded with a low head is solved.
  • the present invention can finely simulate the intelligent excavation, lining support and grouting process of the model cavern, and solve the problem that the existing model test can only be manually excavated, manually supported, and is difficult to automatically model grouting reinforcement.
  • the present invention can finely simulate the supporting mechanism of surrounding rock and lining, and effectively optimize the supporting scheme of the cavern.
  • the present invention has broad application prospects in simulating the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of deep caverns such as hydropower, transportation, energy and mines.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the sealed excavation window of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the high ground temperature control system of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the high osmotic water pressure loading system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic loading device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the dobby lining system of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the lining injection operating system of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a front view of the lining injection operating system of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the self-sealing high-precision test system of the present invention.
  • High pressure water seal model test chamber 2. Embedded high hydraulic servo loading system, 3. High ground temperature control system, 4. High permeability hydraulic loading system, 5. Micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, 6. Dobby Lining system, 7. Self-sealing high-precision test system, 8. Test model body, 9. High-pressure water body, 10. Steel high-strength reaction plate, 11. Ring-shaped cubic tube structure, 12. High-strength bolts, 13. Sealing groove, 14. Rubber sealing ring, 15. Cable hole, 16. Large tonnage hydraulic jack, 17. Thruster plate, 18. Pressure servo control center, 19. Flange, 20. Sealed excavation window, 21. High strength steel Cylindrical tube, 22. Steel sealing cover, 23. Steel hollow water-retaining shell, 24.
  • Water heater 25. Model heater, 26. Temperature control center, 27 Sealed heat shield, 28. Multi-section high pressure Water pipe, 29. Water pressure loading device, 30. Water pressure control system, 31. Automatic variable frequency booster pump, 32 water tank, 33. Water pressure sensor, 34. High pressure water outlet, 35. Tunneling and excavation cutter head, 36. Tunneling Drive connecting cylinder, 37. Tunneling mover, 38. Tunneling drive jack, 39. Dust collector, 40. Carrier frame, 41. Tunneling control center, 42. Rotating cutting blade, 43. Lining and injection operation system, 44. Drive Connecting cylinder, 45. Rail fixing plate, 46. Slide rail, 47. Telescopic drive, 48. Bearing platform, 49. Drive control center, 50. Support controller, 51. Grouting controller, 52.
  • Telescopic thrust block 53. Grouting pipe, 54. Fixer, 55. Lining segment, 56. Waterproof optical displacement sensor, 57. Waterproof pressure sensor, 58. Waterproof temperature sensor, 59. Data processing center, 60. Inverted cone rubber lock up.
  • micro in the "mini TBM intelligent tunneling system" described in the present invention only means that the size is smaller than that of the large tunneling system, and does not mean that it has a specific size limitation.
  • the "high osmotic water pressure” in the “high osmotic water pressure loading system” described in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain pressure value, but is a relative concept, as long as it meets the pressure intensity required by the test.
  • the "high ground temperature” in the "high ground temperature control system” mentioned in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain temperature value, but is a relative concept, as long as it meets the temperature required by the test.
  • the "high pressure” in the "high pressure water seal model test chamber” in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain pressure value, but is a relative concept, as long as it meets the pressure requirements required by the test.
  • the "large tonnage” in the “large tonnage hydraulic jack” mentioned in the present invention also does not specifically refer to a certain tonnage, but is a relative concept, as long as it meets the tonnage requirements required by the test.
  • the "high” in the "high precision” mentioned in the present invention also does not specifically refer to a certain accuracy, but is a relative concept, as long as the accuracy requirements required by the test are met.
  • the true three-dimensional model test system for the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of a large buried tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions is mainly composed of a high-pressure water-tight model test chamber 1, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system 2, and a high Ground temperature control system 3, high osmotic water pressure loading system 4, micro-TBM intelligent tunneling system 5, dobby lining system 6 and self-sealing high-precision testing system 7 and so on.
  • the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 is a sealed space for accommodating the test model body 8 and the high-pressure water body 9. It is assembled from six steel high-strength reaction plates 10, which are made of steel.
  • the force plate 10 is made of a high-strength steel plate with a thickness of 40mm, of which four steel high-strength reaction plates 10 are welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structure 11, and the upper and lower two steel high-strength reaction plates 10 are connected to the annular cube through high-strength bolts 12
  • the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylindrical structure 11 are connected in a sealed manner.
  • the specific sealing connection method is as follows: two sealing grooves 13 are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the annular cubic cylindrical structure 11, and each sealing groove 13 A rubber sealing ring 14 is arranged inside; further, the shape of the sealing groove 13 is ring-shaped, and the shape of the rubber sealing ring 14 matched with it is also ring-shaped.
  • the built-in high hydraulic servo loading system 2 provides loading force for the test, and is composed of a large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16, a thruster plate 17, and a pressure servo control center 18.
  • the maximum applied load of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 is 70 MPa, which is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the thruster plate 17 is installed on the front end of the piston rod of the large-tonnage jack 16, directly acting on the model test body 8.
  • the pressure servo control center 18 is used to control the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16.
  • a flange 19 is cushioned between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 and the high-pressure water seal model test chamber 1, and between the flange 19 and the steel high-strength reaction plate 10 of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber 1
  • a rubber sealing ring 14 is cushioned, and the three are fixed together with a high-strength bolt 12.
  • the upper steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the lower steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the left steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the right steel high-strength reaction plate 10, and the rear steel high-strength reaction plate 10 Nine large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 are embedded on the force plate 10 respectively (see Figure 2 for the specific setting form), and eight large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 are embedded on the front steel high-strength reaction plate 10; the front steel high-strength vertical plate A sealed excavation window 20 is set at the center of 10, as shown in Figure 3 for details.
  • the high-strength steel high-strength reaction plate 10 in the front of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 is mainly composed of a steel high-strength cylindrical cylinder 21, a steel sealing cover 22 and a steel sealing excavation window 20 installed in the center. It is composed of a hollow water-retaining shell 23.
  • the steel high-strength cylindrical cylinder 21 has the same size and shape as the excavation chamber, and is horizontally welded to the center of the front steel high-strength reaction plate 10.
  • the steel sealing cover 22 is installed on the outer end surface of the steel high-strength cylinder 21, and the outside of the steel high-strength cylinder 21 is sealed by the high-strength bolt 12 and the rubber sealing ring 14.
  • the steel hollow water-retaining shell 23 has the same size and shape as the excavation chamber. It is connected to the inner end face of the steel high-strength cylinder 21 inside the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 and inserted into the model test body 8 to protect the hole No water leakage occurs when the chamber is excavated.
  • the above-mentioned outer end surface refers to the end surface located outside the high pressure water seal model test chamber 1, and the inner end surface refers to the end surface located inside the high pressure water seal model test chamber 1.
  • the high ground temperature control system 3 applies test temperature to the test model body 8 and the high-pressure water body 9, and is composed of a water body heater 24, a model heater 25, a temperature control center 26 and a sealed heat insulation board 27.
  • the water heater 24 is placed in the high-pressure water body 9 to heat the high-pressure water body 9 to the test temperature
  • the model heater 25 is placed in the model test body 8 to heat the model test body 8 to the test temperature
  • the temperature control center 26 is used to control the water body
  • the sealing heat insulation board 27 is installed on the inner wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 to prevent the heating temperature from escaping.
  • multiple water body heaters 24 can be provided at different positions of the high-pressure water body; the model heater 25 can also be provided multiple, and the model heaters are located at different positions of the model test body 8.
  • the high osmotic water pressure loading system 4 is used to automatically load the test model body 8 with high osmotic water pressure.
  • the high-pressure water pipe 28, the water pressure loading device 29 and the water pressure control system are arranged by multi-sections. 30 composition.
  • the multi-section high-pressure water pipe 28 connects the hydraulic loading device 29 with the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1.
  • the multi-section high-pressure water pipe 28 is divided into 6 independent loading water pipes, of which the upper part of the test model body 1 is one channel, and the lower part It is one road, and the side is divided into four roads to realize water pressure gradient loading, and the maximum load value of each road is 50MPa.
  • each high-pressure water pipe 28 includes a main high-pressure water pipe and multiple branch high-pressure water pipes, and the main high-pressure water pipe is connected with the branch high-pressure water pipes.
  • the water pressure loading device 29 is used to provide the water pressure required for the test, and the water pressure control system 30 is used to input and output pressure values and record test data.
  • the water pressure loading device 29 is mainly composed of an automatic variable frequency booster pump 31, a water tank 32, a water pressure sensor 33, and a high-pressure water outlet 34; the automatic variable frequency booster pump 31 is used to provide the water required for the test.
  • the water tank 32 is used to carry the test water body, the water pressure sensor 33 is used to test the output water pressure, the high-pressure water outlet 34 is connected with the multi-section high-pressure water pipe 28, and the high-pressure water body 9 is input to the test model body 8.
  • the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5 is used to simulate the excavation process of the TBM excavation chamber. It consists of a tunneling excavation cutter head 35, a tunneling drive connecting cylinder 36, a tunneling mover 37, and a tunneling drive jack 38,
  • the slag dust collector 39, the carrying frame 40 and the tunneling control center 41 are composed;
  • the tunneling and excavating cutter head 35 is equipped with a rotating cutting blade 42 for cutting and crushing the material of the model test body 8, and the tunneling excavating cutter head 35 is installed in the tunneling
  • the front end of the driving connecting cylinder 36 and the end of the tunneling driving connecting cylinder 36 are fixed on the tunneling mover 37 and connected with the tunneling drive jack 38.
  • the tunneling drive jack 38 pushes the tunneling mover 37 to move, thereby driving the tunneling excavation cutter head 35 to move forward.
  • the slag dust collector 39 adsorbs and transports the excavated and cut model materials to the outside of the model in real time.
  • the carrying frame 40 carries the entire miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system 5, which can be fixed on the outer wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the tunneling control center 41 controls the tunneling. The rate of digging.
  • the model multi-directional automatic lining system 6 is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement for the cavity after the excavation of the model cavity, and is fixed by the lining injection operation system 43, the driving connecting cylinder 44, and the guide rail.
  • the board 45, the slide rail 46, the telescopic drive 47, the bearing platform 48, the drive control center 49, the support controller 50 and the grouting controller 51 are composed.
  • the lining injection operation system 43 is located at the front end of the entire device, used to implement lining support and grouting reinforcement.
  • the front end of the driving connecting cylinder 44 is connected with the lining injection operation system 43 to control the construction progress position, and the rear end of the driving connecting cylinder 44 is fixed on the guide rail.
  • the guide rail fixing plate 45 is installed on the sliding block of the slide rail 46; the telescopic drive 47 is connected to the rear end of the guide rail fixing plate 45 to control its forward and backward movement, thereby realizing the front and rear of the lining injection operation system 43 and the driving connecting cylinder 44 Mobile; the bearing platform 48 is used to carry the entire system, the drive control center 49 adjusts the expansion and contraction of the telescopic driver 47, the support controller 50 is used to control the force and rate of the lining support of the lining grouting operation system 43, the grouting controller 51 is used to control the grouting pressure and grouting amount of the lining grouting operation system 43 when grouting and strengthening.
  • the driving connecting cylinder 44 described in this embodiment is a rod-shaped structure composed of a multi-section cylinder structure.
  • the driving connecting cylinder 44 can also be arranged in an integrated structure, and this is not used.
  • the lining injection operation system 43 is mainly composed of a telescopic thrust block 52, a grouting pipe 53 and a fixer 54.
  • the telescopic thrust block 52 and the grouting pipe 53 are installed on the holder 54.
  • the telescopic thrust block 52 is bonded to the lining segment 55 and pushed to the cave wall, and the lining can be carried out in the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the cave at the same time.
  • one end of the grouting pipe 53 is connected with the grouting controller 51, and the other end passes through the lining segment 55, and is used to inject reinforcement grout into the contact gap between the lining segment 55 and the cavity wall.
  • the grouting pipe 53 includes multiple paths corresponding to different lining segments 55, and one lining segment 55 is provided with a grouting pipe 53.
  • each group of lining segments 55 includes four, the four lining segments 55 enclose a ring structure, the fixer 54 is located at the center of the ring structure, and the four lining segments 55 pass four telescopic thrusts.
  • the block 52 is connected to the holder 54.
  • the structure of the four lining segments 55 is the same, see FIG. 12 for details.
  • the highly sealed model testing system 7 is composed of a waterproof light-sensing displacement sensor 56, a waterproof seepage pressure sensor 57, a waterproof temperature sensor 58 and a data processing center 59; the waterproof light-sensing displacement sensor 56 passes through high-pressure water
  • the sealed model test chamber 1 is fixed inside the model test body 8, and is used to detect the displacement of any part of the model material.
  • the waterproof seepage pressure sensor 57 is used to detect the seepage pressure of any part inside the model test body 8, and the waterproof temperature sensor 58 is used to detect high-pressure water.
  • the data processing center 59 processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time, and automatically generates relevant time history change curves.

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  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，该系统由高压水密封模型试验舱、内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统、高地温调控系统、高渗透水压加载系统、微型TBM智能掘进系统、多臂衬砌系统以及自密封高精度测试系统组成。高压水密封模型试验舱用于容纳试验模型体和高压水体，内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统为试验模型体提供高地应力，高地温调控系统为试验模型体施加高地温，高渗透水压加载系统用于对试验模型体进行全方位的高渗透水压加载，TBM智能掘进系统可智能开挖不同形状和尺寸的模型洞室，多臂衬砌系统用于模型洞室开挖后的衬砌支护和注浆加固，自密封高精度测试系统用于测试模型试验体内部任意部位的位移、应力和渗压。

Description

复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在水电、交通、能源和矿山工程领域使用的用于模拟复杂多场耦合条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护控制的真三维模型试验系统。
背景技术
随着社会和经济的快速发展，中国已发展成为世界上隧洞和地下工程建造数量最多、规模最大、地质条件最复杂、结构形式最多样的国家。近年来，中国水电引水隧洞、交通隧道、矿山巷道等深部洞室建设蓬勃发展，建设重心向地质条件复杂的西部山区及岩溶地区转移，高地应力、高渗透压、强岩溶、复杂地质构造等导致深部洞室(交通隧道、引水隧洞、矿山巷道等)施工过程中灾害频发，形成突水、涌泥、塌方等具有隐蔽性和突发性的大型地质灾害，灾害发生部位、规模和动力特征难以准确预测，往往给地下工程建设带来严重危害，轻则造成淹没洞室、冲毁机具等重大经济损失，重则造成重大人员伤亡事故。因此，针对高地应力与高渗透水压耦合作用下深部洞室突水突泥地质灾害的致灾机理开展深入研究，对于有效预防灾害性事故发生，提高深部洞室的施工安全和运营稳定具有十分重大的理论意义和工程应用价值。面对深部洞室工程，传统理论方法难以胜任，数值模拟困难重重，现场原位试验条件受限且费用昂贵，相比之下，地质力学模型试验以其形象、直观、真实的特性成为研究深部工程的重要手段。与MTS研究岩芯力学特性不同，地质力学模型试验是根据相似原理采用缩尺模型研究洞室施工开挖过程与变形破坏的物理模拟方法，对于发现新现象，探索新规律、揭示新机理和验证新理论具有理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验不可替代的重要作用。因此，地质力学模型试验也成为研究深部洞室突水突泥地质灾害发生机理与产生条件的重要手段，要开展高地应力与高渗透压耦合作用下深部洞室围岩稳定与支护地质力学模型试验，就必须具备相应的地质力学模型试验系统。目前有关模型试验系统的研究现状如下：
《岩石力学与工程学报》2009年第4期介绍了一种深埋长大引水隧洞三维物理模型渗透性试验系统，设计制作渗压自动控制供水系统和离散式花管渗流生成系统，实现渗流场的静载模拟，但该系统无法模拟深部洞室高地应力真三维加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
《岩石力学与工程学报》2013年第5期介绍了一种海底隧洞流固耦合模型试验系统，由钢结构架、钢化玻璃试验箱和渗压加载装置组成，可进行平面应力和准三维平面应变模型试验，但该系统无法进行高压真三维加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程， 且无法模拟温度效应。
《岩石力学与工程学报》2015年第5期介绍了一种底板突水模拟试验系统，可模拟流固耦合条件下矿井底板突水演变过程，但该系统无法实现深部洞室高地应力真三维加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
《岩石力学与工程学报》2016年第3期介绍了一种深部隧洞突水模拟三维模型试验系统，该系统以室内三轴试验机为模板开发，实现流固耦合加载，但该装置所能容纳的试件尺寸较小，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
《岩土力学》2017年第3期介绍了一种断层破碎带隧洞突水突泥模型试验系统，该系统通过设置高空水箱进行渗压加载，但该系统无法进行渗压自动加载，无法进行高地应力真三维加载和模拟模型洞室智能开挖与自动衬砌支护过程，也无法模拟温度效应。
《岩石力学与工程学报》2017年增2期介绍了一种隧洞突水模型试验系统，该系统能够实现高地应力和高渗透压下溶洞突水模拟，但系统只能进行平面应变加载，无法实现模型试验真三维加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
《岩土工程学报》2018年第5期介绍了一种隐伏溶洞突水模型试验系统，可模拟岩溶隧洞突水过程，但该系统只能进行平面应变加载且加载量值较小，无法模拟模型洞室自动衬砌支护和注浆加固过程，也无法模拟温度效应。
《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2019年第2期介绍了一种真三轴地质力学模型试验系统，可模拟真三维加载，但是该系统无法进行多路渗压加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology》2019年第94卷介绍了一种流固耦合模型试验系统，但该系统无法实现深部洞室高地应力真三维加载，无法模拟模型洞室智能开挖和自动衬砌支护过程，且无法模拟温度效应。
综上所述，目前国内外模型试验系统存在如下问题：
(1)模型试验多以平面、准三维加载为主，无法模拟多场耦合作用下高地应力真三维加载过程；
(2)无法模拟高地应力、高地温与高渗压水压多场耦合作用下深部洞室围岩稳定与支护控制及突涌水演化过程；
(3)模型试验存在高压水难密封和高地温难施加的技术难题；
(4)模型试验洞室多以人工开挖为主，较难实施不同形状和尺寸模型洞室的智能开挖和衬砌支护。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术的不足，研制一种可模拟复杂多场耦合条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护控制的真三维模型试验系统。
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：
复杂多场耦合条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护控制真三维模型试验系统，该系统主要由高压水密封模型试验舱、内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统、高地温调控系统、高渗透水压加载系统、微型TBM智能掘进系统、多臂衬砌系统以及自密封高精度测试系统等组成。
所述的高压水密封模型试验舱，用于容纳试验模型体和高压水体；试验模型体与高压水密封模型试验舱内壁之间形成高压水体空间；
所述的内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统，其内嵌于高压水密封模型试验舱上，为试验模型体提供高地应力；
所述的高地温调控系统为试验模型体施加高地温；
所述的高渗透水压加载系统用于对试验模型体进行全方位的高渗透水压加载；
所述的微型TBM智能掘进系统可智能开挖不同形状和尺寸的模型洞室；
所述的多臂衬砌系统用于模型洞室开挖后的衬砌支护和注浆加固；
所述的自密封高精度测试系统用于测试模型试验体内部任意部位的位移、应力和渗压等多物理量信息。
进一步的，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱是用于容纳试验模型体和高压水体的密封空间，由六块钢制高强反力板组装而成。四块钢制高强反力板通过精密焊接形成环形立方筒结构体，上下两块钢制高强反力板通过高强螺栓与环形立方筒结构体密封连接。
进一步的，所述的环形立方筒结构体上下端面设置两条密封槽，并在密封槽内安置橡胶密封圈。
进一步的，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱四周开设走线孔。
进一步的，所述的内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统为洞室模型提供高地应力，由大吨位液压千斤顶、推力器板和压力伺服控制中心组成。大吨位液压千斤顶内嵌于高压水密封模型试验舱上，推力器安装于大吨位千斤顶的活塞杆前端，直接作用于模型试验体，压力伺服控制中心用于控制大吨位液压千斤顶的压力。
进一步的，所述的大吨位液压千斤顶与高压水密封模型试验舱之间垫有法兰盘，法兰盘与高压水密封模型试验舱的钢制高强反力板之间垫有橡胶密封圈，用高强螺栓将三者固定在一起。
进一步的，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱在前钢制高强反力板中心安装密封开挖窗口，主要由钢制高强圆柱筒、钢制密封盖和钢制空心挡水壳组成。钢制高强圆柱筒焊接在前钢制高强反力板的中心，钢制密封盖通过高强螺栓和橡胶垫圈封住钢制高强圆柱筒，钢制空心挡水壳连接钢制高强圆柱筒并插入到模型试验体内部。
进一步的，所述的高地温调控系统由水体加热器、模型加热器、温度控制中心和密封隔热板组成。水体加热器为高压水体加热至试验温度，模型加热器为模型试验体加热至试验温度，温度控制中心用于控制水体加热器和模型加热器从而控制高压水体和模型试验体的温度，密封隔热板用于阻挡加热热量外散。
进一步的，所述的高渗透水压加载系统由多断面布设的高压水管、水压加载装置和水压调控系统组成。多断面布设的高压水管将所述的水压加载装置与高压水密封模型试验舱连接，水压加载装置用于提供试验所需水压，水压调控系统用于实时动态输入、输出水压值。
进一步的，所述的多断面布设的高压水管穿过高压水密封模型试验舱的走线孔插入到试验模型体内部。
进一步的，所述的水压加载装置主要由自动变频增压泵、水箱、水压传感器和高压水出口组成；自动变频增压泵用于提供试验所需水压值，水箱用于承载试验水体，水压传感器用于监测输出水压，高压水出口连接多断面布设的高压水管，将增压后的试验水体注入高压水密封模型试验舱内。
进一步的，所述的微型TBM智能掘进系统用于模拟洞室开挖，由掘进开挖刀头、掘进驱动连筒、掘进移动器、掘进驱动千斤顶、出渣除尘器、承载架和掘进控制中心等组成；所述的掘进开挖刀头安装旋转切削刀片，用于切削粉碎模型试验体材料，安装在掘进驱动连筒前端，掘进驱动连筒末端固定在掘进移动器上，并与掘进驱动千斤顶连接，掘进驱动千斤顶推动掘进移动器移动，从而带动掘进开挖刀头掘进移动，出渣除尘器实时将开挖切削的模型材料吸附输送至模型体外，承载架承载整个微型TBM智能掘进系统，可固定在高压水密封模型试验舱外壁，掘进控制中心控制掘进开挖的速率。
进一步的，所述的多臂衬砌系统用于模型洞室开挖后的衬砌支护和注浆，由衬注作业系统、伸缩驱动器、支护控制器和注浆控制器等组成。衬注作业系统用于实施洞室衬砌支护和注浆加固，伸缩驱动器控制衬注作业系统前进和后退，支护控制器用于控制衬注作业系统衬砌支护时的作用力和速率，注浆控制器用于控制衬注作业系统注浆加固时的注浆压力和注浆量。
进一步的，所述的衬注作业系统主要由伸缩推力块、注浆管和固定器组成。所述的伸缩 推力块和注浆管安装在固定器上，伸缩推力块粘结衬砌管片顶推至洞室洞壁，注浆管穿过衬砌管片，用于向衬砌管片和洞室洞壁的接触间隙注入加固浆液。
进一步的，所述的自密封高精度测试系统由防水光感应位移传感器、防水渗压传感器、防水温度传感器和数据处理中心组成；防水光感应位移传感器穿过高压水密封模型试验舱固定于试验模型体内部，用于检测模型试验体内部任意部位位移，防水渗压传感器用于检测模型试验体内部任意部位渗压，防水温度传感器用于实时检测模型试验体和高压水体的温度，数据处理中心将测得的模型试验数据进行实时处理、存储和显示并自动生成相关时程变化曲线。
本发明具有如下显著的技术优势：
(1)本发明液压千斤顶加载装置内嵌于反力装置上，改变现有模型试验系统的液压千斤顶加载装置完全安装在反力装置内部的缺点，大大节省了反力装置与试验模型的内部空间且方便对反力装置进行安装拆卸与维修，更有利于保证模型反力装置的密封性。
(2)本发明可进行多场耦合作用下的超高压真三维模拟试验，可精细模拟高地应力、高渗压和高地温多场耦合作用下深部洞室开挖的非线性变形破坏与突涌水演化过程，解决了现有模型试验系统只能低压均匀加载的技术难题。
(3)本发明可以实现水压梯度加载，加载量值大，真实模拟高压地下水环境，解决了现有模型试验只能低水头加载的技术难题。
(4)本发明可精细化模拟模型洞室智能开挖、衬砌支护和注浆过程，解决现有模型试验只能手动开挖、手动支护和难以自动模型注浆加固的难题。
(5)本发明可以精细化模拟围岩和衬砌支护协同作用机制，并有效优化洞室的支护方案。
(6)本发明在模拟水电、交通、能源和矿山等深部洞室围岩稳定与支护控制方面具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为本发明整体结构平面示意图；
图2为本发明的高压水密封模型试验舱示意图；
图3为本发明的高压水密封模型试验舱正视图；
图4为本发明的内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统示意图；
图5为本发明的密封开挖窗口示意图；
图6为本发明的高地温调控系统示意图；
图7为本发明的高渗透水压加载系统示意图；
图8为本发明的水压加载装置示意图；
图9为本发明的微型TBM智能掘进系统示意图；
图10为本发明的多臂衬砌系统示意图；
图11为本发明的衬注作业系统侧视图；
图12为本发明的衬注作业系统正视图；
图13为本发明的自密封高精度测试系统示意图；
其中：1.高压水密封模型试验舱，2.内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统，3.高地温调控系统，4.高渗透水压加载系统，5.微型TBM智能掘进系统，6.多臂衬砌系统，7.自密封高精度测试系统，8.试验模型体，9.高压水体，10.钢制高强反力板，11.环状立方筒结构，12.高强螺栓，13.密封槽，14.橡胶密封圈，15.走线孔，16.大吨位液压千斤顶，17.推力器板，18.压力伺服控制中心，19.法兰盘，20.密封开挖窗口，21.钢制高强圆柱筒，22.钢制密封盖，23.钢制空心挡水壳，24.水体加热器，25.模型加热器，26.温度控制中心，27密封隔热板，28.多断面布设的高压水管，29.水压加载装置，30.水压调控系统，31.自动变频增压泵，32水箱，33.水压传感器，34.高压水出口，35.掘进开挖刀头,36.掘进驱动连筒，37.掘进移动器，38.掘进驱动千斤顶，39.出渣除尘器，40.承载架，41.掘进控制中心，42.旋转切削刀片，43.衬注作业系统，44.驱动连筒，45.导轨固定板，46.滑轨，47.伸缩驱动器，48.承载台，49.驱动控制中心，50.支护控制器，51.注浆控制器，52.伸缩推力块，53.注浆管，54.固定器，55.衬砌管片，56.防水光感应位移传感器，57.防水渗压传感器，58.防水温度传感器，59.数据处理中心，60.倒锥形橡胶圈。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
名字解释部分：本发明中所述的“高强度钢板”的强度没有具体的数值要求，只要满足 试验所需要的强度即可。
本发明中所述的“微型TBM智能掘进系统”中的微型仅表示尺寸相对于大型掘进系统较小，并不代表其有具体尺寸的限制。
本发明中所述的“高渗透水压加载系统”中“高渗透水压”，也不特指某个压力值，是一个相对概念，只要满足试验所需要的压力强度即可。
本发明中所述的“高地温调控系统”中的“高地温”，也不特指某个温度值，是一个相对概念，只要满足试验所需要的温度即可。
本发明中所述的“高压水密封模型试验舱”中的“高压”，也不特指某个压力值，是一个相对概念，只要满足试验所需要的压力要求即可。
本发明中所述的“大吨位液压千斤顶”中的“大吨位”也不特指某个吨位，是一个相对概念，只要满足试验所需要的吨位要求即可。
本发明中所述的“高精度”中的“高”也不特指某个精度，是一个相对概念，只要满足试验所需要的精度要求即可。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示，复杂多场耦合条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护控制真三维模型试验系统，主要由高压水密封模型试验舱1、内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统2、高地温调控系统3、高渗透水压加载系统4、微型TBM智能掘进系统5、多臂衬砌系统6以及自密封高精度测试系统7等组成。
如图2所示，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱1是用于容纳试验模型体8和高压水体9的密封空间，由六块钢制高强反力板10组装而成，钢制高强反力板10由厚度40mm的高强度钢板制成，其中四块钢制高强反力板10通过焊接形成环形立方筒结构体11，上下两块钢制高强反力板10通过高强螺栓12与环形立方筒结构体11的上端面和下端面密封连接，具体的密封连接方式是：所述的环形立方筒结构体11的上端面、下端面各设置两条密封槽13，并在每个密封槽13内安置橡胶密封圈14；进一步的，密封槽13的形状为环形，与其配合的橡胶密封圈14的形状也对应的为环形。
如图3所示，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱1四周开有走线孔15，即在六块钢制高强反力板10上设置走线孔15。如图4所示，所述的内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统2为试验提供加载力，由大吨位液压千斤顶16、推力器板17和压力伺服控制中心18组成。本实施例中，大吨位液压千斤顶16最大施加荷载为70MPa，其内嵌于高压水密封模型试验舱1上，推力器板17安装于大吨位千斤顶16的活塞杆前端，直接作用于模型试验体8，压力伺服控制中心18 用于控制大吨位液压千斤顶16的压力。
进一步的，所述的大吨位液压千斤顶16与高压水密封模型试验舱1之间垫有法兰盘19，法兰盘19与高压水密封模型试验舱1的钢制高强反力板10之间垫有橡胶密封圈14，用高强螺栓12将三者固定在一起。
进一步的，本实施例中，在上钢制高强反力板10、下钢制高强反力板10、左钢制高强反力板10、右钢制高强反力板10以及后钢制高强反力板10上分别内嵌九个大吨位液压千斤顶16(具体设置形式参加图2)，在前钢制高强反力板10上内嵌八个大吨位液压千斤顶16；前钢制高强反立板10的中心位置处设置密封开挖窗口20，具体见图3所示。
如图5所示，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱1的前面的钢制高强反力板10中心安装的密封开挖窗口20主要由钢制高强圆柱筒21、钢制密封盖22和钢制空心挡水壳23组成。钢制高强圆柱筒21与开挖洞室的尺寸和形状相同，水平焊接在前钢制高强反力板10的中心位置。钢制密封盖22安装在钢制高强圆柱筒21的外端面，通过高强螺栓12和橡胶密封圈14封住钢制高强圆柱筒21的外部。钢制空心挡水壳23与开挖洞室的尺寸和形状相同，在高压水密封模型试验舱1内部与钢制高强圆柱筒21的内端面连接，并插入到模型试验体8内部，保障洞室开挖时不会出现漏水。
上述的外端面是指位于高压水密封模型试验舱1外的端面，内端面是指位于高压水密封模型试验舱1内的端面。
如图6所示，所述的高地温调控系统3为试验模型体8和高压水体9施加试验温度，由水体加热器24、模型加热器25、温度控制中心26和密封隔热板27组成。水体加热器24置于高压水体9内，为高压水体9加热至试验温度，模型加热器25置于模型试验体8内，为模型试验体8加热至试验温度，温度控制中心26用于控制水体加热器24和模型加热器25的温度，密封隔热板27安装在高压水密封模型试验舱1的内壁，用于阻挡加热温度外散。
进一步的，本实施例中水体加热器24可以设置多个，位于高压水体的不同位置；所述的模型加热器25也可以设置多个，模型加热器位于模型试验体8的不同位置。
如图7所示，所述的高渗透水压加载系统4用于对试验模型体8进行高渗透水压自动加载，由多断面布设的高压水管28、水压加载装置29和水压调控系统30组成。多断面布设的高压水管28将水压加载装置29与高压水密封模型试验舱1连通，多断面布设的高压水管28共分6路独立的加载水管，其中试验模型体1的上面为一路，下面为一路，侧面分为四路，实现水压梯度加载，每路最大加载量值为50MPa。且在本实施例中每路高压水管28包括一路主高压水管和多路支高压水管，主高压水管与支高压水管相连通。
水压加载装置29用于提供试验所需水压，水压调控系统30用于输入、输出压力值以及记录试验数据。所述的多断面布设的高压水管28穿过高压水密封模型试验舱1的走线孔15，水管出水端插入到试验模型体8内部。其中，渗压按σ w＝γh进行加载，h为水位深度，γ为水体容重。形成梯度渗压，从而实现随深度变化的渗压加载。
如图8所示，所述的水压加载装置29主要由自动变频增压泵31、水箱32、水压传感器33和高压水出口34组成；自动变频增压泵31用于提供试验所需水压值，水箱32用于承载试验水体，水压传感器33用于测试输出水压，高压水出口34与多断面布设的高压水管28连接，向试验模型体8输入高压水体9。
如图9所示，所述的微型TBM智能掘进系统5用于模拟TBM发洞室开挖过程，由掘进开挖刀头35、掘进驱动连筒36、掘进移动器37、掘进驱动千斤顶38、出渣除尘器39、承载架40和掘进控制中心41组成；所述的掘进开挖刀头35安装旋转切削刀片42，用于切削粉碎模型试验体8材料，掘进开挖刀头35安装在掘进驱动连筒36前端，掘进驱动连筒36末端固定在掘进移动器37上，并与掘进驱动千斤顶38连接，掘进驱动千斤顶38推动掘进移动器37移动，从而带动掘进开挖刀头35掘进移动，出渣除尘器39实时将开挖切削的模型材料吸附输送至模型体外，承载架40承载整个微型TBM智能掘进系统5，可固定在高压水密封模型试验舱1外壁，掘进控制中心41控制掘进开挖的速率。
如图10所示，所述的模型多向自动衬砌系统6用于模型洞室开挖后的洞室进行衬砌支护和注浆加固，由衬注作业系统43、驱动连筒44、导轨固定板45、滑轨46、伸缩驱动器47、承载台48、驱动控制中心49、支护控制器50和注浆控制器51组成。
衬注作业系统43位于整个装置前端，用于实施衬砌支护和注浆加固，驱动连筒44的前端与衬注作业系统43连接，控制施工行进位置，驱动连筒44的后端固定在导轨固定板45上，导轨固定板45安装在滑轨46的滑块上；伸缩驱动器47连接导轨固定板45后端，控制其前进和后退，进而实现衬注作业系统43、驱动连筒44的前后移动；承载台48用于承载整个系统，驱动控制中心49调节伸缩驱动器47的伸缩量，支护控制器50用于控制衬注作业系统43衬砌支护时的作用力和速率，注浆控制器51用于控制衬注作业系统43注浆加固时的注浆压力和注浆量。
进一步的，本实施例中所述的驱动连筒44为一个多节筒体结构组成的一个杆状结构，当然不难理解的，该驱动连筒44还可以设置成一体式结构，不采用这种多节、多段形式。
如图11和图12所示，所述的衬注作业系统43主要由伸缩推力块52、注浆管53和固定器54组成。所述的伸缩推力块52和注浆管53安装在固定器54上，伸缩推力块52粘结衬砌 管片55顶推至洞室洞壁，可同时在洞室的上下左右四个方向进行衬砌支护，注浆管53的一端与注浆控制器51相连，另外一端穿过衬砌管片55，用于向衬砌管片55和洞室洞壁的接触间隙注入加固浆液。所述的注浆管53包括多路，分别对应不同的衬砌管片55，一个衬砌管片55上设一路注浆管53。
本实施例中，每组衬砌管片55包括四个，四个衬砌管片55围成一个环状结构，固定器54位于环状结构的中心位置，四个衬砌管片55通过四个伸缩推力块52与固定器54相连。四个衬砌管片55的结构相同，具体的参见图12。
如图13所示，所述的高度密封模型测试系统7由防水光感应位移传感器56、防水渗压传感器57、防水温度传感器58和数据处理中心59组成；防水光感应位移传感器56穿过高压水密封模型试验舱1固定于模型试验体8内部，用于检测模型材料内部任意部位位移，防水渗压传感器57用于检测模型试验体8内部任意部位渗压，防水温度传感器58用于检测高压水密封模型试验舱1内部模型试验体8和高压水体9的实时温度，数据处理中心59将测得的模型试验数据实时进行处理、存储和显示并自动生成相关时程变化曲线。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，该系统主要由高压水密封模型试验舱、内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统、高地温调控系统、高渗透水压加载系统、微型TBM智能掘进系统、多臂衬砌系统以及自密封高精度测试系统组成；
    所述的高压水密封模型试验舱，其内部用于容纳试验模型体和高压水体，试验模型体与高压水密封模型试验舱内壁之间形成高压水体空间；
    所述的内嵌式高液压伺服加载系统，其内嵌于高压水密封模型试验舱上，为所述的试验模型体提供高地应力；
    所述的高地温调控系统为试验模型体和高压水体施加试验温度；
    所述的高渗透水压加载系统用于对试验模型体进行全方位的高渗透水压加载；
    所述的微型TBM智能掘进系统，用于智能开挖不同形状和尺寸的模型洞室；
    所述的多臂衬砌系统，用于模型洞室开挖后的衬砌支护和注浆加固；
    所述的自密封高精度测试系统，用于测试模型试验体内部任意部位的位移、应力和渗压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，所述的高压水密封模型试验舱由六个钢制高强反力板组装而成，其中四块钢制高强反力板通过焊接形成环形立方筒结构体，另外两块钢制高强反力板通过高强螺栓与环形立方筒结构体密封连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，在高压水密封模型试验舱的前面的钢制高强反力板中心安装密封开挖窗口。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，所述的高地温调控系统由水体加热器、模型加热器、温度控制中心和密封隔热板组成；所述的水体加热器设置在高压水体中，为高压水体加热至试验温度；所述的模型加热器位于试验模型体中，将试验模型体加热至试验温度；所述的温度控制中心与水体加热器、模型加热器相连，用于控制水体加热器和模型加热器的温度；所述的密封隔热板位于高压水密封模型试验舱内，用于阻挡加热热量外散。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，所述的高渗透水压加载系统由多断面布设的高压水管、水压加载装置和水压调控系统组成；所述的高压水管穿过高压水密封模型试验舱插入到模型试验体内部相应位置，水压加载装置与高压水管相连，提供试验所需的高水压，水压调控系统与水压加载装置相连，用于实时动态输入、输出水压值。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的高渗透水压加载系统，其特征在于，所述的水压加载装置主要由 自动变频增压泵、水箱、水压传感器和高压水出口组成；自动变频增压泵用于提供试验所需水压值，水箱用于承载试验水体，水压传感器用于监测输出水压，高压水出口连接多断面布设的高压水管，将增压后的试验水体注入高压水密封模型试验舱内。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，所述的多臂衬砌系统包括衬注作业系统、伸缩驱动器、支护控制器和注浆控制器；衬注作业系统用于实施洞室衬砌支护和注浆加固，伸缩驱动器控制衬注作业系统前进和后退，支护控制器用于控制衬注作业系统衬砌支护时的作用力和速率，注浆控制器用于控制衬注作业系统注浆加固时的注浆压力和注浆量。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的复杂条件下大埋深隧洞围岩稳定与支护模型试验系统，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述的衬注作业系统主要由伸缩推力块、注浆管和固定器组成；所述的伸缩推力块和注浆管安装在固定器上，伸缩推力块粘结衬砌管片顶推至洞室洞壁，注浆管穿过衬砌管片，用于向衬砌管片和洞室洞壁的接触间隙注入加固浆液。
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